1.\" Copyright (c) 1980, 1990, 1993 2.\" The Regents of the University of California. All rights reserved. 3.\" 4.\" Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without 5.\" modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions 6.\" are met: 7.\" 1. Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright 8.\" notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer. 9.\" 2. Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above copyright 10.\" notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer in the 11.\" documentation and/or other materials provided with the distribution. 12.\" 4. Neither the name of the University nor the names of its contributors 13.\" may be used to endorse or promote products derived from this software 14.\" without specific prior written permission. 15.\" 16.\" THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE REGENTS AND CONTRIBUTORS ``AS IS'' AND 17.\" ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, THE 18.\" IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE 19.\" ARE DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE REGENTS OR CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE 20.\" FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL, SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL 21.\" DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS 22.\" OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE, DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION) 23.\" HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT 24.\" LIABILITY, OR TORT (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY 25.\" OUT OF THE USE OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF 26.\" SUCH DAMAGE. 27.\" 28.\" @(#)last.1 8.1 (Berkeley) 6/6/93 29.\" $FreeBSD$ 30.\" 31.Dd January 21, 2010 32.Dt LAST 1 33.Os 34.Sh NAME 35.Nm last 36.Nd indicate last logins of users and ttys 37.Sh SYNOPSIS 38.Nm 39.Op Fl swy 40.Oo 41.Fl d 42.Sm off 43.Op Oo Ar CC Oc Ar YY 44.Op Ar MM DD 45.Ar hh mm 46.Op Ar .SS 47.Sm on 48.Oc 49.Op Fl f Ar file 50.Op Fl h Ar host 51.Op Fl n Ar maxrec 52.Op Fl t Ar tty 53.Op Ar user ... 54.Sh DESCRIPTION 55The 56.Nm 57utility will either list the sessions of specified 58.Ar users , 59.Ar ttys , 60and 61.Ar hosts , 62in reverse time order, 63or list the users logged in at a specified date and time. 64Each line of output contains 65the user name, the tty from which the session was conducted, any 66hostname, the start and stop times for the session, and the duration 67of the session. 68If the session is still continuing or was cut short by 69a crash or shutdown, 70.Nm 71will so indicate. 72.Pp 73The following options are available: 74.Bl -tag -width indent-two 75.It Fl d Ar date 76Specify the snapshot date and time. 77All users logged in at the snapshot date and time will 78be reported. 79This may be used with the 80.Fl f 81option to derive the results from stored 82.Pa utx.log 83files. 84When this argument is provided, all other options except for 85.Fl f 86and 87.Fl n 88are ignored. 89The argument should be in the form 90.Sm off 91.Op Oo Ar CC Oc Ar YY 92.Op Ar MM DD 93.Ar hh mm 94.Op Ar .SS 95.Sm on 96where each pair of letters represents the following: 97.Pp 98.Bl -tag -width Ds -compact -offset indent 99.It Ar CC 100The first two digits of the year (the century). 101.It Ar YY 102The second two digits of the year. 103If 104.Ar YY 105is specified, but 106.Ar CC 107is not, a value for 108.Ar YY 109between 69 and 99 results in a 110.Ar CC 111value of 19. 112Otherwise, a 113.Ar CC 114value of 20 is used. 115.It Ar MM 116Month of the year, from 1 to 12. 117.It Ar DD 118Day of the month, from 1 to 31. 119.It Ar hh 120Hour of the day, from 0 to 23. 121.It Ar mm 122Minute of the hour, from 0 to 59. 123.It Ar SS 124Second of the minute, from 0 to 61. 125.El 126.Pp 127If the 128.Ar CC 129and 130.Ar YY 131letter pairs are not specified, the values default to the current 132year. 133If the 134.Ar SS 135letter pair is not specified, the value defaults to 0. 136.It Fl f Ar file 137Read the file 138.Ar file 139instead of the default, 140.Pa /var/log/utx.log . 141.It Fl h Ar host 142.Ar Host 143names may be names or internet numbers. 144.It Fl n Ar maxrec 145Limit the report to 146.Ar maxrec 147lines. 148.It Fl s 149Report the duration of the login session in seconds, instead of the 150default days, hours and minutes. 151.It Fl t Ar tty 152Specify the 153.Ar tty . 154Tty names may be given fully or abbreviated, for example, 155.Dq Li "last -t 03" 156is 157equivalent to 158.Dq Li "last -t tty03" . 159.It Fl w 160Widen the duration field to show seconds, as well as the 161default days, hours and minutes. 162.It Fl y 163Report the year in the session start time. 164.El 165.Pp 166If multiple arguments are given, 167and a snapshot time is not specified, 168the information which applies to any of the 169arguments is printed, e.g., 170.Dq Li "last root -t console" 171would list all of 172.Dq Li root Ns 's 173sessions as well as all sessions on the console terminal. 174If no 175users, hostnames or terminals are specified, 176.Nm 177prints a record of 178all logins and logouts. 179.Pp 180The pseudo-user 181.Ar reboot 182logs in at reboots of the system, thus 183.Dq Li last reboot 184will give an indication of mean time between reboot. 185.Pp 186If 187.Nm 188is interrupted, it indicates to what date the search has 189progressed. 190If interrupted with a quit signal 191.Nm 192indicates how 193far the search has progressed and then continues. 194.Sh FILES 195.Bl -tag -width /var/log/utx.log -compact 196.It Pa /var/log/utx.log 197login data base 198.El 199.Sh SEE ALSO 200.Xr lastcomm 1 , 201.Xr getutxent 3 , 202.Xr ac 8 , 203.Xr lastlogin 8 204.Sh HISTORY 205A 206.Nm 207utility appeared in 208.Bx 3.0 . 209.Sh BUGS 210If a login shell should terminate abnormally for some reason, it is likely 211that a logout record will not be written to the 212.Pa utx.log 213file. 214In this case, 215.Nm 216will indicate the logout time as "shutdown". 217