1.\" Copyright (c) 1990, 1993 2.\" The Regents of the University of California. All rights reserved. 3.\" 4.\" Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without 5.\" modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions 6.\" are met: 7.\" 1. Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright 8.\" notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer. 9.\" 2. Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above copyright 10.\" notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer in the 11.\" documentation and/or other materials provided with the distribution. 12.\" 3. Neither the name of the University nor the names of its contributors 13.\" may be used to endorse or promote products derived from this software 14.\" without specific prior written permission. 15.\" 16.\" THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE REGENTS AND CONTRIBUTORS ``AS IS'' AND 17.\" ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, THE 18.\" IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE 19.\" ARE DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE REGENTS OR CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE 20.\" FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL, SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL 21.\" DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS 22.\" OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE, DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION) 23.\" HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT 24.\" LIABILITY, OR TORT (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY 25.\" OUT OF THE USE OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF 26.\" SUCH DAMAGE. 27.\" 28.\" @(#)od.1 8.1 (Berkeley) 6/6/93 29.\" 30.Dd December 22, 2011 31.Dt OD 1 32.Os 33.Sh NAME 34.Nm od 35.Nd octal, decimal, hex, ASCII dump 36.Sh SYNOPSIS 37.Nm 38.Op Fl aBbcDdeFfHhIiLlOosvXx 39.Op Fl A Ar base 40.Op Fl j Ar skip 41.Op Fl N Ar length 42.Op Fl t Ar type 43.Op Oo Cm + Oc Ns Ar offset Ns Oo Cm \&. Oc Ns Op Cm Bb 44.Op Ar 45.Sh DESCRIPTION 46The 47.Nm 48utility is a filter which displays the specified files, or standard 49input if no files are specified, in a user specified format. 50.Pp 51The options are as follows: 52.Bl -tag -width ".Fl I , L , l" 53.It Fl A Ar base 54Specify the input address base. 55The argument 56.Ar base 57may be one of 58.Cm d , 59.Cm o , 60.Cm x 61or 62.Cm n , 63which specify decimal, octal, hexadecimal 64addresses or no address, respectively. 65.It Fl a 66Output named characters. 67Equivalent to 68.Fl t Cm a . 69.It Fl B , o 70Output octal shorts. 71Equivalent to 72.Fl t Cm o2 . 73.It Fl b 74Output octal bytes. 75Equivalent to 76.Fl t Cm o1 . 77.It Fl c 78Output C-style escaped characters. 79Equivalent to 80.Fl t Cm c . 81.It Fl D 82Output unsigned decimal ints. 83Equivalent to 84.Fl t Cm u4 . 85.It Fl d 86Output unsigned decimal shorts. 87Equivalent to 88.Fl t Cm u2 . 89.It Fl e , F 90Output double-precision floating point numbers. 91Equivalent to 92.Fl t Cm fD . 93.It Fl f 94Output single-precision floating point numbers. 95Equivalent to 96.Fl t Cm fF . 97.It Fl H , X 98Output hexadecimal ints. 99Equivalent to 100.Fl t Cm x4 . 101.It Fl h , x 102Output hexadecimal shorts. 103Equivalent to 104.Fl t Cm x2 . 105.It Fl I , L , l 106Output signed decimal longs. 107Equivalent to 108.Fl t Cm dL . 109.It Fl i 110Output signed decimal ints. 111Equivalent to 112.Fl t Cm dI . 113.It Fl j Ar skip 114Skip 115.Ar skip 116bytes of the combined input before dumping. 117The number may be followed by one 118of 119.Cm b , k 120or 121.Cm m 122which specify the units of the number as blocks (512 bytes), kilobytes and 123megabytes, respectively. 