1.\" Copyright (c) 1990, 1993 2.\" The Regents of the University of California. All rights reserved. 3.\" 4.\" Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without 5.\" modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions 6.\" are met: 7.\" 1. Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright 8.\" notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer. 9.\" 2. Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above copyright 10.\" notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer in the 11.\" documentation and/or other materials provided with the distribution. 12.\" 3. Neither the name of the University nor the names of its contributors 13.\" may be used to endorse or promote products derived from this software 14.\" without specific prior written permission. 15.\" 16.\" THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE REGENTS AND CONTRIBUTORS ``AS IS'' AND 17.\" ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, THE 18.\" IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE 19.\" ARE DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE REGENTS OR CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE 20.\" FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL, SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL 21.\" DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS 22.\" OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE, DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION) 23.\" HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT 24.\" LIABILITY, OR TORT (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY 25.\" OUT OF THE USE OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF 26.\" SUCH DAMAGE. 27.\" 28.Dd December 22, 2011 29.Dt OD 1 30.Os 31.Sh NAME 32.Nm od 33.Nd octal, decimal, hex, ASCII dump 34.Sh SYNOPSIS 35.Nm 36.Op Fl aBbcDdeFfHhIiLlOosvXx 37.Op Fl A Ar base 38.Op Fl j Ar skip 39.Op Fl N Ar length 40.Op Fl t Ar type 41.Op Oo Cm + Oc Ns Ar offset Ns Oo Cm \&. Oc Ns Op Cm Bb 42.Op Ar 43.Sh DESCRIPTION 44The 45.Nm 46utility is a filter which displays the specified files, or standard 47input if no files are specified, in a user specified format. 48.Pp 49The options are as follows: 50.Bl -tag -width ".Fl I , L , l" 51.It Fl A Ar base 52Specify the input address base. 53The argument 54.Ar base 55may be one of 56.Cm d , 57.Cm o , 58.Cm x 59or 60.Cm n , 61which specify decimal, octal, hexadecimal 62addresses or no address, respectively. 63.It Fl a 64Output named characters. 65Equivalent to 66.Fl t Cm a . 67.It Fl B , o 68Output octal shorts. 69Equivalent to 70.Fl t Cm o2 . 71.It Fl b 72Output octal bytes. 73Equivalent to 74.Fl t Cm o1 . 75.It Fl c 76Output C-style escaped characters. 77Equivalent to 78.Fl t Cm c . 79.It Fl D 80Output unsigned decimal ints. 81Equivalent to 82.Fl t Cm u4 . 83.It Fl d 84Output unsigned decimal shorts. 85Equivalent to 86.Fl t Cm u2 . 87.It Fl e , F 88Output double-precision floating point numbers. 89Equivalent to 90.Fl t Cm fD . 91.It Fl f 92Output single-precision floating point numbers. 93Equivalent to 94.Fl t Cm fF . 95.It Fl H , X 96Output hexadecimal ints. 97Equivalent to 98.Fl t Cm x4 . 99.It Fl h , x 100Output hexadecimal shorts. 101Equivalent to 102.Fl t Cm x2 . 103.It Fl I , L , l 104Output signed decimal longs. 105Equivalent to 106.Fl t Cm dL . 107.It Fl i 108Output signed decimal ints. 109Equivalent to 110.Fl t Cm dI . 111.It Fl j Ar skip 112Skip 113.Ar skip 114bytes of the combined input before dumping. 115The number may be followed by one 116of 117.Cm b , k 118or 119.Cm m 120which specify the units of the number as blocks (512 bytes), kilobytes and 121megabytes, respectively. 