xref: /freebsd/usr.bin/login/login.c (revision 84e51a1b679bececc13cbe3cd3cb9b7d461b9fe7)
1 /*-
2  * Copyright (c) 1980, 1987, 1988, 1991, 1993, 1994
3  *	The Regents of the University of California.  All rights reserved.
4  * Copyright (c) 2002 Networks Associates Technologies, Inc.
5  * All rights reserved.
6  *
7  * Portions of this software were developed for the FreeBSD Project by
8  * ThinkSec AS and NAI Labs, the Security Research Division of Network
9  * Associates, Inc.  under DARPA/SPAWAR contract N66001-01-C-8035
10  * ("CBOSS"), as part of the DARPA CHATS research program.
11  *
12  * Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
13  * modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions
14  * are met:
15  * 1. Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright
16  *    notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
17  * 2. Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above copyright
18  *    notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer in the
19  *    documentation and/or other materials provided with the distribution.
20  * 3. All advertising materials mentioning features or use of this software
21  *    must display the following acknowledgement:
22  *	This product includes software developed by the University of
23  *	California, Berkeley and its contributors.
24  * 4. Neither the name of the University nor the names of its contributors
25  *    may be used to endorse or promote products derived from this software
26  *    without specific prior written permission.
27  *
28  * THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE REGENTS AND CONTRIBUTORS ``AS IS'' AND
29  * ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, THE
30  * IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE
31  * ARE DISCLAIMED.  IN NO EVENT SHALL THE REGENTS OR CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE
32  * FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL, SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL
33  * DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS
34  * OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE, DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION)
35  * HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT
36  * LIABILITY, OR TORT (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY
37  * OUT OF THE USE OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF
38  * SUCH DAMAGE.
39  */
40 
41 #if 0
42 #ifndef lint
43 static char sccsid[] = "@(#)login.c	8.4 (Berkeley) 4/2/94";
44 #endif
45 #endif
46 
47 #include <sys/cdefs.h>
48 __FBSDID("$FreeBSD$");
49 
50 /*
51  * login [ name ]
52  * login -h hostname	(for telnetd, etc.)
53  * login -f name	(for pre-authenticated login: datakit, xterm, etc.)
54  */
55 
56 #include <sys/param.h>
57 #include <sys/file.h>
58 #include <sys/stat.h>
59 #include <sys/time.h>
60 #include <sys/resource.h>
61 #include <sys/wait.h>
62 
63 #include <err.h>
64 #include <errno.h>
65 #include <grp.h>
66 #include <libutil.h>
67 #include <login_cap.h>
68 #include <pwd.h>
69 #include <setjmp.h>
70 #include <signal.h>
71 #include <stdio.h>
72 #include <stdlib.h>
73 #include <string.h>
74 #include <syslog.h>
75 #include <ttyent.h>
76 #include <unistd.h>
77 
78 #include <security/pam_appl.h>
79 #include <security/openpam.h>
80 
81 #include "login.h"
82 #include "pathnames.h"
83 
84 static int		 auth_pam(void);
85 static void		 bail(int, int);
86 static void		 bail_internal(int, int, int);
87 static int		 export(const char *);
88 static void		 export_pam_environment(void);
89 static int		 motd(const char *);
90 static void		 badlogin(char *);
91 static char		*getloginname(void);
92 static void		 pam_syslog(const char *);
93 static void		 pam_cleanup(void);
94 static void		 refused(const char *, const char *, int);
95 static const char	*stypeof(char *);
96 static void		 sigint(int);
97 static void		 timedout(int);
98 static void		 bail_sig(int);
99 static void		 usage(void);
100 
101 #define	TTYGRPNAME		"tty"			/* group to own ttys */
102 #define	DEFAULT_BACKOFF		3
103 #define	DEFAULT_RETRIES		10
104 #define	DEFAULT_PROMPT		"login: "
105 #define	DEFAULT_PASSWD_PROMPT	"Password:"
106 #define	TERM_UNKNOWN		"su"
107 #define	DEFAULT_WARN		(2L * 7L * 86400L)	/* Two weeks */
108 #define	NO_SLEEP_EXIT		0
109 #define	SLEEP_EXIT		5
110 
111 /*
112  * This bounds the time given to login.  Not a define so it can
113  * be patched on machines where it's too small.
