xref: /freebsd/usr.bin/login/login.c (revision 19fe8e84832030e09dacca8de0680493e38ac14f)
1 /*-
2  * Copyright (c) 1980, 1987, 1988, 1991, 1993, 1994
3  *	The Regents of the University of California.  All rights reserved.
4  * Copyright (c) 2002 Networks Associates Technologies, Inc.
5  * All rights reserved.
6  *
7  * Portions of this software were developed for the FreeBSD Project by
8  * ThinkSec AS and NAI Labs, the Security Research Division of Network
9  * Associates, Inc.  under DARPA/SPAWAR contract N66001-01-C-8035
10  * ("CBOSS"), as part of the DARPA CHATS research program.
11  *
12  * Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
13  * modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions
14  * are met:
15  * 1. Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright
16  *    notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
17  * 2. Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above copyright
18  *    notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer in the
19  *    documentation and/or other materials provided with the distribution.
20  * 3. All advertising materials mentioning features or use of this software
21  *    must display the following acknowledgement:
22  *	This product includes software developed by the University of
23  *	California, Berkeley and its contributors.
24  * 4. Neither the name of the University nor the names of its contributors
25  *    may be used to endorse or promote products derived from this software
26  *    without specific prior written permission.
27  *
28  * THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE REGENTS AND CONTRIBUTORS ``AS IS'' AND
29  * ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, THE
30  * IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE
31  * ARE DISCLAIMED.  IN NO EVENT SHALL THE REGENTS OR CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE
32  * FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL, SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL
33  * DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS
34  * OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE, DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION)
35  * HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT
36  * LIABILITY, OR TORT (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY
37  * OUT OF THE USE OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF
38  * SUCH DAMAGE.
39  */
40 
41 #if 0
42 #ifndef lint
43 static char sccsid[] = "@(#)login.c	8.4 (Berkeley) 4/2/94";
44 #endif
45 #endif
46 
47 #include <sys/cdefs.h>
48 __FBSDID("$FreeBSD$");
49 
50 /*
51  * login [ name ]
52  * login -h hostname	(for telnetd, etc.)
53  * login -f name	(for pre-authenticated login: datakit, xterm, etc.)
54  */
55 
56 #include <sys/param.h>
57 #include <sys/file.h>
58 #include <sys/stat.h>
59 #include <sys/time.h>
60 #include <sys/resource.h>
61 #include <sys/wait.h>
62 
63 #include <err.h>
64 #include <errno.h>
65 #include <grp.h>
66 #include <libutil.h>
67 #include <login_cap.h>
68 #include <pwd.h>
69 #include <setjmp.h>
70 #include <signal.h>
71 #include <stdio.h>
72 #include <stdlib.h>
73 #include <string.h>
74 #include <syslog.h>
75 #include <ttyent.h>
76 #include <unistd.h>
77 
78 #include <security/pam_appl.h>
79 #include <security/openpam.h>
80 
81 #include "login.h"
82 #include "pathnames.h"
83 
84 static int		 auth_pam(void);
85 static void		 bail(int, int);
86 static int		 export(const char *);
87 static void		 export_pam_environment(void);
88 static int		 motd(const char *);
89 static void		 badlogin(char *);
90 static char		*getloginname(void);
91 static void		 pam_syslog(const char *);
92 static void		 pam_cleanup(void);
93 static void		 refused(const char *, const char *, int);
94 static const char	*stypeof(char *);
95 static void		 sigint(int);
96 static void		 timedout(int);
97 static void		 usage(void);
98 
99 #define	TTYGRPNAME		"tty"			/* group to own ttys */
100 #define	DEFAULT_BACKOFF		3
101 #define	DEFAULT_RETRIES		10
102 #define	DEFAULT_PROMPT		"login: "
103 #define	DEFAULT_PASSWD_PROMPT	"Password:"
104 #define	TERM_UNKNOWN		"su"
105 #define	DEFAULT_WARN		(2L * 7L * 86400L)	/* Two weeks */
106 #define NO_SLEEP_EXIT		0
107 #define SLEEP_EXIT		5
108 
109 /*
110  * This bounds the time given to login.  Not a define so it can
111  * be patched on machines where it's too small.
