xref: /freebsd/usr.bin/login/login.c (revision 905571c0311920c9a0cde9c6632b52466b92903a)
1 /*-
2  * Copyright (c) 1980, 1987, 1988, 1991, 1993, 1994
3  *	The Regents of the University of California.  All rights reserved.
4  * Copyright (c) 2002 Networks Associates Technologies, Inc.
5  * All rights reserved.
6  *
7  * Portions of this software were developed for the FreeBSD Project by
8  * ThinkSec AS and NAI Labs, the Security Research Division of Network
9  * Associates, Inc.  under DARPA/SPAWAR contract N66001-01-C-8035
10  * ("CBOSS"), as part of the DARPA CHATS research program.
11  *
12  * Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
13  * modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions
14  * are met:
15  * 1. Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright
16  *    notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
17  * 2. Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above copyright
18  *    notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer in the
19  *    documentation and/or other materials provided with the distribution.
20  * 3. All advertising materials mentioning features or use of this software
21  *    must display the following acknowledgement:
22  *	This product includes software developed by the University of
23  *	California, Berkeley and its contributors.
24  * 4. Neither the name of the University nor the names of its contributors
25  *    may be used to endorse or promote products derived from this software
26  *    without specific prior written permission.
27  *
28  * THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE REGENTS AND CONTRIBUTORS ``AS IS'' AND
29  * ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, THE
30  * IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE
31  * ARE DISCLAIMED.  IN NO EVENT SHALL THE REGENTS OR CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE
32  * FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL, SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL
33  * DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS
34  * OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE, DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION)
35  * HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT
36  * LIABILITY, OR TORT (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY
37  * OUT OF THE USE OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF
38  * SUCH DAMAGE.
39  */
40 
41 #if 0
42 #ifndef lint
43 static char sccsid[] = "@(#)login.c	8.4 (Berkeley) 4/2/94";
44 #endif
45 #endif
46 
47 #include <sys/cdefs.h>
48 __FBSDID("$FreeBSD$");
49 
50 /*
51  * login [ name ]
52  * login -h hostname	(for telnetd, etc.)
53  * login -f name	(for pre-authenticated login: datakit, xterm, etc.)
54  */
55 
56 #include <sys/param.h>
57 #include <sys/file.h>
58 #include <sys/stat.h>
59 #include <sys/time.h>
60 #include <sys/resource.h>
61 #include <sys/wait.h>
62 
63 #include <err.h>
64 #include <errno.h>
65 #include <grp.h>
66 #include <libutil.h>
67 #include <login_cap.h>
68 #include <pwd.h>
69 #include <setjmp.h>
70 #include <signal.h>
71 #include <stdio.h>
72 #include <stdlib.h>
73 #include <string.h>
74 #include <syslog.h>
75 #include <ttyent.h>
76 #include <unistd.h>
77 
78 #include <security/pam_appl.h>
79 #include <security/openpam.h>
80 
81 #include "login.h"
82 #include "pathnames.h"
83 
84 static int		 auth_pam(void);
85 static void		 bail(int, int);
86 static int		 export(const char *);
87 static void		 export_pam_environment(void);
88 static int		 motd(const char *);
89 static void		 badlogin(char *);
90 static char		*getloginname(void);
91 static void		 pam_syslog(const char *);
92 static void		 pam_cleanup(void);
93 static void		 refused(const char *, const char *, int);
94 static const char	*stypeof(char *);
95 static void		 sigint(int);
96 static void		 timedout(int);
97 static void		 usage(void);
98 
99 #define	TTYGRPNAME		"tty"			/* group to own ttys */
100 #define	DEFAULT_BACKOFF		3
101 #define	DEFAULT_RETRIES		10
102 #define	DEFAULT_PROMPT		"login: "
103 #define	DEFAULT_PASSWD_PROMPT	"Password:"
104 #define	TERM_UNKNOWN		"su"
105 #define	DEFAULT_WARN		(2L * 7L * 86400L)	/* Two weeks */
106 #define NO_SLEEP_EXIT		0
107 #define SLEEP_EXIT		5
108 
109 /*
110  * This bounds the time given to login.  Not a define so it can
111  * be patched on machines where it's too small.
