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Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above copyright 11.\" notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer in the 12.\" documentation and/or other materials provided with the distribution. 13.\" 14.\" THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE AUTHOR ``AS IS'' AND ANY EXPRESS OR 15.\" IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, THE IMPLIED WARRANTIES 16.\" OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE ARE DISCLAIMED. 17.\" IN NO EVENT SHALL THE AUTHOR BE LIABLE FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, 18.\" INCIDENTAL, SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT 19.\" NOT LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE, 20.\" DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION) HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY 21.\" THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT LIABILITY, OR TORT 22.\" (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY OUT OF THE USE OF 23.\" THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE. 24.\" 25.\" $FreeBSD$ 26.\" 27.Dd March 27, 2014 28.Dt MKIMG 1 29.Os 30.Sh NAME 31.Nm mkimg 32.Nd "utility to make a disk image" 33.Sh SYNOPSIS 34.Nm 35.Op Fl H Ar heads 36.Op Fl P Ar blksz 37.Op Fl S Ar secsz 38.Op Fl T Ar tracksz 39.Op Fl b Ar bootcode 40.Op Fl f Ar format 41.Op Fl o Ar outfile 42.Op Fl v 43.Fl s Ar scheme 44.Fl p Ar partition 45.Op Fl p Ar partition ... 46.Sh DESCRIPTION 47The 48.Nm 49utility creates a disk image from the raw partition contents specified with 50the 51.Ar partition 52argument(s) and using the partitioning scheme specified with the 53.Ar scheme 54argument. 55The disk image is written to 56.Ar stdout 57by default or the file specified with the 58.Ar outfile 59argument. 60The image file is a raw disk image by default, but the format of the 61image file can be specified with the 62.Ar format 63argument. 64.Pp 65The disk image can be made bootable by specifying the scheme-specific boot 66block contents with the 67.Ar bootcode 68argument and, 69depending on the scheme, 70with a boot partition. 71The contents of such a boot partition is provided like any other partition 72and the 73.Nm 74utility does not treat it any differently from other partitions. 75.Pp 76Some partitioning schemes need a disk geometry and for those the 77.Nm 78utility accepts the 79.Ar tracksz 80and 81.Ar heads 82arguments, specifying the number of sectors per track and the number of 83heads per cylinder (resp.) 84.Pp 85Both the logical and physical sector size can be specified and for that the 86.Nm 87utility 88accepts the 89.Ar secsz 90and 91.Ar blksz 92arguments. 93The 94.Ar secsz 95argument is used to specify the logical sector size. 96This is the sector size reported by a disk when queried for its capacity. 97Modern disks use a larger sector size internally, 98referred to as block size by the 99.Nm 100utility and this can be specified by the 101.Ar blksz 102argument. 103The 104.Nm 105utility will use the (physical) block size to determine the start of 106partitions and to round the size of the disk image. 107.Pp 108The 109.Op Fl v 110option increases the level of output that the 111.Nm 112utility prints. 113.Pp 114For a complete list of supported partitioning schemes or supported output 115format, or for a detailed description of how to specify partitions, run the 116.Nm 117utility without any arguments. 118.Sh EXAMPLES 119To create a bootable disk image that is partitioned using the GPT scheme and 120containing a root file system that was previously created using 121.Xr makefs 122and also containing a swap partition, run the 123.Nm 124utility as follows: 125.Dl % mkimg -s gpt -b /boot/pmbr -p freebsd-boot:=/boot/gptboot \ 126-p freebsd-ufs:=root-file-system.ufs -p freebsd-swap::1G \ 127-o gpt.img 128.Pp 129The command line given above results in a raw image file. 130This is because no output format was given. 131To create a VMDK image for example, add the 132.Fl f Ar vmdk 133argument to the 134.Nm 135utility and name the output file accordingly. 136.Pp 137A nested partitioning scheme is created by running the 138.Nm 139utility twice. 140The output of the first will be fed as the contents of a partition to the 141second. 142This can be done using a temporary file, like so: 143.Dl % mkimg -s bsd -b /boot/boot -p freebsd-ufs:=root-file-system.ufs \ 144-p freebsd-swap::1G -o /tmp/bsd.img 145.Dl % mkimg -s mbr -b /boot/mbr -p freebsd:=/tmp/bsd.img -o mbr-bsd.img 146.Pp 147Alternatively, the 148.Nm 149utility can be run in a cascaded fashion, whereby the output of the 150first is fed directly into the second. 151To do this, run the 152.Nm 153utility as follows: 154.Dl % mkimg -s mbr -b /boot/mbr -p freebsd:-'mkimg -s bsd -b /boot/boot \ 155-p freebsd-ufs:=root-file-system.ufs -p freebsd-swap::1G' -o mbr-bsd.img 156.Pp 157For partitioning schemes that feature partition labels, the 158.Nm 159utility supports assigning labels to the partitions specified. 160In the following example the file system partition is labeled as 'backup': 161.Dl % mkimg -s gpt -p freebsd-ufs/backup:=file-system.ufs -o gpt.img 162.Sh SEE ALSO 163.Xr gpart 8 164.Xr makefs 8 165.Xr mdconfig 8 166.Xr newfs 8 167.Sh HISTORY 168The 169.Nm 170utility appeared in 171.Fx 11.0 172.Sh AUTHORS 173The 174.Nm 175utility and manpage were written by Marcel Moolenaar <marcelm@juniper.net> 176