1.\" Copyright (c) 2005-2011 Stanislav Sedov <stas@FreeBSD.org> 2.\" All rights reserved. 3.\" 4.\" Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without 5.\" modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions 6.\" are met: 7.\" 1. Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright 8.\" notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer. 9.\" 2. Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above copyright 10.\" notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer in the 11.\" documentation and/or other materials provided with the distribution. 12.\" 13.\" THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE REGENTS AND CONTRIBUTORS ``AS IS'' AND 14.\" ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, THE 15.\" IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE 16.\" ARE DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE REGENTS OR CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE 17.\" FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL, SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL 18.\" DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS 19.\" OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE, DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION) 20.\" HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT 21.\" LIABILITY, OR TORT (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY 22.\" OUT OF THE USE OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF 23.\" SUCH DAMAGE. 24.\" 25.Dd June 18, 2020 26.Dt FUSER 1 27.Os 28.Sh NAME 29.Nm fuser 30.Nd list IDs of all processes that have one or more files open 31.Sh SYNOPSIS 32.Nm 33.Op Fl cfkmu 34.Op Fl M Ar core 35.Op Fl N Ar system 36.Op Fl s Ar signal 37.Ar 38.Sh DESCRIPTION 39The 40.Nm 41utility writes to stdout the PIDs of processes that have one or 42more named files open. 43For block and character special devices, all processes using files 44on that device are listed. 45A file is considered open by a process if it was explicitly opened, 46is the working directory, root directory, jail root directory, 47active executable text, kernel trace file or the controlling terminal 48of the process. 49If 50.Fl m 51option is specified, the 52.Nm 53utility will also look through mmapped files. 54.Pp 55The following options are available: 56.Bl -tag -width indent 57.It Fl c 58Treat files as mount points and report on any files open in the file system. 59.It Fl f 60The report must be only for named files. 61.It Fl k 62Send signal to reported processes 63.Pq Dv SIGKILL No by default . 64.It Fl M Ar core 65Extract values associated with the name list from the specified core 66instead of the default 67.Pa /dev/kmem . 68.It Fl m 69Search through mmapped files too. 70.It Fl N Ar system 71Extract the name list from the specified system instead of the default, 72which is the kernel image the system has booted from. 73.It Fl s Ar signal 74Use given signal name instead of default 75.Dv SIGKILL . 76.It Fl u 77Write the user name associated with each process to stderr. 78.El 79.Pp 80The following symbols, written to stderr will indicate how files are used: 81.Pp 82.Bl -tag -width indent -compact 83.It Sy a 84The file is open as append only 85.Pq Dv O_APPEND No was specified . 86.It Sy c 87The file is the current workdir directory of the process. 88.It Sy d 89The process bypasses fs cache while writing to this file 90.Pq Dv O_DIRECT No was specified . 91.It Sy e 92Exclusive lock is hold. 93.It Sy j 94The file is the jail root of the process. 95.It Sy m 96The file is mmapped. 97.It Sy r 98The file is the root directory of the process. 99.It Sy s 100Shared lock is hold. 101.It Sy t 102The file is the kernel tracing file for the process. 103.It Sy w 104The file is open for writing. 105.It Sy x 106The file is executable text of the process. 107.It Sy y 108The process uses this file as its controlling tty. 109.El 110.Sh EXIT STATUS 111.Ex -std 112.Sh EXAMPLES 113The command 114.Ql "fuser -fu \&." 115writes to standard output the process IDs of processes that are using the 116current directory and writes to stderr an indication of how those processes are 117using the directory and user names associated with the processes that are using 118this directory. 119.Sh SEE ALSO 120.Xr fstat 1 , 121.Xr ps 1 , 122.Xr systat 1 , 123.Xr iostat 8 , 124.Xr pstat 8 , 125.Xr vmstat 8 126.Sh STANDARDS 127The 128.Nm 129utility is expected to conform to 130.St -p1003.1-2004 . 131.Sh HISTORY 132The 133.Nm 134utility appeared in 135.Fx 9.0 . 136.Sh AUTHORS 137The 138.Nm 139utility and this manual page was written by 140.An Stanislav Sedov Aq Mt stas@FreeBSD.org . 141.Sh BUGS 142Since 143.Nm 144takes a snapshot of the system, it is only correct for a very short period 145of time. 146When working via 147.Xr kvm 3 148interface the report will be limited to filesystems the 149.Nm 150utility knows about (currently only cd9660, devfs, nfs, ntfs, nwfs, udf, 151ufs and zfs). 152