112  */
113 static u_int		timeout = 300;
114 
115 /* Buffer for signal handling of timeout */
116 static jmp_buf		 timeout_buf;
117 
118 struct passwd		*pwd;
119 static int		 failures;
120 
121 static char		*envinit[1];	/* empty environment list */
122 
123 /*
124  * Command line flags and arguments
125  */
126 static int		 fflag;		/* -f: do not perform authentication */
127 static int		 hflag;		/* -h: login from remote host */
128 static char		*hostname;	/* hostname from command line */
129 static int		 pflag;		/* -p: preserve environment */
130 
131 /*
132  * User name
133  */
134 static char		*username;	/* user name */
135 static char		*olduser;	/* previous user name */
136 
137 /*
138  * Prompts
139  */
140 static char		 default_prompt[] = DEFAULT_PROMPT;
141 static const char	*prompt;
142 static char		 default_passwd_prompt[] = DEFAULT_PASSWD_PROMPT;
143 static const char	*passwd_prompt;
144 
145 static char		*tty;
146 
147 /*
148  * PAM data
149  */
150 static pam_handle_t	*pamh = NULL;
151 static struct pam_conv	 pamc = { openpam_ttyconv, NULL };
152 static int		 pam_err;
153 static int		 pam_silent = PAM_SILENT;
154 static int		 pam_cred_established;
155 static int		 pam_session_established;
156 
157 int
158 main(int argc, char *argv[])
159 {
160 	struct group *gr;
161 	struct stat st;
162 	int retries, backoff;
163 	int ask, ch, cnt, quietlog, rootlogin, rval;
164 	uid_t uid, euid;
165 	gid_t egid;
166 	char *term;
167 	char *p, *ttyn;
168 	char tname[sizeof(_PATH_TTY) + 10];
169 	char *arg0;
170 	const char *tp;
171 	const char *shell = NULL;
172 	login_cap_t *lc = NULL;
173 	login_cap_t *lc_user = NULL;
174 	pid_t pid;
175 #ifdef USE_BSM_AUDIT
176 	char auditsuccess = 1;
177 #endif
178 
179 	(void)signal(SIGQUIT, SIG_IGN);
180 	(void)signal(SIGINT, SIG_IGN);
181 	(void)signal(SIGHUP, SIG_IGN);
182 	if (setjmp(timeout_buf)) {
183 		if (failures)
184 			badlogin(username);
185 		(void)fprintf(stderr, "Login timed out after %d seconds\n",
186 		    timeout);
187 		bail(NO_SLEEP_EXIT, 0);
188 	}
189 	(void)signal(SIGALRM, timedout);
190 	(void)alarm(timeout);
191 	(void)setpriority(PRIO_PROCESS, 0, 0);
192 
193 	openlog("login", LOG_ODELAY, LOG_AUTH);
194 
195 	uid = getuid();
196 	euid = geteuid();
197 	egid = getegid();
198 
199 	while ((ch = getopt(argc, argv, "fh:p")) != -1)
200 		switch (ch) {
201 		case 'f':
202 			fflag = 1;
203 			break;
204 		case 'h':
205 			if (uid != 0)
206 				errx(1, "-h option: %s", strerror(EPERM));
207 			if (strlen(optarg) >= MAXHOSTNAMELEN)
208 				errx(1, "-h option: %s: exceeds maximum "
209 				    "hostname size", optarg);
210 			hflag = 1;
211 			hostname = optarg;
212 			break;
213 		case 'p':
214 			pflag = 1;
215 			break;
216 		case '?':
217 		default:
218 			if (uid == 0)
219 				syslog(LOG_ERR, "invalid flag %c", ch);
220 			usage();
221 		}
222 	argc -= optind;
223 	argv += optind;
224 
225 	if (argc > 0) {
226 		username = strdup(*argv);
227 		if (username == NULL)
228 			err(1, "strdup()");
229 		ask = 0;
230 	} else {
231 		ask = 1;
232 	}
233 
234 	setproctitle("-%s", getprogname());
235 
236 	for (cnt = getdtablesize(); cnt > 2; cnt--)
237 		(void)close(cnt);
238 
239 	/*
240 	 * Get current TTY
241 	 */
242 	ttyn = ttyname(STDIN_FILENO);
243 	if (ttyn == NULL || *ttyn == '\0') {
244 		(void)snprintf(tname, sizeof(tname), "%s??", _PATH_TTY);
245 		ttyn = tname;
246 	}
247 	if (strncmp(ttyn, _PATH_DEV, sizeof _PATH_DEV - 1) == 0)
248 		tty = ttyn + sizeof _PATH_DEV - 1;
249 	else
250 		tty = ttyn;
251 
252 	/*
253 	 * Get "login-retries" & "login-backoff" from default class
254 	 */
255 	lc = login_getclass(NULL);
256 	prompt = login_getcapstr(lc, "login_prompt",
257 	    default_prompt, default_prompt);
258 	passwd_prompt = login_getcapstr(lc, "passwd_prompt",
259 	    default_passwd_prompt, default_passwd_prompt);
260 	retries = login_getcapnum(lc, "login-retries",
261 	    DEFAULT_RETRIES, DEFAULT_RETRIES);
262 	backoff = login_getcapnum(lc, "login-backoff",
263 	    DEFAULT_BACKOFF, DEFAULT_BACKOFF);
264 	login_close(lc);
265 	lc = NULL;
266 
267 	/*
268 	 * Try to authenticate the user until we succeed or time out.