122.It Fl N Ar length 123Dump at most 124.Ar length 125bytes of input. 126.It Fl O 127Output octal ints. 128Equivalent to 129.Fl t Cm o4 . 130.It Fl s 131Output signed decimal shorts. 132Equivalent to 133.Fl t Cm d2 . 134.It Fl t Ar type 135Specify the output format. 136The 137.Ar type 138argument 139is a string containing one or more of the following kinds of type specifiers: 140.Bl -tag -width indent 141.It Cm a 142Named characters 143.Pq ASCII . 144Control characters are displayed using the following names: 145.Bl -column "000 NUL" "001 SOH" "002 STX" "003 ETX" "004 EOT" "005 ENQ" 146.It "000 NUL 001 SOH 002 STX 003 ETX 004 EOT 005 ENQ" 147.It "006 ACK 007 BEL 008 BS 009 HT 00A NL 00B VT" 148.It "00C FF 00D CR 00E SO 00F SI 010 DLE 011 DC1" 149.It "012 DC2 013 DC3 014 DC4 015 NAK 016 SYN 017 ETB" 150.It "018 CAN 019 EM 01A SUB 01B ESC 01C FS 01D GS" 151.It "01E RS 01F US 020 SP 07F DEL \& \&" 152.El 153.It Cm c 154Characters in the default character set. 155Non-printing characters are 156represented as 3-digit octal character codes, except the following 157characters, which are represented as C escapes: 158.Pp 159.Bl -tag -width carriage-return -compact 160.It NUL 161\e0 162.It alert 163\ea 164.It backspace 165\eb 166.It newline 167\en 168.It carriage-return 169\er 170.It tab 171\et 172.It vertical tab 173\ev 174.El 175.Pp 176Multi-byte characters are displayed in the area corresponding to the first 177byte of the character. 178The remaining bytes are shown as 179.Ql ** . 180.It Xo 181.Sm off 182.Op Cm d | o | u | x 183.Op Cm C | S | I | L | Ar n 184.Sm on 185.Xc 186Signed decimal 187.Pq Cm d , 188octal 189.Pq Cm o , 190unsigned decimal 191.Pq Cm u 192or 193hexadecimal 194.Pq Cm x . 195Followed by an optional size specifier, which may be either 196.Cm C 197.Pq Vt char , 198.Cm S 199.Pq Vt short , 200.Cm I 201.Pq Vt int , 202.Cm L 203.Pq Vt long , 204or a byte count as a decimal integer. 205.It Xo 206.Sm off 207.Cm f 208.Op Cm F | D | L | Ar n 209.Sm on 210.Xc 211Floating-point number. 212Followed by an optional size specifier, which may be either 213.Cm F 214.Pq Vt float , 215.Cm D 216.Pq Vt double 217or 218.Cm L 219.Pq Vt "long double" . 220.El 221.It Fl v 222Write all input data, instead of replacing lines of duplicate values with a 223.Ql * . 224.El 225.Pp 226Multiple options that specify output format may be used; the output will 227contain one line for each format. 228.Pp 229If no output format is specified, 230.Fl t Cm oS 231is assumed. 232.Sh ENVIRONMENT 233The 234.Ev LANG , LC_ALL 235and 236.Ev LC_CTYPE 237environment variables affect the execution of 238.Nm 239as described in 240.Xr environ 7 . 241.Sh EXIT STATUS 242.Ex -std 243.Sh EXAMPLES 244Dump stdin and show the output using named characters and C-style escaped 245characters: 246.Bd -literal -offset indent 247$ echo "FreeBSD: The power to serve" | od -a -c 2480000000 F r e e B S D : sp T h e sp p o w 249 F r e e B S D : T h e p o w 2500000020 e r sp t o sp s e r v e nl 251 e r t o s e r v e \en 2520000034 253.Ed 254.Pp 255Dump stdin skipping the first 13 bytes using named characters and dumping no 256more than 5 bytes: 257.Bd -literal -offset indent 258$ echo "FreeBSD: The power to serve" | od -An -a -j 13 -N 5 259 p o w e r 260.Ed 261.Sh COMPATIBILITY 262The traditional 263.Fl s 264option to extract string constants is not supported; consider using 265.Xr strings 1 266instead. 267.Sh SEE ALSO 268.Xr hexdump 1 , 269.Xr strings 1 270.Sh STANDARDS 271The 272.Nm 273utility conforms to 274.St -p1003.1-2001 . 275.Sh HISTORY 276An 277.Nm 278command appeared in 279.At v1 . 280