xref: /freebsd/usr.bin/ktrdump/ktrdump.c (revision 783d3ff6d7fae619db8a7990b8a6387de0c677b5)
1 /*-
2  * SPDX-License-Identifier: BSD-2-Clause
3  *
4  * Copyright (c) 2002 Jake Burkholder
5  * Copyright (c) 2004 Robert Watson
6  * All rights reserved.
7  *
8  * Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
9  * modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions
10  * are met:
11  * 1. Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright
12  *    notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
13  * 2. Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above copyright
14  *    notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer in the
15  *    documentation and/or other materials provided with the distribution.
16  *
17  * THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE AUTHOR AND CONTRIBUTORS ``AS IS'' AND
18  * ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, THE
19  * IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE
20  * ARE DISCLAIMED.  IN NO EVENT SHALL THE AUTHOR OR CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE
21  * FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL, SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL
22  * DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS
23  * OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE, DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION)
24  * HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT
25  * LIABILITY, OR TORT (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY
26  * OUT OF THE USE OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF
27  * SUCH DAMAGE.
28  */
29 
30 #include <sys/types.h>
31 #include <sys/capsicum.h>
32 #include <sys/ktr.h>
33 #include <sys/mman.h>
34 #include <sys/stat.h>
35 
36 #include <capsicum_helpers.h>
37 #include <err.h>
38 #include <errno.h>
39 #include <fcntl.h>
40 #include <kvm.h>
41 #include <limits.h>
42 #include <nlist.h>
43 #include <stdint.h>
44 #include <stdio.h>
45 #include <stdlib.h>
46 #include <string.h>
47 #include <unistd.h>
48 
49 #define	SBUFLEN	128
50 #define	USAGE \
51 	"usage: ktrdump [-cflqrtH] [-i ktrfile] [-M core] [-N system] [-o outfile]\n"
52 
53 static void usage(void) __dead2;
54 
55 static struct nlist nl[] = {
56 	{ .n_name = "_ktr_version" },
57 	{ .n_name = "_ktr_entries" },
58 	{ .n_name = "_ktr_idx" },
59 	{ .n_name = "_ktr_buf" },
60 	{ .n_name = NULL }
61 };
62 
63 static int cflag;
64 static int fflag;
65 static int lflag;
66 static int Mflag;
67 static int Nflag;
68 static int qflag;
69 static int rflag;
70 static int tflag;
71 static int iflag;
72 static int hflag;
73 
74 static char corefile[PATH_MAX];
75 static char execfile[PATH_MAX];
76 static char outfile[PATH_MAX] = "stdout";
77 
78 static char desc[SBUFLEN];
79 static char errbuf[_POSIX2_LINE_MAX];
80 static char fbuf[PATH_MAX];
81 static char obuf[PATH_MAX];
82 static char sbuf[KTR_PARMS][SBUFLEN];
83 
84 /*
85  * Reads the ktr trace buffer from kernel memory and prints the trace entries.
86  */
87 int
88 main(int ac, char **av)
89 {
90 	u_long parms[KTR_PARMS];
91 	struct ktr_entry *buf;
92 	uintmax_t tlast, tnow;
93 	unsigned long bufptr;
94 	cap_rights_t rights;
95 	struct stat sb;
96 	kvm_t *kd;
97 	FILE *out;
98 	char *p;
99 	int version;
100 	int entries;
101 	int count;
102 	int index, index2;
103 	int parm;
104 	int in;
105 	int c;
106 	int i = 0;
107 
108 	/*
109 	 * Parse commandline arguments.
110 	 */
111 	out = stdout;
112 	while ((c = getopt(ac, av, "cflqrtHe:i:m:M:N:o:")) != -1)
113 		switch (c) {
114 		case 'c':
115 			cflag = 1;
116 			break;
117 		case 'N':
118 		case 'e':
119 			if (strlcpy(execfile, optarg, sizeof(execfile))
120 			    >= sizeof(execfile))
121 				errx(1, "%s: File name too long", optarg);
122 			Nflag = 1;
123 			break;
124 		case 'f':
125 			fflag = 1;
126 			break;
127 		case 'i':
128 			iflag = 1;
129 			if ((in = open(optarg, O_RDONLY)) == -1)
130 				err(1, "%s", optarg);
131 			cap_rights_init(&rights, CAP_FSTAT, CAP_MMAP_R);
132 			if (caph_rights_limit(in, &rights) < 0)
133 				err(1, "unable to limit rights for %s",
134 				    optarg);
135 			break;
136 		case 'l':
137 			lflag = 1;
138 			break;
139 		case 'M':
140 		case 'm':
141 			if (strlcpy(corefile, optarg, sizeof(corefile))
142 			    >= sizeof(corefile))
143 				errx(1, "%s: File name too long", optarg);
144 			Mflag = 1;
145 			break;
146 		case 'o':
147 			if ((out = fopen(optarg, "w")) == NULL)
148 				err(1, "%s", optarg);
149 			strlcpy(outfile, optarg, sizeof(outfile));
150 			break;
151 		case 'q':
152 			qflag++;
153 			break;
154 		case 'r':
155 			rflag = 1;
156 			break;
157 		case 't':
158 			tflag = 1;
159 			break;
160 		case 'H':
161 			hflag = 1;
162 			break;
163 		case '?':
164 		default:
165 			usage();
166 		}
167 	ac -= optind;
168 	av += optind;
169 	if (ac != 0)
170 		usage();
171 
172 	if (caph_limit_stream(fileno(out), CAPH_WRITE) < 0)
173 		err(1, "unable to limit rights for %s", outfile);
174 	if (caph_limit_stderr() < 0)
175 		err(1, "unable to limit rights for stderr");
176 
177 	/*
178 	 * Open our execfile and corefile, resolve needed symbols and read in
179 	 * the trace buffer.