124.It Fl N Ar length 125Dump at most 126.Ar length 127bytes of input. 128.It Fl O 129Output octal ints. 130Equivalent to 131.Fl t Cm o4 . 132.It Fl s 133Output signed decimal shorts. 134Equivalent to 135.Fl t Cm d2 . 136.It Fl t Ar type 137Specify the output format. 138The 139.Ar type 140argument 141is a string containing one or more of the following kinds of type specifiers: 142.Bl -tag -width indent 143.It Cm a 144Named characters 145.Pq ASCII . 146Control characters are displayed using the following names: 147.Bl -column "000 NUL" "001 SOH" "002 STX" "003 ETX" "004 EOT" "005 ENQ" 148.It "000 NUL 001 SOH 002 STX 003 ETX 004 EOT 005 ENQ" 149.It "006 ACK 007 BEL 008 BS 009 HT 00A NL 00B VT" 150.It "00C FF 00D CR 00E SO 00F SI 010 DLE 011 DC1" 151.It "012 DC2 013 DC3 014 DC4 015 NAK 016 SYN 017 ETB" 152.It "018 CAN 019 EM 01A SUB 01B ESC 01C FS 01D GS" 153.It "01E RS 01F US 020 SP 07F DEL \& \&" 154.El 155.It Cm c 156Characters in the default character set. 157Non-printing characters are 158represented as 3-digit octal character codes, except the following 159characters, which are represented as C escapes: 160.Pp 161.Bl -tag -width carriage-return -compact 162.It NUL 163\e0 164.It alert 165\ea 166.It backspace 167\eb 168.It newline 169\en 170.It carriage-return 171\er 172.It tab 173\et 174.It vertical tab 175\ev 176.El 177.Pp 178Multi-byte characters are displayed in the area corresponding to the first 179byte of the character. 180The remaining bytes are shown as 181.Ql ** . 182.It Xo 183.Sm off 184.Op Cm d | o | u | x 185.Op Cm C | S | I | L | Ar n 186.Sm on 187.Xc 188Signed decimal 189.Pq Cm d , 190octal 191.Pq Cm o , 192unsigned decimal 193.Pq Cm u 194or 195hexadecimal 196.Pq Cm x . 197Followed by an optional size specifier, which may be either 198.Cm C 199.Pq Vt char , 200.Cm S 201.Pq Vt short , 202.Cm I 203.Pq Vt int , 204.Cm L 205.Pq Vt long , 206or a byte count as a decimal integer. 207.It Xo 208.Sm off 209.Cm f 210.Op Cm F | D | L | Ar n 211.Sm on 212.Xc 213Floating-point number. 214Followed by an optional size specifier, which may be either 215.Cm F 216.Pq Vt float , 217.Cm D 218.Pq Vt double 219or 220.Cm L 221.Pq Vt "long double" . 222.El 223.It Fl v 224Write all input data, instead of replacing lines of duplicate values with a 225.Ql * . 226.El 227.Pp 228Multiple options that specify output format may be used; the output will 229contain one line for each format. 230.Pp 231If no output format is specified, 232.Fl t Cm oS 233is assumed. 234.Sh ENVIRONMENT 235The 236.Ev LANG , LC_ALL 237and 238.Ev LC_CTYPE 239environment variables affect the execution of 240.Nm 241as described in 242.Xr environ 7 . 243.Sh EXIT STATUS 244.Ex -std 245.Sh EXAMPLES 246Dump stdin and show the output using named characters and C-style escaped 247characters: 248.Bd -literal -offset indent 249$ echo "FreeBSD: The power to serve" | od -a -c 2500000000 F r e e B S D : sp T h e sp p o w 251 F r e e B S D : T h e p o w 2520000020 e r sp t o sp s e r v e nl 253 e r t o s e r v e \en 2540000034 255.Ed 256.Pp 257Dump stdin skipping the first 13 bytes using named characters and dumping no 258more than 5 bytes: 259.Bd -literal -offset indent 260$ echo "FreeBSD: The power to serve" | od -An -a -j 13 -N 5 261 p o w e r 262.Ed 263.Sh COMPATIBILITY 264The traditional 265.Fl s 266option to extract string constants is not supported; consider using 267.Xr strings 1 268instead. 269.Sh SEE ALSO 270.Xr hexdump 1 , 271.Xr strings 1 272.Sh STANDARDS 273The 274.Nm 275utility conforms to 276.St -p1003.1-2001 . 277.Sh HISTORY 278An 279.Nm 280command appeared in 281.At v1 . 282