1.\" Copyright (c) 1993 2.\" The Regents of the University of California. All rights reserved. 3.\" 4.\" Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without 5.\" modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions 6.\" are met: 7.\" 1. Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright 8.\" notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer. 9.\" 2. Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above copyright 10.\" notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer in the 11.\" documentation and/or other materials provided with the distribution. 12.\" 3. Neither the name of the University nor the names of its contributors 13.\" may be used to endorse or promote products derived from this software 14.\" without specific prior written permission. 15.\" 16.\" THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE REGENTS AND CONTRIBUTORS ``AS IS'' AND 17.\" ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, THE 18.\" IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE 19.\" ARE DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE REGENTS OR CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE 20.\" FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL, SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL 21.\" DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS 22.\" OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE, DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION) 23.\" HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT 24.\" LIABILITY, OR TORT (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY 25.\" OUT OF THE USE OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF 26.\" SUCH DAMAGE. 27.\" 28.\" @(#)lam.1 8.1 (Berkeley) 6/6/93 29.\" 30.Dd April 7, 2015 31.Dt LAM 1 32.Os 33.Sh NAME 34.Nm lam 35.Nd laminate files 36.Sh SYNOPSIS 37.Nm 38.Op Fl f Ar min . Ns Ar max 39.Op Fl s Ar sepstring 40.Op Fl t Ar c 41.Ar 42.Nm 43.Op Fl p Ar min . Ns Ar max 44.Op Fl s Ar sepstring 45.Op Fl t Ar c 46.Ar 47.Sh DESCRIPTION 48The 49.Nm 50utility copies the named files side by side onto the standard output. 51The 52.Em n-th 53input lines from the input 54.Ar files 55are considered fragments of the single long 56.Em n-th 57output line into which they are assembled. 58The name `\fB\-\fP' means the standard input, and may be repeated. 59.Pp 60.Bl -tag -width indent 61.It Fl f Ar min . Ns Ar max , Fl F Ar min . Ns Ar max 62Print line fragments according to the format string 63.Ar min . Ns Ar max , 64where 65.Ar min 66is the minimum field width and 67.Ar max 68the maximum field width. 69If 70.Ar min 71begins with a zero, zeros will be added to make up the field width, 72and if it begins with a `\-', the fragment will be left-adjusted 73within the field. 74Using 75.Fl f 76applies only to the next file while 77.Fl F 78applies to all subsequent files until it appears again uncapitalized. 79.It Fl p Ar min . Ns Ar max , Fl P Ar min . Ns Ar max 80Like 81.Fl f , 82but pad this file's field when end-of-file is reached 83and other files are still active. 84Using 85.Fl p 86applies only to the next file while 87.Fl P 88applies to all subsequent files until it appears again uncapitalized. 89.It Fl s Ar sepstring , Fl S Ar sepstring 90Print 91.Ar sepstring 92before printing line fragments from the next file. 93This option may appear after the last file. 94Using 95.Fl s 96applies only to the next file while 97.Fl S 98applies to all subsequent files until it appears again uncapitalized. 99.It Fl t Ar c , Fl T Ar c 100The input line terminator is 101.Ar c 102instead of a newline. 103The newline normally appended to each output line is omitted. 104Using 105.Fl t 106applies only to the next file while 107.Fl T 108applies to all subsequent files until it appears again uncapitalized. 109.El 110.Pp 111To print files simultaneously for easy viewing use 112.Xr pr 1 . 113.Sh EXAMPLES 114The command 115.Bd -literal 116lam file1 file2 file3 file4 117.Ed 118.Pp 119joins 4 files together along each line. 120To merge the lines from four different files use 121.Bd -literal 122lam file1 \-S "\\ 123" file2 file3 file4 124.Ed 125.Pp 126Every 2 lines of a file may be joined on one line with 127.Bd -literal 128lam \- \- < file 129.Ed 130.Pp 131and a form letter with substitutions keyed by `@' can be done with 132.Bd -literal 133lam \-t @ letter changes 134.Ed 135.Sh SEE ALSO 136.Xr join 1 , 137.Xr paste 1 , 138.Xr pr 1 , 139.Xr printf 3 140.Sh STANDARDS 141Some of the functionality of 142.Nm 143is standardized as the 144.Xr paste 1 145utility by 146.St -p1003.2 . 147.Sh HISTORY 148The 149.Nm 150utility first appeared in 151.Bx 4.2 . 152.Sh AUTHORS 153.An John A. Kunze 154.Sh BUGS 155The 156.Nm 157utility does not recognize multibyte characters. 158