1.\" Copyright (c) 1990, 1993 2.\" The Regents of the University of California. All rights reserved. 3.\" 4.\" Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without 5.\" modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions 6.\" are met: 7.\" 1. Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright 8.\" notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer. 9.\" 2. Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above copyright 10.\" notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer in the 11.\" documentation and/or other materials provided with the distribution. 12.\" 3. All advertising materials mentioning features or use of this software 13.\" must display the following acknowledgement: 14.\" This product includes software developed by the University of 15.\" California, Berkeley and its contributors. 16.\" 4. Neither the name of the University nor the names of its contributors 17.\" may be used to endorse or promote products derived from this software 18.\" without specific prior written permission. 19.\" 20.\" THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE REGENTS AND CONTRIBUTORS ``AS IS'' AND 21.\" ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, THE 22.\" IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE 23.\" ARE DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE REGENTS OR CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE 24.\" FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL, SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL 25.\" DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS 26.\" OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE, DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION) 27.\" HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT 28.\" LIABILITY, OR TORT (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY 29.\" OUT OF THE USE OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF 30.\" SUCH DAMAGE. 31.\" 32.\" @(#)od.1 8.1 (Berkeley) 6/6/93 33.\" $FreeBSD$ 34.\" 35.Dd December 24, 2006 36.Os 37.Dt OD 1 38.Sh NAME 39.Nm od 40.Nd octal, decimal, hex, ASCII dump 41.Sh SYNOPSIS 42.Nm 43.Op Fl aBbcDdeFfHhIiLlOosvXx 44.Op Fl A Ar base 45.Op Fl j Ar skip 46.Op Fl N Ar length 47.Op Fl t Ar type 48.Op Oo Cm + Oc Ns Ar offset Ns Oo Cm \&. Oc Ns Op Cm Bb 49.Op Ar 50.Sh DESCRIPTION 51The 52.Nm 53utility is a filter which displays the specified files, or standard 54input if no files are specified, in a user specified format. 55.Pp 56The options are as follows: 57.Bl -tag -width ".Fl I , L , l" 58.It Fl A Ar base 59Specify the input address base. 60The argument 61.Ar base 62may be one of 63.Cm d , 64.Cm o , 65.Cm x 66or 67.Cm n , 68which specify decimal, octal, hexadecimal 69addresses or no address, respectively. 70.It Fl a 71Output named characters. 72Equivalent to 73.Fl t Cm a . 74.It Fl B , o 75Output octal shorts. 76Equivalent to 77.Fl t Cm o2 . 78.It Fl b 79Output octal bytes. 80Equivalent to 81.Fl t Cm o1 . 82.It Fl c 83Output C-style escaped characters. 84Equivalent to 85.Fl t Cm c . 86.It Fl D 87Output unsigned decimal ints. 88Equivalent to 89.Fl t Cm u4 . 90.It Fl d 91Output unsigned decimal shorts. 92Equivalent to 93.Fl t Cm u2 . 94.It Fl e , F 95Output double-precision floating point numbers. 96Equivalent to 97.Fl t Cm fD . 98.It Fl f 99Output single-precision floating point numbers. 100Equivalent to 101.Fl t Cm fF . 102.It Fl H , X 103Output hexadecimal ints. 104Equivalent to 105.Fl t Cm x4 . 106.It Fl h , x 107Output hexadecimal shorts. 108Equivalent to 109.Fl t Cm x2 . 110.It Fl I , L , l 111Output signed decimal longs. 112Equivalent to 113.Fl t Cm dL . 114.It Fl i 115Output signed decimal ints. 116Equivalent to 117.Fl t Cm dI . 118.It Fl j Ar skip 119Skip 120.Ar skip 121bytes of the combined input before dumping. 122The number may be followed by one 123of 124.Cm b , k 125or 126.Cm m 127which specify the units of the number as blocks (512 bytes), kilobytes and 128megabytes, respectively. 129.It Fl N Ar length 130Dump at most 131.Ar length 132bytes of input. 133.It Fl O 134Output octal ints. 135Equivalent to 136.Fl t Cm o4 . 137.It Fl s 138Output signed decimal shorts. 139Equivalent to 140.Fl t Cm d2 . 141.It Fl t Ar type 142Specify the output format. 143The 144.Ar type 145argument 146is a string containing one or more of the following kinds of type specifiers: 147.Bl -tag -width indent 148.It Cm a 149Named characters 150.Pq Tn ASCII . 151Control characters are displayed using the following names: 152.Bl -column "000 NUL" "001 SOH" "002 STX" "003 ETX" "004 EOT" "005 ENQ" 153.It "000 NUL 001 SOH 002 STX 003 ETX 004 EOT 005 ENQ" 154.It "006 ACK 007 BEL 008 BS 009 HT 00a NL 00b VT" 155.It "00c FF 00d CR 00e SO 00f SI 010 DLE 011 DC1" 156.It "012 DC2 013 DC3 014 DC4 015 NAK 016 SYN 017 ETB" 157.It "018 CAN 019 EM 01a SUB 01b ESC 01c FS 01d GS" 158.It "01e RS 01f US 020 SP 0ff DEL" 159.El 160.It Cm c 161Characters in the default character set. 162Non-printing characters are 163represented as 3-digit octal character codes, except the following 164characters, which are represented as C escapes: 165.Pp 166.Bl -tag -width carriage-return -compact 167.It NUL 168\e0 169.It alert 170\ea 171.It backspace 172\eb 173.It newline 174\en 175.It carriage-return 176\er 177.It tab 178\et 179.It vertical tab 180\ev 181.El 182.Pp 183Multi-byte characters are displayed in the area corresponding to the first 184byte of the character. 185The remaining bytes are shown as 186.Ql ** . 187.It Xo 188.Sm off 189.Op Cm d | o | u | x 190.Op Cm C | S | I | L | Ar n 191.Sm on 192.Xc 193Signed decimal 194.Pq Cm d , 195octal 196.Pq Cm o , 197unsigned decimal 198.Pq Cm u 199or 200hexadecimal 201.Pq Cm x . 202Followed by an optional size specifier, which may be either 203.Cm C 204.Pq Vt char , 205.Cm S 206.Pq Vt short , 207.Cm I 208.Pq Vt int , 209.Cm L 210.Pq Vt long , 211or a byte count as a decimal integer. 212.It Xo 213.Sm off 214.Cm f 215.Op Cm F | D | L | Ar n 216.Sm on 217.Xc 218Floating-point number. 219Followed by an optional size specifier, which may be either 220.Cm F 221.Pq Vt float , 222.Cm D 223.Pq Vt double 224or 225.Cm L 226.Pq Vt "long double" . 227.El 228.It Fl v 229Write all input data, instead of replacing lines of duplicate values with a 230.Ql * . 231.El 232.Pp 233Multiple options that specify output format may be used; the output will 234contain one line for each format. 235.Pp 236If no output format is specified, 237.Fl t Cm oS 238is assumed. 239.Sh ENVIRONMENT 240The 241.Ev LANG , LC_ALL 242and 243.Ev LC_CTYPE 244environment variables affect the execution of 245.Nm 246as described in 247.Xr environ 7 . 248.Sh EXIT STATUS 249.Ex -std 250.Sh COMPATIBILITY 251The traditional 252.Fl s 253option to extract string constants is not supported; consider using 254.Xr strings 1 255instead. 256.Sh SEE ALSO 257.Xr hexdump 1 , 258.Xr strings 1 259.Sh STANDARDS 260The 261.Nm 262utility conforms to 263.St -p1003.1-2001 . 264.Sh HISTORY 265An 266.Nm 267command appeared in 268.At v1 . 269