269 	 */
270 	for (cnt = 0;; ask = 1) {
271 		if (ask) {
272 			fflag = 0;
273 			if (olduser != NULL)
274 				free(olduser);
275 			olduser = username;
276 			username = getloginname();
277 		}
278 		rootlogin = 0;
279 
280 		/*
281 		 * Note if trying multiple user names; log failures for
282 		 * previous user name, but don't bother logging one failure
283 		 * for nonexistent name (mistyped username).
284 		 */
285 		if (failures && strcmp(olduser, username) != 0) {
286 			if (failures > (pwd ? 0 : 1))
287 				badlogin(olduser);
288 		}
289 
290 		/*
291 		 * Load the PAM policy and set some variables
292 		 */
293 		pam_err = pam_start("login", username, &pamc, &pamh);
294 		if (pam_err != PAM_SUCCESS) {
295 			pam_syslog("pam_start()");
296 #ifdef USE_BSM_AUDIT
297 			au_login_fail("PAM Error", 1);
298 #endif
299 			bail(NO_SLEEP_EXIT, 1);
300 		}
301 		pam_err = pam_set_item(pamh, PAM_TTY, tty);
302 		if (pam_err != PAM_SUCCESS) {
303 			pam_syslog("pam_set_item(PAM_TTY)");
304 #ifdef USE_BSM_AUDIT
305 			au_login_fail("PAM Error", 1);
306 #endif
307 			bail(NO_SLEEP_EXIT, 1);
308 		}
309 		pam_err = pam_set_item(pamh, PAM_RHOST, hostname);
310 		if (pam_err != PAM_SUCCESS) {
311 			pam_syslog("pam_set_item(PAM_RHOST)");
312 #ifdef USE_BSM_AUDIT
313 			au_login_fail("PAM Error", 1);
314 #endif
315 			bail(NO_SLEEP_EXIT, 1);
316 		}
317 
318 		pwd = getpwnam(username);
319 		if (pwd != NULL && pwd->pw_uid == 0)
320 			rootlogin = 1;
321 
322 		/*
323 		 * If the -f option was specified and the caller is
324 		 * root or the caller isn't changing their uid, don't
325 		 * authenticate.
326 		 */
327 		if (pwd != NULL && fflag &&
328 		    (uid == (uid_t)0 || uid == (uid_t)pwd->pw_uid)) {
329 			/* already authenticated */
330 			rval = 0;
331 #ifdef USE_BSM_AUDIT
332 			auditsuccess = 0; /* opened a terminal window only */
333 #endif
334 		} else {
335 			fflag = 0;
336 			(void)setpriority(PRIO_PROCESS, 0, -4);
337 			rval = auth_pam();
338 			(void)setpriority(PRIO_PROCESS, 0, 0);
339 		}
340 
341 		if (pwd && rval == 0)
342 			break;
343 
344 		pam_cleanup();
345 
346 		/*
347 		 * We are not exiting here, but this corresponds to a failed
348 		 * login event, so set exitstatus to 1.
349 		 */
350 #ifdef USE_BSM_AUDIT
351 		au_login_fail("Login incorrect", 1);
352 #endif
353 
354 		(void)printf("Login incorrect\n");
355 		failures++;
356 
357 		pwd = NULL;
358 
359 		/*
360 		 * Allow up to 'retry' (10) attempts, but start
361 		 * backing off after 'backoff' (3) attempts.
