xref: /freebsd/usr.bin/login/login.c (revision fbf96e52bbd90bbbb9c9e2ae6fbc101fa6ebd080)
1 /*-
2  * Copyright (c) 1980, 1987, 1988, 1991, 1993, 1994
3  *	The Regents of the University of California.  All rights reserved.
4  * Copyright (c) 2002 Networks Associates Technologies, Inc.
5  * All rights reserved.
6  *
7  * Portions of this software were developed for the FreeBSD Project by
8  * ThinkSec AS and NAI Labs, the Security Research Division of Network
9  * Associates, Inc.  under DARPA/SPAWAR contract N66001-01-C-8035
10  * ("CBOSS"), as part of the DARPA CHATS research program.
11  *
12  * Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
13  * modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions
14  * are met:
15  * 1. Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright
16  *    notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
17  * 2. Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above copyright
18  *    notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer in the
19  *    documentation and/or other materials provided with the distribution.
20  * 3. All advertising materials mentioning features or use of this software
21  *    must display the following acknowledgement:
22  *	This product includes software developed by the University of
23  *	California, Berkeley and its contributors.
24  * 4. Neither the name of the University nor the names of its contributors
25  *    may be used to endorse or promote products derived from this software
26  *    without specific prior written permission.
27  *
28  * THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE REGENTS AND CONTRIBUTORS ``AS IS'' AND
29  * ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, THE
30  * IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE
31  * ARE DISCLAIMED.  IN NO EVENT SHALL THE REGENTS OR CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE
32  * FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL, SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL
33  * DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS
34  * OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE, DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION)
35  * HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT
36  * LIABILITY, OR TORT (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY
37  * OUT OF THE USE OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF
38  * SUCH DAMAGE.
39  */
40 
41 #if 0
42 #ifndef lint
43 static char sccsid[] = "@(#)login.c	8.4 (Berkeley) 4/2/94";
44 #endif
45 #endif
46 
47 #include <sys/cdefs.h>
48 __FBSDID("$FreeBSD$");
49 
50 /*
51  * login [ name ]
52  * login -h hostname	(for telnetd, etc.)
53  * login -f name	(for pre-authenticated login: datakit, xterm, etc.)
54  */
55 
56 #include <sys/copyright.h>
57 #include <sys/param.h>
58 #include <sys/file.h>
59 #include <sys/stat.h>
60 #include <sys/time.h>
61 #include <sys/resource.h>
62 #include <sys/wait.h>
63 
64 #include <err.h>
65 #include <errno.h>
66 #include <grp.h>
67 #include <libutil.h>
68 #include <login_cap.h>
69 #include <pwd.h>
70 #include <setjmp.h>
71 #include <signal.h>
72 #include <stdio.h>
73 #include <stdlib.h>
74 #include <string.h>
75 #include <syslog.h>
76 #include <ttyent.h>
77 #include <unistd.h>
78 
79 #include <security/pam_appl.h>
80 #include <security/openpam.h>
81 
82 #include "login.h"
83 #include "pathnames.h"
84 
85 static int		 auth_pam(void);
86 static void		 bail(int, int);
87 static int		 export(const char *);
88 static void		 export_pam_environment(void);
89 static int		 motd(const char *);
90 static void		 badlogin(char *);
91 static char		*getloginname(void);
92 static void		 pam_syslog(const char *);
93 static void		 pam_cleanup(void);
94 static void		 refused(const char *, const char *, int);
95 static const char	*stypeof(char *);
96 static void		 sigint(int);
97 static void		 timedout(int);
98 static void		 usage(void);
99 
100 #define	TTYGRPNAME		"tty"			/* group to own ttys */
101 #define	DEFAULT_BACKOFF		3
102 #define	DEFAULT_RETRIES		10
103 #define	DEFAULT_PROMPT		"login: "
104 #define	DEFAULT_PASSWD_PROMPT	"Password:"
105 #define	TERM_UNKNOWN		"su"
106 #define	DEFAULT_WARN		(2L * 7L * 86400L)	/* Two weeks */
107 #define NO_SLEEP_EXIT		0
108 #define SLEEP_EXIT		5
109 
110 /*
111  * This bounds the time given to login.  Not a define so it can
112  * be patched on machines where it's too small.