114  */
115 static u_int		timeout = 300;
116 
117 /* Buffer for signal handling of timeout */
118 static jmp_buf		 timeout_buf;
119 
120 struct passwd		*pwd;
121 static int		 failures;
122 
123 static char		*envinit[1];	/* empty environment list */
124 
125 /*
126  * Command line flags and arguments
127  */
128 static int		 fflag;		/* -f: do not perform authentication */
129 static int		 hflag;		/* -h: login from remote host */
130 static char		*hostname;	/* hostname from command line */
131 static int		 pflag;		/* -p: preserve environment */
132 
133 /*
134  * User name
135  */
136 static char		*username;	/* user name */
137 static char		*olduser;	/* previous user name */
138 
139 /*
140  * Prompts
141  */
142 static char		 default_prompt[] = DEFAULT_PROMPT;
143 static const char	*prompt;
144 static char		 default_passwd_prompt[] = DEFAULT_PASSWD_PROMPT;
145 static const char	*passwd_prompt;
146 
147 static char		*tty;
148 
149 /*
150  * PAM data
151  */
152 static pam_handle_t	*pamh = NULL;
153 static struct pam_conv	 pamc = { openpam_ttyconv, NULL };
154 static int		 pam_err;
155 static int		 pam_silent = PAM_SILENT;
156 static int		 pam_cred_established;
157 static int		 pam_session_established;
158 
159 int
160 main(int argc, char *argv[])
161 {
162 	struct group *gr;
163 	struct stat st;
164 	int retries, backoff;
165 	int ask, ch, cnt, quietlog, rootlogin, rval;
166 	uid_t uid, euid;
167 	gid_t egid;
168 	char *term;
169 	char *p, *ttyn;
170 	char tname[sizeof(_PATH_TTY) + 10];
171 	char *arg0;
172 	const char *tp;
173 	const char *shell = NULL;
174 	login_cap_t *lc = NULL;
175 	login_cap_t *lc_user = NULL;
176 	pid_t pid;
177 	sigset_t mask, omask;
178 	struct sigaction sa;
179 #ifdef USE_BSM_AUDIT
180 	char auditsuccess = 1;
181 #endif
182 
183 	sa.sa_flags = SA_RESTART;
184 	(void)sigfillset(&sa.sa_mask);
185 	sa.sa_handler = SIG_IGN;
186 	(void)sigaction(SIGQUIT, &sa, NULL);
187 	(void)sigaction(SIGINT, &sa, NULL);
188 	(void)sigaction(SIGHUP, &sa, NULL);
189 	if (setjmp(timeout_buf)) {
190 		if (failures)
191 			badlogin(username);
192 		(void)fprintf(stderr, "Login timed out after %d seconds\n",
193 		    timeout);
194 		bail(NO_SLEEP_EXIT, 0);
195 	}
196 	sa.sa_handler = timedout;
197 	(void)sigaction(SIGALRM, &sa, NULL);
198 	(void)alarm(timeout);
199 	(void)setpriority(PRIO_PROCESS, 0, 0);
200 
201 	openlog("login", LOG_ODELAY, LOG_AUTH);
202 
203 	uid = getuid();
204 	euid = geteuid();
205 	egid = getegid();
206 
207 	while ((ch = getopt(argc, argv, "fh:p")) != -1)
208 		switch (ch) {
209 		case 'f':
210 			fflag = 1;
211 			break;
212 		case 'h':
213 			if (uid != 0)
214 				errx(1, "-h option: %s", strerror(EPERM));
215 			if (strlen(optarg) >= MAXHOSTNAMELEN)
216 				errx(1, "-h option: %s: exceeds maximum "
217 				    "hostname size", optarg);
218 			hflag = 1;
219 			hostname = optarg;
220 			break;
221 		case 'p':
222 			pflag = 1;
223 			break;
224 		case '?':
225 		default:
226 			if (uid == 0)
227 				syslog(LOG_ERR, "invalid flag %c", ch);
228 			usage();
229 		}
230 	argc -= optind;
231 	argv += optind;
232 
233 	if (argc > 0) {
234 		username = strdup(*argv);
235 		if (username == NULL)
236 			err(1, "strdup()");
237 		ask = 0;
238 	} else {
239 		ask = 1;
240 	}
241 
242 	setproctitle("-%s", getprogname());
243 
244 	closefrom(3);
245 
246 	/*
247 	 * Get current TTY
248 	 */
249 	ttyn = ttyname(STDIN_FILENO);
250 	if (ttyn == NULL || *ttyn == '\0') {
251 		(void)snprintf(tname, sizeof(tname), "%s??", _PATH_TTY);
252 		ttyn = tname;
253 	}
254 	if (strncmp(ttyn, _PATH_DEV, sizeof _PATH_DEV - 1) == 0)
255 		tty = ttyn + sizeof _PATH_DEV - 1;
256 	else
257 		tty = ttyn;
258 
259 	/*
260 	 * Get "login-retries" & "login-backoff" from default class
261 	 */
262 	lc = login_getclass(NULL);
263 	prompt = login_getcapstr(lc, "login_prompt",
264 	    default_prompt, default_prompt);
265 	passwd_prompt = login_getcapstr(lc, "passwd_prompt",
266 	    default_passwd_prompt, default_passwd_prompt);
267 	retries = login_getcapnum(lc, "login-retries",
268 	    DEFAULT_RETRIES, DEFAULT_RETRIES);
269 	backoff = login_getcapnum(lc, "login-backoff",
270 	    DEFAULT_BACKOFF, DEFAULT_BACKOFF);
271 	login_close(lc);
272 	lc = NULL;
273 
274 	/*
275 	 * Try to authenticate the user until we succeed or time out.