362 		 */
363 		if (++cnt > backoff) {
364 			if (cnt >= retries) {
365 				badlogin(username);
366 				bail(SLEEP_EXIT, 1);
367 			}
368 			sleep((u_int)((cnt - backoff) * 5));
369 		}
370 	}
371 
372 	/* committed to login -- turn off timeout */
373 	(void)alarm((u_int)0);
374 	(void)signal(SIGHUP, SIG_DFL);
375 
376 	endpwent();
377 
378 #ifdef USE_BSM_AUDIT
379 	/* Audit successful login. */
380 	if (auditsuccess)
381 		au_login_success();
382 #endif
383 
384 	/*
385 	 * Establish the login class.
386 	 */
387 	lc = login_getpwclass(pwd);
388 	lc_user = login_getuserclass(pwd);
389 
390 	if (!(quietlog = login_getcapbool(lc_user, "hushlogin", 0)))
391 		quietlog = login_getcapbool(lc, "hushlogin", 0);
392 
393 	/*
394 	 * Switching needed for NFS with root access disabled.
395 	 *
396 	 * XXX: This change fails to modify the additional groups for the
397 	 * process, and as such, may restrict rights normally granted
398 	 * through those groups.
399 	 */
400 	(void)setegid(pwd->pw_gid);
401 	(void)seteuid(rootlogin ? 0 : pwd->pw_uid);
402 	if (!*pwd->pw_dir || chdir(pwd->pw_dir) < 0) {
403 		if (login_getcapbool(lc, "requirehome", 0))
404 			refused("Home directory not available", "HOMEDIR", 1);
405 		if (chdir("/") < 0)
406 			refused("Cannot find root directory", "ROOTDIR", 1);
407 		if (!quietlog || *pwd->pw_dir)
408 			printf("No home directory.\nLogging in with home = \"/\".\n");
409 		pwd->pw_dir = strdup("/");
410 		if (pwd->pw_dir == NULL) {
411 			syslog(LOG_NOTICE, "strdup(): %m");
412 			bail(SLEEP_EXIT, 1);
413 		}
414 	}
415 	(void)seteuid(euid);
416 	(void)setegid(egid);
417 	if (!quietlog) {
418 		quietlog = access(_PATH_HUSHLOGIN, F_OK) == 0;
419 		if (!quietlog)
420 			pam_silent = 0;
421 	}
422 
423 	shell = login_getcapstr(lc, "shell", pwd->pw_shell, pwd->pw_shell);
424 	if (*pwd->pw_shell == '\0')
425 		pwd->pw_shell = strdup(_PATH_BSHELL);
426 	if (pwd->pw_shell == NULL) {
427 		syslog(LOG_NOTICE, "strdup(): %m");
428 		bail(SLEEP_EXIT, 1);
429 	}
430 	if (*shell == '\0')   /* Not overridden */
431 		shell = pwd->pw_shell;
432 	if ((shell = strdup(shell)) == NULL) {
433 		syslog(LOG_NOTICE, "strdup(): %m");
434 		bail(SLEEP_EXIT, 1);
435 	}
436 
437 	/*
438 	 * Set device protections, depending on what terminal the
439 	 * user is logged in. This feature is used on Suns to give
440 	 * console users better privacy.
441 	 */
442 	login_fbtab(tty, pwd->pw_uid, pwd->pw_gid);
443 
444 	/*
445 	 * Clear flags of the tty.  None should be set, and when the
446 	 * user sets them otherwise, this can cause the chown to fail.
447 	 * Since it isn't clear that flags are useful on character
448 	 * devices, we just clear them.
449 	 *
450 	 * We don't log in the case of EOPNOTSUPP because dev might be
451 	 * on NFS, which doesn't support chflags.
452 	 *
453 	 * We don't log in the EROFS because that means that /dev is on
454 	 * a read only file system and we assume that the permissions there
455 	 * are sane.
456 	 */
457 	if (ttyn != tname && chflags(ttyn, 0))
458 		if (errno != EOPNOTSUPP && errno != EROFS)
459 			syslog(LOG_ERR, "chflags(%s): %m", ttyn);
460 	if (ttyn != tname && chown(ttyn, pwd->pw_uid,
461 	    (gr = getgrnam(TTYGRPNAME)) ? gr->gr_gid : pwd->pw_gid))
462 		if (errno != EROFS)
463 			syslog(LOG_ERR, "chown(%s): %m", ttyn);
464 
465 	/*
466 	 * Exclude cons/vt/ptys only, assume dialup otherwise
467 	 * TODO: Make dialup tty determination a library call
468 	 * for consistency (finger etc.)
