xref: /freebsd/usr.bin/login/login.c (revision 94ebcddde3e9e9f1c795563d83294ce40daff0d8)
1 /*-
2  * Copyright (c) 1980, 1987, 1988, 1991, 1993, 1994
3  *	The Regents of the University of California.  All rights reserved.
4  * Copyright (c) 2002 Networks Associates Technologies, Inc.
5  * All rights reserved.
6  *
7  * Portions of this software were developed for the FreeBSD Project by
8  * ThinkSec AS and NAI Labs, the Security Research Division of Network
9  * Associates, Inc.  under DARPA/SPAWAR contract N66001-01-C-8035
10  * ("CBOSS"), as part of the DARPA CHATS research program.
11  *
12  * Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
13  * modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions
14  * are met:
15  * 1. Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright
16  *    notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
17  * 2. Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above copyright
18  *    notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer in the
19  *    documentation and/or other materials provided with the distribution.
20  * 3. All advertising materials mentioning features or use of this software
21  *    must display the following acknowledgement:
22  *	This product includes software developed by the University of
23  *	California, Berkeley and its contributors.
24  * 4. Neither the name of the University nor the names of its contributors
25  *    may be used to endorse or promote products derived from this software
26  *    without specific prior written permission.
27  *
28  * THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE REGENTS AND CONTRIBUTORS ``AS IS'' AND
29  * ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, THE
30  * IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE
31  * ARE DISCLAIMED.  IN NO EVENT SHALL THE REGENTS OR CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE
32  * FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL, SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL
33  * DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS
34  * OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE, DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION)
35  * HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT
36  * LIABILITY, OR TORT (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY
37  * OUT OF THE USE OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF
38  * SUCH DAMAGE.
39  */
40 
41 #if 0
42 #ifndef lint
43 static char sccsid[] = "@(#)login.c	8.4 (Berkeley) 4/2/94";
44 #endif
45 #endif
46 
47 #include <sys/cdefs.h>
48 __FBSDID("$FreeBSD$");
49 
50 /*
51  * login [ name ]
52  * login -h hostname	(for telnetd, etc.)
53  * login -f name	(for pre-authenticated login: datakit, xterm, etc.)
54  */
55 
56 #include <sys/param.h>
57 #include <sys/file.h>
58 #include <sys/stat.h>
59 #include <sys/time.h>
60 #include <sys/resource.h>
61 #include <sys/wait.h>
62 
63 #include <err.h>
64 #include <errno.h>
65 #include <grp.h>
66 #include <libutil.h>
67 #include <login_cap.h>
68 #include <pwd.h>
69 #include <setjmp.h>
70 #include <signal.h>
71 #include <stdio.h>
72 #include <stdlib.h>
73 #include <string.h>
74 #include <syslog.h>
75 #include <ttyent.h>
76 #include <unistd.h>
77 
78 #include <security/pam_appl.h>
79 #include <security/openpam.h>
80 
81 #include "login.h"
82 #include "pathnames.h"
83 
84 static int		 auth_pam(void);
85 static void		 bail(int, int);
86 static int		 export(const char *);
87 static void		 export_pam_environment(void);
88 static int		 motd(const char *);
89 static void		 badlogin(char *);
90 static char		*getloginname(void);
91 static void		 pam_syslog(const char *);
92 static void		 pam_cleanup(void);
93 static void		 refused(const char *, const char *, int);
94 static const char	*stypeof(char *);
95 static void		 sigint(int);
96 static void		 timedout(int);
97 static void		 usage(void);
98 
99 #define	TTYGRPNAME		"tty"			/* group to own ttys */
100 #define	DEFAULT_BACKOFF		3
101 #define	DEFAULT_RETRIES		10
102 #define	DEFAULT_PROMPT		"login: "
103 #define	DEFAULT_PASSWD_PROMPT	"Password:"
104 #define	TERM_UNKNOWN		"su"
105 #define	DEFAULT_WARN		(2L * 7L * 86400L)	/* Two weeks */
106 #define NO_SLEEP_EXIT		0
107 #define SLEEP_EXIT		5
108 
109 /*
110  * This bounds the time given to login.  Not a define so it can
111  * be patched on machines where it's too small.