113  */
114 static u_int		timeout = 300;
115 
116 /* Buffer for signal handling of timeout */
117 static jmp_buf		 timeout_buf;
118 
119 struct passwd		*pwd;
120 static int		 failures;
121 
122 static char		*envinit[1];	/* empty environment list */
123 
124 /*
125  * Command line flags and arguments
126  */
127 static int		 fflag;		/* -f: do not perform authentication */
128 static int		 hflag;		/* -h: login from remote host */
129 static char		*hostname;	/* hostname from command line */
130 static int		 pflag;		/* -p: preserve environment */
131 
132 /*
133  * User name
134  */
135 static char		*username;	/* user name */
136 static char		*olduser;	/* previous user name */
137 
138 /*
139  * Prompts
140  */
141 static char		 default_prompt[] = DEFAULT_PROMPT;
142 static const char	*prompt;
143 static char		 default_passwd_prompt[] = DEFAULT_PASSWD_PROMPT;
144 static const char	*passwd_prompt;
145 
146 static char		*tty;
147 
148 /*
149  * PAM data
150  */
151 static pam_handle_t	*pamh = NULL;
152 static struct pam_conv	 pamc = { openpam_ttyconv, NULL };
153 static int		 pam_err;
154 static int		 pam_silent = PAM_SILENT;
155 static int		 pam_cred_established;
156 static int		 pam_session_established;
157 
158 int
159 main(int argc, char *argv[])
160 {
161 	struct group *gr;
162 	struct stat st;
163 	int retries, backoff;
164 	int ask, ch, cnt, quietlog, rootlogin, rval;
165 	uid_t uid, euid;
166 	gid_t egid;
167 	char *term;
168 	char *p, *ttyn;
169 	char tname[sizeof(_PATH_TTY) + 10];
170 	char *arg0;
171 	const char *tp;
172 	const char *shell = NULL;
173 	login_cap_t *lc = NULL;
174 	pid_t pid;
175 
176 	(void)signal(SIGQUIT, SIG_IGN);
177 	(void)signal(SIGINT, SIG_IGN);
178 	(void)signal(SIGHUP, SIG_IGN);
179 	if (setjmp(timeout_buf)) {
180 		if (failures)
181 			badlogin(username);
182 		(void)fprintf(stderr, "Login timed out after %d seconds\n",
183 		    timeout);
184 		bail(NO_SLEEP_EXIT, 0);
185 	}
186 	(void)signal(SIGALRM, timedout);
187 	(void)alarm(timeout);
188 	(void)setpriority(PRIO_PROCESS, 0, 0);
189 
190 	openlog("login", LOG_ODELAY, LOG_AUTH);
191 
192 	uid = getuid();
193 	euid = geteuid();
194 	egid = getegid();
195 
196 	while ((ch = getopt(argc, argv, "fh:p")) != -1)
197 		switch (ch) {
198 		case 'f':
199 			fflag = 1;
200 			break;
201 		case 'h':
202 			if (uid != 0)
203 				errx(1, "-h option: %s", strerror(EPERM));
204 			if (strlen(optarg) >= MAXHOSTNAMELEN)
205 				errx(1, "-h option: %s: exceeds maximum "
206 				    "hostname size", optarg);
207 			hflag = 1;
208 			hostname = optarg;
209 			break;
210 		case 'p':
211 			pflag = 1;
212 			break;
213 		case '?':
214 		default:
215 			if (uid == 0)
216 				syslog(LOG_ERR, "invalid flag %c", ch);
217 			usage();
218 		}
219 	argc -= optind;
220 	argv += optind;
221 
222 	if (argc > 0) {
223 		username = strdup(*argv);
224 		if (username == NULL)
225 			err(1, "strdup()");
226 		ask = 0;
227 	} else {
228 		ask = 1;
229 	}
230 
231 	setproctitle("-%s", getprogname());
232 
233 	for (cnt = getdtablesize(); cnt > 2; cnt--)
234 		(void)close(cnt);
235 
236 	/*
237 	 * Get current TTY
238 	 */
239 	ttyn = ttyname(STDIN_FILENO);
240 	if (ttyn == NULL || *ttyn == '\0') {
241 		(void)snprintf(tname, sizeof(tname), "%s??", _PATH_TTY);
242 		ttyn = tname;
243 	}
244 	if ((tty = strrchr(ttyn, '/')) != NULL)
245 		++tty;
246 	else
247 		tty = ttyn;
248 
249 	/*
250 	 * Get "login-retries" & "login-backoff" from default class
251 	 */
252 	lc = login_getclass(NULL);
253 	prompt = login_getcapstr(lc, "login_prompt",
254 	    default_prompt, default_prompt);
255 	passwd_prompt = login_getcapstr(lc, "passwd_prompt",
256 	    default_passwd_prompt, default_passwd_prompt);
257 	retries = login_getcapnum(lc, "login-retries",
258 	    DEFAULT_RETRIES, DEFAULT_RETRIES);
259 	backoff = login_getcapnum(lc, "login-backoff",
260 	    DEFAULT_BACKOFF, DEFAULT_BACKOFF);
261 	login_close(lc);
262 	lc = NULL;
263 
264 	/*
265 	 * Try to authenticate the user until we succeed or time out.
