xref: /freebsd/usr.bin/login/login.c (revision 83274713b2184ba28d2dd144b93b91c007f41bcc)
1 /*-
2  * Copyright (c) 1980, 1987, 1988, 1991, 1993, 1994
3  *	The Regents of the University of California.  All rights reserved.
4  *
5  * Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
6  * modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions
7  * are met:
8  * 1. Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright
9  *    notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
10  * 2. Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above copyright
11  *    notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer in the
12  *    documentation and/or other materials provided with the distribution.
13  * 3. All advertising materials mentioning features or use of this software
14  *    must display the following acknowledgement:
15  *	This product includes software developed by the University of
16  *	California, Berkeley and its contributors.
17  * 4. Neither the name of the University nor the names of its contributors
18  *    may be used to endorse or promote products derived from this software
19  *    without specific prior written permission.
20  *
21  * THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE REGENTS AND CONTRIBUTORS ``AS IS'' AND
22  * ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, THE
23  * IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE
24  * ARE DISCLAIMED.  IN NO EVENT SHALL THE REGENTS OR CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE
25  * FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL, SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL
26  * DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS
27  * OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE, DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION)
28  * HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT
29  * LIABILITY, OR TORT (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY
30  * OUT OF THE USE OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF
31  * SUCH DAMAGE.
32  */
33 
34 #ifndef lint
35 static char copyright[] =
36 "@(#) Copyright (c) 1980, 1987, 1988, 1991, 1993, 1994\n\
37 	The Regents of the University of California.  All rights reserved.\n";
38 #endif /* not lint */
39 
40 #ifndef lint
41 static char sccsid[] = "@(#)login.c	8.4 (Berkeley) 4/2/94";
42 #endif /* not lint */
43 
44 /*
45  * login [ name ]
46  * login -h hostname	(for telnetd, etc.)
47  * login -f name	(for pre-authenticated login: datakit, xterm, etc.)
48  */
49 
50 #include <sys/param.h>
51 #include <sys/stat.h>
52 #include <sys/time.h>
53 #include <sys/resource.h>
54 #include <sys/file.h>
55 
56 #include <err.h>
57 #include <errno.h>
58 #include <grp.h>
59 #include <pwd.h>
60 #include <setjmp.h>
61 #include <signal.h>
62 #include <stdio.h>
63 #include <stdlib.h>
64 #include <string.h>
65 #include <syslog.h>
66 #include <ttyent.h>
67 #include <tzfile.h>
68 #include <unistd.h>
69 #include <utmp.h>
70 
71 #include "pathnames.h"
72 
73 void	 badlogin __P((char *));
74 void	 checknologin __P((void));
75 void	 dolastlog __P((int));
76 void	 getloginname __P((void));
77 void	 motd __P((void));
78 void	 change_passwd __P((void));
79 int	 rootterm __P((char *));
80 void	 sigint __P((int));
81 void	 sleepexit __P((int));
82 char	*stypeof __P((char *));
83 void	 timedout __P((int));
84 void     login_fbtab __P((char *, uid_t, gid_t));
85 #ifdef KERBEROS
86 int	 klogin __P((struct passwd *, char *, char *, char *));
87 #endif
88 
89 extern void login __P((struct utmp *));
90 
91 #define	TTYGRPNAME	"tty"		/* name of group to own ttys */
92 
93 /*
94  * This bounds the time given to login.  Not a define so it can
95  * be patched on machines where it's too small.