276 	 */
277 	for (cnt = 0;; ask = 1) {
278 		if (ask) {
279 			fflag = 0;
280 			if (olduser != NULL)
281 				free(olduser);
282 			olduser = username;
283 			username = getloginname();
284 		}
285 		rootlogin = 0;
286 
287 		/*
288 		 * Note if trying multiple user names; log failures for
289 		 * previous user name, but don't bother logging one failure
290 		 * for nonexistent name (mistyped username).
291 		 */
292 		if (failures && strcmp(olduser, username) != 0) {
293 			if (failures > (pwd ? 0 : 1))
294 				badlogin(olduser);
295 		}
296 
297 		/*
298 		 * Load the PAM policy and set some variables
299 		 */
300 		pam_err = pam_start("login", username, &pamc, &pamh);
301 		if (pam_err != PAM_SUCCESS) {
302 			pam_syslog("pam_start()");
303 #ifdef USE_BSM_AUDIT
304 			au_login_fail("PAM Error", 1);
305 #endif
306 			bail(NO_SLEEP_EXIT, 1);
307 		}
308 		pam_err = pam_set_item(pamh, PAM_TTY, tty);
309 		if (pam_err != PAM_SUCCESS) {
310 			pam_syslog("pam_set_item(PAM_TTY)");
311 #ifdef USE_BSM_AUDIT
312 			au_login_fail("PAM Error", 1);
313 #endif
314 			bail(NO_SLEEP_EXIT, 1);
315 		}
316 		pam_err = pam_set_item(pamh, PAM_RHOST, hostname);
317 		if (pam_err != PAM_SUCCESS) {
318 			pam_syslog("pam_set_item(PAM_RHOST)");
319 #ifdef USE_BSM_AUDIT
320 			au_login_fail("PAM Error", 1);
321 #endif
322 			bail(NO_SLEEP_EXIT, 1);
323 		}
324 
325 		pwd = getpwnam(username);
326 		if (pwd != NULL && pwd->pw_uid == 0)
327 			rootlogin = 1;
328 
329 		/*
330 		 * If the -f option was specified and the caller is
331 		 * root or the caller isn't changing their uid, don't
332 		 * authenticate.
333 		 */
334 		if (pwd != NULL && fflag &&
335 		    (uid == (uid_t)0 || uid == (uid_t)pwd->pw_uid)) {
336 			/* already authenticated */
337 			rval = 0;
338 #ifdef USE_BSM_AUDIT
339 			auditsuccess = 0; /* opened a terminal window only */
340 #endif
341 		} else {
342 			fflag = 0;
343 			(void)setpriority(PRIO_PROCESS, 0, -4);
344 			rval = auth_pam();
345 			(void)setpriority(PRIO_PROCESS, 0, 0);
346 		}
347 
348 		if (pwd && rval == 0)
349 			break;
350 
351 		pam_cleanup();
352 
353 		/*
354 		 * We are not exiting here, but this corresponds to a failed
355 		 * login event, so set exitstatus to 1.
356 		 */
357 #ifdef USE_BSM_AUDIT
358 		au_login_fail("Login incorrect", 1);
359 #endif
360 
361 		(void)printf("Login incorrect\n");
362 		failures++;
363 
364 		pwd = NULL;
365 
366 		/*
367 		 * Allow up to 'retry' (10) attempts, but start
368 		 * backing off after 'backoff' (3) attempts.
369 		 */
370 		if (++cnt > backoff) {
371 			if (cnt >= retries) {
372 				badlogin(username);
373 				bail(SLEEP_EXIT, 1);
374 			}
375 			sleep((u_int)((cnt - backoff) * 5));
376 		}
377 	}
378 
379 	/* committed to login -- turn off timeout */
380 	(void)alarm((u_int)0);
381 
382 	(void)sigemptyset(&mask);
383 	(void)sigaddset(&mask, SIGHUP);
384 	(void)sigaddset(&mask, SIGTERM);
385 	(void)sigprocmask(SIG_BLOCK, &mask, &omask);
386 	sa.sa_handler = bail_sig;
387 	(void)sigaction(SIGHUP, &sa, NULL);
388 	(void)sigaction(SIGTERM, &sa, NULL);
389 
390 	endpwent();
391 
392 #ifdef USE_BSM_AUDIT
393 	/* Audit successful login. */
394 	if (auditsuccess)
395 		au_login_success();
396 #endif
397 
398 	/*
399 	 * This needs to happen before login_getpwclass to support
400 	 * home directories on GSS-API authenticated NFS where the
401 	 * kerberos credentials need to be saved so that the kernel
402 	 * can authenticate to the NFS server.
