xref: /freebsd/usr.bin/join/join.c (revision cd0d51baaa4509a1db83251a601d34404d20c990)
1 /*-
2  * SPDX-License-Identifier: BSD-3-Clause
3  *
4  * Copyright (c) 1991, 1993, 1994
5  *	The Regents of the University of California.  All rights reserved.
6  *
7  * This code is derived from software contributed to Berkeley by
8  * Steve Hayman of the Computer Science Department, Indiana University,
9  * Michiro Hikida and David Goodenough.
10  *
11  * Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
12  * modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions
13  * are met:
14  * 1. Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright
15  *    notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
16  * 2. Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above copyright
17  *    notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer in the
18  *    documentation and/or other materials provided with the distribution.
19  * 3. Neither the name of the University nor the names of its contributors
20  *    may be used to endorse or promote products derived from this software
21  *    without specific prior written permission.
22  *
23  * THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE REGENTS AND CONTRIBUTORS ``AS IS'' AND
24  * ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, THE
25  * IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE
26  * ARE DISCLAIMED.  IN NO EVENT SHALL THE REGENTS OR CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE
27  * FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL, SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL
28  * DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS
29  * OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE, DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION)
30  * HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT
31  * LIABILITY, OR TORT (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY
32  * OUT OF THE USE OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF
33  * SUCH DAMAGE.
34  */
35 
36 #ifndef lint
37 static const char copyright[] =
38 "@(#) Copyright (c) 1991, 1993, 1994\n\
39 	The Regents of the University of California.  All rights reserved.\n";
40 #endif /* not lint */
41 
42 #ifndef lint
43 #if 0
44 static char sccsid[] = "@(#)join.c	8.6 (Berkeley) 5/4/95";
45 #endif
46 #endif /* not lint */
47 #include <sys/cdefs.h>
48 __FBSDID("$FreeBSD$");
49 
50 #include <sys/param.h>
51 
52 #include <err.h>
53 #include <errno.h>
54 #include <limits.h>
55 #include <locale.h>
56 #include <stdio.h>
57 #include <stdlib.h>
58 #include <string.h>
59 #include <unistd.h>
60 #include <wchar.h>
61 
62 /*
63  * There's a structure per input file which encapsulates the state of the
64  * file.  We repeatedly read lines from each file until we've read in all
65  * the consecutive lines from the file with a common join field.  Then we
66  * compare the set of lines with an equivalent set from the other file.
67  */
68 typedef struct {
69 	char *line;		/* line */
70 	u_long linealloc;	/* line allocated count */
71 	char **fields;		/* line field(s) */
72 	u_long fieldcnt;	/* line field(s) count */
73 	u_long fieldalloc;	/* line field(s) allocated count */
74 } LINE;
75 
76 typedef struct {
77 	FILE *fp;		/* file descriptor */
78 	u_long joinf;		/* join field (-1, -2, -j) */