266 	 */
267 	for (cnt = 0;; ask = 1) {
268 		if (ask) {
269 			fflag = 0;
270 			if (olduser != NULL)
271 				free(olduser);
272 			olduser = username;
273 			username = getloginname();
274 		}
275 		rootlogin = 0;
276 
277 		/*
278 		 * Note if trying multiple user names; log failures for
279 		 * previous user name, but don't bother logging one failure
280 		 * for nonexistent name (mistyped username).
281 		 */
282 		if (failures && strcmp(olduser, username) != 0) {
283 			if (failures > (pwd ? 0 : 1))
284 				badlogin(olduser);
285 		}
286 
287 		/*
288 		 * Load the PAM policy and set some variables
289 		 */
290 		pam_err = pam_start("login", username, &pamc, &pamh);
291 		if (pam_err != PAM_SUCCESS) {
292 			pam_syslog("pam_start()");
293 			bail(NO_SLEEP_EXIT, 1);
294 		}
295 		pam_err = pam_set_item(pamh, PAM_TTY, tty);
296 		if (pam_err != PAM_SUCCESS) {
297 			pam_syslog("pam_set_item(PAM_TTY)");
298 			bail(NO_SLEEP_EXIT, 1);
299 		}
300 		pam_err = pam_set_item(pamh, PAM_RHOST, hostname);
301 		if (pam_err != PAM_SUCCESS) {
302 			pam_syslog("pam_set_item(PAM_RHOST)");
303 			bail(NO_SLEEP_EXIT, 1);
304 		}
305 
306 		pwd = getpwnam(username);
307 		if (pwd != NULL && pwd->pw_uid == 0)
308 			rootlogin = 1;
309 
310 		/*
311 		 * If the -f option was specified and the caller is
312 		 * root or the caller isn't changing their uid, don't
313 		 * authenticate.
314 		 */
315 		if (pwd != NULL && fflag &&
316 		    (uid == (uid_t)0 || uid == (uid_t)pwd->pw_uid)) {
317 			/* already authenticated */
318 			rval = 0;
319 		} else {
320 			fflag = 0;
321 			(void)setpriority(PRIO_PROCESS, 0, -4);
322 			rval = auth_pam();
323 			(void)setpriority(PRIO_PROCESS, 0, 0);
324 		}
325 
326 		if (pwd && rval == 0)
327 			break;
328 
329 		pam_cleanup();
330 
331 		(void)printf("Login incorrect\n");
332 		failures++;
333 
334 		/*
335 		 * Allow up to 'retry' (10) attempts, but start
336 		 * backing off after 'backoff' (3) attempts.
337 		 */
338 		if (++cnt > backoff) {
339 			if (cnt >= retries) {
340 				badlogin(username);
341 				bail(SLEEP_EXIT, 1);
342 			}
343 			sleep((u_int)((cnt - backoff) * 5));
344 		}
345 	}
346 
347 	/* committed to login -- turn off timeout */
348 	(void)alarm((u_int)0);
349 	(void)signal(SIGHUP, SIG_DFL);
350 
351 	endpwent();
352 
353 	/*
354 	 * Establish the login class.
