1.\" Copyright (c) 1993 2.\" The Regents of the University of California. All rights reserved. 3.\" 4.\" Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without 5.\" modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions 6.\" are met: 7.\" 1. Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright 8.\" notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer. 9.\" 2. Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above copyright 10.\" notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer in the 11.\" documentation and/or other materials provided with the distribution. 12.\" 3. Neither the name of the University nor the names of its contributors 13.\" may be used to endorse or promote products derived from this software 14.\" without specific prior written permission. 15.\" 16.\" THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE REGENTS AND CONTRIBUTORS ``AS IS'' AND 17.\" ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, THE 18.\" IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE 19.\" ARE DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE REGENTS OR CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE 20.\" FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL, SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL 21.\" DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS 22.\" OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE, DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION) 23.\" HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT 24.\" LIABILITY, OR TORT (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY 25.\" OUT OF THE USE OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF 26.\" SUCH DAMAGE. 27.\" 28.\" @(#)lam.1 8.1 (Berkeley) 6/6/93 29.\" $FreeBSD$ 30.\" 31.Dd April 7, 2015 32.Dt LAM 1 33.Os 34.Sh NAME 35.Nm lam 36.Nd laminate files 37.Sh SYNOPSIS 38.Nm 39.Op Fl f Ar min . Ns Ar max 40.Op Fl s Ar sepstring 41.Op Fl t Ar c 42.Ar 43.Nm 44.Op Fl p Ar min . Ns Ar max 45.Op Fl s Ar sepstring 46.Op Fl t Ar c 47.Ar 48.Sh DESCRIPTION 49The 50.Nm 51utility copies the named files side by side onto the standard output. 52The 53.Em n-th 54input lines from the input 55.Ar files 56are considered fragments of the single long 57.Em n-th 58output line into which they are assembled. 59The name `\fB\-\fP' means the standard input, and may be repeated. 60.Pp 61.Bl -tag -width indent 62.It Fl f Ar min . Ns Ar max , Fl F Ar min . Ns Ar max 63Print line fragments according to the format string 64.Ar min . Ns Ar max , 65where 66.Ar min 67is the minimum field width and 68.Ar max 69the maximum field width. 70If 71.Ar min 72begins with a zero, zeros will be added to make up the field width, 73and if it begins with a `\-', the fragment will be left-adjusted 74within the field. 75Using 76.Fl f 77applies only to the next file while 78.Fl F 79applies to all subsequent files until it appears again uncapitalized. 80.It Fl p Ar min . Ns Ar max , Fl P Ar min . Ns Ar max 81Like 82.Fl f , 83but pad this file's field when end-of-file is reached 84and other files are still active. 85Using 86.Fl p 87applies only to the next file while 88.Fl P 89applies to all subsequent files until it appears again uncapitalized. 90.It Fl s Ar sepstring , Fl S Ar sepstring 91Print 92.Ar sepstring 93before printing line fragments from the next file. 94This option may appear after the last file. 95Using 96.Fl s 97applies only to the next file while 98.Fl S 99applies to all subsequent files until it appears again uncapitalized. 100.It Fl t Ar c , Fl T Ar c 101The input line terminator is 102.Ar c 103instead of a newline. 104The newline normally appended to each output line is omitted. 105Using 106.Fl t 107applies only to the next file while 108.Fl T 109applies to all subsequent files until it appears again uncapitalized. 110.El 111.Pp 112To print files simultaneously for easy viewing use 113.Xr pr 1 . 114.Sh EXAMPLES 115The command 116.Bd -literal 117lam file1 file2 file3 file4 118.Ed 119.Pp 120joins 4 files together along each line. 121To merge the lines from four different files use 122.Bd -literal 123lam file1 \-S "\\ 124" file2 file3 file4 125.Ed 126.Pp 127Every 2 lines of a file may be joined on one line with 128.Bd -literal 129lam \- \- < file 130.Ed 131.Pp 132and a form letter with substitutions keyed by `@' can be done with 133.Bd -literal 134lam \-t @ letter changes 135.Ed 136.Sh SEE ALSO 137.Xr join 1 , 138.Xr paste 1 , 139.Xr pr 1 , 140.Xr printf 3 141.Sh STANDARDS 142Some of the functionality of 143.Nm 144is standardized as the 145.Xr paste 1 146utility by 147.St -p1003.2 . 148.Sh HISTORY 149The 150.Nm 151utility first appeared in 152.Bx 4.2 . 153.Sh AUTHORS 154.An John A. Kunze 155.Sh BUGS 156The 157.Nm 158utility does not recognize multibyte characters. 159