79 	int unpair;		/* output unpairable lines (-a) */
80 	u_long number;		/* 1 for file 1, 2 for file 2 */
81 
82 	LINE *set;		/* set of lines with same field */
83 	int pushbool;		/* if pushback is set */
84 	u_long pushback;	/* line on the stack */
85 	u_long setcnt;		/* set count */
86 	u_long setalloc;	/* set allocated count */
87 } INPUT;
88 static INPUT input1 = { NULL, 0, 0, 1, NULL, 0, 0, 0, 0 },
89     input2 = { NULL, 0, 0, 2, NULL, 0, 0, 0, 0 };
90 
91 typedef struct {
92 	u_long	filenum;	/* file number */
93 	u_long	fieldno;	/* field number */
94 } OLIST;
95 static OLIST *olist;		/* output field list */
96 static u_long olistcnt;		/* output field list count */
97 static u_long olistalloc;	/* output field allocated count */
98 
99 static int joinout = 1;		/* show lines with matched join fields (-v) */
100 static int needsep;		/* need separator character */
101 static int spans = 1;		/* span multiple delimiters (-t) */
102 static char *empty;		/* empty field replacement string (-e) */
103 static wchar_t default_tabchar[] = L" \t";
104 static wchar_t *tabchar = default_tabchar; /* delimiter characters (-t) */
105 
106 static int  cmp(LINE *, u_long, LINE *, u_long);
107 static void fieldarg(char *);
108 static void joinlines(INPUT *, INPUT *);
109 static int  mbscoll(const char *, const char *);
110 static char *mbssep(char **, const wchar_t *);
111 static void obsolete(char **);
112 static void outfield(LINE *, u_long, int);
113 static void outoneline(INPUT *, LINE *);
114 static void outtwoline(INPUT *, LINE *, INPUT *, LINE *);
115 static void slurp(INPUT *);
116 static wchar_t *towcs(const char *);
117 static void usage(void);
118 
119 int
120 main(int argc, char *argv[])
121 {
122 	INPUT *F1, *F2;
123 	int aflag, ch, cval, vflag;
124 	char *end;
125 
126 	setlocale(LC_ALL, "");
127 
128 	F1 = &input1;
129 	F2 = &input2;
130 
131 	aflag = vflag = 0;
132 	obsolete(argv);
133 	while ((ch = getopt(argc, argv, "\01a:e:j:1:2:o:t:v:")) != -1) {
134 		switch (ch) {
135 		case '\01':		/* See comment in obsolete(). */
136 			aflag = 1;
137 			F1->unpair = F2->unpair = 1;
138 			break;
139 		case '1':
140 			if ((F1->joinf = strtol(optarg, &end, 10)) < 1)
141 				errx(1, "-1 option field number less than 1");
142 			if (*end)
143 				errx(1, "illegal field number -- %s", optarg);
144 			--F1->joinf;
145 			break;
146 		case '2':
147 			if ((F2->joinf = strtol(optarg, &end, 10)) < 1)
148 				errx(1, "-2 option field number less than 1");
149 			if (*end)
150 				errx(1, "illegal field number -- %s", optarg);
151 			--F2->joinf;
152 			break;
153 		case 'a':
154 			aflag = 1;
155 			switch(strtol(optarg, &end, 10)) {
156 			case 1:
157 				F1->unpair = 1;
158 				break;
159 			case 2:
160 				F2->unpair = 1;
161 				break;
162 			default:
163 				errx(1, "-a option file number not 1 or 2");
164 				break;
165 			}
166 			if (*end)
167 				errx(1, "illegal file number -- %s", optarg);
168 			break;
169 		case 'e':
170 			empty = optarg;
171 			break;
172 		case 'j':
173 			if ((F1->joinf = F2->joinf =
174 			    strtol(optarg, &end, 10)) < 1)
175 				errx(1, "-j option field number less than 1");
176 			if (*end)
177 				errx(1, "illegal field number -- %s", optarg);
178 			--F1->joinf;
179 			--F2->joinf;
180 			break;
181 		case 'o':
182 			fieldarg(optarg);
183 			break;
184 		case 't':
185 			spans = 0;