469 	 */
470 	if (hflag && isdialuptty(tty))
471 		syslog(LOG_INFO, "DIALUP %s, %s", tty, pwd->pw_name);
472 
473 #ifdef LOGALL
474 	/*
475 	 * Syslog each successful login, so we don't have to watch
476 	 * hundreds of wtmp or lastlogin files.
477 	 */
478 	if (hflag)
479 		syslog(LOG_INFO, "login from %s on %s as %s",
480 		       hostname, tty, pwd->pw_name);
481 	else
482 		syslog(LOG_INFO, "login on %s as %s",
483 		       tty, pwd->pw_name);
484 #endif
485 
486 	/*
487 	 * If fflag is on, assume caller/authenticator has logged root
488 	 * login.
489 	 */
490 	if (rootlogin && fflag == 0) {
491 		if (hflag)
492 			syslog(LOG_NOTICE, "ROOT LOGIN (%s) ON %s FROM %s",
493 			    username, tty, hostname);
494 		else
495 			syslog(LOG_NOTICE, "ROOT LOGIN (%s) ON %s",
496 			    username, tty);
497 	}
498 
499 	/*
500 	 * Destroy environment unless user has requested its
501 	 * preservation - but preserve TERM in all cases
502 	 */
503 	term = getenv("TERM");
504 	if (!pflag)
505 		environ = envinit;
506 	if (term != NULL)
507 		setenv("TERM", term, 0);
508 
509 	/*
510 	 * PAM modules might add supplementary groups during pam_setcred().
511 	 */
512 	if (setusercontext(lc, pwd, pwd->pw_uid, LOGIN_SETGROUP) != 0) {
513 		syslog(LOG_ERR, "setusercontext() failed - exiting");
514 		bail(NO_SLEEP_EXIT, 1);
515 	}
516 
517 	pam_err = pam_setcred(pamh, pam_silent|PAM_ESTABLISH_CRED);
518 	if (pam_err != PAM_SUCCESS) {
519 		pam_syslog("pam_setcred()");
520 		bail(NO_SLEEP_EXIT, 1);
521 	}
522 	pam_cred_established = 1;
523 
524 	pam_err = pam_open_session(pamh, pam_silent);
525 	if (pam_err != PAM_SUCCESS) {
526 		pam_syslog("pam_open_session()");
527 		bail(NO_SLEEP_EXIT, 1);
528 	}
529 	pam_session_established = 1;
530 
531 	/*
532 	 * We must fork() before setuid() because we need to call
533 	 * pam_close_session() as root.
534 	 */
535 	pid = fork();
536 	if (pid < 0) {
537 		err(1, "fork");
538 	} else if (pid != 0) {
539 		/*
540 		 * Parent: wait for child to finish, then clean up
541 		 * session.
542 		 */
543 		int status;
544 		setproctitle("-%s [pam]", getprogname());
545 		waitpid(pid, &status, 0);
546 		bail(NO_SLEEP_EXIT, 0);
547 	}
548 
549 	/*
550 	 * NOTICE: We are now in the child process!
551 	 */
552 
553 	/*
554 	 * Add any environment variables the PAM modules may have set.
555 	 */
556 	export_pam_environment();
557 
558 	/*
559 	 * We're done with PAM now; our parent will deal with the rest.
560 	 */
561 	pam_end(pamh, 0);
562 	pamh = NULL;
563 
564 	/*
565 	 * We don't need to be root anymore, so set the login name and
566 	 * the UID.
