1.\" Copyright (c) 1980, 1990, 1993 2.\" The Regents of the University of California. All rights reserved. 3.\" 4.\" Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without 5.\" modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions 6.\" are met: 7.\" 1. Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright 8.\" notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer. 9.\" 2. Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above copyright 10.\" notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer in the 11.\" documentation and/or other materials provided with the distribution. 12.\" 3. All advertising materials mentioning features or use of this software 13.\" must display the following acknowledgement: 14.\" This product includes software developed by the University of 15.\" California, Berkeley and its contributors. 16.\" 4. Neither the name of the University nor the names of its contributors 17.\" may be used to endorse or promote products derived from this software 18.\" without specific prior written permission. 19.\" 20.\" THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE REGENTS AND CONTRIBUTORS ``AS IS'' AND 21.\" ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, THE 22.\" IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE 23.\" ARE DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE REGENTS OR CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE 24.\" FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL, SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL 25.\" DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS 26.\" OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE, DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION) 27.\" HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT 28.\" LIABILITY, OR TORT (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY 29.\" OUT OF THE USE OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF 30.\" SUCH DAMAGE. 31.\" 32.\" @(#)last.1 8.1 (Berkeley) 6/6/93 33.\" $FreeBSD$ 34.\" 35.Dd March 1, 2002 36.Dt LAST 1 37.Os 38.Sh NAME 39.Nm last 40.Nd indicate last logins of users and ttys 41.Sh SYNOPSIS 42.Nm 43.Op Fl Ns Ar n 44.Op Fl y 45.Oo 46.Fl d 47.Sm off 48.Op Oo Ar CC Oc Ar YY 49.Op Ar MM DD 50.Ar hh mm 51.Op Ar .SS 52.Sm on 53.Oc 54.Op Fl f Ar file 55.Op Fl h Ar host 56.Op Fl s 57.Op Fl t Ar tty 58.Op Fl w 59.Op Ar user ... 60.Sh DESCRIPTION 61The 62.Nm 63utility will either list the sessions of specified 64.Ar users , 65.Ar ttys , 66and 67.Ar hosts , 68in reverse time order, 69or list the users logged in at a specified date and time. 70Each line of output contains 71the user name, the tty from which the session was conducted, any 72hostname, the start and stop times for the session, and the duration 73of the session. 74If the session is still continuing or was cut short by 75a crash or shutdown, 76.Nm 77will so indicate. 78.Pp 79The following options are available: 80.Bl -tag -width indent-two 81.It Fl Ar n 82Limit the report to 83.Ar n 84lines. 85.It Fl d Ar date 86Specify the snapshot date and time. 87All users logged in at the snapshot date and time will 88be reported. 89This may be used with the 90.Fl f 91option to derive the results from stored 92.Pa wtmp 93files. 94When this argument is provided, all other options except for 95.Fl f 96and 97.Fl Ar n 98are ignored. 99The argument should be in the form 100.Sm off 101.Op Oo Ar CC Oc Ar YY 102.Op Ar MM DD 103.Ar hh mm 104.Op Ar .SS 105.Sm on 106where each pair of letters represents the following: 107.Pp 108.Bl -tag -width Ds -compact -offset indent 109.It Ar CC 110The first two digits of the year (the century). 111.It Ar YY 112The second two digits of the year. 113If 114.Ar YY 115is specified, but 116.Ar CC 117is not, a value for 118.Ar YY 119between 69 and 99 results in a 120.Ar CC 121value of 19. 122Otherwise, a 123.Ar CC 124value of 20 is used. 125.It Ar MM 126Month of the year, from 1 to 12. 127.It Ar DD 128Day of the month, from 1 to 31. 129.It Ar hh 130Hour of the day, from 0 to 23. 131.It Ar mm 132Minute of the hour, from 0 to 59. 133.It Ar SS 134Second of the minute, from 0 to 61. 135.El 136.Pp 137If the 138.Ar CC 139and 140.Ar YY 141letter pairs are not specified, the values default to the current 142year. 143If the 144.Ar SS 145letter pair is not specified, the value defaults to 0. 146.It Fl f Ar file 147Read the file 148.Ar file 149instead of the default, 150.Pa /var/log/wtmp . 151.It Fl h Ar host 152.Ar Host 153names may be names or internet numbers. 154.It Fl s 155Report the duration of the login session in seconds, instead of the 156default days, hours and minutes. 157.It Fl t Ar tty 158Specify the 159.Ar tty . 160Tty names may be given fully or abbreviated, for example, 161.Dq Li "last -t 03" 162is 163equivalent to 164.Dq Li "last -t tty03" . 165.It Fl w 166Widen the duration field to show seconds, as well as the 167default days, hours and minutes. 168.It Fl y 169Report the year in the session start time. 170.El 171.Pp 172If multiple arguments are given, 173and a snapshot time is not specified, 174the information which applies to any of the 175arguments is printed, e.g., 176.Dq Li "last root -t console" 177would list all of 178.Dq Li root Ns 's 179sessions as well as all sessions on the console terminal. 180If no 181users, hostnames or terminals are specified, 182.Nm 183prints a record of 184all logins and logouts. 185.Pp 186The pseudo-user 187.Ar reboot 188logs in at reboots of the system, thus 189.Dq Li last reboot 190will give an indication of mean time between reboot. 191.Pp 192If 193.Nm 194is interrupted, it indicates to what date the search has 195progressed. 196If interrupted with a quit signal 197.Nm 198indicates how 199far the search has progressed and then continues. 200.Sh FILES 201.Bl -tag -width /var/log/wtmp -compact 202.It Pa /var/log/wtmp 203login data base 204.El 205.Sh SEE ALSO 206.Xr lastcomm 1 , 207.Xr utmp 5 , 208.Xr ac 8 209.Sh BUGS 210If a login shell should terminate abnormally for some reason, it is likely 211that a logout record won't be written to the 212.Pa wtmp 213file. 214In this case, 215.Nm 216will indicate the logout time as "shutdown". 217.Sh HISTORY 218A 219.Nm 220utility appeared in 221.Bx 3.0 . 222