355 	 */
356 	lc = login_getpwclass(pwd);
357 
358 	quietlog = login_getcapbool(lc, "hushlogin", 0);
359 
360 	/*
361 	 * Switching needed for NFS with root access disabled.
362 	 *
363 	 * XXX: This change fails to modify the additional groups for the
364 	 * process, and as such, may restrict rights normally granted
365 	 * through those groups.
366 	 */
367 	(void)setegid(pwd->pw_gid);
368 	(void)seteuid(rootlogin ? 0 : pwd->pw_uid);
369 	if (!*pwd->pw_dir || chdir(pwd->pw_dir) < 0) {
370 		if (login_getcapbool(lc, "requirehome", 0))
371 			refused("Home directory not available", "HOMEDIR", 1);
372 		if (chdir("/") < 0)
373 			refused("Cannot find root directory", "ROOTDIR", 1);
374 		if (!quietlog || *pwd->pw_dir)
375 			printf("No home directory.\nLogging in with home = \"/\".\n");
376 		pwd->pw_dir = strdup("/");
377 		if (pwd->pw_dir == NULL) {
378 			syslog(LOG_NOTICE, "strdup(): %m");
379 			bail(SLEEP_EXIT, 1);
380 		}
381 	}
382 	(void)seteuid(euid);
383 	(void)setegid(egid);
384 	if (!quietlog) {
385 		quietlog = access(_PATH_HUSHLOGIN, F_OK) == 0;
386 		if (!quietlog)
387 			pam_silent = 0;
388 	}
389 
390 	shell = login_getcapstr(lc, "shell", pwd->pw_shell, pwd->pw_shell);
391 	if (*pwd->pw_shell == '\0')
392 		pwd->pw_shell = strdup(_PATH_BSHELL);
393 	if (pwd->pw_shell == NULL) {
394 		syslog(LOG_NOTICE, "strdup(): %m");
395 		bail(SLEEP_EXIT, 1);
396 	}
397 	if (*shell == '\0')   /* Not overridden */
398 		shell = pwd->pw_shell;
399 	if ((shell = strdup(shell)) == NULL) {
400 		syslog(LOG_NOTICE, "strdup(): %m");
401 		bail(SLEEP_EXIT, 1);
402 	}
403 
404 	/*
405 	 * Set device protections, depending on what terminal the
406 	 * user is logged in. This feature is used on Suns to give
407 	 * console users better privacy.
408 	 */
409 	login_fbtab(tty, pwd->pw_uid, pwd->pw_gid);
410 
411 	/*
412 	 * Clear flags of the tty.  None should be set, and when the
413 	 * user sets them otherwise, this can cause the chown to fail.
414 	 * Since it isn't clear that flags are useful on character
415 	 * devices, we just clear them.
416 	 *
417 	 * We don't log in the case of EOPNOTSUPP because dev might be
418 	 * on NFS, which doesn't support chflags.
419 	 *
420 	 * We don't log in the EROFS because that means that /dev is on
421 	 * a read only file system and we assume that the permissions there
422 	 * are sane.
423 	 */
424 	if (ttyn != tname && chflags(ttyn, 0))
425 		if (errno != EOPNOTSUPP && errno != EROFS)
426 			syslog(LOG_ERR, "chflags(%s): %m", ttyn);
427 	if (ttyn != tname && chown(ttyn, pwd->pw_uid,
428 	    (gr = getgrnam(TTYGRPNAME)) ? gr->gr_gid : pwd->pw_gid))
429 		if (errno != EROFS)
430 			syslog(LOG_ERR, "chown(%s): %m", ttyn);
431 
432 	/*
433 	 * Exclude cons/vt/ptys only, assume dialup otherwise
434 	 * TODO: Make dialup tty determination a library call
435 	 * for consistency (finger etc.)
436 	 */
437 	if (hflag && isdialuptty(tty))
438 		syslog(LOG_INFO, "DIALUP %s, %s", tty, pwd->pw_name);
439 
440 #ifdef LOGALL
441 	/*
442 	 * Syslog each successful login, so we don't have to watch
443 	 * hundreds of wtmp or lastlogin files.
