xref: /freebsd/usr.bin/gzip/unpack.c (revision b9f654b163bce26de79705e77b872427c9f2afa1)
1 /*	$FreeBSD$	*/
2 /*	$NetBSD: unpack.c,v 1.3 2017/08/04 07:27:08 mrg Exp $	*/
3 
4 /*-
5  * SPDX-License-Identifier: BSD-2-Clause-FreeBSD
6  *
7  * Copyright (c) 2009 Xin LI <delphij@FreeBSD.org>
8  *
9  * Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
10  * modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions
11  * are met:
12  * 1. Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright
13  *    notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
14  * 2. Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above copyright
15  *    notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer in the
16  *    documentation and/or other materials provided with the distribution.
17  *
18  * THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE AUTHOR AND CONTRIBUTORS ``AS IS'' AND
19  * ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, THE
20  * IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE
21  * ARE DISCLAIMED.  IN NO EVENT SHALL THE AUTHOR OR CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE
22  * FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL, SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL
23  * DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS
24  * OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE, DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION)
25  * HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT
26  * LIABILITY, OR TORT (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY
27  * OUT OF THE USE OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF
28  * SUCH DAMAGE.
29  *
30  * $FreeBSD$
31  */
32 
33 /* This file is #included by gzip.c */
34 
35 /*
36  * pack(1) file format:
37  *
38  * The first 7 bytes is the header:
39  *	00, 01 - Signature (US, RS), we already validated it earlier.
40  *	02..05 - Uncompressed size
41  *	    06 - Level for the huffman tree (<=24)
42  *
43  * pack(1) will then store symbols (leaf) nodes count in each huffman
44  * tree levels, each level would consume 1 byte (See [1]).
45  *
46  * After the symbol count table, there is the symbol table, storing
47  * symbols represented by corresponding leaf node.  EOB is not being
48  * explicitly transmitted (not necessary anyway) in the symbol table.
49  *
50  * Compressed data goes after the symbol table.
51  *
52  * NOTES
53  *
54  * [1] If we count EOB into the symbols, that would mean that we will
55  * have at most 256 symbols in the huffman tree.  pack(1) rejects empty
56  * file and files that just repeats one character, which means that we
57  * will have at least 2 symbols.  Therefore, pack(1) would reduce the
58  * last level symbol count by 2 which makes it a number in
59  * range [0..254], so all levels' symbol count would fit into 1 byte.
60  */
61 
62 #define	PACK_HEADER_LENGTH	7
63 #define	HTREE_MAXLEVEL		24
64 
65 /*
66  * unpack descriptor
67  *
68  * Represent the huffman tree in a similar way that pack(1) would
69  * store in a packed file.  We store all symbols in a linear table,
70  * and store pointers to each level's first symbol.  In addition to
71  * that, maintain two counts for each level: inner nodes count and
72  * leaf nodes count.
73  */
74 typedef struct {
75 	int	symbol_size;		/* Size of the symbol table */
76 	int	treelevels;		/* Levels for the huffman tree */
77 
78 	int    *symbolsin;		/* Table of leaf symbols count in each
79 					 * level */
80 	int    *inodesin;		/* Table of internal nodes count in
81 					 * each level */
82 
83 	char   *symbol;			/* The symbol table */
84 	char   *symbol_eob;		/* Pointer to the EOB symbol */
85 	char  **tree;			/* Decoding huffman tree (pointers to
86 					 * first symbol of each tree level */
87 
88 	off_t	uncompressed_size;	/* Uncompressed size */
89 	FILE   *fpIn;			/* Input stream */
90 	FILE   *fpOut;			/* Output stream */
91 } unpack_descriptor_t;
92 
93 /*
94  * Release resource allocated to an unpack descriptor.
95  *
96  * Caller is responsible to make sure that all of these pointers are
97  * initialized (in our case, they all point to valid memory block).
98  * We don't zero out pointers here because nobody else would ever
99  * reference the memory block without scrubbing them.
100  */
101 static void
102 unpack_descriptor_fini(unpack_descriptor_t *unpackd)
103 {
104 
105 	free(unpackd->symbolsin);
106 	free(unpackd->inodesin);
107 	free(unpackd->symbol);
108 	free(unpackd->tree);
109 
110 	fclose(unpackd->fpIn);
111 	fclose(unpackd->fpOut);
112 }
113 
114 /*
115  * Recursively fill the internal node count table
116  */
117 static void
118 unpackd_fill_inodesin(const unpack_descriptor_t *unpackd, int level)
119 {
120 
121 	/*
122 	 * The internal nodes would be 1/2 of total internal nodes and
123 	 * leaf nodes in the next level.  For the last level there
124 	 * would be no internal node by definition.
