1.\" Copyright (c) 1980, 1990, 1993 2.\" The Regents of the University of California. All rights reserved. 3.\" 4.\" Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without 5.\" modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions 6.\" are met: 7.\" 1. Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright 8.\" notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer. 9.\" 2. Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above copyright 10.\" notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer in the 11.\" documentation and/or other materials provided with the distribution. 12.\" 4. Neither the name of the University nor the names of its contributors 13.\" may be used to endorse or promote products derived from this software 14.\" without specific prior written permission. 15.\" 16.\" THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE REGENTS AND CONTRIBUTORS ``AS IS'' AND 17.\" ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, THE 18.\" IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE 19.\" ARE DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE REGENTS OR CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE 20.\" FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL, SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL 21.\" DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS 22.\" OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE, DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION) 23.\" HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT 24.\" LIABILITY, OR TORT (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY 25.\" OUT OF THE USE OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF 26.\" SUCH DAMAGE. 27.\" 28.\" @(#)expand.1 8.1 (Berkeley) 6/9/93 29.\" $FreeBSD$ 30.\" 31.Dd June 6, 2015 32.Dt EXPAND 1 33.Os 34.Sh NAME 35.Nm expand , 36.Nm unexpand 37.Nd expand tabs to spaces, and vice versa 38.Sh SYNOPSIS 39.Nm 40.Oo 41.Fl t 42.Sm off 43.Ar tab1 , tab2 , ... , tabn 44.Sm on 45.Oc 46.Op Ar 47.Nm unexpand 48.Oo 49.Fl a | t 50.Sm off 51.Ar tab1 , tab2 , ... , tabn 52.Sm on 53.Oc 54.Op Ar 55.Sh DESCRIPTION 56The 57.Nm 58utility processes the named files or the standard input writing 59the standard output with tabs changed into blanks. 60Backspace characters are preserved into the output and decrement 61the column count for tab calculations. 62The 63.Nm 64utility is useful for pre-processing character files 65(before sorting, looking at specific columns, etc.) that 66contain tabs. 67.Pp 68The 69.Nm unexpand 70utility puts tabs back into the data from the standard input or the named 71files and writes the result on the standard output. 72.Pp 73The following options are available: 74.Bl -tag -width indent 75.It Fl a 76.Nm ( unexpand 77only.) 78By default, only leading blanks and tabs 79are reconverted to maximal strings of tabs. 80If the 81.Fl a 82option is given, then tabs are inserted whenever they would compress the 83resultant file by replacing two or more characters. 84.It Fl t Sm Ar tab1 , tab2 , ... , tabn Sm 85Set tab stops at column positions 86.Ar tab1 , tab2 , ... , tabn . 87If only a single number is given, tab stops are set that number of 88column positions apart instead of the default number of 8. 89.El 90.Sh ENVIRONMENT 91The 92.Ev LANG , LC_ALL 93and 94.Ev LC_CTYPE 95environment variables affect the execution of 96.Nm 97and 98.Nm unexpand 99as described in 100.Xr environ 7 . 101.Sh EXIT STATUS 102.Ex -std expand unexpand 103.Sh STANDARDS 104The 105.Nm 106and 107.Nm unexpand 108utilities conform to 109.St -p1003.1-2001 . 110.Sh HISTORY 111The 112.Nm 113utility first appeared in 114.Bx 1 . 115