444 	 */
445 	if (hflag)
446 		syslog(LOG_INFO, "login from %s on %s as %s",
447 		       hostname, tty, pwd->pw_name);
448 	else
449 		syslog(LOG_INFO, "login on %s as %s",
450 		       tty, pwd->pw_name);
451 #endif
452 
453 	/*
454 	 * If fflag is on, assume caller/authenticator has logged root
455 	 * login.
456 	 */
457 	if (rootlogin && fflag == 0) {
458 		if (hflag)
459 			syslog(LOG_NOTICE, "ROOT LOGIN (%s) ON %s FROM %s",
460 			    username, tty, hostname);
461 		else
462 			syslog(LOG_NOTICE, "ROOT LOGIN (%s) ON %s",
463 			    username, tty);
464 	}
465 
466 	/*
467 	 * Destroy environment unless user has requested its
468 	 * preservation - but preserve TERM in all cases
469 	 */
470 	term = getenv("TERM");
471 	if (!pflag)
472 		environ = envinit;
473 	if (term != NULL)
474 		setenv("TERM", term, 0);
475 
476 	/*
477 	 * PAM modules might add supplementary groups during pam_setcred().
478 	 */
479 	if (setusercontext(lc, pwd, pwd->pw_uid, LOGIN_SETGROUP) != 0) {
480 		syslog(LOG_ERR, "setusercontext() failed - exiting");
481 		bail(NO_SLEEP_EXIT, 1);
482 	}
483 
484 	pam_err = pam_setcred(pamh, pam_silent|PAM_ESTABLISH_CRED);
485 	if (pam_err != PAM_SUCCESS) {
486 		pam_syslog("pam_setcred()");
487 		bail(NO_SLEEP_EXIT, 1);
488 	}
489 	pam_cred_established = 1;
490 
491 	pam_err = pam_open_session(pamh, pam_silent);
492 	if (pam_err != PAM_SUCCESS) {
493 		pam_syslog("pam_open_session()");
494 		bail(NO_SLEEP_EXIT, 1);
495 	}
496 	pam_session_established = 1;
497 
498 	/*
499 	 * We must fork() before setuid() because we need to call
500 	 * pam_close_session() as root.
501 	 */
502 	pid = fork();
503 	if (pid < 0) {
504 		err(1, "fork");
505 	} else if (pid != 0) {
506 		/*
507 		 * Parent: wait for child to finish, then clean up
508 		 * session.
509 		 */
510 		int status;
511 		setproctitle("-%s [pam]", getprogname());
512 		waitpid(pid, &status, 0);
513 		bail(NO_SLEEP_EXIT, 0);
514 	}
515 
516 	/*
517 	 * NOTICE: We are now in the child process!
518 	 */
519 
520 	/*
521 	 * Add any environment variables the PAM modules may have set.
522 	 */
523 	export_pam_environment();
524 
525 	/*
526 	 * We're done with PAM now; our parent will deal with the rest.
527 	 */
528 	pam_end(pamh, 0);
529 	pamh = NULL;
530 
531 	/*
532 	 * We don't need to be root anymore, so set the login name and
533 	 * the UID.