403 	 */
404 	pam_err = pam_setcred(pamh, pam_silent|PAM_ESTABLISH_CRED);
405 	if (pam_err != PAM_SUCCESS) {
406 		pam_syslog("pam_setcred()");
407 		bail(NO_SLEEP_EXIT, 1);
408 	}
409 	pam_cred_established = 1;
410 
411 	/*
412 	 * Establish the login class.
413 	 */
414 	lc = login_getpwclass(pwd);
415 	lc_user = login_getuserclass(pwd);
416 
417 	if (!(quietlog = login_getcapbool(lc_user, "hushlogin", 0)))
418 		quietlog = login_getcapbool(lc, "hushlogin", 0);
419 
420 	/*
421 	 * Switching needed for NFS with root access disabled.
422 	 *
423 	 * XXX: This change fails to modify the additional groups for the
424 	 * process, and as such, may restrict rights normally granted
425 	 * through those groups.
426 	 */
427 	(void)setegid(pwd->pw_gid);
428 	(void)seteuid(rootlogin ? 0 : pwd->pw_uid);
429 	if (!*pwd->pw_dir || chdir(pwd->pw_dir) < 0) {
430 		if (login_getcapbool(lc, "requirehome", 0))
431 			refused("Home directory not available", "HOMEDIR", 1);
432 		if (chdir("/") < 0)
433 			refused("Cannot find root directory", "ROOTDIR", 1);
434 		if (!quietlog || *pwd->pw_dir)
435 			printf("No home directory.\nLogging in with home = \"/\".\n");
436 		pwd->pw_dir = strdup("/");
437 		if (pwd->pw_dir == NULL) {
438 			syslog(LOG_NOTICE, "strdup(): %m");
439 			bail(SLEEP_EXIT, 1);
440 		}
441 	}
442 	(void)seteuid(euid);
443 	(void)setegid(egid);
444 	if (!quietlog) {
445 		quietlog = access(_PATH_HUSHLOGIN, F_OK) == 0;
446 		if (!quietlog)
447 			pam_silent = 0;
448 	}
449 
450 	shell = login_getcapstr(lc, "shell", pwd->pw_shell, pwd->pw_shell);
451 	if (*pwd->pw_shell == '\0')
452 		pwd->pw_shell = strdup(_PATH_BSHELL);
453 	if (pwd->pw_shell == NULL) {
454 		syslog(LOG_NOTICE, "strdup(): %m");
455 		bail(SLEEP_EXIT, 1);
456 	}
457 	if (*shell == '\0')   /* Not overridden */
458 		shell = pwd->pw_shell;
459 	if ((shell = strdup(shell)) == NULL) {
460 		syslog(LOG_NOTICE, "strdup(): %m");
461 		bail(SLEEP_EXIT, 1);
462 	}
463 
464 	/*
465 	 * Set device protections, depending on what terminal the
466 	 * user is logged in. This feature is used on Suns to give
467 	 * console users better privacy.
468 	 */
469 	login_fbtab(tty, pwd->pw_uid, pwd->pw_gid);
470 
471 	/*
472 	 * Clear flags of the tty.  None should be set, and when the
473 	 * user sets them otherwise, this can cause the chown to fail.
474 	 * Since it isn't clear that flags are useful on character
475 	 * devices, we just clear them.
476 	 *
477 	 * We don't log in the case of EOPNOTSUPP because dev might be
478 	 * on NFS, which doesn't support chflags.
479 	 *
480 	 * We don't log in the EROFS because that means that /dev is on
481 	 * a read only file system and we assume that the permissions there
482 	 * are sane.
483 	 */
484 	if (ttyn != tname && chflags(ttyn, 0))
485 		if (errno != EOPNOTSUPP && errno != EROFS)
486 			syslog(LOG_ERR, "chflags(%s): %m", ttyn);
487 	if (ttyn != tname && chown(ttyn, pwd->pw_uid,
488 	    (gr = getgrnam(TTYGRPNAME)) ? gr->gr_gid : pwd->pw_gid))
489 		if (errno != EROFS)
490 			syslog(LOG_ERR, "chown(%s): %m", ttyn);
491 
492 #ifdef LOGALL
493 	/*
494 	 * Syslog each successful login, so we don't have to watch
495 	 * hundreds of wtmp or lastlogin files.