112  */
113 static u_int		timeout = 300;
114 
115 /* Buffer for signal handling of timeout */
116 static jmp_buf		 timeout_buf;
117 
118 struct passwd		*pwd;
119 static int		 failures;
120 
121 static char		*envinit[1];	/* empty environment list */
122 
123 /*
124  * Command line flags and arguments
125  */
126 static int		 fflag;		/* -f: do not perform authentication */
127 static int		 hflag;		/* -h: login from remote host */
128 static char		*hostname;	/* hostname from command line */
129 static int		 pflag;		/* -p: preserve environment */
130 
131 /*
132  * User name
133  */
134 static char		*username;	/* user name */
135 static char		*olduser;	/* previous user name */
136 
137 /*
138  * Prompts
139  */
140 static char		 default_prompt[] = DEFAULT_PROMPT;
141 static const char	*prompt;
142 static char		 default_passwd_prompt[] = DEFAULT_PASSWD_PROMPT;
143 static const char	*passwd_prompt;
144 
145 static char		*tty;
146 
147 /*
148  * PAM data
149  */
150 static pam_handle_t	*pamh = NULL;
151 static struct pam_conv	 pamc = { openpam_ttyconv, NULL };
152 static int		 pam_err;
153 static int		 pam_silent = PAM_SILENT;
154 static int		 pam_cred_established;
155 static int		 pam_session_established;
156 
157 int
158 main(int argc, char *argv[])
159 {
160 	struct group *gr;
161 	struct stat st;
162 	int retries, backoff;
163 	int ask, ch, cnt, quietlog, rootlogin, rval;
164 	uid_t uid, euid;
165 	gid_t egid;
166 	char *term;
167 	char *p, *ttyn;
168 	char tname[sizeof(_PATH_TTY) + 10];
169 	char *arg0;
170 	const char *tp;
171 	const char *shell = NULL;
172 	login_cap_t *lc = NULL;
173 	login_cap_t *lc_user = NULL;
174 	pid_t pid;
175 #ifdef USE_BSM_AUDIT
176 	char auditsuccess = 1;
177 #endif
178 
179 	(void)signal(SIGQUIT, SIG_IGN);
180 	(void)signal(SIGINT, SIG_IGN);
181 	(void)signal(SIGHUP, SIG_IGN);
182 	if (setjmp(timeout_buf)) {
183 		if (failures)
184 			badlogin(username);
185 		(void)fprintf(stderr, "Login timed out after %d seconds\n",
186 		    timeout);
187 		bail(NO_SLEEP_EXIT, 0);
188 	}
189 	(void)signal(SIGALRM, timedout);
190 	(void)alarm(timeout);
191 	(void)setpriority(PRIO_PROCESS, 0, 0);
192 
193 	openlog("login", LOG_ODELAY, LOG_AUTH);
194 
195 	uid = getuid();
196 	euid = geteuid();
197 	egid = getegid();
198 
199 	while ((ch = getopt(argc, argv, "fh:p")) != -1)
200 		switch (ch) {
201 		case 'f':
202 			fflag = 1;
203 			break;
204 		case 'h':
205 			if (uid != 0)
206 				errx(1, "-h option: %s", strerror(EPERM));
207 			if (strlen(optarg) >= MAXHOSTNAMELEN)
208 				errx(1, "-h option: %s: exceeds maximum "
209 				    "hostname size", optarg);
210 			hflag = 1;
211 			hostname = optarg;
212 			break;
213 		case 'p':
214 			pflag = 1;
215 			break;
216 		case '?':
217 		default:
218 			if (uid == 0)
219 				syslog(LOG_ERR, "invalid flag %c", ch);
220 			usage();
221 		}
222 	argc -= optind;
223 	argv += optind;
224 
225 	if (argc > 0) {
226 		username = strdup(*argv);
227 		if (username == NULL)
228 			err(1, "strdup()");
229 		ask = 0;
230 	} else {
231 		ask = 1;
232 	}
233 
234 	setproctitle("-%s", getprogname());
235 
236 	closefrom(3);
237 
238 	/*
239 	 * Get current TTY
240 	 */
241 	ttyn = ttyname(STDIN_FILENO);
242 	if (ttyn == NULL || *ttyn == '\0') {
243 		(void)snprintf(tname, sizeof(tname), "%s??", _PATH_TTY);
244 		ttyn = tname;
245 	}
246 	if (strncmp(ttyn, _PATH_DEV, sizeof _PATH_DEV - 1) == 0)
247 		tty = ttyn + sizeof _PATH_DEV - 1;
248 	else
249 		tty = ttyn;
250 
251 	/*
252 	 * Get "login-retries" & "login-backoff" from default class
253 	 */
254 	lc = login_getclass(NULL);
255 	prompt = login_getcapstr(lc, "login_prompt",
256 	    default_prompt, default_prompt);
257 	passwd_prompt = login_getcapstr(lc, "passwd_prompt",
258 	    default_passwd_prompt, default_passwd_prompt);
259 	retries = login_getcapnum(lc, "login-retries",
260 	    DEFAULT_RETRIES, DEFAULT_RETRIES);
261 	backoff = login_getcapnum(lc, "login-backoff",
262 	    DEFAULT_BACKOFF, DEFAULT_BACKOFF);
263 	login_close(lc);
264 	lc = NULL;
265 
266 	/*
267 	 * Try to authenticate the user until we succeed or time out.