534 	 */
535 	if (setlogin(username) != 0) {
536 		syslog(LOG_ERR, "setlogin(%s): %m - exiting", username);
537 		bail(NO_SLEEP_EXIT, 1);
538 	}
539 	if (setusercontext(lc, pwd, pwd->pw_uid,
540 	    LOGIN_SETALL & ~(LOGIN_SETLOGIN|LOGIN_SETGROUP)) != 0) {
541 		syslog(LOG_ERR, "setusercontext() failed - exiting");
542 		exit(1);
543 	}
544 
545 	(void)setenv("SHELL", pwd->pw_shell, 1);
546 	(void)setenv("HOME", pwd->pw_dir, 1);
547 	/* Overwrite "term" from login.conf(5) for any known TERM */
548 	if (term == NULL && (tp = stypeof(tty)) != NULL)
549 		(void)setenv("TERM", tp, 1);
550 	else
551 		(void)setenv("TERM", TERM_UNKNOWN, 0);
552 	(void)setenv("LOGNAME", username, 1);
553 	(void)setenv("USER", username, 1);
554 	(void)setenv("PATH", rootlogin ? _PATH_STDPATH : _PATH_DEFPATH, 0);
555 
556 	if (!quietlog) {
557 		const char *cw;
558 
559 		cw = login_getcapstr(lc, "copyright", NULL, NULL);
560 		if (cw == NULL || motd(cw) == -1)
561 			(void)printf("%s", copyright);
562 
563 		(void)printf("\n");
564 
565 		cw = login_getcapstr(lc, "welcome", NULL, NULL);
566 		if (cw != NULL && access(cw, F_OK) == 0)
567 			motd(cw);
568 		else
569 			motd(_PATH_MOTDFILE);
570 
571 		if (login_getcapbool(lc, "nocheckmail", 0) == 0) {
572 			char *cx;
573 
574 			/* $MAIL may have been set by class. */
575 			cx = getenv("MAIL");
576 			if (cx == NULL) {
577 				asprintf(&cx, "%s/%s",
578 				    _PATH_MAILDIR, pwd->pw_name);
579 			}
580 			if (cx && stat(cx, &st) == 0 && st.st_size != 0)
581 				(void)printf("You have %smail.\n",
582 				    (st.st_mtime > st.st_atime) ? "new " : "");
583 			if (getenv("MAIL") == NULL)
584 				free(cx);
585 		}
586 	}
587 
588 	login_close(lc);
589 
590 	(void)signal(SIGALRM, SIG_DFL);
591 	(void)signal(SIGQUIT, SIG_DFL);
592 	(void)signal(SIGINT, SIG_DFL);
593 	(void)signal(SIGTSTP, SIG_IGN);
594 
595 	/*
596 	 * Login shells have a leading '-' in front of argv[0]
597 	 */
598 	p = strrchr(pwd->pw_shell, '/');
599 	if (asprintf(&arg0, "-%s", p ? p + 1 : pwd->pw_shell) >= MAXPATHLEN) {
600 		syslog(LOG_ERR, "user: %s: shell exceeds maximum pathname size",
601 		    username);
602 		errx(1, "shell exceeds maximum pathname size");
603 	} else if (arg0 == NULL) {
604 		err(1, "asprintf()");
605 	}
606 
607 	execlp(shell, arg0, (char *)0);
608 	err(1, "%s", shell);
609 
610 	/*
611 	 * That's it, folks!
612 	 */
613 }
614 
615 /*
616  * Attempt to authenticate the user using PAM.  Returns 0 if the user is
617  * authenticated, or 1 if not authenticated.  If some sort of PAM system
618  * error occurs (e.g., the "/etc/pam.conf" file is missing) then this
619  * function returns -1.  This can be used as an indication that we should
620  * fall back to a different authentication mechanism.
621  */
622 static int
623 auth_pam(void)
624 {
625 	const char *tmpl_user;
626 	const void *item;
627 	int rval;
628 
629 	pam_err = pam_authenticate(pamh, pam_silent);
630 	switch (pam_err) {
631 
632 	case PAM_SUCCESS:
633 		/*
634 		 * With PAM we support the concept of a "template"
635 		 * user.  The user enters a login name which is
636 		 * authenticated by PAM, usually via a remote service
637 		 * such as RADIUS or TACACS+.  If authentication
638 		 * succeeds, a different but related "template" name
639 		 * is used for setting the credentials, shell, and
640 		 * home directory.  The name the user enters need only
641 		 * exist on the remote authentication server, but the
642 		 * template name must be present in the local password
643 		 * database.
644 		 *
645 		 * This is supported by two various mechanisms in the
646 		 * individual modules.  However, from the application's
647 		 * point of view, the template user is always passed
648 		 * back as a changed value of the PAM_USER item.