125 	 */
126 	if (level < unpackd->treelevels) {
127 		unpackd_fill_inodesin(unpackd, level + 1);
128 		unpackd->inodesin[level] = (unpackd->inodesin[level + 1] +
129 		    unpackd->symbolsin[level + 1]) / 2;
130 	} else
131 		unpackd->inodesin[level] = 0;
132 }
133 
134 /*
135  * Update counter for accepted bytes
136  */
137 static void
138 accepted_bytes(off_t *bytes_in, off_t newbytes)
139 {
140 
141 	if (bytes_in != NULL)
142 		(*bytes_in) += newbytes;
143 }
144 
145 /*
146  * Read file header and construct the tree.  Also, prepare the buffered I/O
147  * for decode routine.
148  *
149  * Return value is uncompressed size.
150  */
151 static void
152 unpack_parse_header(int in, int out, char *pre, size_t prelen, off_t *bytes_in,
153     unpack_descriptor_t *unpackd)
154 {
155 	unsigned char hdr[PACK_HEADER_LENGTH];	/* buffer for header */
156 	ssize_t bytesread;		/* Bytes read from the file */
157 	int i, j, thisbyte;
158 
159 	if (prelen > sizeof hdr)
160 		maybe_err("prelen too long");
161 
162 	/* Prepend the header buffer if we already read some data */
163 	if (prelen != 0)
164 		memcpy(hdr, pre, prelen);
165 
166 	/* Read in and fill the rest bytes of header */
167 	bytesread = read(in, hdr + prelen, PACK_HEADER_LENGTH - prelen);
168 	if (bytesread < 0)
169 		maybe_err("Error reading pack header");
170 	infile_newdata(bytesread);
171 
172 	accepted_bytes(bytes_in, PACK_HEADER_LENGTH);
173 
174 	/* Obtain uncompressed length (bytes 2,3,4,5) */
175 	unpackd->uncompressed_size = 0;
176 	for (i = 2; i <= 5; i++) {
177 		unpackd->uncompressed_size <<= 8;
178 		unpackd->uncompressed_size |= hdr[i];
179 	}
180 
181 	/* Get the levels of the tree */
182 	unpackd->treelevels = hdr[6];
183 	if (unpackd->treelevels > HTREE_MAXLEVEL || unpackd->treelevels < 1)
184 		maybe_errx("Huffman tree has insane levels");
185 
186 	/* Let libc take care for buffering from now on */
187 	if ((unpackd->fpIn = fdopen(in, "r")) == NULL)
188 		maybe_err("Can not fdopen() input stream");
189 	if ((unpackd->fpOut = fdopen(out, "w")) == NULL)
190 		maybe_err("Can not fdopen() output stream");
191 
192 	/* Allocate for the tables of bounds and the tree itself */
193 	unpackd->inodesin =
194 	    calloc(unpackd->treelevels, sizeof(*(unpackd->inodesin)));
195 	unpackd->symbolsin =
196 	    calloc(unpackd->treelevels, sizeof(*(unpackd->symbolsin)));
197 	unpackd->tree =
198 	    calloc(unpackd->treelevels, (sizeof(*(unpackd->tree))));
199 	if (unpackd->inodesin == NULL || unpackd->symbolsin == NULL ||
200 	    unpackd->tree == NULL)
201 		maybe_err("calloc");
202 
203 	/* We count from 0 so adjust to match array upper bound */
204 	unpackd->treelevels--;
205 
206 	/* Read the levels symbol count table and calculate total */
207 	unpackd->symbol_size = 1;	/* EOB */
208 	for (i = 0; i <= unpackd->treelevels; i++) {
209 		if ((thisbyte = fgetc(unpackd->fpIn)) == EOF)
210 			maybe_err("File appears to be truncated");
211 		unpackd->symbolsin[i] = (unsigned char)thisbyte;
212 		unpackd->symbol_size += unpackd->symbolsin[i];
213 	}
214 	accepted_bytes(bytes_in, unpackd->treelevels);
215 	if (unpackd->symbol_size > 256)
216 		maybe_errx("Bad symbol table");
217 	infile_newdata(unpackd->treelevels);
218 
219 	/* Allocate for the symbol table, point symbol_eob at the beginning */
220 	unpackd->symbol_eob = unpackd->symbol = calloc(1, unpackd->symbol_size);
221 	if (unpackd->symbol == NULL)
222 		maybe_err("calloc");
223 
224 	/*
225 	 * Read in the symbol table, which contain [2, 256] symbols.