112  */
113 static u_int		timeout = 300;
114 
115 /* Buffer for signal handling of timeout */
116 static jmp_buf		 timeout_buf;
117 
118 struct passwd		*pwd;
119 static int		 failures;
120 
121 static char		*envinit[1];	/* empty environment list */
122 
123 /*
124  * Command line flags and arguments
125  */
126 static int		 fflag;		/* -f: do not perform authentication */
127 static int		 hflag;		/* -h: login from remote host */
128 static char		*hostname;	/* hostname from command line */
129 static int		 pflag;		/* -p: preserve environment */
130 
131 /*
132  * User name
133  */
134 static char		*username;	/* user name */
135 static char		*olduser;	/* previous user name */
136 
137 /*
138  * Prompts
139  */
140 static char		 default_prompt[] = DEFAULT_PROMPT;
141 static const char	*prompt;
142 static char		 default_passwd_prompt[] = DEFAULT_PASSWD_PROMPT;
143 static const char	*passwd_prompt;
144 
145 static char		*tty;
146 
147 /*
148  * PAM data
149  */
150 static pam_handle_t	*pamh = NULL;
151 static struct pam_conv	 pamc = { openpam_ttyconv, NULL };
152 static int		 pam_err;
153 static int		 pam_silent = PAM_SILENT;
154 static int		 pam_cred_established;
155 static int		 pam_session_established;
156 
157 int
158 main(int argc, char *argv[])
159 {
160 	struct group *gr;
161 	struct stat st;
162 	int retries, backoff;
163 	int ask, ch, cnt, quietlog, rootlogin, rval;
164 	uid_t uid, euid;
165 	gid_t egid;
166 	char *term;
167 	char *p, *ttyn;
168 	char tname[sizeof(_PATH_TTY) + 10];
169 	char *arg0;
170 	const char *tp;
171 	const char *shell = NULL;
172 	login_cap_t *lc = NULL;
173 	login_cap_t *lc_user = NULL;
174 	pid_t pid;
175 #ifdef USE_BSM_AUDIT
176 	char auditsuccess = 1;
177 #endif
178 
179 	(void)signal(SIGQUIT, SIG_IGN);
180 	(void)signal(SIGINT, SIG_IGN);
181 	(void)signal(SIGHUP, SIG_IGN);
182 	if (setjmp(timeout_buf)) {
183 		if (failures)
184 			badlogin(username);
185 		(void)fprintf(stderr, "Login timed out after %d seconds\n",
186 		    timeout);
187 		bail(NO_SLEEP_EXIT, 0);
188 	}
189 	(void)signal(SIGALRM, timedout);
190 	(void)alarm(timeout);
191 	(void)setpriority(PRIO_PROCESS, 0, 0);
192 
193 	openlog("login", LOG_ODELAY, LOG_AUTH);
194 
195 	uid = getuid();
196 	euid = geteuid();
197 	egid = getegid();
198 
199 	while ((ch = getopt(argc, argv, "fh:p")) != -1)
200 		switch (ch) {
201 		case 'f':
202 			fflag = 1;
203 			break;
204 		case 'h':
205 			if (uid != 0)
206 				errx(1, "-h option: %s", strerror(EPERM));
207 			if (strlen(optarg) >= MAXHOSTNAMELEN)
208 				errx(1, "-h option: %s: exceeds maximum "
209 				    "hostname size", optarg);
210 			hflag = 1;
211 			hostname = optarg;
212 			break;
213 		case 'p':
214 			pflag = 1;
215 			break;
216 		case '?':
217 		default:
218 			if (uid == 0)
219 				syslog(LOG_ERR, "invalid flag %c", ch);
220 			usage();
221 		}
222 	argc -= optind;
223 	argv += optind;
224 
225 	if (argc > 0) {
226 		username = strdup(*argv);
227 		if (username == NULL)
228 			err(1, "strdup()");
229 		ask = 0;
230 	} else {
231 		ask = 1;
232 	}
233 
234 	setproctitle("-%s", getprogname());
235 
236 	closefrom(3);
237 
238 	/*
239 	 * Get current TTY
240 	 */
241 	ttyn = ttyname(STDIN_FILENO);
242 	if (ttyn == NULL || *ttyn == '\0') {
243 		(void)snprintf(tname, sizeof(tname), "%s??", _PATH_TTY);
244 		ttyn = tname;
245 	}
246 	if (strncmp(ttyn, _PATH_DEV, sizeof _PATH_DEV - 1) == 0)
247 		tty = ttyn + sizeof _PATH_DEV - 1;
248 	else
249 		tty = ttyn;
250 
251 	/*
252 	 * Get "login-retries" & "login-backoff" from default class
253 	 */
254 	lc = login_getclass(NULL);
255 	prompt = login_getcapstr(lc, "login_prompt",
256 	    default_prompt, default_prompt);
257 	passwd_prompt = login_getcapstr(lc, "passwd_prompt",
258 	    default_passwd_prompt, default_passwd_prompt);
259 	retries = login_getcapnum(lc, "login-retries",
260 	    DEFAULT_RETRIES, DEFAULT_RETRIES);
261 	backoff = login_getcapnum(lc, "login-backoff",
262 	    DEFAULT_BACKOFF, DEFAULT_BACKOFF);
263 	login_close(lc);
264 	lc = NULL;
265 
266 	/*
267 	 * Try to authenticate the user until we succeed or time out.
