xref: /freebsd/usr.bin/last/last.1 (revision 6990ffd8a95caaba6858ad44ff1b3157d1efba8f)
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32.\"     @(#)last.1	8.1 (Berkeley) 6/6/93
33.\" $FreeBSD$
34.\"
35.Dd May 2, 2001
36.Dt LAST 1
37.Os
38.Sh NAME
39.Nm last
40.Nd indicate last logins of users and ttys
41.Sh SYNOPSIS
42.Nm
43.Op Fl Ns Ar n
44.Oo
45.Fl d
46.Sm off
47.Op Oo Ar CC Oc Ar YY
48.Op Ar MM DD
49.Ar hh mm
50.Op Ar .SS
51.Sm on
52.Oc
53.Op Fl f Ar file
54.Op Fl h Ar host
55.Op Fl s
56.Op Fl t Ar tty
57.Op Fl w
58.Op Ar user ...
59.Sh DESCRIPTION
60.Nm Last
61will either list the sessions of specified
62.Ar users ,
63.Ar ttys ,
64and
65.Ar hosts ,
66in reverse time order,
67or list the users logged in at a specified date and time.
68Each line of output contains
69the user name, the tty from which the session was conducted, any
70hostname, the start and stop times for the session, and the duration
71of the session.
72If the session is still continuing or was cut short by
73a crash or shutdown,
74.Nm
75will so indicate.
76.Pp
77.Bl -tag -width indent-two
78.It Fl Ar n
79Limits the report to
80.Ar n
81lines.
82.It Fl d Ar date
83Specify the snapshot date and time.
84All users logged in at the snapshot date and time will
85be reported.
86This may be used with the
87.Fl f
88option to derive the results from stored wtmp files.
89When this argument is provided, all other options except for
90.Fl f
91and
92.Fl Ar n
93are ignored.
94The argument should be in the form
95.Sm off
96.Op Oo Ar CC Oc Ar YY
97.Op Ar MM DD
98.Ar hh mm
99.Op Ar .SS
100.Sm on
101where each pair of letters represents the following:
102.Pp
103.Bl -tag -width Ds -compact -offset indent
104.It Ar CC
105The first two digits of the year (the century).
106.It Ar YY
107The second two digits of the year.
108If
109.Ar YY
110is specified, but
111.Ar CC
112is not, a value for
113.Ar YY
114between 69 and 99 results in a
115.Ar CC
116value of 19.
117Otherwise, a
118.Ar CC
119value of 20 is used.
120.It Ar MM
121Month of the year, from 1 to 12.
122.It Ar DD
123Day of the month, from 1 to 31.
124.It Ar hh
125Hour of the day, from 0 to 23.
126.It Ar mm
127Minute of the hour, from 0 to 59.
128.It Ar SS
129Second of the minute, from 0 to 61.
130.El
131.Pp
132If the
133.Ar CC
134and
135.Ar YY
136letter pairs are not specified, the values default to the current
137year.
138If the
139.Ar SS
140letter pair is not specified, the value defaults to 0.
141.It Fl f Ar file
142.Nm Last
143reads the file
144.Ar file
145instead of the default,
146.Pa /var/log/wtmp .
147.It Fl h Ar host
148.Ar Host
149names may be names or internet numbers.
150.It Fl s
151Report the duration of the login session in seconds, instead of the
152default days, hours and minutes.
153.It Fl t Ar tty
154Specify the
155.Ar tty .
156Tty names may be given fully or abbreviated, for example,
157.Dq Li "last -t 03"
158is
159equivalent to
160.Dq Li "last -t tty03" .
161.It Fl w
162Widen the duration field to show seconds, as well as the
163default days, hours and minutes.
164.El
165.Pp
166If multiple arguments are given,
167and a snapshot time is not specified,
168the information which applies to any of the
169arguments is printed, e.g.,
170.Dq Li "last root -t console"
171would list all of
172.Dq Li root Ns 's
173sessions as well as all sessions on the console terminal.
174If no
175users, hostnames or terminals are specified,
176.Nm
177prints a record of
178all logins and logouts.
179.Pp
180The pseudo-user
181.Ar reboot
182logs in at reboots of the system, thus
183.Dq Li last reboot
184will give an indication of mean time between reboot.
185.Pp
186If
187.Nm
188is interrupted, it indicates to what date the search has
189progressed.
190If interrupted with a quit signal
191.Nm
192indicates how
193far the search has progressed and then continues.
194.Sh FILES
195.Bl -tag -width /var/log/wtmp -compact
196.It Pa /var/log/wtmp
197login data base
198.El
199.Sh SEE ALSO
200.Xr lastcomm 1 ,
201.Xr utmp 5 ,
202.Xr ac 8
203.Sh BUGS
204If a login shell should terminate abnormally for some reason, it is likely
205that a logout record won't be written to the wtmp file.
206In this case,
207.Nm
208will indicate the logout time as "shutdown".
209.Sh HISTORY
210.Nm Last
211appeared in
212.Bx 3.0 .
213