1.\" Copyright (c) 1980, 1990, 1993 2.\" The Regents of the University of California. All rights reserved. 3.\" 4.\" Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without 5.\" modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions 6.\" are met: 7.\" 1. Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright 8.\" notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer. 9.\" 2. Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above copyright 10.\" notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer in the 11.\" documentation and/or other materials provided with the distribution. 12.\" 3. All advertising materials mentioning features or use of this software 13.\" must display the following acknowledgement: 14.\" This product includes software developed by the University of 15.\" California, Berkeley and its contributors. 16.\" 4. Neither the name of the University nor the names of its contributors 17.\" may be used to endorse or promote products derived from this software 18.\" without specific prior written permission. 19.\" 20.\" THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE REGENTS AND CONTRIBUTORS ``AS IS'' AND 21.\" ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, THE 22.\" IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE 23.\" ARE DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE REGENTS OR CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE 24.\" FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL, SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL 25.\" DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS 26.\" OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE, DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION) 27.\" HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT 28.\" LIABILITY, OR TORT (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY 29.\" OUT OF THE USE OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF 30.\" SUCH DAMAGE. 31.\" 32.\" @(#)last.1 8.1 (Berkeley) 6/6/93 33.\" 34.Dd June 6, 1993 35.Dt LAST 1 36.Os BSD 4 37.Sh NAME 38.Nm last 39.Nd indicate last logins of users and ttys 40.Sh SYNOPSIS 41.Nm last 42.Op Fl Ns Ar n 43.Op Fl f Ar file 44.Op Fl h Ar host 45.Op Fl s 46.Op Fl t Ar tty 47.Op Fl w 48.Op user ... 49.Sh DESCRIPTION 50.Nm Last 51will list the sessions of specified 52.Ar users , 53.Ar ttys , 54and 55.Ar hosts , 56in reverse time order. Each line of output contains 57the user name, the tty from which the session was conducted, any 58hostname, the start and stop times for the session, and the duration 59of the session. If the session is still continuing or was cut short by 60a crash or shutdown, 61.Nm last 62will so indicate. 63.Pp 64.Bl -tag -width indent-two 65.It Fl Ar n 66Limits the report to 67.Ar n 68lines. 69.It Fl f Ar file 70.Nm Last 71reads the file 72.Ar file 73instead of the default, 74.Pa /var/log/wtmp . 75.It Fl h Ar host 76.Ar Host 77names may be names or internet numbers. 78.It Fl s 79Report the duration of the login session in seconds, instead of the 80default days, hours and minutes. 81.It Fl t Ar tty 82Specify the 83.Ar tty . 84Tty names may be given fully or abbreviated, for example, 85.Dq Li "last -t 03" 86is 87equivalent to 88.Dq Li "last -t tty03" . 89.It Fl w 90Widen the duration field to show seconds, as well as the 91default days, hours and minutes. 92.El 93.Pp 94If 95multiple arguments are given, the information which applies to any of the 96arguments is printed, e.g., 97.Dq Li "last root -t console" 98would list all of 99.Dq Li root Ns 's 100sessions as well as all sessions on the console terminal. If no 101users, hostnames or terminals are specified, 102.Nm last 103prints a record of 104all logins and logouts. 105.Pp 106The pseudo-user 107.Ar reboot 108logs in at reboots of the system, thus 109.Dq Li last reboot 110will give an indication of mean time between reboot. 111.Pp 112If 113.Nm last 114is interrupted, it indicates to what date the search has 115progressed. If interrupted with a quit signal 116.Nm last 117indicates how 118far the search has progressed and then continues. 119.Sh FILES 120.Bl -tag -width /var/log/wtmp -compact 121.It Pa /var/log/wtmp 122login data base 123.El 124.Sh SEE ALSO 125.Xr lastcomm 1 , 126.Xr utmp 5 , 127.Xr ac 8 128.Sh BUGS 129If a login shell should terminate abnormally for some reason, it is likely 130that a logout record won't be written to the wtmp file. In this case, 131.Nm last 132will indicate the logout time as "shutdown". 133.Sh HISTORY 134.Nm Last 135appeared in 136.Bx 3.0 . 137