268 	 */
269 	for (cnt = 0;; ask = 1) {
270 		if (ask) {
271 			fflag = 0;
272 			if (olduser != NULL)
273 				free(olduser);
274 			olduser = username;
275 			username = getloginname();
276 		}
277 		rootlogin = 0;
278 
279 		/*
280 		 * Note if trying multiple user names; log failures for
281 		 * previous user name, but don't bother logging one failure
282 		 * for nonexistent name (mistyped username).
283 		 */
284 		if (failures && strcmp(olduser, username) != 0) {
285 			if (failures > (pwd ? 0 : 1))
286 				badlogin(olduser);
287 		}
288 
289 		/*
290 		 * Load the PAM policy and set some variables
291 		 */
292 		pam_err = pam_start("login", username, &pamc, &pamh);
293 		if (pam_err != PAM_SUCCESS) {
294 			pam_syslog("pam_start()");
295 #ifdef USE_BSM_AUDIT
296 			au_login_fail("PAM Error", 1);
297 #endif
298 			bail(NO_SLEEP_EXIT, 1);
299 		}
300 		pam_err = pam_set_item(pamh, PAM_TTY, tty);
301 		if (pam_err != PAM_SUCCESS) {
302 			pam_syslog("pam_set_item(PAM_TTY)");
303 #ifdef USE_BSM_AUDIT
304 			au_login_fail("PAM Error", 1);
305 #endif
306 			bail(NO_SLEEP_EXIT, 1);
307 		}
308 		pam_err = pam_set_item(pamh, PAM_RHOST, hostname);
309 		if (pam_err != PAM_SUCCESS) {
310 			pam_syslog("pam_set_item(PAM_RHOST)");
311 #ifdef USE_BSM_AUDIT
312 			au_login_fail("PAM Error", 1);
313 #endif
314 			bail(NO_SLEEP_EXIT, 1);
315 		}
316 
317 		pwd = getpwnam(username);
318 		if (pwd != NULL && pwd->pw_uid == 0)
319 			rootlogin = 1;
320 
321 		/*
322 		 * If the -f option was specified and the caller is
323 		 * root or the caller isn't changing their uid, don't
324 		 * authenticate.
325 		 */
326 		if (pwd != NULL && fflag &&
327 		    (uid == (uid_t)0 || uid == (uid_t)pwd->pw_uid)) {
328 			/* already authenticated */
329 			rval = 0;
330 #ifdef USE_BSM_AUDIT
331 			auditsuccess = 0; /* opened a terminal window only */
332 #endif
333 		} else {
334 			fflag = 0;
335 			(void)setpriority(PRIO_PROCESS, 0, -4);
336 			rval = auth_pam();
337 			(void)setpriority(PRIO_PROCESS, 0, 0);
338 		}
339 
340 		if (pwd && rval == 0)
341 			break;
342 
343 		pam_cleanup();
344 
345 		/*
346 		 * We are not exiting here, but this corresponds to a failed
347 		 * login event, so set exitstatus to 1.
348 		 */
349 #ifdef USE_BSM_AUDIT
350 		au_login_fail("Login incorrect", 1);
351 #endif
352 
353 		(void)printf("Login incorrect\n");
354 		failures++;
355 
356 		pwd = NULL;
357 
358 		/*
359 		 * Allow up to 'retry' (10) attempts, but start
360 		 * backing off after 'backoff' (3) attempts.