186 			if (mbrtowc(&tabchar[0], optarg, MB_LEN_MAX, NULL) !=
187 			    strlen(optarg))
188 				errx(1, "illegal tab character specification");
189 			tabchar[1] = L'\0';
190 			break;
191 		case 'v':
192 			vflag = 1;
193 			joinout = 0;
194 			switch (strtol(optarg, &end, 10)) {
195 			case 1:
196 				F1->unpair = 1;
197 				break;
198 			case 2:
199 				F2->unpair = 1;
200 				break;
201 			default:
202 				errx(1, "-v option file number not 1 or 2");
203 				break;
204 			}
205 			if (*end)
206 				errx(1, "illegal file number -- %s", optarg);
207 			break;
208 		case '?':
209 		default:
210 			usage();
211 		}
212 	}
213 	argc -= optind;
214 	argv += optind;
215 
216 	if (aflag && vflag)
217 		errx(1, "the -a and -v options are mutually exclusive");
218 
219 	if (argc != 2)
220 		usage();
221 
222 	/* Open the files; "-" means stdin. */
223 	if (!strcmp(*argv, "-"))
224 		F1->fp = stdin;
225 	else if ((F1->fp = fopen(*argv, "r")) == NULL)
226 		err(1, "%s", *argv);
227 	++argv;
228 	if (!strcmp(*argv, "-"))
229 		F2->fp = stdin;
230 	else if ((F2->fp = fopen(*argv, "r")) == NULL)
231 		err(1, "%s", *argv);
232 	if (F1->fp == stdin && F2->fp == stdin)
233 		errx(1, "only one input file may be stdin");
234 
235 	slurp(F1);
236 	slurp(F2);
237 	while (F1->setcnt && F2->setcnt) {
238 		cval = cmp(F1->set, F1->joinf, F2->set, F2->joinf);
239 		if (cval == 0) {
240 			/* Oh joy, oh rapture, oh beauty divine! */
241 			if (joinout)
242 				joinlines(F1, F2);
243 			slurp(F1);
244 			slurp(F2);
245 		} else if (cval < 0) {
246 			/* File 1 takes the lead... */
247 			if (F1->unpair)
248 				joinlines(F1, NULL);
249 			slurp(F1);
250 		} else {
251 			/* File 2 takes the lead... */
252 			if (F2->unpair)
253 				joinlines(F2, NULL);
254 			slurp(F2);
255 		}
256 	}
257 
258 	/*
259 	 * Now that one of the files is used up, optionally output any
260 	 * remaining lines from the other file.
261 	 */
262 	if (F1->unpair)
263 		while (F1->setcnt) {
264 			joinlines(F1, NULL);
265 			slurp(F1);
266 		}
267 	if (F2->unpair)
268 		while (F2->setcnt) {
269 			joinlines(F2, NULL);
270 			slurp(F2);
271 		}
272 	exit(0);
273 }
274 
275 static void
276 slurp(INPUT *F)
277 {
278 	LINE *lp, *lastlp, tmp;
279 	size_t len;
280 	int cnt;
281 	char *bp, *fieldp;
282 
283 	/*
284 	 * Read all of the lines from an input file that have the same
285 	 * join field.
286 	 */
287 	F->setcnt = 0;
288 	for (lastlp = NULL;; ++F->setcnt) {
289 		/*
290 		 * If we're out of space to hold line structures, allocate
291 		 * more.  Initialize the structure so that we know that this
292 		 * is new space.
293 		 */
294 		if (F->setcnt == F->setalloc) {
295 			cnt = F->setalloc;
296 			F->setalloc += 50;
297 			if ((F->set = realloc(F->set,
298 			    F->setalloc * sizeof(LINE))) == NULL)
299 				err(1, NULL);
300 			memset(F->set + cnt, 0, 50 * sizeof(LINE));
301 
302 			/* re-set lastlp in case it moved */
303 			if (lastlp != NULL)
304 				lastlp = &F->set[F->setcnt - 1];
305 		}
306 
307 		/*
308 		 * Get any pushed back line, else get the next line.  Allocate
309 		 * space as necessary.  If taking the line from the stack swap
310 		 * the two structures so that we don't lose space allocated to
311 		 * either structure.  This could be avoided by doing another
312 		 * level of indirection, but it's probably okay as is.