567 	 */
568 	if (setlogin(username) != 0) {
569 		syslog(LOG_ERR, "setlogin(%s): %m - exiting", username);
570 		bail(NO_SLEEP_EXIT, 1);
571 	}
572 	if (setusercontext(lc, pwd, pwd->pw_uid,
573 	    LOGIN_SETALL & ~(LOGIN_SETLOGIN|LOGIN_SETGROUP)) != 0) {
574 		syslog(LOG_ERR, "setusercontext() failed - exiting");
575 		exit(1);
576 	}
577 
578 	(void)setenv("SHELL", pwd->pw_shell, 1);
579 	(void)setenv("HOME", pwd->pw_dir, 1);
580 	/* Overwrite "term" from login.conf(5) for any known TERM */
581 	if (term == NULL && (tp = stypeof(tty)) != NULL)
582 		(void)setenv("TERM", tp, 1);
583 	else
584 		(void)setenv("TERM", TERM_UNKNOWN, 0);
585 	(void)setenv("LOGNAME", username, 1);
586 	(void)setenv("USER", username, 1);
587 	(void)setenv("PATH", rootlogin ? _PATH_STDPATH : _PATH_DEFPATH, 0);
588 
589 	if (!quietlog) {
590 		const char *cw;
591 
592 		cw = login_getcapstr(lc, "welcome", NULL, NULL);
593 		if (cw != NULL && access(cw, F_OK) == 0)
594 			motd(cw);
595 		else
596 			motd(_PATH_MOTDFILE);
597 
598 		if (login_getcapbool(lc_user, "nocheckmail", 0) == 0 &&
599 		    login_getcapbool(lc, "nocheckmail", 0) == 0) {
600 			char *cx;
601 
602 			/* $MAIL may have been set by class. */
603 			cx = getenv("MAIL");
604 			if (cx == NULL) {
605 				asprintf(&cx, "%s/%s",
606 				    _PATH_MAILDIR, pwd->pw_name);
607 			}
608 			if (cx && stat(cx, &st) == 0 && st.st_size != 0)
609 				(void)printf("You have %smail.\n",
610 				    (st.st_mtime > st.st_atime) ? "new " : "");
611 			if (getenv("MAIL") == NULL)
612 				free(cx);
613 		}
614 	}
615 
616 	login_close(lc_user);
617 	login_close(lc);
618 
619 	(void)signal(SIGALRM, SIG_DFL);
620 	(void)signal(SIGQUIT, SIG_DFL);
621 	(void)signal(SIGINT, SIG_DFL);
622 	(void)signal(SIGTSTP, SIG_IGN);
623 
624 	/*
625 	 * Login shells have a leading '-' in front of argv[0]
626 	 */
627 	p = strrchr(pwd->pw_shell, '/');
628 	if (asprintf(&arg0, "-%s", p ? p + 1 : pwd->pw_shell) >= MAXPATHLEN) {
629 		syslog(LOG_ERR, "user: %s: shell exceeds maximum pathname size",
630 		    username);
631 		errx(1, "shell exceeds maximum pathname size");
632 	} else if (arg0 == NULL) {
633 		err(1, "asprintf()");
634 	}
635 
636 	execlp(shell, arg0, (char *)0);
637 	err(1, "%s", shell);
638 
639 	/*
640 	 * That's it, folks!
641 	 */
642 }
643 
644 /*
645  * Attempt to authenticate the user using PAM.  Returns 0 if the user is
646  * authenticated, or 1 if not authenticated.  If some sort of PAM system
647  * error occurs (e.g., the "/etc/pam.conf" file is missing) then this
648  * function returns -1.  This can be used as an indication that we should
649  * fall back to a different authentication mechanism.
650  */
651 static int
652 auth_pam(void)
653 {
654 	const char *tmpl_user;
655 	const void *item;
656 	int rval;
657 
658 	pam_err = pam_authenticate(pamh, pam_silent);
659 	switch (pam_err) {
660 
661 	case PAM_SUCCESS:
662 		/*
663 		 * With PAM we support the concept of a "template"
664 		 * user.  The user enters a login name which is
665 		 * authenticated by PAM, usually via a remote service
666 		 * such as RADIUS or TACACS+.  If authentication
667 		 * succeeds, a different but related "template" name
668 		 * is used for setting the credentials, shell, and
669 		 * home directory.  The name the user enters need only
670 		 * exist on the remote authentication server, but the
671 		 * template name must be present in the local password
672 		 * database.
673 		 *
674 		 * This is supported by two various mechanisms in the
675 		 * individual modules.  However, from the application's
676 		 * point of view, the template user is always passed
677 		 * back as a changed value of the PAM_USER item.