361 		 */
362 		if (++cnt > backoff) {
363 			if (cnt >= retries) {
364 				badlogin(username);
365 				bail(SLEEP_EXIT, 1);
366 			}
367 			sleep((u_int)((cnt - backoff) * 5));
368 		}
369 	}
370 
371 	/* committed to login -- turn off timeout */
372 	(void)alarm((u_int)0);
373 	(void)signal(SIGHUP, SIG_DFL);
374 
375 	endpwent();
376 
377 #ifdef USE_BSM_AUDIT
378 	/* Audit successful login. */
379 	if (auditsuccess)
380 		au_login_success();
381 #endif
382 
383 	/*
384 	 * Establish the login class.
385 	 */
386 	lc = login_getpwclass(pwd);
387 	lc_user = login_getuserclass(pwd);
388 
389 	if (!(quietlog = login_getcapbool(lc_user, "hushlogin", 0)))
390 		quietlog = login_getcapbool(lc, "hushlogin", 0);
391 
392 	/*
393 	 * Switching needed for NFS with root access disabled.
394 	 *
395 	 * XXX: This change fails to modify the additional groups for the
396 	 * process, and as such, may restrict rights normally granted
397 	 * through those groups.
398 	 */
399 	(void)setegid(pwd->pw_gid);
400 	(void)seteuid(rootlogin ? 0 : pwd->pw_uid);
401 	if (!*pwd->pw_dir || chdir(pwd->pw_dir) < 0) {
402 		if (login_getcapbool(lc, "requirehome", 0))
403 			refused("Home directory not available", "HOMEDIR", 1);
404 		if (chdir("/") < 0)
405 			refused("Cannot find root directory", "ROOTDIR", 1);
406 		if (!quietlog || *pwd->pw_dir)
407 			printf("No home directory.\nLogging in with home = \"/\".\n");
408 		pwd->pw_dir = strdup("/");
409 		if (pwd->pw_dir == NULL) {
410 			syslog(LOG_NOTICE, "strdup(): %m");
411 			bail(SLEEP_EXIT, 1);
412 		}
413 	}
414 	(void)seteuid(euid);
415 	(void)setegid(egid);
416 	if (!quietlog) {
417 		quietlog = access(_PATH_HUSHLOGIN, F_OK) == 0;
418 		if (!quietlog)
419 			pam_silent = 0;
420 	}
421 
422 	shell = login_getcapstr(lc, "shell", pwd->pw_shell, pwd->pw_shell);
423 	if (*pwd->pw_shell == '\0')
424 		pwd->pw_shell = strdup(_PATH_BSHELL);
425 	if (pwd->pw_shell == NULL) {
426 		syslog(LOG_NOTICE, "strdup(): %m");
427 		bail(SLEEP_EXIT, 1);
428 	}
429 	if (*shell == '\0')   /* Not overridden */
430 		shell = pwd->pw_shell;
431 	if ((shell = strdup(shell)) == NULL) {
432 		syslog(LOG_NOTICE, "strdup(): %m");
433 		bail(SLEEP_EXIT, 1);
434 	}
435 
436 	/*
437 	 * Set device protections, depending on what terminal the
438 	 * user is logged in. This feature is used on Suns to give
439 	 * console users better privacy.
440 	 */
441 	login_fbtab(tty, pwd->pw_uid, pwd->pw_gid);
442 
443 	/*
444 	 * Clear flags of the tty.  None should be set, and when the
445 	 * user sets them otherwise, this can cause the chown to fail.
446 	 * Since it isn't clear that flags are useful on character
447 	 * devices, we just clear them.
448 	 *
449 	 * We don't log in the case of EOPNOTSUPP because dev might be
450 	 * on NFS, which doesn't support chflags.
451 	 *
452 	 * We don't log in the EROFS because that means that /dev is on
453 	 * a read only file system and we assume that the permissions there
454 	 * are sane.
455 	 */
456 	if (ttyn != tname && chflags(ttyn, 0))
457 		if (errno != EOPNOTSUPP && errno != EROFS)
458 			syslog(LOG_ERR, "chflags(%s): %m", ttyn);
459 	if (ttyn != tname && chown(ttyn, pwd->pw_uid,
460 	    (gr = getgrnam(TTYGRPNAME)) ? gr->gr_gid : pwd->pw_gid))
461 		if (errno != EROFS)
462 			syslog(LOG_ERR, "chown(%s): %m", ttyn);
463 
464 	/*
465 	 * Exclude cons/vt/ptys only, assume dialup otherwise
466 	 * TODO: Make dialup tty determination a library call
467 	 * for consistency (finger etc.)