313 		 */
314 		lp = &F->set[F->setcnt];
315 		if (F->setcnt)
316 			lastlp = &F->set[F->setcnt - 1];
317 		if (F->pushbool) {
318 			tmp = F->set[F->setcnt];
319 			F->set[F->setcnt] = F->set[F->pushback];
320 			F->set[F->pushback] = tmp;
321 			F->pushbool = 0;
322 			continue;
323 		}
324 		if ((bp = fgetln(F->fp, &len)) == NULL)
325 			return;
326 		if (lp->linealloc <= len + 1) {
327 			lp->linealloc += MAX(100, len + 1 - lp->linealloc);
328 			if ((lp->line =
329 			    realloc(lp->line, lp->linealloc)) == NULL)
330 				err(1, NULL);
331 		}
332 		memmove(lp->line, bp, len);
333 
334 		/* Replace trailing newline, if it exists. */
335 		if (bp[len - 1] == '\n')
336 			lp->line[len - 1] = '\0';
337 		else
338 			lp->line[len] = '\0';
339 		bp = lp->line;
340 
341 		/* Split the line into fields, allocate space as necessary. */
342 		lp->fieldcnt = 0;
343 		while ((fieldp = mbssep(&bp, tabchar)) != NULL) {
344 			if (spans && *fieldp == '\0')
345 				continue;
346 			if (lp->fieldcnt == lp->fieldalloc) {
347 				lp->fieldalloc += 50;
348 				if ((lp->fields = realloc(lp->fields,
349 				    lp->fieldalloc * sizeof(char *))) == NULL)
350 					err(1, NULL);
351 			}
352 			lp->fields[lp->fieldcnt++] = fieldp;
353 		}
354 
355 		/* See if the join field value has changed. */
356 		if (lastlp != NULL && cmp(lp, F->joinf, lastlp, F->joinf)) {
357 			F->pushbool = 1;
358 			F->pushback = F->setcnt;
359 			break;
360 		}
361 	}
362 }
363 
364 static char *
365 mbssep(char **stringp, const wchar_t *delim)
366 {
367 	char *s, *tok;
368 	const wchar_t *spanp;
369 	wchar_t c, sc;
370 	size_t n;
371 
372 	if ((s = *stringp) == NULL)
373 		return (NULL);
374 	for (tok = s;;) {
375 		n = mbrtowc(&c, s, MB_LEN_MAX, NULL);
376 		if (n == (size_t)-1 || n == (size_t)-2)
377 			errc(1, EILSEQ, NULL);	/* XXX */
378 		s += n;
379 		spanp = delim;
380 		do {
381 			if ((sc = *spanp++) == c) {
382 				if (c == 0)
383 					s = NULL;
384 				else
385 					s[-n] = '\0';
386 				*stringp = s;
387 				return (tok);
388 			}
389 		} while (sc != 0);
390 	}
391 }
392 
393 static int
394 cmp(LINE *lp1, u_long fieldno1, LINE *lp2, u_long fieldno2)
395 {
396 	if (lp1->fieldcnt <= fieldno1)
397 		return (lp2->fieldcnt <= fieldno2 ? 0 : 1);
398 	if (lp2->fieldcnt <= fieldno2)
399 		return (-1);
400 	return (mbscoll(lp1->fields[fieldno1], lp2->fields[fieldno2]));
401 }
402 
403 static int
404 mbscoll(const char *s1, const char *s2)
405 {
406 	wchar_t *w1, *w2;
407 	int ret;
408 
409 	if (MB_CUR_MAX == 1)
410 		return (strcoll(s1, s2));
411 	if ((w1 = towcs(s1)) == NULL || (w2 = towcs(s2)) == NULL)
412 		err(1, NULL);	/* XXX */
413 	ret = wcscoll(w1, w2);
414 	free(w1);
415 	free(w2);
416 	return (ret);
417 }
418 
419 static wchar_t *
420 towcs(const char *s)
421 {
422 	wchar_t *wcs;
423 	size_t n;
424 
425 	if ((n = mbsrtowcs(NULL, &s, 0, NULL)) == (size_t)-1)
426 		return (NULL);
427 	if ((wcs = malloc((n + 1) * sizeof(*wcs))) == NULL)
428 		return (NULL);
429 	mbsrtowcs(wcs, &s, n + 1, NULL);
430 	return (wcs);
431 }
432 
433 static void
434 joinlines(INPUT *F1, INPUT *F2)
435 {
436 	u_long cnt1, cnt2;
437 
438 	/*
439 	 * Output the results of a join comparison.  The output may be from
440 	 * either file 1 or file 2 (in which case the first argument is the
441 	 * file from which to output) or from both.