180 	 */
181 	if ((kd = kvm_openfiles(Nflag ? execfile : NULL,
182 	    Mflag ? corefile : NULL, NULL, O_RDONLY, errbuf)) == NULL)
183 		errx(1, "%s", errbuf);
184 
185 	/*
186 	 * Cache NLS data, for strerror, for err(3), before entering capability
187 	 * mode.
188 	 */
189 	caph_cache_catpages();
190 
191 	count = kvm_nlist(kd, nl);
192 	if (count == -1)
193 		errx(1, "%s", kvm_geterr(kd));
194 	if (count > 0)
195 		errx(1, "failed to resolve ktr symbols");
196 	if (kvm_read(kd, nl[0].n_value, &version, sizeof(version)) == -1)
197 		errx(1, "%s", kvm_geterr(kd));
198 	if (version != KTR_VERSION)
199 		errx(1, "ktr version mismatch");
200 
201 	/*
202 	 * Enter Capsicum sandbox.
203 	 *
204 	 * kvm_nlist() above uses kldsym(2) for native kernels, and that isn't
205 	 * allowed in the sandbox.
206 	 */
207 	if (caph_enter() < 0)
208 		err(1, "unable to enter capability mode");
209 
210 	if (iflag) {
211 		if (fstat(in, &sb) == -1)
212 			errx(1, "stat");
213 		entries = sb.st_size / sizeof(*buf);
214 		index = 0;
215 		buf = mmap(NULL, sb.st_size, PROT_READ, MAP_SHARED, in, 0);
216 		if (buf == MAP_FAILED)
217 			errx(1, "mmap");
218 	} else {
219 		if (kvm_read(kd, nl[1].n_value, &entries, sizeof(entries))
220 		    == -1)
221 			errx(1, "%s", kvm_geterr(kd));
222 		if ((buf = malloc(sizeof(*buf) * entries)) == NULL)
223 			err(1, NULL);
224 		if (kvm_read(kd, nl[2].n_value, &index, sizeof(index)) == -1 ||
225 		    kvm_read(kd, nl[3].n_value, &bufptr,
226 		    sizeof(bufptr)) == -1 ||
227 		    kvm_read(kd, bufptr, buf, sizeof(*buf) * entries) == -1 ||
228 		    kvm_read(kd, nl[2].n_value, &index2, sizeof(index2)) == -1)
229 			errx(1, "%s", kvm_geterr(kd));
230 	}
231 
232 	/*
233 	 * Print a nice header.
234 	 */
235 	if (!qflag) {
236 		fprintf(out, "%-6s ", "index");
237 		if (cflag)
238 			fprintf(out, "%-3s ", "cpu");
239 		if (tflag)
240 			fprintf(out, "%-16s ", "timestamp");
241 		if (fflag)
242 			fprintf(out, "%-40s ", "file and line");
243 		if (hflag)
244 			fprintf(out, "%-18s ", "tid");
245 		fprintf(out, "%s", "trace");
246 		fprintf(out, "\n");
247 
248 		fprintf(out, "------ ");
249 		if (cflag)
250 			fprintf(out, "--- ");
251 		if (tflag)
252 			fprintf(out, "---------------- ");
253 		if (fflag)
254 			fprintf(out,
255 			    "---------------------------------------- ");
256 		if (hflag)
257 			fprintf(out, "------------------ ");
258 		fprintf(out, "----- ");
259 		fprintf(out, "\n");
260 	}
261 
262 	tlast = UINTPTR_MAX;
263 	/*
264 	 * Now tear through the trace buffer.
265 	 *
266 	 * In "live" mode, find the oldest entry (first non-NULL entry
267 	 * after index2) and walk forward.  Otherwise, start with the
268 	 * most recent entry and walk backwards.