468 	 */
469 	if (hflag && isdialuptty(tty))
470 		syslog(LOG_INFO, "DIALUP %s, %s", tty, pwd->pw_name);
471 
472 #ifdef LOGALL
473 	/*
474 	 * Syslog each successful login, so we don't have to watch
475 	 * hundreds of wtmp or lastlogin files.
476 	 */
477 	if (hflag)
478 		syslog(LOG_INFO, "login from %s on %s as %s",
479 		       hostname, tty, pwd->pw_name);
480 	else
481 		syslog(LOG_INFO, "login on %s as %s",
482 		       tty, pwd->pw_name);
483 #endif
484 
485 	/*
486 	 * If fflag is on, assume caller/authenticator has logged root
487 	 * login.
488 	 */
489 	if (rootlogin && fflag == 0) {
490 		if (hflag)
491 			syslog(LOG_NOTICE, "ROOT LOGIN (%s) ON %s FROM %s",
492 			    username, tty, hostname);
493 		else
494 			syslog(LOG_NOTICE, "ROOT LOGIN (%s) ON %s",
495 			    username, tty);
496 	}
497 
498 	/*
499 	 * Destroy environment unless user has requested its
500 	 * preservation - but preserve TERM in all cases
501 	 */
502 	term = getenv("TERM");
503 	if (!pflag)
504 		environ = envinit;
505 	if (term != NULL)
506 		setenv("TERM", term, 0);
507 
508 	/*
509 	 * PAM modules might add supplementary groups during pam_setcred().
510 	 */
511 	if (setusercontext(lc, pwd, pwd->pw_uid, LOGIN_SETGROUP) != 0) {
512 		syslog(LOG_ERR, "setusercontext() failed - exiting");
513 		bail(NO_SLEEP_EXIT, 1);
514 	}
515 
516 	pam_err = pam_setcred(pamh, pam_silent|PAM_ESTABLISH_CRED);
517 	if (pam_err != PAM_SUCCESS) {
518 		pam_syslog("pam_setcred()");
519 		bail(NO_SLEEP_EXIT, 1);
520 	}
521 	pam_cred_established = 1;
522 
523 	pam_err = pam_open_session(pamh, pam_silent);
524 	if (pam_err != PAM_SUCCESS) {
525 		pam_syslog("pam_open_session()");
526 		bail(NO_SLEEP_EXIT, 1);
527 	}
528 	pam_session_established = 1;
529 
530 	/*
531 	 * We must fork() before setuid() because we need to call
532 	 * pam_close_session() as root.
533 	 */
534 	pid = fork();
535 	if (pid < 0) {
536 		err(1, "fork");
537 	} else if (pid != 0) {
538 		/*
539 		 * Parent: wait for child to finish, then clean up
540 		 * session.
541 		 */
542 		int status;
543 		setproctitle("-%s [pam]", getprogname());
544 		waitpid(pid, &status, 0);
545 		bail(NO_SLEEP_EXIT, 0);
546 	}
547 
548 	/*
549 	 * NOTICE: We are now in the child process!
550 	 */
551 
552 	/*
553 	 * Add any environment variables the PAM modules may have set.
554 	 */
555 	export_pam_environment();
556 
557 	/*
558 	 * We're done with PAM now; our parent will deal with the rest.
559 	 */
560 	pam_end(pamh, 0);
561 	pamh = NULL;
562 
563 	/*
564 	 * We don't need to be root anymore, so set the login name and
565 	 * the UID.