96  */
97 u_int	timeout = 300;
98 
99 #ifdef KERBEROS
100 int	notickets = 1;
101 char	*instance;
102 char	*krbtkfile_env;
103 int	authok;
104 #endif
105 
106 struct	passwd *pwd;
107 int	failures;
108 char	term[64], *envinit[1], *hostname, *username, *tty;
109 
110 int
111 main(argc, argv)
112 	int argc;
113 	char *argv[];
114 {
115 	extern char **environ;
116 	struct group *gr;
117 	struct stat st;
118 	struct timeval tp;
119 	struct utmp utmp;
120 	int ask, ch, cnt, fflag, hflag, pflag, quietlog, rootlogin, rval;
121 	uid_t uid;
122 	char *domain, *p, *salt, *ttyn;
123 	char tbuf[MAXPATHLEN + 2], tname[sizeof(_PATH_TTY) + 10];
124 	char localhost[MAXHOSTNAMELEN];
125 
126 	(void)signal(SIGALRM, timedout);
127 	(void)alarm(timeout);
128 	(void)signal(SIGQUIT, SIG_IGN);
129 	(void)signal(SIGINT, SIG_IGN);
130 	(void)setpriority(PRIO_PROCESS, 0, 0);
131 
132 	openlog("login", LOG_ODELAY, LOG_AUTH);
133 
134 	/*
135 	 * -p is used by getty to tell login not to destroy the environment
136 	 * -f is used to skip a second login authentication
137 	 * -h is used by other servers to pass the name of the remote
138 	 *    host to login so that it may be placed in utmp and wtmp
139 	 */
140 	domain = NULL;
141 	if (gethostname(localhost, sizeof(localhost)) < 0)
142 		syslog(LOG_ERR, "couldn't get local hostname: %m");
143 	else
144 		domain = strchr(localhost, '.');
145 
146 	fflag = hflag = pflag = 0;
147 	uid = getuid();
148 	while ((ch = getopt(argc, argv, "fh:p")) != EOF)
149 		switch (ch) {
150 		case 'f':
151 			fflag = 1;
152 			break;
153 		case 'h':
154 			if (uid)
155 				errx(1, "-h option: %s", strerror(EPERM));
156 			hflag = 1;
157 			if (domain && (p = strchr(optarg, '.')) &&
158 			    strcasecmp(p, domain) == 0)
159 				*p = 0;
160 			hostname = optarg;
161 			break;
162 		case 'p':
163 			pflag = 1;
164 			break;
165 		case '?':
166 		default:
167 			if (!uid)
168 				syslog(LOG_ERR, "invalid flag %c", ch);
169 			(void)fprintf(stderr,
170 			    "usage: login [-fp] [-h hostname] [username]\n");
171 			exit(1);
172 		}
173 	argc -= optind;
174 	argv += optind;
175 
176 	if (*argv) {
177 		username = *argv;
178 		ask = 0;
179 	} else
180 		ask = 1;
181 
182 	for (cnt = getdtablesize(); cnt > 2; cnt--)
183 		(void)close(cnt);
184 
185 	ttyn = ttyname(STDIN_FILENO);
186 	if (ttyn == NULL || *ttyn == '\0') {
187 		(void)snprintf(tname, sizeof(tname), "%s??", _PATH_TTY);
188 		ttyn = tname;
189 	}
190 	if (tty = strrchr(ttyn, '/'))
191 		++tty;
192 	else
193 		tty = ttyn;
194 
195 	for (cnt = 0;; ask = 1) {
196 		if (ask) {
197 			fflag = 0;
198 			getloginname();
199 		}
200 		rootlogin = 0;
201 #ifdef	KERBEROS
202 		if ((instance = strchr(username, '.')) != NULL) {
203 			if (strncmp(instance, ".root", 5) == 0)
204 				rootlogin = 1;
205 			*instance++ = '\0';
206 		} else
207 			instance = "";
208 #endif
209 		if (strlen(username) > UT_NAMESIZE)
210 			username[UT_NAMESIZE] = '\0';
211 
212 		/*
213 		 * Note if trying multiple user names; log failures for
214 		 * previous user name, but don't bother logging one failure
215 		 * for nonexistent name (mistyped username).
