1.\" Copyright (c) 1980, 1990, 1993 2.\" The Regents of the University of California. All rights reserved. 3.\" 4.\" Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without 5.\" modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions 6.\" are met: 7.\" 1. Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright 8.\" notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer. 9.\" 2. Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above copyright 10.\" notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer in the 11.\" documentation and/or other materials provided with the distribution. 12.\" 3. All advertising materials mentioning features or use of this software 13.\" must display the following acknowledgement: 14.\" This product includes software developed by the University of 15.\" California, Berkeley and its contributors. 16.\" 4. Neither the name of the University nor the names of its contributors 17.\" may be used to endorse or promote products derived from this software 18.\" without specific prior written permission. 19.\" 20.\" THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE REGENTS AND CONTRIBUTORS ``AS IS'' AND 21.\" ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, THE 22.\" IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE 23.\" ARE DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE REGENTS OR CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE 24.\" FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL, SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL 25.\" DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS 26.\" OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE, DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION) 27.\" HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT 28.\" LIABILITY, OR TORT (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY 29.\" OUT OF THE USE OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF 30.\" SUCH DAMAGE. 31.\" 32.\" @(#)login.1 8.2 (Berkeley) 5/5/94 33.\" $FreeBSD$ 34.\" 35.Dd May 5, 1994 36.Dt LOGIN 1 37.Os 38.Sh NAME 39.Nm login 40.Nd log into the computer 41.Sh SYNOPSIS 42.Nm 43.Op Fl fp 44.Op Fl h Ar hostname 45.Op Ar user 46.Sh DESCRIPTION 47The 48.Nm 49utility logs users (and pseudo-users) into the computer system. 50.Pp 51If no user is specified, or if a user is specified and authentication 52of the user fails, 53.Nm 54prompts for a user name. 55Authentication of users is configurable via 56.Xr pam 8 . 57Password authentication is the default. 58.Pp 59The following options are available: 60.Bl -tag -width indent 61.It Fl f 62When a user name is specified, this option indicates that proper 63authentication has already been done and that no password need be 64requested. 65This option may only be used by the super-user or when an already 66logged in user is logging in as themselves. 67.It Fl h 68Specify the host from which the connection was received. 69It is used by various daemons such as 70.Xr telnetd 8 . 71This option may only be used by the super-user. 72.It Fl p 73By default, 74.Nm 75discards any previous environment. 76The 77.Fl p 78option disables this behavior. 79.El 80.Pp 81If the file 82.Pa /etc/login.access 83exists, 84.Nm 85checks to see if the user and host pair are specifically allowed or denied 86access. 87Login access may also be controlled via the login class, which provides 88allow and deny records based on time, tty and remote host name. 89.Pp 90If the file 91.Pa /etc/fbtab 92exists, 93.Nm 94changes the protection and ownership of certain devices specified in this 95file. 96.Pp 97Immediately after logging a user in, 98.Nm 99displays the system copyright notice, the date and time the user last 100logged in, the message of the day as well as other information. 101If the file 102.Pa .hushlogin 103exists in the user's home directory, all of these messages are suppressed. 104This is to simplify logins for non-human users, such as 105.Xr uucp 1 . 106.Pp 107The 108.Nm 109utility enters information into the environment (see 110.Xr environ 7 ) 111specifying the user's home directory (HOME), command interpreter (SHELL), 112search path (PATH), terminal type (TERM) and user name (both LOGNAME and 113USER). 114Other environment variables may be set due to entries in the login 115class capabilities database, for the login class assigned in the 116user's system passwd record. 117The login class also controls the maximum and current process resource 118limits granted to a login, process priorities and many other aspects of 119a user's login environment. 120.Pp 121Some shells may provide a builtin 122.Nm 123command which is similar or identical to this utility. 124Consult the 125.Xr builtin 1 126manual page. 127.Sh FILES 128.Bl -tag -width ".Pa /etc/login.access" -compact 129.It Pa /etc/fbtab 130changes device protections 131.It Pa /etc/login.access 132login access control table 133.It Pa /etc/login.conf 134login class capabilities database 135.It Pa /etc/motd 136message-of-the-day 137.It Pa /var/mail/user 138system mailboxes 139.It Pa \&.hushlogin 140makes login quieter 141.It Pa /etc/auth.conf 142configure authentication services 143.It Pa /etc/pam.conf 144.Nm 145uses 146.Pa /etc/pam.conf 147entries with service name 148.Dq login 149.El 150.Sh SEE ALSO 151.Xr builtin 1 , 152.Xr chpass 1 , 153.Xr csh 1 , 154.Xr passwd 1 , 155.Xr rlogin 1 , 156.Xr getpass 3 , 157.Xr fbtab 5 , 158.Xr login.access 5 , 159.Xr login.conf 5 , 160.Xr environ 7 , 161.Xr pam 8 162.Sh HISTORY 163A 164.Nm 165utility appeared in 166.At v6 . 167