268 	 */
269 	for (cnt = 0;; ask = 1) {
270 		if (ask) {
271 			fflag = 0;
272 			if (olduser != NULL)
273 				free(olduser);
274 			olduser = username;
275 			username = getloginname();
276 		}
277 		rootlogin = 0;
278 
279 		/*
280 		 * Note if trying multiple user names; log failures for
281 		 * previous user name, but don't bother logging one failure
282 		 * for nonexistent name (mistyped username).
283 		 */
284 		if (failures && strcmp(olduser, username) != 0) {
285 			if (failures > (pwd ? 0 : 1))
286 				badlogin(olduser);
287 		}
288 
289 		/*
290 		 * Load the PAM policy and set some variables
291 		 */
292 		pam_err = pam_start("login", username, &pamc, &pamh);
293 		if (pam_err != PAM_SUCCESS) {
294 			pam_syslog("pam_start()");
295 #ifdef USE_BSM_AUDIT
296 			au_login_fail("PAM Error", 1);
297 #endif
298 			bail(NO_SLEEP_EXIT, 1);
299 		}
300 		pam_err = pam_set_item(pamh, PAM_TTY, tty);
301 		if (pam_err != PAM_SUCCESS) {
302 			pam_syslog("pam_set_item(PAM_TTY)");
303 #ifdef USE_BSM_AUDIT
304 			au_login_fail("PAM Error", 1);
305 #endif
306 			bail(NO_SLEEP_EXIT, 1);
307 		}
308 		pam_err = pam_set_item(pamh, PAM_RHOST, hostname);
309 		if (pam_err != PAM_SUCCESS) {
310 			pam_syslog("pam_set_item(PAM_RHOST)");
311 #ifdef USE_BSM_AUDIT
312 			au_login_fail("PAM Error", 1);
313 #endif
314 			bail(NO_SLEEP_EXIT, 1);
315 		}
316 
317 		pwd = getpwnam(username);
318 		if (pwd != NULL && pwd->pw_uid == 0)
319 			rootlogin = 1;
320 
321 		/*
322 		 * If the -f option was specified and the caller is
323 		 * root or the caller isn't changing their uid, don't
324 		 * authenticate.
325 		 */
326 		if (pwd != NULL && fflag &&
327 		    (uid == (uid_t)0 || uid == (uid_t)pwd->pw_uid)) {
328 			/* already authenticated */
329 			rval = 0;
330 #ifdef USE_BSM_AUDIT
331 			auditsuccess = 0; /* opened a terminal window only */
332 #endif
333 		} else {
334 			fflag = 0;
335 			(void)setpriority(PRIO_PROCESS, 0, -4);
336 			rval = auth_pam();
337 			(void)setpriority(PRIO_PROCESS, 0, 0);
338 		}
339 
340 		if (pwd && rval == 0)
341 			break;
342 
343 		pam_cleanup();
344 
345 		/*
346 		 * We are not exiting here, but this corresponds to a failed
347 		 * login event, so set exitstatus to 1.
348 		 */
349 #ifdef USE_BSM_AUDIT
350 		au_login_fail("Login incorrect", 1);
351 #endif
352 
353 		(void)printf("Login incorrect\n");
354 		failures++;
355 
356 		pwd = NULL;
357 
358 		/*
359 		 * Allow up to 'retry' (10) attempts, but start
360 		 * backing off after 'backoff' (3) attempts.