496 	 */
497 	if (hflag)
498 		syslog(LOG_INFO, "login from %s on %s as %s",
499 		       hostname, tty, pwd->pw_name);
500 	else
501 		syslog(LOG_INFO, "login on %s as %s",
502 		       tty, pwd->pw_name);
503 #endif
504 
505 	/*
506 	 * If fflag is on, assume caller/authenticator has logged root
507 	 * login.
508 	 */
509 	if (rootlogin && fflag == 0) {
510 		if (hflag)
511 			syslog(LOG_NOTICE, "ROOT LOGIN (%s) ON %s FROM %s",
512 			    username, tty, hostname);
513 		else
514 			syslog(LOG_NOTICE, "ROOT LOGIN (%s) ON %s",
515 			    username, tty);
516 	}
517 
518 	/*
519 	 * Destroy environment unless user has requested its
520 	 * preservation - but preserve TERM in all cases
521 	 */
522 	term = getenv("TERM");
523 	if (!pflag)
524 		environ = envinit;
525 	if (term != NULL)
526 		setenv("TERM", term, 0);
527 
528 	/*
529 	 * PAM modules might add supplementary groups during pam_setcred().
530 	 */
531 	if (setusercontext(lc, pwd, pwd->pw_uid, LOGIN_SETGROUP) != 0) {
532 		syslog(LOG_ERR, "setusercontext() failed - exiting");
533 		bail(NO_SLEEP_EXIT, 1);
534 	}
535 
536 	pam_err = pam_setcred(pamh, pam_silent|PAM_REINITIALIZE_CRED);
537 	if (pam_err != PAM_SUCCESS) {
538 		pam_syslog("pam_setcred()");
539 		bail(NO_SLEEP_EXIT, 1);
540 	}
541 
542 	pam_err = pam_open_session(pamh, pam_silent);
543 	if (pam_err != PAM_SUCCESS) {
544 		pam_syslog("pam_open_session()");
545 		bail(NO_SLEEP_EXIT, 1);
546 	}
547 	pam_session_established = 1;
548 
549 	/*
550 	 * We must fork() before setuid() because we need to call
551 	 * pam_close_session() as root.
552 	 */
553 	pid = fork();
554 	if (pid < 0) {
555 		err(1, "fork");
556 	} else if (pid != 0) {
557 		/*
558 		 * Parent: wait for child to finish, then clean up
559 		 * session.
560 		 *
561 		 * If we get SIGHUP or SIGTERM, clean up the session
562 		 * and exit right away. This will make the terminal
563 		 * inaccessible and send SIGHUP to the foreground
564 		 * process group.
565 		 */
566 		int status;
567 		setproctitle("-%s [pam]", getprogname());
568 		(void)sigprocmask(SIG_SETMASK, &omask, NULL);
569 		waitpid(pid, &status, 0);
570 		(void)sigprocmask(SIG_BLOCK, &mask, NULL);
571 		bail(NO_SLEEP_EXIT, 0);
572 	}
573 
574 	/*
575 	 * NOTICE: We are now in the child process!
576 	 */
577 
578 	/*
579 	 * Add any environment variables the PAM modules may have set.
580 	 */
581 	export_pam_environment();
582 
583 	/*
584 	 * We're done with PAM now; our parent will deal with the rest.
585 	 */
586 	pam_end(pamh, 0);
587 	pamh = NULL;
588 
589 	/*
590 	 * We don't need to be root anymore, so set the login name and
591 	 * the UID.