649 		 */
650 		pam_err = pam_get_item(pamh, PAM_USER, &item);
651 		if (pam_err == PAM_SUCCESS) {
652 			tmpl_user = (const char *)item;
653 			if (strcmp(username, tmpl_user) != 0)
654 				pwd = getpwnam(tmpl_user);
655 		} else {
656 			pam_syslog("pam_get_item(PAM_USER)");
657 		}
658 		rval = 0;
659 		break;
660 
661 	case PAM_AUTH_ERR:
662 	case PAM_USER_UNKNOWN:
663 	case PAM_MAXTRIES:
664 		rval = 1;
665 		break;
666 
667 	default:
668 		pam_syslog("pam_authenticate()");
669 		rval = -1;
670 		break;
671 	}
672 
673 	if (rval == 0) {
674 		pam_err = pam_acct_mgmt(pamh, pam_silent);
675 		switch (pam_err) {
676 		case PAM_SUCCESS:
677 			break;
678 		case PAM_NEW_AUTHTOK_REQD:
679 			pam_err = pam_chauthtok(pamh,
680 			    pam_silent|PAM_CHANGE_EXPIRED_AUTHTOK);
681 			if (pam_err != PAM_SUCCESS) {
682 				pam_syslog("pam_chauthtok()");
683 				rval = 1;
684 			}
685 			break;
686 		default:
687 			pam_syslog("pam_acct_mgmt()");
688 			rval = 1;
689 			break;
690 		}
691 	}
692 
693 	if (rval != 0) {
694 		pam_end(pamh, pam_err);
695 		pamh = NULL;
696 	}
697 	return (rval);
698 }
699 
700 /*
701  * Export any environment variables PAM modules may have set
702  */
703 static void
704 export_pam_environment()
705 {
706 	char **pam_env;
707 	char **pp;
708 
709 	pam_env = pam_getenvlist(pamh);
710 	if (pam_env != NULL) {
711 		for (pp = pam_env; *pp != NULL; pp++) {
712 			(void)export(*pp);
713 			free(*pp);
714 		}
715 	}
716 }
717 
718 /*
719  * Perform sanity checks on an environment variable:
720  * - Make sure there is an '=' in the string.
721  * - Make sure the string doesn't run on too long.
722  * - Do not export certain variables.  This list was taken from the
723  *   Solaris pam_putenv(3) man page.
724  * Then export it.
725  */
726 static int
727 export(const char *s)
728 {
729 	static const char *noexport[] = {
730 		"SHELL", "HOME", "LOGNAME", "MAIL", "CDPATH",
731 		"IFS", "PATH", NULL
732 	};
733 	const char **pp;
734 	size_t n;
735 
736 	if (strlen(s) > 1024 || strchr(s, '=') == NULL)
737 		return (0);
738 	if (strncmp(s, "LD_", 3) == 0)
739 		return (0);
740 	for (pp = noexport; *pp != NULL; pp++) {
741 		n = strlen(*pp);
742 		if (s[n] == '=' && strncmp(s, *pp, n) == 0)
743 			return (0);
744 	}
745 	(void)putenv(s);
746 	return (1);
747 }
748 
749 static void
750 usage()
751 {
752 
753 	(void)fprintf(stderr, "usage: login [-fp] [-h hostname] [username]\n");
754 	exit(1);
755 }
756 
757 /*
758  * Prompt user and read login name from stdin.
759  */
760 static char *
761 getloginname()
762 {
763 	char *nbuf, *p;
764 	int ch;
765 
766 	nbuf = malloc(MAXLOGNAME);
767 	if (nbuf == NULL)
768 		err(1, "malloc()");
769 	do {
770 		(void)printf("%s", prompt);
771 		for (p = nbuf; (ch = getchar()) != '\n'; ) {
772 			if (ch == EOF) {
773 				badlogin(username);
774 				bail(NO_SLEEP_EXIT, 0);
775 			}
776 			if (p < nbuf + MAXLOGNAME - 1)
777 				*p++ = ch;
778 		}
779 	} while (p == nbuf);
780 
781 	*p = '\0';
782 	if (nbuf[0] == '-') {
783 		pam_silent = 0;
784 		memmove(nbuf, nbuf + 1, strlen(nbuf));
785 	} else {
786 		pam_silent = PAM_SILENT;
787 	}
788 	return nbuf;
789 }
790 
791 /*
792  * SIGINT handler for motd().
793  */
794 static volatile int motdinterrupt;
795 static void
796 sigint(int signo __unused)
797 {
798 	motdinterrupt = 1;
799 }
800 
801 /*
802  * Display the contents of a file (such as /etc/motd).