269 	 */
270 	if (!iflag) {
271 		if (lflag) {
272 			i = index2 + 1 % entries;
273 			while (buf[i].ktr_desc == NULL && i != index) {
274 				i++;
275 				if (i == entries)
276 					i = 0;
277 			}
278 		} else {
279 			i = index - 1;
280 			if (i < 0)
281 				i = entries - 1;
282 		}
283 	}
284 dump_entries:
285 	for (;;) {
286 		if (buf[i].ktr_desc == NULL)
287 			break;
288 		if (kvm_read(kd, (u_long)buf[i].ktr_desc, desc,
289 		    sizeof(desc)) == -1)
290 			errx(1, "%s", kvm_geterr(kd));
291 		desc[sizeof(desc) - 1] = '\0';
292 		parm = 0;
293 		for (p = desc; (c = *p++) != '\0';) {
294 			if (c != '%')
295 				continue;
296 next:			if ((c = *p++) == '\0')
297 				break;
298 			if (c == '%')
299 				continue;
300 			if (parm == KTR_PARMS)
301 				errx(1, "too many parameters in \"%s\"", desc);
302 			switch (c) {
303 			case '0': case '1': case '2': case '3': case '4':
304 			case '5': case '6': case '7': case '8': case '9':
305 			case '#': case '-': case ' ': case '+': case '\'':
306 			case 'h': case 'l': case 'j': case 't': case 'z':
307 			case 'q': case 'L': case '.':
308 				goto next;
309 			case 's':
310 				if (kvm_read(kd, (u_long)buf[i].ktr_parms[parm],
311 				    sbuf[parm], sizeof(sbuf[parm])) == -1)
312 					strcpy(sbuf[parm], "(null)");
313 				sbuf[parm][sizeof(sbuf[0]) - 1] = '\0';
314 				parms[parm] = (u_long)sbuf[parm];
315 				parm++;
316 				break;
317 			default:
318 				parms[parm] = buf[i].ktr_parms[parm];
319 				parm++;
320 				break;
321 			}
322 		}
323 		fprintf(out, "%6d ", i);
324 		if (cflag)
325 			fprintf(out, "%3d ", buf[i].ktr_cpu);
326 		if (tflag) {
327 			tnow = (uintmax_t)buf[i].ktr_timestamp;
328 			if (rflag) {
329 				if (tlast == UINTPTR_MAX)
330 					tlast = tnow;
331 				fprintf(out, "%16ju ", !iflag ? tlast - tnow :
332 				    tnow - tlast);
333 				tlast = tnow;
334 			} else
335 				fprintf(out, "%16ju ", tnow);
336 		}
337 		if (fflag) {
338 			if (kvm_read(kd, (u_long)buf[i].ktr_file, fbuf,
339 			    sizeof(fbuf)) == -1)
340 				strcpy(fbuf, "(null)");
341 			snprintf(obuf, sizeof(obuf), "%s:%d", fbuf,
342 			    buf[i].ktr_line);
343 			fprintf(out, "%-40s ", obuf);
344 		}
345 		if (hflag)
346 			fprintf(out, "%p ", buf[i].ktr_thread);
347 		fprintf(out, desc, parms[0], parms[1], parms[2], parms[3],
348 		    parms[4], parms[5]);
349 		fprintf(out, "\n");
350 		if (!iflag) {
351 			/*
352 			 * 'index' and 'index2' are the values of 'ktr_idx'
353 			 * before and after the KTR buffer was copied into
354 			 * 'buf'. Since the KTR entries between 'index' and
355 			 * 'index2' were in flux while the KTR buffer was
356 			 * being copied to userspace we don't dump them.
357 			 */
358 			if (lflag) {
359 				if (++i == entries)
360 					i = 0;
361 				if (i == index)
362 					break;
363 			} else {
364 				if (i == index2)
365 					break;
366 				if (--i < 0)
367 					i = entries - 1;
368 			}
369 		} else {
370 			if (++i == entries)
371 				break;
372 		}
373 	}
374 
375 	/*
376 	 * In "live" mode, poll 'ktr_idx' periodically and dump any
377 	 * new entries since our last pass through the ring.
378 	 */
379 	if (lflag && !iflag) {
380 		while (index == index2) {
381 			usleep(50 * 1000);
382 			if (kvm_read(kd, nl[2].n_value, &index2,
383 			    sizeof(index2)) == -1)
384 				errx(1, "%s", kvm_geterr(kd));
385 		}
386 		i = index;
387 		index = index2;
388 		if (kvm_read(kd, bufptr, buf, sizeof(*buf) * entries) == -1 ||
389 		    kvm_read(kd, nl[2].n_value, &index2, sizeof(index2)) == -1)
390 			errx(1, "%s", kvm_geterr(kd));
391 		goto dump_entries;
392 	}
393 
394 	return (0);
395 }
396 
397 static void
398 usage(void)
399 {
400 
401 	fprintf(stderr, USAGE);
402 	exit(1);
403 }
404