361 		 */
362 		if (++cnt > backoff) {
363 			if (cnt >= retries) {
364 				badlogin(username);
365 				bail(SLEEP_EXIT, 1);
366 			}
367 			sleep((u_int)((cnt - backoff) * 5));
368 		}
369 	}
370 
371 	/* committed to login -- turn off timeout */
372 	(void)alarm((u_int)0);
373 	(void)signal(SIGHUP, SIG_DFL);
374 
375 	endpwent();
376 
377 #ifdef USE_BSM_AUDIT
378 	/* Audit successful login. */
379 	if (auditsuccess)
380 		au_login_success();
381 #endif
382 
383         /*
384          * This needs to happen before login_getpwclass to support
385          * home directories on GSS-API authenticated NFS where the
386          * kerberos credentials need to be saved so that the kernel
387          * can authenticate to the NFS server.
388          */
389 	pam_err = pam_setcred(pamh, pam_silent|PAM_ESTABLISH_CRED);
390 	if (pam_err != PAM_SUCCESS) {
391 		pam_syslog("pam_setcred()");
392 		bail(NO_SLEEP_EXIT, 1);
393 	}
394 	pam_cred_established = 1;
395 
396 	/*
397 	 * Establish the login class.
398 	 */
399 	lc = login_getpwclass(pwd);
400 	lc_user = login_getuserclass(pwd);
401 
402 	if (!(quietlog = login_getcapbool(lc_user, "hushlogin", 0)))
403 		quietlog = login_getcapbool(lc, "hushlogin", 0);
404 
405 	/*
406 	 * Switching needed for NFS with root access disabled.
407 	 *
408 	 * XXX: This change fails to modify the additional groups for the
409 	 * process, and as such, may restrict rights normally granted
410 	 * through those groups.
411 	 */
412 	(void)setegid(pwd->pw_gid);
413 	(void)seteuid(rootlogin ? 0 : pwd->pw_uid);
414 	if (!*pwd->pw_dir || chdir(pwd->pw_dir) < 0) {
415 		if (login_getcapbool(lc, "requirehome", 0))
416 			refused("Home directory not available", "HOMEDIR", 1);
417 		if (chdir("/") < 0)
418 			refused("Cannot find root directory", "ROOTDIR", 1);
419 		if (!quietlog || *pwd->pw_dir)
420 			printf("No home directory.\nLogging in with home = \"/\".\n");
421 		pwd->pw_dir = strdup("/");
422 		if (pwd->pw_dir == NULL) {
423 			syslog(LOG_NOTICE, "strdup(): %m");
424 			bail(SLEEP_EXIT, 1);
425 		}
426 	}
427 	(void)seteuid(euid);
428 	(void)setegid(egid);
429 	if (!quietlog) {
430 		quietlog = access(_PATH_HUSHLOGIN, F_OK) == 0;
431 		if (!quietlog)
432 			pam_silent = 0;
433 	}
434 
435 	shell = login_getcapstr(lc, "shell", pwd->pw_shell, pwd->pw_shell);
436 	if (*pwd->pw_shell == '\0')
437 		pwd->pw_shell = strdup(_PATH_BSHELL);
438 	if (pwd->pw_shell == NULL) {
439 		syslog(LOG_NOTICE, "strdup(): %m");
440 		bail(SLEEP_EXIT, 1);
441 	}
442 	if (*shell == '\0')   /* Not overridden */
443 		shell = pwd->pw_shell;
444 	if ((shell = strdup(shell)) == NULL) {
445 		syslog(LOG_NOTICE, "strdup(): %m");
446 		bail(SLEEP_EXIT, 1);
447 	}
448 
449 	/*
450 	 * Set device protections, depending on what terminal the
451 	 * user is logged in. This feature is used on Suns to give
452 	 * console users better privacy.
453 	 */
454 	login_fbtab(tty, pwd->pw_uid, pwd->pw_gid);
455 
456 	/*
457 	 * Clear flags of the tty.  None should be set, and when the
458 	 * user sets them otherwise, this can cause the chown to fail.
459 	 * Since it isn't clear that flags are useful on character
460 	 * devices, we just clear them.
461 	 *
462 	 * We don't log in the case of EOPNOTSUPP because dev might be
463 	 * on NFS, which doesn't support chflags.
464 	 *
465 	 * We don't log in the EROFS because that means that /dev is on
466 	 * a read only file system and we assume that the permissions there
467 	 * are sane.