592 	 */
593 	if (setlogin(username) != 0) {
594 		syslog(LOG_ERR, "setlogin(%s): %m - exiting", username);
595 		bail(NO_SLEEP_EXIT, 1);
596 	}
597 	if (setusercontext(lc, pwd, pwd->pw_uid,
598 	    LOGIN_SETALL & ~(LOGIN_SETLOGIN|LOGIN_SETGROUP)) != 0) {
599 		syslog(LOG_ERR, "setusercontext() failed - exiting");
600 		exit(1);
601 	}
602 
603 	(void)setenv("SHELL", pwd->pw_shell, 1);
604 	(void)setenv("HOME", pwd->pw_dir, 1);
605 	/* Overwrite "term" from login.conf(5) for any known TERM */
606 	if (term == NULL && (tp = stypeof(tty)) != NULL)
607 		(void)setenv("TERM", tp, 1);
608 	else
609 		(void)setenv("TERM", TERM_UNKNOWN, 0);
610 	(void)setenv("LOGNAME", username, 1);
611 	(void)setenv("USER", username, 1);
612 	(void)setenv("PATH", rootlogin ? _PATH_STDPATH : _PATH_DEFPATH, 0);
613 
614 	if (!quietlog) {
615 		const char *cw;
616 
617 		cw = login_getcapstr(lc, "welcome", NULL, NULL);
618 		if (cw != NULL && access(cw, F_OK) == 0)
619 			motd(cw);
620 		else
621 			motd(_PATH_MOTDFILE);
622 
623 		if (login_getcapbool(lc_user, "nocheckmail", 0) == 0 &&
624 		    login_getcapbool(lc, "nocheckmail", 0) == 0) {
625 			char *cx;
626 
627 			/* $MAIL may have been set by class. */
628 			cx = getenv("MAIL");
629 			if (cx == NULL) {
630 				asprintf(&cx, "%s/%s",
631 				    _PATH_MAILDIR, pwd->pw_name);
632 			}
633 			if (cx && stat(cx, &st) == 0 && st.st_size != 0)
634 				(void)printf("You have %smail.\n",
635 				    (st.st_mtime > st.st_atime) ? "new " : "");
636 			if (getenv("MAIL") == NULL)
637 				free(cx);
638 		}
639 	}
640 
641 	login_close(lc_user);
642 	login_close(lc);
643 
644 	sa.sa_handler = SIG_DFL;
645 	(void)sigaction(SIGALRM, &sa, NULL);
646 	(void)sigaction(SIGQUIT, &sa, NULL);
647 	(void)sigaction(SIGINT, &sa, NULL);
648 	(void)sigaction(SIGTERM, &sa, NULL);
649 	(void)sigaction(SIGHUP, &sa, NULL);
650 	sa.sa_handler = SIG_IGN;
651 	(void)sigaction(SIGTSTP, &sa, NULL);
652 	(void)sigprocmask(SIG_SETMASK, &omask, NULL);
653 
654 	/*
655 	 * Login shells have a leading '-' in front of argv[0]
656 	 */
657 	p = strrchr(pwd->pw_shell, '/');
658 	if (asprintf(&arg0, "-%s", p ? p + 1 : pwd->pw_shell) >= MAXPATHLEN) {
659 		syslog(LOG_ERR, "user: %s: shell exceeds maximum pathname size",
660 		    username);
661 		errx(1, "shell exceeds maximum pathname size");
662 	} else if (arg0 == NULL) {
663 		err(1, "asprintf()");
664 	}
665 
666 	execlp(shell, arg0, (char *)0);
667 	err(1, "%s", shell);
668 
669 	/*
670 	 * That's it, folks!
671 	 */
672 }
673 
674 /*
675  * Attempt to authenticate the user using PAM.  Returns 0 if the user is
676  * authenticated, or 1 if not authenticated.  If some sort of PAM system
677  * error occurs (e.g., the "/etc/pam.conf" file is missing) then this
678  * function returns -1.  This can be used as an indication that we should
679  * fall back to a different authentication mechanism.
680  */
681 static int
682 auth_pam(void)
683 {
684 	const char *tmpl_user;
685 	const void *item;
686 	int rval;
687 
688 	pam_err = pam_authenticate(pamh, pam_silent);
689 	switch (pam_err) {
690 
691 	case PAM_SUCCESS:
692 		/*
693 		 * With PAM we support the concept of a "template"
694 		 * user.  The user enters a login name which is
695 		 * authenticated by PAM, usually via a remote service
696 		 * such as RADIUS or TACACS+.  If authentication
697 		 * succeeds, a different but related "template" name
698 		 * is used for setting the credentials, shell, and
699 		 * home directory.  The name the user enters need only
700 		 * exist on the remote authentication server, but the
701 		 * template name must be present in the local password
702 		 * database.
703 		 *
704 		 * This is supported by two various mechanisms in the
705 		 * individual modules.  However, from the application's
706 		 * point of view, the template user is always passed
707 		 * back as a changed value of the PAM_USER item.