226 	 * In order to fit the count in one byte, pack(1) would offset
227 	 * it by reducing 2 from the actual number from the last level.
228 	 *
229 	 * We adjust the last level's symbol count by 1 here, because
230 	 * the EOB symbol is not being transmitted explicitly.  Another
231 	 * adjustment would be done later afterward.
232 	 */
233 	unpackd->symbolsin[unpackd->treelevels]++;
234 	for (i = 0; i <= unpackd->treelevels; i++) {
235 		unpackd->tree[i] = unpackd->symbol_eob;
236 		for (j = 0; j < unpackd->symbolsin[i]; j++) {
237 			if ((thisbyte = fgetc(unpackd->fpIn)) == EOF)
238 				maybe_errx("Symbol table truncated");
239 			*unpackd->symbol_eob++ = (char)thisbyte;
240 		}
241 		infile_newdata(unpackd->symbolsin[i]);
242 		accepted_bytes(bytes_in, unpackd->symbolsin[i]);
243 	}
244 
245 	/* Now, take account for the EOB symbol as well */
246 	unpackd->symbolsin[unpackd->treelevels]++;
247 
248 	/*
249 	 * The symbolsin table has been constructed now.
250 	 * Calculate the internal nodes count table based on it.
251 	 */
252 	unpackd_fill_inodesin(unpackd, 0);
253 }
254 
255 /*
256  * Decode huffman stream, based on the huffman tree.
257  */
258 static void
259 unpack_decode(const unpack_descriptor_t *unpackd, off_t *bytes_in)
260 {
261 	int thislevel, thiscode, thisbyte, inlevelindex;
262 	int i;
263 	off_t bytes_out = 0;
264 	const char *thissymbol;	/* The symbol pointer decoded from stream */
265 
266 	/*
267 	 * Decode huffman.  Fetch every bytes from the file, get it
268 	 * into 'thiscode' bit-by-bit, then output the symbol we got
269 	 * when one has been found.
270 	 *
271 	 * Assumption: sizeof(int) > ((max tree levels + 1) / 8).
272 	 * bad things could happen if not.
273 	 */
274 	thislevel = 0;
275 	thiscode = thisbyte = 0;
276 
277 	while ((thisbyte = fgetc(unpackd->fpIn)) != EOF) {
278 		accepted_bytes(bytes_in, 1);
279 		infile_newdata(1);
280 		check_siginfo();
281 
282 		/*
283 		 * Split one bit from thisbyte, from highest to lowest,
284 		 * feed the bit into thiscode, until we got a symbol from
285 		 * the tree.
286 		 */
287 		for (i = 7; i >= 0; i--) {
288 			thiscode = (thiscode << 1) | ((thisbyte >> i) & 1);
289 
290 			/* Did we got a symbol? (referencing leaf node) */
291 			if (thiscode >= unpackd->inodesin[thislevel]) {
292 				inlevelindex =
293 				    thiscode - unpackd->inodesin[thislevel];
294 				if (inlevelindex > unpackd->symbolsin[thislevel])
295 					maybe_errx("File corrupt");
296 
297 				thissymbol =
298 				    &(unpackd->tree[thislevel][inlevelindex]);
299 				if ((thissymbol == unpackd->symbol_eob) &&
300 				    (bytes_out == unpackd->uncompressed_size))
301 					goto finished;
302 
303 				fputc((*thissymbol), unpackd->fpOut);
304 				bytes_out++;
305 
306 				/* Prepare for next input */
307 				thislevel = 0; thiscode = 0;
308 			} else {
309 				thislevel++;
310 				if (thislevel > unpackd->treelevels)
311 					maybe_errx("File corrupt");
312 			}
313 		}
314 	}
315 
316 finished:
317 	if (bytes_out != unpackd->uncompressed_size)
318 		maybe_errx("Premature EOF");
319 }
320 
321 /* Handler for pack(1)'ed file */
322 static off_t
323 unpack(int in, int out, char *pre, size_t prelen, off_t *bytes_in)
324 {
325 	unpack_descriptor_t unpackd;
326 
327 	in = dup(in);
328 	if (in == -1)
329 		maybe_err("dup");
330 	out = dup(out);
331 	if (out == -1)
332 		maybe_err("dup");
333 
334 	unpack_parse_header(in, out, pre, prelen, bytes_in, &unpackd);
335 	unpack_decode(&unpackd, bytes_in);
336 	unpack_descriptor_fini(&unpackd);
337 
338 	/* If we reached here, the unpack was successful */
339 	return (unpackd.uncompressed_size);
340 }
341