468 	 */
469 	if (ttyn != tname && chflags(ttyn, 0))
470 		if (errno != EOPNOTSUPP && errno != EROFS)
471 			syslog(LOG_ERR, "chflags(%s): %m", ttyn);
472 	if (ttyn != tname && chown(ttyn, pwd->pw_uid,
473 	    (gr = getgrnam(TTYGRPNAME)) ? gr->gr_gid : pwd->pw_gid))
474 		if (errno != EROFS)
475 			syslog(LOG_ERR, "chown(%s): %m", ttyn);
476 
477 	/*
478 	 * Exclude cons/vt/ptys only, assume dialup otherwise
479 	 * TODO: Make dialup tty determination a library call
480 	 * for consistency (finger etc.)
481 	 */
482 	if (hflag && isdialuptty(tty))
483 		syslog(LOG_INFO, "DIALUP %s, %s", tty, pwd->pw_name);
484 
485 #ifdef LOGALL
486 	/*
487 	 * Syslog each successful login, so we don't have to watch
488 	 * hundreds of wtmp or lastlogin files.
489 	 */
490 	if (hflag)
491 		syslog(LOG_INFO, "login from %s on %s as %s",
492 		       hostname, tty, pwd->pw_name);
493 	else
494 		syslog(LOG_INFO, "login on %s as %s",
495 		       tty, pwd->pw_name);
496 #endif
497 
498 	/*
499 	 * If fflag is on, assume caller/authenticator has logged root
500 	 * login.
501 	 */
502 	if (rootlogin && fflag == 0) {
503 		if (hflag)
504 			syslog(LOG_NOTICE, "ROOT LOGIN (%s) ON %s FROM %s",
505 			    username, tty, hostname);
506 		else
507 			syslog(LOG_NOTICE, "ROOT LOGIN (%s) ON %s",
508 			    username, tty);
509 	}
510 
511 	/*
512 	 * Destroy environment unless user has requested its
513 	 * preservation - but preserve TERM in all cases
514 	 */
515 	term = getenv("TERM");
516 	if (!pflag)
517 		environ = envinit;
518 	if (term != NULL)
519 		setenv("TERM", term, 0);
520 
521 	/*
522 	 * PAM modules might add supplementary groups during pam_setcred().
523 	 */
524 	if (setusercontext(lc, pwd, pwd->pw_uid, LOGIN_SETGROUP) != 0) {
525 		syslog(LOG_ERR, "setusercontext() failed - exiting");
526 		bail(NO_SLEEP_EXIT, 1);
527 	}
528 
529 	pam_err = pam_setcred(pamh, pam_silent|PAM_REINITIALIZE_CRED);
530 	if (pam_err != PAM_SUCCESS) {
531 		pam_syslog("pam_setcred()");
532 		bail(NO_SLEEP_EXIT, 1);
533 	}
534 
535 	pam_err = pam_open_session(pamh, pam_silent);
536 	if (pam_err != PAM_SUCCESS) {
537 		pam_syslog("pam_open_session()");
538 		bail(NO_SLEEP_EXIT, 1);
539 	}
540 	pam_session_established = 1;
541 
542 	/*
543 	 * We must fork() before setuid() because we need to call
544 	 * pam_close_session() as root.
545 	 */
546 	pid = fork();
547 	if (pid < 0) {
548 		err(1, "fork");
549 	} else if (pid != 0) {
550 		/*
551 		 * Parent: wait for child to finish, then clean up
552 		 * session.
553 		 */
554 		int status;
555 		setproctitle("-%s [pam]", getprogname());
556 		waitpid(pid, &status, 0);
557 		bail(NO_SLEEP_EXIT, 0);
558 	}
559 
560 	/*
561 	 * NOTICE: We are now in the child process!
562 	 */
563 
564 	/*
565 	 * Add any environment variables the PAM modules may have set.
566 	 */
567 	export_pam_environment();
568 
569 	/*
570 	 * We're done with PAM now; our parent will deal with the rest.
571 	 */
572 	pam_end(pamh, 0);
573 	pamh = NULL;
574 
575 	/*
576 	 * We don't need to be root anymore, so set the login name and
577 	 * the UID.