708 		 */
709 		pam_err = pam_get_item(pamh, PAM_USER, &item);
710 		if (pam_err == PAM_SUCCESS) {
711 			tmpl_user = (const char *)item;
712 			if (strcmp(username, tmpl_user) != 0)
713 				pwd = getpwnam(tmpl_user);
714 		} else {
715 			pam_syslog("pam_get_item(PAM_USER)");
716 		}
717 		rval = 0;
718 		break;
719 
720 	case PAM_AUTH_ERR:
721 	case PAM_USER_UNKNOWN:
722 	case PAM_MAXTRIES:
723 		rval = 1;
724 		break;
725 
726 	default:
727 		pam_syslog("pam_authenticate()");
728 		rval = -1;
729 		break;
730 	}
731 
732 	if (rval == 0) {
733 		pam_err = pam_acct_mgmt(pamh, pam_silent);
734 		switch (pam_err) {
735 		case PAM_SUCCESS:
736 			break;
737 		case PAM_NEW_AUTHTOK_REQD:
738 			pam_err = pam_chauthtok(pamh,
739 			    pam_silent|PAM_CHANGE_EXPIRED_AUTHTOK);
740 			if (pam_err != PAM_SUCCESS) {
741 				pam_syslog("pam_chauthtok()");
742 				rval = 1;
743 			}
744 			break;
745 		default:
746 			pam_syslog("pam_acct_mgmt()");
747 			rval = 1;
748 			break;
749 		}
750 	}
751 
752 	if (rval != 0) {
753 		pam_end(pamh, pam_err);
754 		pamh = NULL;
755 	}
756 	return (rval);
757 }
758 
759 /*
760  * Export any environment variables PAM modules may have set
761  */
762 static void
763 export_pam_environment(void)
764 {
765 	char **pam_env;
766 	char **pp;
767 
768 	pam_env = pam_getenvlist(pamh);
769 	if (pam_env != NULL) {
770 		for (pp = pam_env; *pp != NULL; pp++) {
771 			(void)export(*pp);
772 			free(*pp);
773 		}
774 	}
775 }
776 
777 /*
778  * Perform sanity checks on an environment variable:
779  * - Make sure there is an '=' in the string.
780  * - Make sure the string doesn't run on too long.
781  * - Do not export certain variables.  This list was taken from the
782  *   Solaris pam_putenv(3) man page.
783  * Then export it.
784  */
785 static int
786 export(const char *s)
787 {
788 	static const char *noexport[] = {
789 		"SHELL", "HOME", "LOGNAME", "MAIL", "CDPATH",
790 		"IFS", "PATH", NULL
791 	};
792 	char *p;
793 	const char **pp;
794 	size_t n;
795 
796 	if (strlen(s) > 1024 || (p = strchr(s, '=')) == NULL)
797 		return (0);
798 	if (strncmp(s, "LD_", 3) == 0)
799 		return (0);
800 	for (pp = noexport; *pp != NULL; pp++) {
801 		n = strlen(*pp);
802 		if (s[n] == '=' && strncmp(s, *pp, n) == 0)
803 			return (0);
804 	}
805 	*p = '\0';
806 	(void)setenv(s, p + 1, 1);
807 	*p = '=';
808 	return (1);
809 }
810 
811 static void
812 usage(void)
813 {
814 
815 	(void)fprintf(stderr, "usage: login [-fp] [-h hostname] [username]\n");
816 	exit(1);
817 }
818 
819 /*
820  * Prompt user and read login name from stdin.
821  */
822 static char *
823 getloginname(void)
824 {
825 	char *nbuf, *p;
826 	int ch;
827 
828 	nbuf = malloc(MAXLOGNAME);
829 	if (nbuf == NULL)
830 		err(1, "malloc()");
831 	do {
832 		(void)printf("%s", prompt);
833 		for (p = nbuf; (ch = getchar()) != '\n'; ) {
834 			if (ch == EOF) {
835 				badlogin(username);
836 				bail(NO_SLEEP_EXIT, 0);
837 			}
838 			if (p < nbuf + MAXLOGNAME - 1)
839 				*p++ = ch;
840 		}
841 	} while (p == nbuf);
842 
843 	*p = '\0';
844 	if (nbuf[0] == '-') {
845 		pam_silent = 0;
846 		memmove(nbuf, nbuf + 1, strlen(nbuf));
847 	} else {
848 		pam_silent = PAM_SILENT;
849 	}
850 	return nbuf;
851 }
852 
853 /*
854  * SIGINT handler for motd().
855  */
856 static volatile int motdinterrupt;
857 static void
858 sigint(int signo __unused)
859 {
860 	motdinterrupt = 1;
861 }
862 
863 /*
864  * Display the contents of a file (such as /etc/motd).
865  */
866 static int
867 motd(const char *motdfile)
868 {
869 	struct sigaction newint, oldint;
870 	FILE *f;
871 	int ch;
872 
873 	if ((f = fopen(motdfile, "r")) == NULL)
874 		return (-1);
875 	motdinterrupt = 0;
876 	newint.sa_handler = sigint;
877 	newint.sa_flags = 0;
878 	sigfillset(&newint.sa_mask);
879 	sigaction(SIGINT, &newint, &oldint);
880 	while ((ch = fgetc(f)) != EOF && !motdinterrupt)
881 		putchar(ch);
882 	sigaction(SIGINT, &oldint, NULL);
883 	if (ch != EOF || ferror(f)) {
884 		fclose(f);
885 		return (-1);
886 	}
887 	fclose(f);
888 	return (0);
889 }
890 
891 /*
892  * SIGALRM handler, to enforce login prompt timeout.