442 	 */
443 	if (F2 == NULL) {
444 		for (cnt1 = 0; cnt1 < F1->setcnt; ++cnt1)
445 			outoneline(F1, &F1->set[cnt1]);
446 		return;
447 	}
448 	for (cnt1 = 0; cnt1 < F1->setcnt; ++cnt1)
449 		for (cnt2 = 0; cnt2 < F2->setcnt; ++cnt2)
450 			outtwoline(F1, &F1->set[cnt1], F2, &F2->set[cnt2]);
451 }
452 
453 static void
454 outoneline(INPUT *F, LINE *lp)
455 {
456 	u_long cnt;
457 
458 	/*
459 	 * Output a single line from one of the files, according to the
460 	 * join rules.  This happens when we are writing unmatched single
461 	 * lines.  Output empty fields in the right places.
462 	 */
463 	if (olist)
464 		for (cnt = 0; cnt < olistcnt; ++cnt) {
465 			if (olist[cnt].filenum == (unsigned)F->number)
466 				outfield(lp, olist[cnt].fieldno, 0);
467 			else if (olist[cnt].filenum == 0)
468 				outfield(lp, F->joinf, 0);
469 			else
470 				outfield(lp, 0, 1);
471 		}
472 	else {
473 		/*
474 		 * Output the join field, then the remaining fields.
475 		 */
476 		outfield(lp, F->joinf, 0);
477 		for (cnt = 0; cnt < lp->fieldcnt; ++cnt)
478 			if (F->joinf != cnt)
479 				outfield(lp, cnt, 0);
480 	}
481 	(void)printf("\n");
482 	if (ferror(stdout))
483 		err(1, "stdout");
484 	needsep = 0;
485 }
486 
487 static void
488 outtwoline(INPUT *F1, LINE *lp1, INPUT *F2, LINE *lp2)
489 {
490 	u_long cnt;
491 
492 	/* Output a pair of lines according to the join list (if any). */
493 	if (olist)
494 		for (cnt = 0; cnt < olistcnt; ++cnt)
495 			if (olist[cnt].filenum == 0) {
496 				if (lp1->fieldcnt >= F1->joinf)
497 					outfield(lp1, F1->joinf, 0);
498 				else
499 					outfield(lp2, F2->joinf, 0);
500 			} else if (olist[cnt].filenum == 1)
501 				outfield(lp1, olist[cnt].fieldno, 0);
502 			else /* if (olist[cnt].filenum == 2) */
503 				outfield(lp2, olist[cnt].fieldno, 0);
504 	else {
505 		/*
506 		 * Output the join field, then the remaining fields from F1
507 		 * and F2.
508 		 */
509 		outfield(lp1, F1->joinf, 0);
510 		for (cnt = 0; cnt < lp1->fieldcnt; ++cnt)
511 			if (F1->joinf != cnt)
512 				outfield(lp1, cnt, 0);
513 		for (cnt = 0; cnt < lp2->fieldcnt; ++cnt)
514 			if (F2->joinf != cnt)
515 				outfield(lp2, cnt, 0);
516 	}
517 	(void)printf("\n");
518 	if (ferror(stdout))
519 		err(1, "stdout");
520 	needsep = 0;
521 }
522 
523 static void
524 outfield(LINE *lp, u_long fieldno, int out_empty)
525 {
526 	if (needsep++)
527 		(void)printf("%lc", (wint_t)*tabchar);
528 	if (!ferror(stdout)) {
529 		if (lp->fieldcnt <= fieldno || out_empty) {
530 			if (empty != NULL)
531 				(void)printf("%s", empty);
532 		} else {
533 			if (*lp->fields[fieldno] == '\0')
534 				return;
535 			(void)printf("%s", lp->fields[fieldno]);
536 		}
537 	}
538 	if (ferror(stdout))
539 		err(1, "stdout");
540 }
541 
542 /*
543  * Convert an output list argument "2.1, 1.3, 2.4" into an array of output
544  * fields.
