1.\" Copyright (c) 1980, 1990, 1993 2.\" The Regents of the University of California. All rights reserved. 3.\" 4.\" Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without 5.\" modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions 6.\" are met: 7.\" 1. Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright 8.\" notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer. 9.\" 2. Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above copyright 10.\" notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer in the 11.\" documentation and/or other materials provided with the distribution. 12.\" 3. All advertising materials mentioning features or use of this software 13.\" must display the following acknowledgement: 14.\" This product includes software developed by the University of 15.\" California, Berkeley and its contributors. 16.\" 4. Neither the name of the University nor the names of its contributors 17.\" may be used to endorse or promote products derived from this software 18.\" without specific prior written permission. 19.\" 20.\" THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE REGENTS AND CONTRIBUTORS ``AS IS'' AND 21.\" ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, THE 22.\" IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE 23.\" ARE DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE REGENTS OR CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE 24.\" FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL, SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL 25.\" DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS 26.\" OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE, DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION) 27.\" HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT 28.\" LIABILITY, OR TORT (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY 29.\" OUT OF THE USE OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF 30.\" SUCH DAMAGE. 31.\" 32.\" @(#)last.1 8.1 (Berkeley) 6/6/93 33.\" $FreeBSD$ 34.\" 35.Dd March 1, 2002 36.Dt LAST 1 37.Os 38.Sh NAME 39.Nm last 40.Nd indicate last logins of users and ttys 41.Sh SYNOPSIS 42.Nm 43.Op Fl Ns Ar n 44.Op Fl y 45.Oo 46.Fl d 47.Sm off 48.Op Oo Ar CC Oc Ar YY 49.Op Ar MM DD 50.Ar hh mm 51.Op Ar .SS 52.Sm on 53.Oc 54.Op Fl f Ar file 55.Op Fl h Ar host 56.Op Fl s 57.Op Fl t Ar tty 58.Op Fl w 59.Op Ar user ... 60.Sh DESCRIPTION 61The 62.Nm 63utility will either list the sessions of specified 64.Ar users , 65.Ar ttys , 66and 67.Ar hosts , 68in reverse time order, 69or list the users logged in at a specified date and time. 70Each line of output contains 71the user name, the tty from which the session was conducted, any 72hostname, the start and stop times for the session, and the duration 73of the session. 74If the session is still continuing or was cut short by 75a crash or shutdown, 76.Nm 77will so indicate. 78.Pp 79The following options are available: 80.Bl -tag -width indent-two 81.It Fl Ar n 82Limits the report to 83.Ar n 84lines. 85.It Fl d Ar date 86Specify the snapshot date and time. 87All users logged in at the snapshot date and time will 88be reported. 89This may be used with the 90.Fl f 91option to derive the results from stored wtmp files. 92When this argument is provided, all other options except for 93.Fl f 94and 95.Fl Ar n 96are ignored. 97The argument should be in the form 98.Sm off 99.Op Oo Ar CC Oc Ar YY 100.Op Ar MM DD 101.Ar hh mm 102.Op Ar .SS 103.Sm on 104where each pair of letters represents the following: 105.Pp 106.Bl -tag -width Ds -compact -offset indent 107.It Ar CC 108The first two digits of the year (the century). 109.It Ar YY 110The second two digits of the year. 111If 112.Ar YY 113is specified, but 114.Ar CC 115is not, a value for 116.Ar YY 117between 69 and 99 results in a 118.Ar CC 119value of 19. 120Otherwise, a 121.Ar CC 122value of 20 is used. 123.It Ar MM 124Month of the year, from 1 to 12. 125.It Ar DD 126Day of the month, from 1 to 31. 127.It Ar hh 128Hour of the day, from 0 to 23. 129.It Ar mm 130Minute of the hour, from 0 to 59. 131.It Ar SS 132Second of the minute, from 0 to 61. 133.El 134.Pp 135If the 136.Ar CC 137and 138.Ar YY 139letter pairs are not specified, the values default to the current 140year. 141If the 142.Ar SS 143letter pair is not specified, the value defaults to 0. 144.It Fl f Ar file 145Read the file 146.Ar file 147instead of the default, 148.Pa /var/log/wtmp . 149.It Fl h Ar host 150.Ar Host 151names may be names or internet numbers. 152.It Fl s 153Report the duration of the login session in seconds, instead of the 154default days, hours and minutes. 155.It Fl t Ar tty 156Specify the 157.Ar tty . 158Tty names may be given fully or abbreviated, for example, 159.Dq Li "last -t 03" 160is 161equivalent to 162.Dq Li "last -t tty03" . 163.It Fl w 164Widen the duration field to show seconds, as well as the 165default days, hours and minutes. 166.It Fl y 167Report the year in the session start time. 168.El 169.Pp 170If multiple arguments are given, 171and a snapshot time is not specified, 172the information which applies to any of the 173arguments is printed, e.g., 174.Dq Li "last root -t console" 175would list all of 176.Dq Li root Ns 's 177sessions as well as all sessions on the console terminal. 178If no 179users, hostnames or terminals are specified, 180.Nm 181prints a record of 182all logins and logouts. 183.Pp 184The pseudo-user 185.Ar reboot 186logs in at reboots of the system, thus 187.Dq Li last reboot 188will give an indication of mean time between reboot. 189.Pp 190If 191.Nm 192is interrupted, it indicates to what date the search has 193progressed. 194If interrupted with a quit signal 195.Nm 196indicates how 197far the search has progressed and then continues. 198.Sh FILES 199.Bl -tag -width /var/log/wtmp -compact 200.It Pa /var/log/wtmp 201login data base 202.El 203.Sh SEE ALSO 204.Xr lastcomm 1 , 205.Xr utmp 5 , 206.Xr ac 8 207.Sh BUGS 208If a login shell should terminate abnormally for some reason, it is likely 209that a logout record won't be written to the wtmp file. 210In this case, 211.Nm 212will indicate the logout time as "shutdown". 213.Sh HISTORY 214A 215.Nm 216utility last appeared in 217.Bx 3.0 . 218