1.\" Copyright (c) 1993 2.\" The Regents of the University of California. All rights reserved. 3.\" 4.\" Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without 5.\" modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions 6.\" are met: 7.\" 1. Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright 8.\" notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer. 9.\" 2. Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above copyright 10.\" notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer in the 11.\" documentation and/or other materials provided with the distribution. 12.\" 3. Neither the name of the University nor the names of its contributors 13.\" may be used to endorse or promote products derived from this software 14.\" without specific prior written permission. 15.\" 16.\" THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE REGENTS AND CONTRIBUTORS ``AS IS'' AND 17.\" ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, THE 18.\" IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE 19.\" ARE DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE REGENTS OR CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE 20.\" FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL, SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL 21.\" DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS 22.\" OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE, DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION) 23.\" HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT 24.\" LIABILITY, OR TORT (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY 25.\" OUT OF THE USE OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF 26.\" SUCH DAMAGE. 27.\" 28.Dd April 7, 2015 29.Dt LAM 1 30.Os 31.Sh NAME 32.Nm lam 33.Nd laminate files 34.Sh SYNOPSIS 35.Nm 36.Op Fl f Ar min . Ns Ar max 37.Op Fl s Ar sepstring 38.Op Fl t Ar c 39.Ar 40.Nm 41.Op Fl p Ar min . Ns Ar max 42.Op Fl s Ar sepstring 43.Op Fl t Ar c 44.Ar 45.Sh DESCRIPTION 46The 47.Nm 48utility copies the named files side by side onto the standard output. 49The 50.Em n-th 51input lines from the input 52.Ar files 53are considered fragments of the single long 54.Em n-th 55output line into which they are assembled. 56The name `\fB\-\fP' means the standard input, and may be repeated. 57.Pp 58.Bl -tag -width indent 59.It Fl f Ar min . Ns Ar max , Fl F Ar min . Ns Ar max 60Print line fragments according to the format string 61.Ar min . Ns Ar max , 62where 63.Ar min 64is the minimum field width and 65.Ar max 66the maximum field width. 67If 68.Ar min 69begins with a zero, zeros will be added to make up the field width, 70and if it begins with a `\-', the fragment will be left-adjusted 71within the field. 72Using 73.Fl f 74applies only to the next file while 75.Fl F 76applies to all subsequent files until it appears again uncapitalized. 77.It Fl p Ar min . Ns Ar max , Fl P Ar min . Ns Ar max 78Like 79.Fl f , 80but pad this file's field when end-of-file is reached 81and other files are still active. 82Using 83.Fl p 84applies only to the next file while 85.Fl P 86applies to all subsequent files until it appears again uncapitalized. 87.It Fl s Ar sepstring , Fl S Ar sepstring 88Print 89.Ar sepstring 90before printing line fragments from the next file. 91This option may appear after the last file. 92Using 93.Fl s 94applies only to the next file while 95.Fl S 96applies to all subsequent files until it appears again uncapitalized. 97.It Fl t Ar c , Fl T Ar c 98The input line terminator is 99.Ar c 100instead of a newline. 101The newline normally appended to each output line is omitted. 102Using 103.Fl t 104applies only to the next file while 105.Fl T 106applies to all subsequent files until it appears again uncapitalized. 107.El 108.Pp 109To print files simultaneously for easy viewing use 110.Xr pr 1 . 111.Sh EXAMPLES 112The command 113.Bd -literal 114lam file1 file2 file3 file4 115.Ed 116.Pp 117joins 4 files together along each line. 118To merge the lines from four different files use 119.Bd -literal 120lam file1 \-S "\\ 121" file2 file3 file4 122.Ed 123.Pp 124Every 2 lines of a file may be joined on one line with 125.Bd -literal 126lam \- \- < file 127.Ed 128.Pp 129and a form letter with substitutions keyed by `@' can be done with 130.Bd -literal 131lam \-t @ letter changes 132.Ed 133.Sh SEE ALSO 134.Xr join 1 , 135.Xr paste 1 , 136.Xr pr 1 , 137.Xr printf 3 138.Sh STANDARDS 139Some of the functionality of 140.Nm 141is standardized as the 142.Xr paste 1 143utility by 144.St -p1003.2 . 145.Sh HISTORY 146The 147.Nm 148utility first appeared in 149.Bx 4.2 . 150.Sh AUTHORS 151.An John A. Kunze 152.Sh BUGS 153The 154.Nm 155utility does not recognize multibyte characters. 156