566 	 */
567 	if (setlogin(username) != 0) {
568 		syslog(LOG_ERR, "setlogin(%s): %m - exiting", username);
569 		bail(NO_SLEEP_EXIT, 1);
570 	}
571 	if (setusercontext(lc, pwd, pwd->pw_uid,
572 	    LOGIN_SETALL & ~(LOGIN_SETLOGIN|LOGIN_SETGROUP)) != 0) {
573 		syslog(LOG_ERR, "setusercontext() failed - exiting");
574 		exit(1);
575 	}
576 
577 	(void)setenv("SHELL", pwd->pw_shell, 1);
578 	(void)setenv("HOME", pwd->pw_dir, 1);
579 	/* Overwrite "term" from login.conf(5) for any known TERM */
580 	if (term == NULL && (tp = stypeof(tty)) != NULL)
581 		(void)setenv("TERM", tp, 1);
582 	else
583 		(void)setenv("TERM", TERM_UNKNOWN, 0);
584 	(void)setenv("LOGNAME", username, 1);
585 	(void)setenv("USER", username, 1);
586 	(void)setenv("PATH", rootlogin ? _PATH_STDPATH : _PATH_DEFPATH, 0);
587 
588 	if (!quietlog) {
589 		const char *cw;
590 
591 		cw = login_getcapstr(lc, "welcome", NULL, NULL);
592 		if (cw != NULL && access(cw, F_OK) == 0)
593 			motd(cw);
594 		else
595 			motd(_PATH_MOTDFILE);
596 
597 		if (login_getcapbool(lc_user, "nocheckmail", 0) == 0 &&
598 		    login_getcapbool(lc, "nocheckmail", 0) == 0) {
599 			char *cx;
600 
601 			/* $MAIL may have been set by class. */
602 			cx = getenv("MAIL");
603 			if (cx == NULL) {
604 				asprintf(&cx, "%s/%s",
605 				    _PATH_MAILDIR, pwd->pw_name);
606 			}
607 			if (cx && stat(cx, &st) == 0 && st.st_size != 0)
608 				(void)printf("You have %smail.\n",
609 				    (st.st_mtime > st.st_atime) ? "new " : "");
610 			if (getenv("MAIL") == NULL)
611 				free(cx);
612 		}
613 	}
614 
615 	login_close(lc_user);
616 	login_close(lc);
617 
618 	(void)signal(SIGALRM, SIG_DFL);
619 	(void)signal(SIGQUIT, SIG_DFL);
620 	(void)signal(SIGINT, SIG_DFL);
621 	(void)signal(SIGTSTP, SIG_IGN);
622 
623 	/*
624 	 * Login shells have a leading '-' in front of argv[0]
625 	 */
626 	p = strrchr(pwd->pw_shell, '/');
627 	if (asprintf(&arg0, "-%s", p ? p + 1 : pwd->pw_shell) >= MAXPATHLEN) {
628 		syslog(LOG_ERR, "user: %s: shell exceeds maximum pathname size",
629 		    username);
630 		errx(1, "shell exceeds maximum pathname size");
631 	} else if (arg0 == NULL) {
632 		err(1, "asprintf()");
633 	}
634 
635 	execlp(shell, arg0, (char *)0);
636 	err(1, "%s", shell);
637 
638 	/*
639 	 * That's it, folks!
640 	 */
641 }
642 
643 /*
644  * Attempt to authenticate the user using PAM.  Returns 0 if the user is
645  * authenticated, or 1 if not authenticated.  If some sort of PAM system
646  * error occurs (e.g., the "/etc/pam.conf" file is missing) then this
647  * function returns -1.  This can be used as an indication that we should
648  * fall back to a different authentication mechanism.
649  */
650 static int
651 auth_pam(void)
652 {
653 	const char *tmpl_user;
654 	const void *item;
655 	int rval;
656 
657 	pam_err = pam_authenticate(pamh, pam_silent);
658 	switch (pam_err) {
659 
660 	case PAM_SUCCESS:
661 		/*
662 		 * With PAM we support the concept of a "template"
663 		 * user.  The user enters a login name which is
664 		 * authenticated by PAM, usually via a remote service
665 		 * such as RADIUS or TACACS+.  If authentication
666 		 * succeeds, a different but related "template" name
667 		 * is used for setting the credentials, shell, and
668 		 * home directory.  The name the user enters need only
669 		 * exist on the remote authentication server, but the
670 		 * template name must be present in the local password
671 		 * database.
672 		 *
673 		 * This is supported by two various mechanisms in the
674 		 * individual modules.  However, from the application's
675 		 * point of view, the template user is always passed
676 		 * back as a changed value of the PAM_USER item.
