1.\" Copyright (c) 1980, 1990, 1993 2.\" The Regents of the University of California. All rights reserved. 3.\" 4.\" Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without 5.\" modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions 6.\" are met: 7.\" 1. Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright 8.\" notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer. 9.\" 2. Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above copyright 10.\" notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer in the 11.\" documentation and/or other materials provided with the distribution. 12.\" 3. All advertising materials mentioning features or use of this software 13.\" must display the following acknowledgement: 14.\" This product includes software developed by the University of 15.\" California, Berkeley and its contributors. 16.\" 4. Neither the name of the University nor the names of its contributors 17.\" may be used to endorse or promote products derived from this software 18.\" without specific prior written permission. 19.\" 20.\" THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE REGENTS AND CONTRIBUTORS ``AS IS'' AND 21.\" ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, THE 22.\" IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE 23.\" ARE DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE REGENTS OR CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE 24.\" FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL, SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL 25.\" DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS 26.\" OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE, DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION) 27.\" HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT 28.\" LIABILITY, OR TORT (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY 29.\" OUT OF THE USE OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF 30.\" SUCH DAMAGE. 31.\" 32.\" @(#)last.1 8.1 (Berkeley) 6/6/93 33.\" $FreeBSD$ 34.\" 35.Dd June 6, 1993 36.Dt LAST 1 37.Os BSD 4 38.Sh NAME 39.Nm last 40.Nd indicate last logins of users and ttys 41.Sh SYNOPSIS 42.Nm 43.Op Fl Ns Ar n 44.Op Fl f Ar file 45.Op Fl h Ar host 46.Op Fl s 47.Op Fl t Ar tty 48.Op Fl w 49.Op user ... 50.Sh DESCRIPTION 51.Nm Last 52will list the sessions of specified 53.Ar users , 54.Ar ttys , 55and 56.Ar hosts , 57in reverse time order. 58Each line of output contains 59the user name, the tty from which the session was conducted, any 60hostname, the start and stop times for the session, and the duration 61of the session. 62If the session is still continuing or was cut short by 63a crash or shutdown, 64.Nm 65will so indicate. 66.Pp 67.Bl -tag -width indent-two 68.It Fl Ar n 69Limits the report to 70.Ar n 71lines. 72.It Fl f Ar file 73.Nm Last 74reads the file 75.Ar file 76instead of the default, 77.Pa /var/log/wtmp . 78.It Fl h Ar host 79.Ar Host 80names may be names or internet numbers. 81.It Fl s 82Report the duration of the login session in seconds, instead of the 83default days, hours and minutes. 84.It Fl t Ar tty 85Specify the 86.Ar tty . 87Tty names may be given fully or abbreviated, for example, 88.Dq Li "last -t 03" 89is 90equivalent to 91.Dq Li "last -t tty03" . 92.It Fl w 93Widen the duration field to show seconds, as well as the 94default days, hours and minutes. 95.El 96.Pp 97If 98multiple arguments are given, the information which applies to any of the 99arguments is printed, e.g., 100.Dq Li "last root -t console" 101would list all of 102.Dq Li root Ns 's 103sessions as well as all sessions on the console terminal. 104If no 105users, hostnames or terminals are specified, 106.Nm 107prints a record of 108all logins and logouts. 109.Pp 110The pseudo-user 111.Ar reboot 112logs in at reboots of the system, thus 113.Dq Li last reboot 114will give an indication of mean time between reboot. 115.Pp 116If 117.Nm 118is interrupted, it indicates to what date the search has 119progressed. 120If interrupted with a quit signal 121.Nm 122indicates how 123far the search has progressed and then continues. 124.Sh FILES 125.Bl -tag -width /var/log/wtmp -compact 126.It Pa /var/log/wtmp 127login data base 128.El 129.Sh SEE ALSO 130.Xr lastcomm 1 , 131.Xr utmp 5 , 132.Xr ac 8 133.Sh BUGS 134If a login shell should terminate abnormally for some reason, it is likely 135that a logout record won't be written to the wtmp file. 136In this case, 137.Nm 138will indicate the logout time as "shutdown". 139.Sh HISTORY 140.Nm Last 141appeared in 142.Bx 3.0 . 143