803  */
804 static int
805 motd(const char *motdfile)
806 {
807 	sig_t oldint;
808 	FILE *f;
809 	int ch;
810 
811 	if ((f = fopen(motdfile, "r")) == NULL)
812 		return (-1);
813 	motdinterrupt = 0;
814 	oldint = signal(SIGINT, sigint);
815 	while ((ch = fgetc(f)) != EOF && !motdinterrupt)
816 		putchar(ch);
817 	signal(SIGINT, oldint);
818 	if (ch != EOF || ferror(f)) {
819 		fclose(f);
820 		return (-1);
821 	}
822 	fclose(f);
823 	return (0);
824 }
825 
826 /*
827  * SIGALRM handler, to enforce login prompt timeout.
828  *
829  * XXX This can potentially confuse the hell out of PAM.  We should
830  * XXX instead implement a conversation function that returns
831  * XXX PAM_CONV_ERR when interrupted by a signal, and have the signal
832  * XXX handler just set a flag.
833  */
834 static void
835 timedout(int signo __unused)
836 {
837 
838 	longjmp(timeout_buf, signo);
839 }
840 
841 static void
842 badlogin(char *name)
843 {
844 
845 	if (failures == 0)
846 		return;
847 	if (hflag) {
848 		syslog(LOG_NOTICE, "%d LOGIN FAILURE%s FROM %s",
849 		    failures, failures > 1 ? "S" : "", hostname);
850 		syslog(LOG_AUTHPRIV|LOG_NOTICE,
851 		    "%d LOGIN FAILURE%s FROM %s, %s",
852 		    failures, failures > 1 ? "S" : "", hostname, name);
853 	} else {
854 		syslog(LOG_NOTICE, "%d LOGIN FAILURE%s ON %s",
855 		    failures, failures > 1 ? "S" : "", tty);
856 		syslog(LOG_AUTHPRIV|LOG_NOTICE,
857 		    "%d LOGIN FAILURE%s ON %s, %s",
858 		    failures, failures > 1 ? "S" : "", tty, name);
859 	}
860 	failures = 0;
861 }
862 
863 const char *
864 stypeof(char *ttyid)
865 {
866 	struct ttyent *t;
867 
868 	if (ttyid != NULL && *ttyid != '\0') {
869 		t = getttynam(ttyid);
870 		if (t != NULL && t->ty_type != NULL)
871 			return (t->ty_type);
872 	}
873 	return (NULL);
874 }
875 
876 static void
877 refused(const char *msg, const char *rtype, int lout)
878 {
879 
880 	if (msg != NULL)
881 	    printf("%s.\n", msg);
882 	if (hflag)
883 		syslog(LOG_NOTICE, "LOGIN %s REFUSED (%s) FROM %s ON TTY %s",
884 		    pwd->pw_name, rtype, hostname, tty);
885 	else
886 		syslog(LOG_NOTICE, "LOGIN %s REFUSED (%s) ON TTY %s",
887 		    pwd->pw_name, rtype, tty);
888 	if (lout)
889 		bail(SLEEP_EXIT, 1);
890 }
891 
892 /*
893  * Log a PAM error
894  */
895 static void
896 pam_syslog(const char *msg)
897 {
898 	syslog(LOG_ERR, "%s: %s", msg, pam_strerror(pamh, pam_err));
899 }
900 
901 /*
902  * Shut down PAM
903  */
904 static void
905 pam_cleanup()
906 {
907 
908 	if (pamh != NULL) {
909 		if (pam_session_established) {
910 			pam_err = pam_close_session(pamh, 0);
911 			if (pam_err != PAM_SUCCESS)
912 				pam_syslog("pam_close_session()");
913 		}
914 		pam_session_established = 0;
915 		if (pam_cred_established) {
916 			pam_err = pam_setcred(pamh, pam_silent|PAM_DELETE_CRED);
917 			if (pam_err != PAM_SUCCESS)
918 				pam_syslog("pam_setcred()");
919 		}
920 		pam_cred_established = 0;
921 		pam_end(pamh, pam_err);
922 		pamh = NULL;
923 	}
924 }
925 
926 /*
927  * Exit, optionally after sleeping a few seconds
928  */
929 void
930 bail(int sec, int eval)
931 {
932 
933 	pam_cleanup();
934 	(void)sleep(sec);
935 	exit(eval);
936 }
937