578 	 */
579 	if (setlogin(username) != 0) {
580 		syslog(LOG_ERR, "setlogin(%s): %m - exiting", username);
581 		bail(NO_SLEEP_EXIT, 1);
582 	}
583 	if (setusercontext(lc, pwd, pwd->pw_uid,
584 	    LOGIN_SETALL & ~(LOGIN_SETLOGIN|LOGIN_SETGROUP)) != 0) {
585 		syslog(LOG_ERR, "setusercontext() failed - exiting");
586 		exit(1);
587 	}
588 
589 	(void)setenv("SHELL", pwd->pw_shell, 1);
590 	(void)setenv("HOME", pwd->pw_dir, 1);
591 	/* Overwrite "term" from login.conf(5) for any known TERM */
592 	if (term == NULL && (tp = stypeof(tty)) != NULL)
593 		(void)setenv("TERM", tp, 1);
594 	else
595 		(void)setenv("TERM", TERM_UNKNOWN, 0);
596 	(void)setenv("LOGNAME", username, 1);
597 	(void)setenv("USER", username, 1);
598 	(void)setenv("PATH", rootlogin ? _PATH_STDPATH : _PATH_DEFPATH, 0);
599 
600 	if (!quietlog) {
601 		const char *cw;
602 
603 		cw = login_getcapstr(lc, "welcome", NULL, NULL);
604 		if (cw != NULL && access(cw, F_OK) == 0)
605 			motd(cw);
606 		else
607 			motd(_PATH_MOTDFILE);
608 
609 		if (login_getcapbool(lc_user, "nocheckmail", 0) == 0 &&
610 		    login_getcapbool(lc, "nocheckmail", 0) == 0) {
611 			char *cx;
612 
613 			/* $MAIL may have been set by class. */
614 			cx = getenv("MAIL");
615 			if (cx == NULL) {
616 				asprintf(&cx, "%s/%s",
617 				    _PATH_MAILDIR, pwd->pw_name);
618 			}
619 			if (cx && stat(cx, &st) == 0 && st.st_size != 0)
620 				(void)printf("You have %smail.\n",
621 				    (st.st_mtime > st.st_atime) ? "new " : "");
622 			if (getenv("MAIL") == NULL)
623 				free(cx);
624 		}
625 	}
626 
627 	login_close(lc_user);
628 	login_close(lc);
629 
630 	(void)signal(SIGALRM, SIG_DFL);
631 	(void)signal(SIGQUIT, SIG_DFL);
632 	(void)signal(SIGINT, SIG_DFL);
633 	(void)signal(SIGTSTP, SIG_IGN);
634 
635 	/*
636 	 * Login shells have a leading '-' in front of argv[0]
637 	 */
638 	p = strrchr(pwd->pw_shell, '/');
639 	if (asprintf(&arg0, "-%s", p ? p + 1 : pwd->pw_shell) >= MAXPATHLEN) {
640 		syslog(LOG_ERR, "user: %s: shell exceeds maximum pathname size",
641 		    username);
642 		errx(1, "shell exceeds maximum pathname size");
643 	} else if (arg0 == NULL) {
644 		err(1, "asprintf()");
645 	}
646 
647 	execlp(shell, arg0, (char *)0);
648 	err(1, "%s", shell);
649 
650 	/*
651 	 * That's it, folks!
652 	 */
653 }
654 
655 /*
656  * Attempt to authenticate the user using PAM.  Returns 0 if the user is
657  * authenticated, or 1 if not authenticated.  If some sort of PAM system
658  * error occurs (e.g., the "/etc/pam.conf" file is missing) then this
659  * function returns -1.  This can be used as an indication that we should
660  * fall back to a different authentication mechanism.
661  */
662 static int
663 auth_pam(void)
664 {
665 	const char *tmpl_user;
666 	const void *item;
667 	int rval;
668 
669 	pam_err = pam_authenticate(pamh, pam_silent);
670 	switch (pam_err) {
671 
672 	case PAM_SUCCESS:
673 		/*
674 		 * With PAM we support the concept of a "template"
675 		 * user.  The user enters a login name which is
676 		 * authenticated by PAM, usually via a remote service
677 		 * such as RADIUS or TACACS+.  If authentication
678 		 * succeeds, a different but related "template" name
679 		 * is used for setting the credentials, shell, and
680 		 * home directory.  The name the user enters need only
681 		 * exist on the remote authentication server, but the
682 		 * template name must be present in the local password
683 		 * database.
684 		 *
685 		 * This is supported by two various mechanisms in the
686 		 * individual modules.  However, from the application's
687 		 * point of view, the template user is always passed
688 		 * back as a changed value of the PAM_USER item.