677 		 */
678 		pam_err = pam_get_item(pamh, PAM_USER, &item);
679 		if (pam_err == PAM_SUCCESS) {
680 			tmpl_user = (const char *)item;
681 			if (strcmp(username, tmpl_user) != 0)
682 				pwd = getpwnam(tmpl_user);
683 		} else {
684 			pam_syslog("pam_get_item(PAM_USER)");
685 		}
686 		rval = 0;
687 		break;
688 
689 	case PAM_AUTH_ERR:
690 	case PAM_USER_UNKNOWN:
691 	case PAM_MAXTRIES:
692 		rval = 1;
693 		break;
694 
695 	default:
696 		pam_syslog("pam_authenticate()");
697 		rval = -1;
698 		break;
699 	}
700 
701 	if (rval == 0) {
702 		pam_err = pam_acct_mgmt(pamh, pam_silent);
703 		switch (pam_err) {
704 		case PAM_SUCCESS:
705 			break;
706 		case PAM_NEW_AUTHTOK_REQD:
707 			pam_err = pam_chauthtok(pamh,
708 			    pam_silent|PAM_CHANGE_EXPIRED_AUTHTOK);
709 			if (pam_err != PAM_SUCCESS) {
710 				pam_syslog("pam_chauthtok()");
711 				rval = 1;
712 			}
713 			break;
714 		default:
715 			pam_syslog("pam_acct_mgmt()");
716 			rval = 1;
717 			break;
718 		}
719 	}
720 
721 	if (rval != 0) {
722 		pam_end(pamh, pam_err);
723 		pamh = NULL;
724 	}
725 	return (rval);
726 }
727 
728 /*
729  * Export any environment variables PAM modules may have set
730  */
731 static void
732 export_pam_environment(void)
733 {
734 	char **pam_env;
735 	char **pp;
736 
737 	pam_env = pam_getenvlist(pamh);
738 	if (pam_env != NULL) {
739 		for (pp = pam_env; *pp != NULL; pp++) {
740 			(void)export(*pp);
741 			free(*pp);
742 		}
743 	}
744 }
745 
746 /*
747  * Perform sanity checks on an environment variable:
748  * - Make sure there is an '=' in the string.
749  * - Make sure the string doesn't run on too long.
750  * - Do not export certain variables.  This list was taken from the
751  *   Solaris pam_putenv(3) man page.
752  * Then export it.
753  */
754 static int
755 export(const char *s)
756 {
757 	static const char *noexport[] = {
758 		"SHELL", "HOME", "LOGNAME", "MAIL", "CDPATH",
759 		"IFS", "PATH", NULL
760 	};
761 	char *p;
762 	const char **pp;
763 	size_t n;
764 
765 	if (strlen(s) > 1024 || (p = strchr(s, '=')) == NULL)
766 		return (0);
767 	if (strncmp(s, "LD_", 3) == 0)
768 		return (0);
769 	for (pp = noexport; *pp != NULL; pp++) {
770 		n = strlen(*pp);
771 		if (s[n] == '=' && strncmp(s, *pp, n) == 0)
772 			return (0);
773 	}
774 	*p = '\0';
775 	(void)setenv(s, p + 1, 1);
776 	*p = '=';
777 	return (1);
778 }
779 
780 static void
781 usage(void)
782 {
783 
784 	(void)fprintf(stderr, "usage: login [-fp] [-h hostname] [username]\n");
785 	exit(1);
786 }
787 
788 /*
789  * Prompt user and read login name from stdin.
790  */
791 static char *
792 getloginname(void)
793 {
794 	char *nbuf, *p;
795 	int ch;
796 
797 	nbuf = malloc(MAXLOGNAME);
798 	if (nbuf == NULL)
799 		err(1, "malloc()");
800 	do {
801 		(void)printf("%s", prompt);
802 		for (p = nbuf; (ch = getchar()) != '\n'; ) {
803 			if (ch == EOF) {
804 				badlogin(username);
805 				bail(NO_SLEEP_EXIT, 0);
806 			}
807 			if (p < nbuf + MAXLOGNAME - 1)
808 				*p++ = ch;
809 		}
810 	} while (p == nbuf);
811 
812 	*p = '\0';
813 	if (nbuf[0] == '-') {
814 		pam_silent = 0;
815 		memmove(nbuf, nbuf + 1, strlen(nbuf));
816 	} else {
817 		pam_silent = PAM_SILENT;
818 	}
819 	return nbuf;
820 }
821 
822 /*
823  * SIGINT handler for motd().
824  */
825 static volatile int motdinterrupt;
826 static void
827 sigint(int signo __unused)
828 {
829 	motdinterrupt = 1;
830 }
831 
832 /*
833  * Display the contents of a file (such as /etc/motd).