893  *
894  * XXX This can potentially confuse the hell out of PAM.  We should
895  * XXX instead implement a conversation function that returns
896  * XXX PAM_CONV_ERR when interrupted by a signal, and have the signal
897  * XXX handler just set a flag.
898  */
899 static void
900 timedout(int signo __unused)
901 {
902 
903 	longjmp(timeout_buf, signo);
904 }
905 
906 static void
907 badlogin(char *name)
908 {
909 
910 	if (failures == 0)
911 		return;
912 	if (hflag) {
913 		syslog(LOG_NOTICE, "%d LOGIN FAILURE%s FROM %s",
914 		    failures, failures > 1 ? "S" : "", hostname);
915 		syslog(LOG_AUTHPRIV|LOG_NOTICE,
916 		    "%d LOGIN FAILURE%s FROM %s, %s",
917 		    failures, failures > 1 ? "S" : "", hostname, name);
918 	} else {
919 		syslog(LOG_NOTICE, "%d LOGIN FAILURE%s ON %s",
920 		    failures, failures > 1 ? "S" : "", tty);
921 		syslog(LOG_AUTHPRIV|LOG_NOTICE,
922 		    "%d LOGIN FAILURE%s ON %s, %s",
923 		    failures, failures > 1 ? "S" : "", tty, name);
924 	}
925 	failures = 0;
926 }
927 
928 const char *
929 stypeof(char *ttyid)
930 {
931 	struct ttyent *t;
932 
933 	if (ttyid != NULL && *ttyid != '\0') {
934 		t = getttynam(ttyid);
935 		if (t != NULL && t->ty_type != NULL)
936 			return (t->ty_type);
937 	}
938 	return (NULL);
939 }
940 
941 static void
942 refused(const char *msg, const char *rtype, int lout)
943 {
944 
945 	if (msg != NULL)
946 	    printf("%s.\n", msg);
947 	if (hflag)
948 		syslog(LOG_NOTICE, "LOGIN %s REFUSED (%s) FROM %s ON TTY %s",
949 		    pwd->pw_name, rtype, hostname, tty);
950 	else
951 		syslog(LOG_NOTICE, "LOGIN %s REFUSED (%s) ON TTY %s",
952 		    pwd->pw_name, rtype, tty);
953 	if (lout)
954 		bail(SLEEP_EXIT, 1);
955 }
956 
957 /*
958  * Log a PAM error
959  */
960 static void
961 pam_syslog(const char *msg)
962 {
963 	syslog(LOG_ERR, "%s: %s", msg, pam_strerror(pamh, pam_err));
964 }
965 
966 /*
967  * Shut down PAM
968  */
969 static void
970 pam_cleanup(void)
971 {
972 
973 	if (pamh != NULL) {
974 		if (pam_session_established) {
975 			pam_err = pam_close_session(pamh, 0);
976 			if (pam_err != PAM_SUCCESS)
977 				pam_syslog("pam_close_session()");
978 		}
979 		pam_session_established = 0;
980 		if (pam_cred_established) {
981 			pam_err = pam_setcred(pamh, pam_silent|PAM_DELETE_CRED);
982 			if (pam_err != PAM_SUCCESS)
983 				pam_syslog("pam_setcred()");
984 		}
985 		pam_cred_established = 0;
986 		pam_end(pamh, pam_err);
987 		pamh = NULL;
988 	}
989 }
990 
991 static void
992 bail_internal(int sec, int eval, int signo)
993 {
994 	struct sigaction sa;
995 
996 	pam_cleanup();
997 #ifdef USE_BSM_AUDIT
998 	if (pwd != NULL)
999 		audit_logout();
1000 #endif
1001 	(void)sleep(sec);
1002 	if (signo == 0)
1003 		exit(eval);
1004 	else {
1005 		sa.sa_handler = SIG_DFL;
1006 		sa.sa_flags = 0;
1007 		(void)sigemptyset(&sa.sa_mask);
1008 		(void)sigaction(signo, &sa, NULL);
1009 		(void)sigaddset(&sa.sa_mask, signo);
1010 		(void)sigprocmask(SIG_UNBLOCK, &sa.sa_mask, NULL);
1011 		raise(signo);
1012 		exit(128 + signo);
1013 	}
1014 }
1015 
1016 /*
1017  * Exit, optionally after sleeping a few seconds
1018  */
1019 static void
1020 bail(int sec, int eval)
1021 {
1022 	bail_internal(sec, eval, 0);
1023 }
1024 
1025 /*
1026  * Exit because of a signal.
1027  * This is not async-signal safe, so only call async-signal safe functions
1028  * while the signal is unmasked.
1029  */
1030 static void
1031 bail_sig(int signo)
1032 {
1033 	bail_internal(NO_SLEEP_EXIT, 0, signo);
1034 }
1035