1.\" Copyright (c) 1980, 1990, 1993 2.\" The Regents of the University of California. All rights reserved. 3.\" 4.\" Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without 5.\" modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions 6.\" are met: 7.\" 1. Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright 8.\" notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer. 9.\" 2. Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above copyright 10.\" notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer in the 11.\" documentation and/or other materials provided with the distribution. 12.\" 3. All advertising materials mentioning features or use of this software 13.\" must display the following acknowledgement: 14.\" This product includes software developed by the University of 15.\" California, Berkeley and its contributors. 16.\" 4. Neither the name of the University nor the names of its contributors 17.\" may be used to endorse or promote products derived from this software 18.\" without specific prior written permission. 19.\" 20.\" THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE REGENTS AND CONTRIBUTORS ``AS IS'' AND 21.\" ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, THE 22.\" IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE 23.\" ARE DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE REGENTS OR CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE 24.\" FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL, SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL 25.\" DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS 26.\" OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE, DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION) 27.\" HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT 28.\" LIABILITY, OR TORT (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY 29.\" OUT OF THE USE OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF 30.\" SUCH DAMAGE. 31.\" 32.\" @(#)last.1 8.1 (Berkeley) 6/6/93 33.\" $FreeBSD$ 34.\" 35.Dd June 6, 1993 36.Dt LAST 1 37.Os BSD 4 38.Sh NAME 39.Nm last 40.Nd indicate last logins of users and ttys 41.Sh SYNOPSIS 42.Nm last 43.Op Fl Ns Ar n 44.Op Fl f Ar file 45.Op Fl h Ar host 46.Op Fl s 47.Op Fl t Ar tty 48.Op Fl w 49.Op user ... 50.Sh DESCRIPTION 51.Nm Last 52will list the sessions of specified 53.Ar users , 54.Ar ttys , 55and 56.Ar hosts , 57in reverse time order. Each line of output contains 58the user name, the tty from which the session was conducted, any 59hostname, the start and stop times for the session, and the duration 60of the session. If the session is still continuing or was cut short by 61a crash or shutdown, 62.Nm last 63will so indicate. 64.Pp 65.Bl -tag -width indent-two 66.It Fl Ar n 67Limits the report to 68.Ar n 69lines. 70.It Fl f Ar file 71.Nm Last 72reads the file 73.Ar file 74instead of the default, 75.Pa /var/log/wtmp . 76.It Fl h Ar host 77.Ar Host 78names may be names or internet numbers. 79.It Fl s 80Report the duration of the login session in seconds, instead of the 81default days, hours and minutes. 82.It Fl t Ar tty 83Specify the 84.Ar tty . 85Tty names may be given fully or abbreviated, for example, 86.Dq Li "last -t 03" 87is 88equivalent to 89.Dq Li "last -t tty03" . 90.It Fl w 91Widen the duration field to show seconds, as well as the 92default days, hours and minutes. 93.El 94.Pp 95If 96multiple arguments are given, the information which applies to any of the 97arguments is printed, e.g., 98.Dq Li "last root -t console" 99would list all of 100.Dq Li root Ns 's 101sessions as well as all sessions on the console terminal. If no 102users, hostnames or terminals are specified, 103.Nm last 104prints a record of 105all logins and logouts. 106.Pp 107The pseudo-user 108.Ar reboot 109logs in at reboots of the system, thus 110.Dq Li last reboot 111will give an indication of mean time between reboot. 112.Pp 113If 114.Nm last 115is interrupted, it indicates to what date the search has 116progressed. If interrupted with a quit signal 117.Nm last 118indicates how 119far the search has progressed and then continues. 120.Sh FILES 121.Bl -tag -width /var/log/wtmp -compact 122.It Pa /var/log/wtmp 123login data base 124.El 125.Sh SEE ALSO 126.Xr lastcomm 1 , 127.Xr utmp 5 , 128.Xr ac 8 129.Sh BUGS 130If a login shell should terminate abnormally for some reason, it is likely 131that a logout record won't be written to the wtmp file. In this case, 132.Nm last 133will indicate the logout time as "shutdown". 134.Sh HISTORY 135.Nm Last 136appeared in 137.Bx 3.0 . 138