678 		 */
679 		pam_err = pam_get_item(pamh, PAM_USER, &item);
680 		if (pam_err == PAM_SUCCESS) {
681 			tmpl_user = (const char *)item;
682 			if (strcmp(username, tmpl_user) != 0)
683 				pwd = getpwnam(tmpl_user);
684 		} else {
685 			pam_syslog("pam_get_item(PAM_USER)");
686 		}
687 		rval = 0;
688 		break;
689 
690 	case PAM_AUTH_ERR:
691 	case PAM_USER_UNKNOWN:
692 	case PAM_MAXTRIES:
693 		rval = 1;
694 		break;
695 
696 	default:
697 		pam_syslog("pam_authenticate()");
698 		rval = -1;
699 		break;
700 	}
701 
702 	if (rval == 0) {
703 		pam_err = pam_acct_mgmt(pamh, pam_silent);
704 		switch (pam_err) {
705 		case PAM_SUCCESS:
706 			break;
707 		case PAM_NEW_AUTHTOK_REQD:
708 			pam_err = pam_chauthtok(pamh,
709 			    pam_silent|PAM_CHANGE_EXPIRED_AUTHTOK);
710 			if (pam_err != PAM_SUCCESS) {
711 				pam_syslog("pam_chauthtok()");
712 				rval = 1;
713 			}
714 			break;
715 		default:
716 			pam_syslog("pam_acct_mgmt()");
717 			rval = 1;
718 			break;
719 		}
720 	}
721 
722 	if (rval != 0) {
723 		pam_end(pamh, pam_err);
724 		pamh = NULL;
725 	}
726 	return (rval);
727 }
728 
729 /*
730  * Export any environment variables PAM modules may have set
731  */
732 static void
733 export_pam_environment(void)
734 {
735 	char **pam_env;
736 	char **pp;
737 
738 	pam_env = pam_getenvlist(pamh);
739 	if (pam_env != NULL) {
740 		for (pp = pam_env; *pp != NULL; pp++) {
741 			(void)export(*pp);
742 			free(*pp);
743 		}
744 	}
745 }
746 
747 /*
748  * Perform sanity checks on an environment variable:
749  * - Make sure there is an '=' in the string.
750  * - Make sure the string doesn't run on too long.
751  * - Do not export certain variables.  This list was taken from the
752  *   Solaris pam_putenv(3) man page.
753  * Then export it.
754  */
755 static int
756 export(const char *s)
757 {
758 	static const char *noexport[] = {
759 		"SHELL", "HOME", "LOGNAME", "MAIL", "CDPATH",
760 		"IFS", "PATH", NULL
761 	};
762 	char *p;
763 	const char **pp;
764 	size_t n;
765 
766 	if (strlen(s) > 1024 || (p = strchr(s, '=')) == NULL)
767 		return (0);
768 	if (strncmp(s, "LD_", 3) == 0)
769 		return (0);
770 	for (pp = noexport; *pp != NULL; pp++) {
771 		n = strlen(*pp);
772 		if (s[n] == '=' && strncmp(s, *pp, n) == 0)
773 			return (0);
774 	}
775 	*p = '\0';
776 	(void)setenv(s, p + 1, 1);
777 	*p = '=';
778 	return (1);
779 }
780 
781 static void
782 usage(void)
783 {
784 
785 	(void)fprintf(stderr, "usage: login [-fp] [-h hostname] [username]\n");
786 	exit(1);
787 }
788 
789 /*
790  * Prompt user and read login name from stdin.
791  */
792 static char *
793 getloginname(void)
794 {
795 	char *nbuf, *p;
796 	int ch;
797 
798 	nbuf = malloc(MAXLOGNAME);
799 	if (nbuf == NULL)
800 		err(1, "malloc()");
801 	do {
802 		(void)printf("%s", prompt);
803 		for (p = nbuf; (ch = getchar()) != '\n'; ) {
804 			if (ch == EOF) {
805 				badlogin(username);
806 				bail(NO_SLEEP_EXIT, 0);
807 			}
808 			if (p < nbuf + MAXLOGNAME - 1)
809 				*p++ = ch;
810 		}
811 	} while (p == nbuf);
812 
813 	*p = '\0';
814 	if (nbuf[0] == '-') {
815 		pam_silent = 0;
816 		memmove(nbuf, nbuf + 1, strlen(nbuf));
817 	} else {
818 		pam_silent = PAM_SILENT;
819 	}
820 	return nbuf;
821 }
822 
823 /*
824  * SIGINT handler for motd().
825  */
826 static volatile int motdinterrupt;
827 static void
828 sigint(int signo __unused)
829 {
830 	motdinterrupt = 1;
831 }
832 
833 /*
834  * Display the contents of a file (such as /etc/motd).