689 		 */
690 		pam_err = pam_get_item(pamh, PAM_USER, &item);
691 		if (pam_err == PAM_SUCCESS) {
692 			tmpl_user = (const char *)item;
693 			if (strcmp(username, tmpl_user) != 0)
694 				pwd = getpwnam(tmpl_user);
695 		} else {
696 			pam_syslog("pam_get_item(PAM_USER)");
697 		}
698 		rval = 0;
699 		break;
700 
701 	case PAM_AUTH_ERR:
702 	case PAM_USER_UNKNOWN:
703 	case PAM_MAXTRIES:
704 		rval = 1;
705 		break;
706 
707 	default:
708 		pam_syslog("pam_authenticate()");
709 		rval = -1;
710 		break;
711 	}
712 
713 	if (rval == 0) {
714 		pam_err = pam_acct_mgmt(pamh, pam_silent);
715 		switch (pam_err) {
716 		case PAM_SUCCESS:
717 			break;
718 		case PAM_NEW_AUTHTOK_REQD:
719 			pam_err = pam_chauthtok(pamh,
720 			    pam_silent|PAM_CHANGE_EXPIRED_AUTHTOK);
721 			if (pam_err != PAM_SUCCESS) {
722 				pam_syslog("pam_chauthtok()");
723 				rval = 1;
724 			}
725 			break;
726 		default:
727 			pam_syslog("pam_acct_mgmt()");
728 			rval = 1;
729 			break;
730 		}
731 	}
732 
733 	if (rval != 0) {
734 		pam_end(pamh, pam_err);
735 		pamh = NULL;
736 	}
737 	return (rval);
738 }
739 
740 /*
741  * Export any environment variables PAM modules may have set
742  */
743 static void
744 export_pam_environment(void)
745 {
746 	char **pam_env;
747 	char **pp;
748 
749 	pam_env = pam_getenvlist(pamh);
750 	if (pam_env != NULL) {
751 		for (pp = pam_env; *pp != NULL; pp++) {
752 			(void)export(*pp);
753 			free(*pp);
754 		}
755 	}
756 }
757 
758 /*
759  * Perform sanity checks on an environment variable:
760  * - Make sure there is an '=' in the string.
761  * - Make sure the string doesn't run on too long.
762  * - Do not export certain variables.  This list was taken from the
763  *   Solaris pam_putenv(3) man page.
764  * Then export it.
765  */
766 static int
767 export(const char *s)
768 {
769 	static const char *noexport[] = {
770 		"SHELL", "HOME", "LOGNAME", "MAIL", "CDPATH",
771 		"IFS", "PATH", NULL
772 	};
773 	char *p;
774 	const char **pp;
775 	size_t n;
776 
777 	if (strlen(s) > 1024 || (p = strchr(s, '=')) == NULL)
778 		return (0);
779 	if (strncmp(s, "LD_", 3) == 0)
780 		return (0);
781 	for (pp = noexport; *pp != NULL; pp++) {
782 		n = strlen(*pp);
783 		if (s[n] == '=' && strncmp(s, *pp, n) == 0)
784 			return (0);
785 	}
786 	*p = '\0';
787 	(void)setenv(s, p + 1, 1);
788 	*p = '=';
789 	return (1);
790 }
791 
792 static void
793 usage(void)
794 {
795 
796 	(void)fprintf(stderr, "usage: login [-fp] [-h hostname] [username]\n");
797 	exit(1);
798 }
799 
800 /*
801  * Prompt user and read login name from stdin.
802  */
803 static char *
804 getloginname(void)
805 {
806 	char *nbuf, *p;
807 	int ch;
808 
809 	nbuf = malloc(MAXLOGNAME);
810 	if (nbuf == NULL)
811 		err(1, "malloc()");
812 	do {
813 		(void)printf("%s", prompt);
814 		for (p = nbuf; (ch = getchar()) != '\n'; ) {
815 			if (ch == EOF) {
816 				badlogin(username);
817 				bail(NO_SLEEP_EXIT, 0);
818 			}
819 			if (p < nbuf + MAXLOGNAME - 1)
820 				*p++ = ch;
821 		}
822 	} while (p == nbuf);
823 
824 	*p = '\0';
825 	if (nbuf[0] == '-') {
826 		pam_silent = 0;
827 		memmove(nbuf, nbuf + 1, strlen(nbuf));
828 	} else {
829 		pam_silent = PAM_SILENT;
830 	}
831 	return nbuf;
832 }
833 
834 /*
835  * SIGINT handler for motd().
836  */
837 static volatile int motdinterrupt;
838 static void
839 sigint(int signo __unused)
840 {
841 	motdinterrupt = 1;
842 }
843 
844 /*
845  * Display the contents of a file (such as /etc/motd).