216 		 */
217 		if (failures && strcmp(tbuf, username)) {
218 			if (failures > (pwd ? 0 : 1))
219 				badlogin(tbuf);
220 			failures = 0;
221 		}
222 		(void)strcpy(tbuf, username);
223 
224 		if (pwd = getpwnam(username))
225 			salt = pwd->pw_passwd;
226 		else
227 			salt = "xx";
228 
229 		/*
230 		 * if we have a valid account name, and it doesn't have a
231 		 * password, or the -f option was specified and the caller
232 		 * is root or the caller isn't changing their uid, don't
233 		 * authenticate.
234 		 */
235 		if (pwd && (*pwd->pw_passwd == '\0' ||
236 		    fflag && (uid == 0 || uid == pwd->pw_uid)))
237 			break;
238 		fflag = 0;
239 		if (pwd && pwd->pw_uid == 0)
240 			rootlogin = 1;
241 
242 		(void)setpriority(PRIO_PROCESS, 0, -4);
243 
244 		p = getpass("Password:");
245 
246 		if (pwd) {
247 #ifdef KERBEROS
248 			rval = klogin(pwd, instance, localhost, p);
249 			if (rval != 0 && rootlogin && pwd->pw_uid != 0)
250 				rootlogin = 0;
251 			if (rval == 0)
252 				authok = 1;
253 			else if (rval == 1)
254 				rval = strcmp(crypt(p, salt), pwd->pw_passwd);
255 #else
256 			rval = strcmp(crypt(p, salt), pwd->pw_passwd);
257 #endif
258 		}
259 		memset(p, 0, strlen(p));
260 
261 		(void)setpriority(PRIO_PROCESS, 0, 0);
262 
263 		/*
264 		 * If trying to log in as root without Kerberos,
265 		 * but with insecure terminal, refuse the login attempt.
266 		 */
267 #ifdef KERBEROS
268 		if (authok == 0)
269 #endif
270 		if (pwd && rootlogin && !rootterm(tty)) {
271 			(void)fprintf(stderr,
272 			    "%s login refused on this terminal.\n",
273 			    pwd->pw_name);
274 			if (hostname)
275 				syslog(LOG_NOTICE,
276 				    "LOGIN %s REFUSED FROM %s ON TTY %s",
277 				    pwd->pw_name, hostname, tty);
278 			else
279 				syslog(LOG_NOTICE,
280 				    "LOGIN %s REFUSED ON TTY %s",
281 				     pwd->pw_name, tty);
282 			continue;
283 		}
284 
285 		if (pwd && !rval)
286 			break;
287 
288 		(void)printf("Login incorrect\n");
289 		failures++;
290 		/* we allow 10 tries, but after 3 we start backing off */
291 		if (++cnt > 3) {
292 			if (cnt >= 10) {
293 				badlogin(username);
294 				sleepexit(1);
295 			}
296 			sleep((u_int)((cnt - 3) * 5));
297 		}
298 	}
299 
300 	/* committed to login -- turn off timeout */
301 	(void)alarm((u_int)0);
302 
303 	endpwent();
304 
305 	/* if user not super-user, check for disabled logins */
306 	if (!rootlogin)
307 		checknologin();
308 
309 	if (chdir(pwd->pw_dir) < 0) {
310 		(void)printf("No home directory %s!\n", pwd->pw_dir);
311 		if (chdir("/"))
312 			exit(0);
313 		pwd->pw_dir = "/";
314 		(void)printf("Logging in with home = \"/\".\n");
315 	}
316 
317 	quietlog = access(_PATH_HUSHLOGIN, F_OK) == 0;
318 
319 	if (pwd->pw_change || pwd->pw_expire)
320 		(void)gettimeofday(&tp, (struct timezone *)NULL);
321 
322 	if (pwd->pw_change)
323 		if (tp.tv_sec >= pwd->pw_change) {
324 			(void)printf("Sorry -- your password has expired.\n");
325 			change_passwd();
326 		} else if (pwd->pw_change - tp.tv_sec <
327 		    2 * DAYSPERWEEK * SECSPERDAY && !quietlog)
328 			(void)printf("Warning: your password expires on %s",
