1.\" Copyright (c) 1991, 1993 2.\" The Regents of the University of California. All rights reserved. 3.\" 4.\" This code is derived from software contributed to Berkeley by 5.\" the Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers, Inc. 6.\" 7.\" Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without 8.\" modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions 9.\" are met: 10.\" 1. Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright 11.\" notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer. 12.\" 2. Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above copyright 13.\" notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer in the 14.\" documentation and/or other materials provided with the distribution. 15.\" 3. Neither the name of the University nor the names of its contributors 16.\" may be used to endorse or promote products derived from this software 17.\" without specific prior written permission. 18.\" 19.\" THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE REGENTS AND CONTRIBUTORS ``AS IS'' AND 20.\" ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, THE 21.\" IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE 22.\" ARE DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE REGENTS OR CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE 23.\" FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL, SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL 24.\" DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS 25.\" OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE, DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION) 26.\" HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT 27.\" LIABILITY, OR TORT (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY 28.\" OUT OF THE USE OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF 29.\" SUCH DAMAGE. 30.\" 31.Dd October 23, 2025 32.Dt ID 1 33.Os 34.Sh NAME 35.Nm id 36.Nd return user identity 37.Sh SYNOPSIS 38.Nm 39.Op Ar user 40.Nm 41.Fl A 42.Nm 43.Fl G Op Fl n 44.Op Ar user 45.Nm 46.Fl M 47.Nm 48.Fl P 49.Op Ar user 50.Nm 51.Fl c 52.Nm 53.Fl d 54.Op Ar user 55.Nm 56.Fl g Op Fl nr 57.Op Ar user 58.Nm 59.Fl p 60.Op Ar user 61.Nm 62.Fl s 63.Op Ar user 64.Nm 65.Fl u Op Fl nr 66.Op Ar user 67.Sh DESCRIPTION 68The 69.Nm 70utility displays the user and group names and numeric IDs, of the 71calling process, to the standard output. 72If the real and effective IDs are different, both are displayed, 73otherwise only the real ID is displayed. 74.Pp 75If a 76.Ar user 77(login name or user ID) 78is specified, the user and group IDs of that user are displayed. 79In this case, the real and effective IDs are assumed to be the same. 80.Pp 81The options are as follows: 82.Bl -tag -width indent 83.It Fl A 84Display the process audit user ID and other process audit properties, which 85requires privilege. 86.It Fl G 87Display the different group IDs (effective, real and supplementary) 88as white-space separated numbers, in no particular order. 89.It Fl M 90Display the MAC label of the current process. 91.It Fl P 92Display the id as a password file entry. 93.It Fl a 94Ignored for compatibility with other 95.Nm 96implementations. 97.It Fl c 98Display current login class. 99.It Fl d 100Display the home directory of the current or specified user. 101.It Fl g 102Display the effective group ID as a number. 103.It Fl n 104Display the name of the user or group ID for the 105.Fl G , 106.Fl g 107and 108.Fl u 109options instead of the number. 110If any of the ID numbers cannot be mapped into names, the number will be 111displayed as usual. 112.It Fl p 113Make the output human-readable. 114If the user name returned by 115.Xr getlogin 2 116is different from the login name referenced by the user ID, the name 117returned by 118.Xr getlogin 2 119is displayed, preceded by the keyword 120.Dq login . 121The user ID as a name is displayed, preceded by the keyword 122.Dq uid . 123If the effective user ID is different from the real user ID, the real user 124ID is displayed as a name, preceded by the keyword 125.Dq euid . 126If the effective group ID is different from the real group ID, the real group 127ID is displayed as a name, preceded by the keyword 128.Dq rgid . 129The list of groups to which the user belongs is then displayed as names, 130preceded by the keyword 131.Dq groups . 132Each display is on a separate line. 133.It Fl r 134Display the real ID for the 135.Fl g 136and 137.Fl u 138options instead of the effective ID. 139.It Fl s 140Display the shell of the current or specified user. 141.It Fl u 142Display the effective user ID as a number. 143.El 144.Sh EXIT STATUS 145.Ex -std 146.Sh EXAMPLES 147Show information for the user 148.Ql bob 149as a password file entry: 150.Bd -literal -offset indent 151$ id -P bob 152bob:*:0:0::0:0:Robert:/bob:/usr/local/bin/bash 153.Ed 154.Pp 155Same output as 156.Xr groups 1 for the root user: 157.Bd -literal -offset indent 158$ id -Gn root 159wheel operator 160.Ed 161.Pp 162Show human readable information about 163.Ql alice : 164.Bd -literal -offset indent 165$ id -p alice 166uid alice 167groups alice webcamd vboxusers 168.Ed 169.Pp 170Assuming the user 171.Ql bob 172executed 173.Dq Nm su Fl l 174to simulate a root login, compare the result of the following commands: 175.Bd -literal -offset indent 176# id -un 177root 178# who am i 179bob pts/5 Dec 4 19:51 180.Ed 181.Sh SEE ALSO 182.Xr groups 1 , 183.Xr who 1 184.Sh STANDARDS 185The 186.Nm 187utility is expected to conform to 188.St -p1003.1-2024 . 189The 190.Fl A , 191.Fl M , 192.Fl P , 193.Fl c , 194.Fl d , 195.Fl p , 196and 197.Fl s 198options are 199.Fx 200extensions. 201.Sh HISTORY 202The 203historic 204.Xr groups 1 205command is equivalent to 206.Dq Nm id Fl Gn Op Ar user . 207.Pp 208The 209historic 210.Xr whoami 1 211command is equivalent to 212.Dq Nm id Fl un . 213.Pp 214The 215.Nm 216command appeared in 217.Bx 4.4 . 218