846  */
847 static int
848 motd(const char *motdfile)
849 {
850 	sig_t oldint;
851 	FILE *f;
852 	int ch;
853 
854 	if ((f = fopen(motdfile, "r")) == NULL)
855 		return (-1);
856 	motdinterrupt = 0;
857 	oldint = signal(SIGINT, sigint);
858 	while ((ch = fgetc(f)) != EOF && !motdinterrupt)
859 		putchar(ch);
860 	signal(SIGINT, oldint);
861 	if (ch != EOF || ferror(f)) {
862 		fclose(f);
863 		return (-1);
864 	}
865 	fclose(f);
866 	return (0);
867 }
868 
869 /*
870  * SIGALRM handler, to enforce login prompt timeout.
871  *
872  * XXX This can potentially confuse the hell out of PAM.  We should
873  * XXX instead implement a conversation function that returns
874  * XXX PAM_CONV_ERR when interrupted by a signal, and have the signal
875  * XXX handler just set a flag.
876  */
877 static void
878 timedout(int signo __unused)
879 {
880 
881 	longjmp(timeout_buf, signo);
882 }
883 
884 static void
885 badlogin(char *name)
886 {
887 
888 	if (failures == 0)
889 		return;
890 	if (hflag) {
891 		syslog(LOG_NOTICE, "%d LOGIN FAILURE%s FROM %s",
892 		    failures, failures > 1 ? "S" : "", hostname);
893 		syslog(LOG_AUTHPRIV|LOG_NOTICE,
894 		    "%d LOGIN FAILURE%s FROM %s, %s",
895 		    failures, failures > 1 ? "S" : "", hostname, name);
896 	} else {
897 		syslog(LOG_NOTICE, "%d LOGIN FAILURE%s ON %s",
898 		    failures, failures > 1 ? "S" : "", tty);
899 		syslog(LOG_AUTHPRIV|LOG_NOTICE,
900 		    "%d LOGIN FAILURE%s ON %s, %s",
901 		    failures, failures > 1 ? "S" : "", tty, name);
902 	}
903 	failures = 0;
904 }
905 
906 const char *
907 stypeof(char *ttyid)
908 {
909 	struct ttyent *t;
910 
911 	if (ttyid != NULL && *ttyid != '\0') {
912 		t = getttynam(ttyid);
913 		if (t != NULL && t->ty_type != NULL)
914 			return (t->ty_type);
915 	}
916 	return (NULL);
917 }
918 
919 static void
920 refused(const char *msg, const char *rtype, int lout)
921 {
922 
923 	if (msg != NULL)
924 	    printf("%s.\n", msg);
925 	if (hflag)
926 		syslog(LOG_NOTICE, "LOGIN %s REFUSED (%s) FROM %s ON TTY %s",
927 		    pwd->pw_name, rtype, hostname, tty);
928 	else
929 		syslog(LOG_NOTICE, "LOGIN %s REFUSED (%s) ON TTY %s",
930 		    pwd->pw_name, rtype, tty);
931 	if (lout)
932 		bail(SLEEP_EXIT, 1);
933 }
934 
935 /*
936  * Log a PAM error
937  */
938 static void
939 pam_syslog(const char *msg)
940 {
941 	syslog(LOG_ERR, "%s: %s", msg, pam_strerror(pamh, pam_err));
942 }
943 
944 /*
945  * Shut down PAM
946  */
947 static void
948 pam_cleanup(void)
949 {
950 
951 	if (pamh != NULL) {
952 		if (pam_session_established) {
953 			pam_err = pam_close_session(pamh, 0);
954 			if (pam_err != PAM_SUCCESS)
955 				pam_syslog("pam_close_session()");
956 		}
957 		pam_session_established = 0;
958 		if (pam_cred_established) {
959 			pam_err = pam_setcred(pamh, pam_silent|PAM_DELETE_CRED);
960 			if (pam_err != PAM_SUCCESS)
961 				pam_syslog("pam_setcred()");
962 		}
963 		pam_cred_established = 0;
964 		pam_end(pamh, pam_err);
965 		pamh = NULL;
966 	}
967 }
968 
969 /*
970  * Exit, optionally after sleeping a few seconds
971  */
972 void
973 bail(int sec, int eval)
974 {
975 
976 	pam_cleanup();
977 #ifdef USE_BSM_AUDIT
978 	if (pwd != NULL)
979 		audit_logout();
980 #endif
981 	(void)sleep(sec);
982 	exit(eval);
983 }
984