329 			    ctime(&pwd->pw_change));
330 	if (pwd->pw_expire)
331 		if (tp.tv_sec >= pwd->pw_expire) {
332 			(void)printf("Sorry -- your account has expired.\n");
333 			sleepexit(1);
334 		} else if (pwd->pw_expire - tp.tv_sec <
335 		    2 * DAYSPERWEEK * SECSPERDAY && !quietlog)
336 			(void)printf("Warning: your account expires on %s",
337 			    ctime(&pwd->pw_expire));
338 
339 	/* Nothing else left to fail -- really log in. */
340 	memset((void *)&utmp, 0, sizeof(utmp));
341 	(void)time(&utmp.ut_time);
342 	(void)strncpy(utmp.ut_name, username, sizeof(utmp.ut_name));
343 	if (hostname)
344 		(void)strncpy(utmp.ut_host, hostname, sizeof(utmp.ut_host));
345 	(void)strncpy(utmp.ut_line, tty, sizeof(utmp.ut_line));
346 	login(&utmp);
347 
348 	dolastlog(quietlog);
349 
350 	/*
351 	 * Set device protections, depending on what terminal the
352 	 * user is logged in. This feature is used on Suns to give
353 	 * console users better privacy.
354 	 */
355 	login_fbtab(tty, pwd->pw_uid, pwd->pw_gid);
356 
357 	(void)chown(ttyn, pwd->pw_uid,
358 	    (gr = getgrnam(TTYGRPNAME)) ? gr->gr_gid : pwd->pw_gid);
359 	(void)setgid(pwd->pw_gid);
360 
361 	initgroups(username, pwd->pw_gid);
362 
363 	if (*pwd->pw_shell == '\0')
364 		pwd->pw_shell = _PATH_BSHELL;
365 
366 	/* Destroy environment unless user has requested its preservation. */
367 	if (!pflag)
368 		environ = envinit;
369 	(void)setenv("HOME", pwd->pw_dir, 1);
370 	(void)setenv("SHELL", pwd->pw_shell, 1);
371 	if (term[0] == '\0')
372 		(void)strncpy(term, stypeof(tty), sizeof(term));
373 	(void)setenv("TERM", term, 0);
374 	(void)setenv("LOGNAME", pwd->pw_name, 1);
375 	(void)setenv("USER", pwd->pw_name, 1);
376 	(void)setenv("PATH", _PATH_DEFPATH, 0);
377 #ifdef KERBEROS
378 	if (krbtkfile_env)
379 		(void)setenv("KRBTKFILE", krbtkfile_env, 1);
380 #endif
381 
382 	if (tty[sizeof("tty")-1] == 'd')
383 		syslog(LOG_INFO, "DIALUP %s, %s", tty, pwd->pw_name);
384 
385 	/* If fflag is on, assume caller/authenticator has logged root login. */
386 	if (rootlogin && fflag == 0)
387 		if (hostname)
388 			syslog(LOG_NOTICE, "ROOT LOGIN (%s) ON %s FROM %s",
389 			    username, tty, hostname);
390 		else
391 			syslog(LOG_NOTICE, "ROOT LOGIN (%s) ON %s", username, tty);
392 
393 #ifdef KERBEROS
394 	if (!quietlog && notickets == 1)
395 		(void)printf("Warning: no Kerberos tickets issued.\n");
396 #endif
397 
398 	if (!quietlog) {
399 		(void)printf("%s\n\t%s  %s\n\n",
400 	    "Copyright (c) 1980, 1983, 1986, 1988, 1990, 1991, 1993, 1994",
401 		    "The Regents of the University of California. ",
402 		    "All rights reserved.");
403 		motd();
404 		(void)snprintf(tbuf,
405 		    sizeof(tbuf), "%s/%s", _PATH_MAILDIR, pwd->pw_name);
406 		if (stat(tbuf, &st) == 0 && st.st_size != 0)
407 			(void)printf("You have %smail.\n",
408 			    (st.st_mtime > st.st_atime) ? "new " : "");
409 	}
410 
411 	(void)signal(SIGALRM, SIG_DFL);
412 	(void)signal(SIGQUIT, SIG_DFL);
413 	(void)signal(SIGINT, SIG_DFL);
414 	(void)signal(SIGTSTP, SIG_IGN);
415 
416 	tbuf[0] = '-';
417 	(void)strcpy(tbuf + 1, (p = strrchr(pwd->pw_shell, '/')) ?
