1.\" Copyright (c) 1980, 1990, 1993 2.\" The Regents of the University of California. All rights reserved. 3.\" 4.\" Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without 5.\" modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions 6.\" are met: 7.\" 1. Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright 8.\" notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer. 9.\" 2. Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above copyright 10.\" notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer in the 11.\" documentation and/or other materials provided with the distribution. 12.\" 3. All advertising materials mentioning features or use of this software 13.\" must display the following acknowledgement: 14.\" This product includes software developed by the University of 15.\" California, Berkeley and its contributors. 16.\" 4. Neither the name of the University nor the names of its contributors 17.\" may be used to endorse or promote products derived from this software 18.\" without specific prior written permission. 19.\" 20.\" THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE REGENTS AND CONTRIBUTORS ``AS IS'' AND 21.\" ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, THE 22.\" IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE 23.\" ARE DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE REGENTS OR CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE 24.\" FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL, SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL 25.\" DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS 26.\" OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE, DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION) 27.\" HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT 28.\" LIABILITY, OR TORT (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY 29.\" OUT OF THE USE OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF 30.\" SUCH DAMAGE. 31.\" 32.\" @(#)last.1 8.1 (Berkeley) 6/6/93 33.\" $FreeBSD$ 34.\" 35.Dd March 1, 2002 36.Dt LAST 1 37.Os 38.Sh NAME 39.Nm last 40.Nd indicate last logins of users and ttys 41.Sh SYNOPSIS 42.Nm 43.Op Fl Ns Ar n 44.Op Fl y 45.Oo 46.Fl d 47.Sm off 48.Op Oo Ar CC Oc Ar YY 49.Op Ar MM DD 50.Ar hh mm 51.Op Ar .SS 52.Sm on 53.Oc 54.Op Fl f Ar file 55.Op Fl h Ar host 56.Op Fl s 57.Op Fl t Ar tty 58.Op Fl w 59.Op Ar user ... 60.Sh DESCRIPTION 61.Nm Last 62will either list the sessions of specified 63.Ar users , 64.Ar ttys , 65and 66.Ar hosts , 67in reverse time order, 68or list the users logged in at a specified date and time. 69Each line of output contains 70the user name, the tty from which the session was conducted, any 71hostname, the start and stop times for the session, and the duration 72of the session. 73If the session is still continuing or was cut short by 74a crash or shutdown, 75.Nm 76will so indicate. 77.Pp 78.Bl -tag -width indent-two 79.It Fl Ar n 80Limits the report to 81.Ar n 82lines. 83.It Fl d Ar date 84Specify the snapshot date and time. 85All users logged in at the snapshot date and time will 86be reported. 87This may be used with the 88.Fl f 89option to derive the results from stored wtmp files. 90When this argument is provided, all other options except for 91.Fl f 92and 93.Fl Ar n 94are ignored. 95The argument should be in the form 96.Sm off 97.Op Oo Ar CC Oc Ar YY 98.Op Ar MM DD 99.Ar hh mm 100.Op Ar .SS 101.Sm on 102where each pair of letters represents the following: 103.Pp 104.Bl -tag -width Ds -compact -offset indent 105.It Ar CC 106The first two digits of the year (the century). 107.It Ar YY 108The second two digits of the year. 109If 110.Ar YY 111is specified, but 112.Ar CC 113is not, a value for 114.Ar YY 115between 69 and 99 results in a 116.Ar CC 117value of 19. 118Otherwise, a 119.Ar CC 120value of 20 is used. 121.It Ar MM 122Month of the year, from 1 to 12. 123.It Ar DD 124Day of the month, from 1 to 31. 125.It Ar hh 126Hour of the day, from 0 to 23. 127.It Ar mm 128Minute of the hour, from 0 to 59. 129.It Ar SS 130Second of the minute, from 0 to 61. 131.El 132.Pp 133If the 134.Ar CC 135and 136.Ar YY 137letter pairs are not specified, the values default to the current 138year. 139If the 140.Ar SS 141letter pair is not specified, the value defaults to 0. 142.It Fl f Ar file 143.Nm Last 144reads the file 145.Ar file 146instead of the default, 147.Pa /var/log/wtmp . 148.It Fl h Ar host 149.Ar Host 150names may be names or internet numbers. 151.It Fl s 152Report the duration of the login session in seconds, instead of the 153default days, hours and minutes. 154.It Fl t Ar tty 155Specify the 156.Ar tty . 157Tty names may be given fully or abbreviated, for example, 158.Dq Li "last -t 03" 159is 160equivalent to 161.Dq Li "last -t tty03" . 162.It Fl w 163Widen the duration field to show seconds, as well as the 164default days, hours and minutes. 165.It Fl y 166Report the year in the session start time. 167.El 168.Pp 169If multiple arguments are given, 170and a snapshot time is not specified, 171the information which applies to any of the 172arguments is printed, e.g., 173.Dq Li "last root -t console" 174would list all of 175.Dq Li root Ns 's 176sessions as well as all sessions on the console terminal. 177If no 178users, hostnames or terminals are specified, 179.Nm 180prints a record of 181all logins and logouts. 182.Pp 183The pseudo-user 184.Ar reboot 185logs in at reboots of the system, thus 186.Dq Li last reboot 187will give an indication of mean time between reboot. 188.Pp 189If 190.Nm 191is interrupted, it indicates to what date the search has 192progressed. 193If interrupted with a quit signal 194.Nm 195indicates how 196far the search has progressed and then continues. 197.Sh FILES 198.Bl -tag -width /var/log/wtmp -compact 199.It Pa /var/log/wtmp 200login data base 201.El 202.Sh SEE ALSO 203.Xr lastcomm 1 , 204.Xr utmp 5 , 205.Xr ac 8 206.Sh BUGS 207If a login shell should terminate abnormally for some reason, it is likely 208that a logout record won't be written to the wtmp file. 209In this case, 210.Nm 211will indicate the logout time as "shutdown". 212.Sh HISTORY 213.Nm Last 214appeared in 215.Bx 3.0 . 216