834  */
835 static int
836 motd(const char *motdfile)
837 {
838 	sig_t oldint;
839 	FILE *f;
840 	int ch;
841 
842 	if ((f = fopen(motdfile, "r")) == NULL)
843 		return (-1);
844 	motdinterrupt = 0;
845 	oldint = signal(SIGINT, sigint);
846 	while ((ch = fgetc(f)) != EOF && !motdinterrupt)
847 		putchar(ch);
848 	signal(SIGINT, oldint);
849 	if (ch != EOF || ferror(f)) {
850 		fclose(f);
851 		return (-1);
852 	}
853 	fclose(f);
854 	return (0);
855 }
856 
857 /*
858  * SIGALRM handler, to enforce login prompt timeout.
859  *
860  * XXX This can potentially confuse the hell out of PAM.  We should
861  * XXX instead implement a conversation function that returns
862  * XXX PAM_CONV_ERR when interrupted by a signal, and have the signal
863  * XXX handler just set a flag.
864  */
865 static void
866 timedout(int signo __unused)
867 {
868 
869 	longjmp(timeout_buf, signo);
870 }
871 
872 static void
873 badlogin(char *name)
874 {
875 
876 	if (failures == 0)
877 		return;
878 	if (hflag) {
879 		syslog(LOG_NOTICE, "%d LOGIN FAILURE%s FROM %s",
880 		    failures, failures > 1 ? "S" : "", hostname);
881 		syslog(LOG_AUTHPRIV|LOG_NOTICE,
882 		    "%d LOGIN FAILURE%s FROM %s, %s",
883 		    failures, failures > 1 ? "S" : "", hostname, name);
884 	} else {
885 		syslog(LOG_NOTICE, "%d LOGIN FAILURE%s ON %s",
886 		    failures, failures > 1 ? "S" : "", tty);
887 		syslog(LOG_AUTHPRIV|LOG_NOTICE,
888 		    "%d LOGIN FAILURE%s ON %s, %s",
889 		    failures, failures > 1 ? "S" : "", tty, name);
890 	}
891 	failures = 0;
892 }
893 
894 const char *
895 stypeof(char *ttyid)
896 {
897 	struct ttyent *t;
898 
899 	if (ttyid != NULL && *ttyid != '\0') {
900 		t = getttynam(ttyid);
901 		if (t != NULL && t->ty_type != NULL)
902 			return (t->ty_type);
903 	}
904 	return (NULL);
905 }
906 
907 static void
908 refused(const char *msg, const char *rtype, int lout)
909 {
910 
911 	if (msg != NULL)
912 	    printf("%s.\n", msg);
913 	if (hflag)
914 		syslog(LOG_NOTICE, "LOGIN %s REFUSED (%s) FROM %s ON TTY %s",
915 		    pwd->pw_name, rtype, hostname, tty);
916 	else
917 		syslog(LOG_NOTICE, "LOGIN %s REFUSED (%s) ON TTY %s",
918 		    pwd->pw_name, rtype, tty);
919 	if (lout)
920 		bail(SLEEP_EXIT, 1);
921 }
922 
923 /*
924  * Log a PAM error
925  */
926 static void
927 pam_syslog(const char *msg)
928 {
929 	syslog(LOG_ERR, "%s: %s", msg, pam_strerror(pamh, pam_err));
930 }
931 
932 /*
933  * Shut down PAM
934  */
935 static void
936 pam_cleanup(void)
937 {
938 
939 	if (pamh != NULL) {
940 		if (pam_session_established) {
941 			pam_err = pam_close_session(pamh, 0);
942 			if (pam_err != PAM_SUCCESS)
943 				pam_syslog("pam_close_session()");
944 		}
945 		pam_session_established = 0;
946 		if (pam_cred_established) {
947 			pam_err = pam_setcred(pamh, pam_silent|PAM_DELETE_CRED);
948 			if (pam_err != PAM_SUCCESS)
949 				pam_syslog("pam_setcred()");
950 		}
951 		pam_cred_established = 0;
952 		pam_end(pamh, pam_err);
953 		pamh = NULL;
954 	}
955 }
956 
957 /*
958  * Exit, optionally after sleeping a few seconds
959  */
960 void
961 bail(int sec, int eval)
962 {
963 
964 	pam_cleanup();
965 #ifdef USE_BSM_AUDIT
966 	if (pwd != NULL)
967 		audit_logout();
968 #endif
969 	(void)sleep(sec);
970 	exit(eval);
971 }
972