418 	    p + 1 : pwd->pw_shell);
419 
420 	if (setlogin(pwd->pw_name) < 0)
421 		syslog(LOG_ERR, "setlogin() failure: %m");
422 
423 	/* Discard permissions last so can't get killed and drop core. */
424 	if (rootlogin)
425 		(void) setuid(0);
426 	else
427 		(void) setuid(pwd->pw_uid);
428 
429 	execlp(pwd->pw_shell, tbuf, 0);
430 	err(1, "%s", pwd->pw_shell);
431 }
432 
433 #ifdef	KERBEROS
434 #define	NBUFSIZ		(UT_NAMESIZE + 1 + 5)	/* .root suffix */
435 #else
436 #define	NBUFSIZ		(UT_NAMESIZE + 1)
437 #endif
438 
439 void
440 getloginname()
441 {
442 	int ch;
443 	char *p;
444 	static char nbuf[NBUFSIZ];
445 
446 	for (;;) {
447 		(void)printf("login: ");
448 		for (p = nbuf; (ch = getchar()) != '\n'; ) {
449 			if (ch == EOF) {
450 				badlogin(username);
451 				exit(0);
452 			}
453 			if (p < nbuf + (NBUFSIZ - 1))
454 				*p++ = ch;
455 		}
456 		if (p > nbuf)
457 			if (nbuf[0] == '-')
458 				(void)fprintf(stderr,
459 				    "login names may not start with '-'.\n");
460 			else {
461 				*p = '\0';
462 				username = nbuf;
463 				break;
464 			}
465 	}
466 }
467 
468 int
469 rootterm(ttyn)
470 	char *ttyn;
471 {
472 	struct ttyent *t;
473 
474 	return ((t = getttynam(ttyn)) && t->ty_status & TTY_SECURE);
475 }
476 
477 jmp_buf motdinterrupt;
478 
479 void
480 motd()
481 {
482 	int fd, nchars;
483 	sig_t oldint;
484 	char tbuf[8192];
485 
486 	if ((fd = open(_PATH_MOTDFILE, O_RDONLY, 0)) < 0)
487 		return;
488 	oldint = signal(SIGINT, sigint);
489 	if (setjmp(motdinterrupt) == 0)
490 		while ((nchars = read(fd, tbuf, sizeof(tbuf))) > 0)
491 			(void)write(fileno(stdout), tbuf, nchars);
492 	(void)signal(SIGINT, oldint);
493 	(void)close(fd);
494 }
495 
496 /* ARGSUSED */
497 void
498 sigint(signo)
499 	int signo;
500 {
501 
502 	longjmp(motdinterrupt, 1);
503 }
504 
505 /* ARGSUSED */
506 void
507 timedout(signo)
508 	int signo;
509 {
510 
511 	(void)fprintf(stderr, "Login timed out after %d seconds\n", timeout);
512 	exit(0);
513 }
514 
515 void
516 checknologin()
517 {
518 	int fd, nchars;
519 	char tbuf[8192];
520 
521 	if ((fd = open(_PATH_NOLOGIN, O_RDONLY, 0)) >= 0) {
522 		while ((nchars = read(fd, tbuf, sizeof(tbuf))) > 0)
523 			(void)write(fileno(stdout), tbuf, nchars);
524 		sleepexit(0);
525 	}
526 }
527 
528 void
529 dolastlog(quiet)
530 	int quiet;
531 {
532 	struct lastlog ll;
533 	int fd;
534 
535 	if ((fd = open(_PATH_LASTLOG, O_RDWR, 0)) >= 0) {
