1.\" Copyright (c) 1993 2.\" The Regents of the University of California. All rights reserved. 3.\" 4.\" Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without 5.\" modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions 6.\" are met: 7.\" 1. Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright 8.\" notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer. 9.\" 2. Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above copyright 10.\" notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer in the 11.\" documentation and/or other materials provided with the distribution. 12.\" 3. All advertising materials mentioning features or use of this software 13.\" must display the following acknowledgement: 14.\" This product includes software developed by the University of 15.\" California, Berkeley and its contributors. 16.\" 4. Neither the name of the University nor the names of its contributors 17.\" may be used to endorse or promote products derived from this software 18.\" without specific prior written permission. 19.\" 20.\" THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE REGENTS AND CONTRIBUTORS ``AS IS'' AND 21.\" ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, THE 22.\" IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE 23.\" ARE DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE REGENTS OR CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE 24.\" FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL, SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL 25.\" DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS 26.\" OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE, DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION) 27.\" HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT 28.\" LIABILITY, OR TORT (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY 29.\" OUT OF THE USE OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF 30.\" SUCH DAMAGE. 31.\" 32.\" @(#)jot.1 8.1 (Berkeley) 6/6/93 33.\" $FreeBSD$ 34.\" 35.Dd June 6, 1993 36.Dt JOT 1 37.Os 38.Sh NAME 39.Nm jot 40.Nd print sequential or random data 41.Sh SYNOPSIS 42.Nm 43.Op Fl cnr 44.Op Fl b Ar word 45.Op Fl w Ar word 46.Op Fl s Ar string 47.Op Fl p Ar precision 48.Op Ar reps Op Ar begin Op Ar end Op Ar s 49.Sh DESCRIPTION 50The 51.Nm 52utility is used to print out increasing, decreasing, random, 53or redundant data, usually numbers, one per line. 54.Pp 55The following options are available: 56.Bl -tag -width indent 57.It Fl r 58Generate random data instead of the default sequential data. 59.It Fl b Ar word 60Just print 61.Ar word 62repetitively. 63.It Fl w Ar word 64Print 65.Ar word 66with the generated data appended to it. 67Octal, hexadecimal, exponential, 68.Tn ASCII , 69zero padded, 70and right-adjusted representations 71are possible by using the appropriate 72.Xr printf 3 73conversion specification inside 74.Ar word , 75in which case the data are inserted rather than appended. 76.It Fl c 77This is an abbreviation for 78.Fl w Ar %c . 79.It Fl s Ar string 80Print data separated by 81.Ar string . 82Normally, newlines separate data. 83.It Fl n 84Do not print the final newline normally appended to the output. 85.It Fl p Ar precision 86Print only as many digits or characters of the data 87as indicated by the integer 88.Ar precision . 89In the absence of 90.Fl p , 91the precision is the greater of the precisions of 92.Ar begin 93and 94.Ar end . 95The 96.Fl p 97option is overridden by whatever appears in a 98.Xr printf 3 99conversion following 100.Fl w . 101.El 102.Pp 103The last four arguments indicate, respectively, 104the number of data, the lower bound, the upper bound, 105and the step size or, for random data, the seed. 106While at least one of them must appear, 107any of the other three may be omitted, and 108will be considered as such if given as 109.Fl "" 110or as an empty string. 111Any three of these arguments determines the fourth. 112If four are specified and the given and computed values of 113.Ar reps 114conflict, the lower value is used. 115If fewer than three are specified, defaults are assigned 116left to right, except for 117.Ar s , 118which assumes its default unless both 119.Ar begin 120and 121.Ar end 122are given. 123.Pp 124Defaults for the four arguments are, respectively, 125100, 1, 100, and 1, except that when random data are requested, 126the seed, 127.Ar s , 128is picked randomly. 129The 130.Ar reps 131argument is expected to be an unsigned integer, 132and if given as zero is taken to be infinite. 133The 134.Ar begin 135and 136.Ar end 137arguments may be given as real numbers or as characters 138representing the corresponding value in 139.Tn ASCII . 140The last argument must be a real number. 141.Pp 142Random numbers are obtained through 143.Xr arc4random 3 144when no seed is specified, 145and through 146.Xr random 3 147when a seed is given. 148The name 149.Nm 150derives in part from 151.Nm iota , 152a function in APL. 153.Sh EXIT STATUS 154.Ex -std 155.Sh EXAMPLES 156The command 157.Dl jot 21 -1 1.00 158.Pp 159prints 21 evenly spaced numbers increasing from -1 to 1. 160The 161.Tn ASCII 162character set is generated with 163.Dl jot -c 128 0 164.Pp 165and the strings xaa through xaz with 166.Dl jot -w xa%c 26 a 167.Pp 168while 20 random 8-letter strings are produced with 169.Dl "jot -r -c 160 a z | rs -g 0 8" 170.Pp 171Infinitely many 172.Em yes Ns 's 173may be obtained through 174.Dl jot -b yes 0 175.Pp 176and thirty 177.Xr ed 1 178substitution commands applying to lines 2, 7, 12, etc.\& is 179the result of 180.Dl jot -w %ds/old/new/ 30 2 - 5 181.Pp 182The stuttering sequence 9, 9, 8, 8, 7, etc.\& can be 183produced by suitable choice of step size, 184as in 185.Dl jot - 9 0 -.5 186.Pp 187and a file containing exactly 1024 bytes is created with 188.Dl jot -b x 512 > block 189.Pp 190Finally, to set tabs four spaces apart starting 191from column 10 and ending in column 132, use 192.Dl expand -`jot -s, - 10 132 4` 193.Pp 194and to print all lines 80 characters or longer, 195.Dl grep `jot -s \&"\&" -b \&. 80` 196.Sh DIAGNOSTICS 197The following diagnostic messages deserve special explanation: 198.Bl -diag 199.It "illegal or unsupported format '%s'" 200The requested conversion format specifier for 201.Xr printf 3 202was not of the form 203.Dl %[#][ ][{+,-}][0-9]*[.[0-9]*]? 204where 205.Dq ?\& 206must be one of 207.Dl [l]{d,i,o,u,x} 208or 209.Dl {c,e,f,g,D,E,G,O,U,X} 210.It "range error in conversion" 211A value to be printed fell outside the range of the data type 212associated with the requested output format. 213.It "too many conversions" 214More than one conversion format specifier has been supplied, 215but only one is allowed. 216.El 217.Sh SEE ALSO 218.Xr ed 1 , 219.Xr expand 1 , 220.Xr rs 1 , 221.Xr yes 1 , 222.Xr arc4random 3 , 223.Xr printf 3 , 224.Xr random 3 225.Sh HISTORY 226The 227.Nm 228utility first appeared in 229.Bx 4.2 . 230