545  */
546 static void
547 fieldarg(char *option)
548 {
549 	u_long fieldno, filenum;
550 	char *end, *token;
551 
552 	while ((token = strsep(&option, ", \t")) != NULL) {
553 		if (*token == '\0')
554 			continue;
555 		if (token[0] == '0')
556 			filenum = fieldno = 0;
557 		else if ((token[0] == '1' || token[0] == '2') &&
558 		    token[1] == '.') {
559 			filenum = token[0] - '0';
560 			fieldno = strtol(token + 2, &end, 10);
561 			if (*end)
562 				errx(1, "malformed -o option field");
563 			if (fieldno == 0)
564 				errx(1, "field numbers are 1 based");
565 			--fieldno;
566 		} else
567 			errx(1, "malformed -o option field");
568 		if (olistcnt == olistalloc) {
569 			olistalloc += 50;
570 			if ((olist = realloc(olist,
571 			    olistalloc * sizeof(OLIST))) == NULL)
572 				err(1, NULL);
573 		}
574 		olist[olistcnt].filenum = filenum;
575 		olist[olistcnt].fieldno = fieldno;
576 		++olistcnt;
577 	}
578 }
579 
580 static void
581 obsolete(char **argv)
582 {
583 	size_t len;
584 	char **p, *ap, *t;
585 
586 	while ((ap = *++argv) != NULL) {
587 		/* Return if "--". */
588 		if (ap[0] == '-' && ap[1] == '-')
589 			return;
590 		/* skip if not an option */
591 		if (ap[0] != '-')
592 			continue;
593 		switch (ap[1]) {
594 		case 'a':
595 			/*
596 			 * The original join allowed "-a", which meant the
597 			 * same as -a1 plus -a2.  POSIX 1003.2, Draft 11.2
598 			 * only specifies this as "-a 1" and "a -2", so we
599 			 * have to use another option flag, one that is
600 			 * unlikely to ever be used or accidentally entered
601 			 * on the command line.  (Well, we could reallocate
602 			 * the argv array, but that hardly seems worthwhile.)
603 			 */
604 			if (ap[2] == '\0' && (argv[1] == NULL ||
605 			    (strcmp(argv[1], "1") != 0 &&
606 			    strcmp(argv[1], "2") != 0))) {
607 				ap[1] = '\01';
608 				warnx("-a option used without an argument; "
609 				    "reverting to historical behavior");
610 			}
611 			break;
612 		case 'j':
613 			/*
614 			 * The original join allowed "-j[12] arg" and "-j arg".
615 			 * Convert the former to "-[12] arg".  Don't convert
616 			 * the latter since getopt(3) can handle it.
617 			 */
618 			switch(ap[2]) {
619 			case '1':
620 				if (ap[3] != '\0')
621 					goto jbad;
622 				ap[1] = '1';
623 				ap[2] = '\0';
624 				break;
625 			case '2':
626 				if (ap[3] != '\0')
627 					goto jbad;
628 				ap[1] = '2';
629 				ap[2] = '\0';
630 				break;
631 			case '\0':
632 				break;
633 			default:
634 jbad:				errx(1, "illegal option -- %s", ap);
635 				usage();
636 			}
637 			break;
638 		case 'o':
639 			/*
640 			 * The original join allowed "-o arg arg".
641 			 * Convert to "-o arg -o arg".
642 			 */
643 			if (ap[2] != '\0')
644 				break;
645 			for (p = argv + 2; *p; ++p) {
646 				if (p[0][0] == '0' || ((p[0][0] != '1' &&
647 				    p[0][0] != '2') || p[0][1] != '.'))
648 					break;
649 				len = strlen(*p);
650 				if (len - 2 != strspn(*p + 2, "0123456789"))
651 					break;
652 				if ((t = malloc(len + 3)) == NULL)
653 					err(1, NULL);
654 				t[0] = '-';
655 				t[1] = 'o';
656 				memmove(t + 2, *p, len + 1);
657 				*p = t;
658 			}
659 			argv = p - 1;
660 			break;
661 		}
662 	}
663 }
664 
665 static void
666 usage(void)
667 {
668 	(void)fprintf(stderr, "%s %s\n%s\n",
669 	    "usage: join [-a fileno | -v fileno ] [-e string] [-1 field]",
670 	    "[-2 field]",
671 		"            [-o list] [-t char] file1 file2");
672 	exit(1);
673 }
674