536 		(void)lseek(fd, (off_t)pwd->pw_uid * sizeof(ll), L_SET);
537 		if (!quiet) {
538 			if (read(fd, (char *)&ll, sizeof(ll)) == sizeof(ll) &&
539 			    ll.ll_time != 0) {
540 				(void)printf("Last login: %.*s ",
541 				    24-5, (char *)ctime(&ll.ll_time));
542 				if (*ll.ll_host != '\0')
543 					(void)printf("from %.*s\n",
544 					    (int)sizeof(ll.ll_host),
545 					    ll.ll_host);
546 				else
547 					(void)printf("on %.*s\n",
548 					    (int)sizeof(ll.ll_line),
549 					    ll.ll_line);
550 			}
551 			(void)lseek(fd, (off_t)pwd->pw_uid * sizeof(ll), L_SET);
552 		}
553 		memset((void *)&ll, 0, sizeof(ll));
554 		(void)time(&ll.ll_time);
555 		(void)strncpy(ll.ll_line, tty, sizeof(ll.ll_line));
556 		if (hostname)
557 			(void)strncpy(ll.ll_host, hostname, sizeof(ll.ll_host));
558 		(void)write(fd, (char *)&ll, sizeof(ll));
559 		(void)close(fd);
560 	}
561 }
562 
563 void
564 badlogin(name)
565 	char *name;
566 {
567 
568 	if (failures == 0)
569 		return;
570 	if (hostname) {
571 		syslog(LOG_NOTICE, "%d LOGIN FAILURE%s FROM %s",
572 		    failures, failures > 1 ? "S" : "", hostname);
573 		syslog(LOG_AUTHPRIV|LOG_NOTICE,
574 		    "%d LOGIN FAILURE%s FROM %s, %s",
575 		    failures, failures > 1 ? "S" : "", hostname, name);
576 	} else {
577 		syslog(LOG_NOTICE, "%d LOGIN FAILURE%s ON %s",
578 		    failures, failures > 1 ? "S" : "", tty);
579 		syslog(LOG_AUTHPRIV|LOG_NOTICE,
580 		    "%d LOGIN FAILURE%s ON %s, %s",
581 		    failures, failures > 1 ? "S" : "", tty, name);
582 	}
583 }
584 
585 #undef	UNKNOWN
586 #define	UNKNOWN	"su"
587 
588 char *
589 stypeof(ttyid)
590 	char *ttyid;
591 {
592 	struct ttyent *t;
593 
594 	return (ttyid && (t = getttynam(ttyid)) ? t->ty_type : UNKNOWN);
595 }
596 
597 void
598 sleepexit(eval)
599 	int eval;
600 {
601 
602 	(void)sleep(5);
603 	exit(eval);
604 }
605 
606 void
607 change_passwd()
608 {
609 	int pid, status, w;
610 	register void (*istat)(), (*qstat)();
611 
612 	if (( pid=fork() ) == 0)
613 		{
614 		execl( "/usr/bin/passwd", "passwd", NULL );
615 		fprintf( stderr, "ERROR: Can't execute passwd!\n" );
616 		sleepexit( 1 );
617 		}
618 
619 	istat = signal( SIGINT,  SIG_IGN );
620 	qstat = signal( SIGQUIT, SIG_IGN );
621 
622 	while ((w = wait( &status )) != pid && w != -1)
623 		;
624 
625 	signal( SIGINT,  istat );
626 	signal( SIGQUIT, qstat );
627 }
628 
629