835  */
836 static int
837 motd(const char *motdfile)
838 {
839 	sig_t oldint;
840 	FILE *f;
841 	int ch;
842 
843 	if ((f = fopen(motdfile, "r")) == NULL)
844 		return (-1);
845 	motdinterrupt = 0;
846 	oldint = signal(SIGINT, sigint);
847 	while ((ch = fgetc(f)) != EOF && !motdinterrupt)
848 		putchar(ch);
849 	signal(SIGINT, oldint);
850 	if (ch != EOF || ferror(f)) {
851 		fclose(f);
852 		return (-1);
853 	}
854 	fclose(f);
855 	return (0);
856 }
857 
858 /*
859  * SIGALRM handler, to enforce login prompt timeout.
860  *
861  * XXX This can potentially confuse the hell out of PAM.  We should
862  * XXX instead implement a conversation function that returns
863  * XXX PAM_CONV_ERR when interrupted by a signal, and have the signal
864  * XXX handler just set a flag.
865  */
866 static void
867 timedout(int signo __unused)
868 {
869 
870 	longjmp(timeout_buf, signo);
871 }
872 
873 static void
874 badlogin(char *name)
875 {
876 
877 	if (failures == 0)
878 		return;
879 	if (hflag) {
880 		syslog(LOG_NOTICE, "%d LOGIN FAILURE%s FROM %s",
881 		    failures, failures > 1 ? "S" : "", hostname);
882 		syslog(LOG_AUTHPRIV|LOG_NOTICE,
883 		    "%d LOGIN FAILURE%s FROM %s, %s",
884 		    failures, failures > 1 ? "S" : "", hostname, name);
885 	} else {
886 		syslog(LOG_NOTICE, "%d LOGIN FAILURE%s ON %s",
887 		    failures, failures > 1 ? "S" : "", tty);
888 		syslog(LOG_AUTHPRIV|LOG_NOTICE,
889 		    "%d LOGIN FAILURE%s ON %s, %s",
890 		    failures, failures > 1 ? "S" : "", tty, name);
891 	}
892 	failures = 0;
893 }
894 
895 const char *
896 stypeof(char *ttyid)
897 {
898 	struct ttyent *t;
899 
900 	if (ttyid != NULL && *ttyid != '\0') {
901 		t = getttynam(ttyid);
902 		if (t != NULL && t->ty_type != NULL)
903 			return (t->ty_type);
904 	}
905 	return (NULL);
906 }
907 
908 static void
909 refused(const char *msg, const char *rtype, int lout)
910 {
911 
912 	if (msg != NULL)
913 	    printf("%s.\n", msg);
914 	if (hflag)
915 		syslog(LOG_NOTICE, "LOGIN %s REFUSED (%s) FROM %s ON TTY %s",
916 		    pwd->pw_name, rtype, hostname, tty);
917 	else
918 		syslog(LOG_NOTICE, "LOGIN %s REFUSED (%s) ON TTY %s",
919 		    pwd->pw_name, rtype, tty);
920 	if (lout)
921 		bail(SLEEP_EXIT, 1);
922 }
923 
924 /*
925  * Log a PAM error
926  */
927 static void
928 pam_syslog(const char *msg)
929 {
930 	syslog(LOG_ERR, "%s: %s", msg, pam_strerror(pamh, pam_err));
931 }
932 
933 /*
934  * Shut down PAM
935  */
936 static void
937 pam_cleanup(void)
938 {
939 
940 	if (pamh != NULL) {
941 		if (pam_session_established) {
942 			pam_err = pam_close_session(pamh, 0);
943 			if (pam_err != PAM_SUCCESS)
944 				pam_syslog("pam_close_session()");
945 		}
946 		pam_session_established = 0;
947 		if (pam_cred_established) {
948 			pam_err = pam_setcred(pamh, pam_silent|PAM_DELETE_CRED);
949 			if (pam_err != PAM_SUCCESS)
950 				pam_syslog("pam_setcred()");
951 		}
952 		pam_cred_established = 0;
953 		pam_end(pamh, pam_err);
954 		pamh = NULL;
955 	}
956 }
957 
958 /*
959  * Exit, optionally after sleeping a few seconds
960  */
961 void
962 bail(int sec, int eval)
963 {
964 
965 	pam_cleanup();
966 #ifdef USE_BSM_AUDIT
967 	if (pwd != NULL)
968 		audit_logout();
969 #endif
970 	(void)sleep(sec);
971 	exit(eval);
972 }
973