1.\" Copyright (c) 1980, 1990, 1993 2.\" The Regents of the University of California. All rights reserved. 3.\" 4.\" Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without 5.\" modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions 6.\" are met: 7.\" 1. Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright 8.\" notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer. 9.\" 2. Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above copyright 10.\" notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer in the 11.\" documentation and/or other materials provided with the distribution. 12.\" 3. All advertising materials mentioning features or use of this software 13.\" must display the following acknowledgement: 14.\" This product includes software developed by the University of 15.\" California, Berkeley and its contributors. 16.\" 4. Neither the name of the University nor the names of its contributors 17.\" may be used to endorse or promote products derived from this software 18.\" without specific prior written permission. 19.\" 20.\" THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE REGENTS AND CONTRIBUTORS ``AS IS'' AND 21.\" ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, THE 22.\" IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE 23.\" ARE DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE REGENTS OR CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE 24.\" FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL, SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL 25.\" DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS 26.\" OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE, DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION) 27.\" HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT 28.\" LIABILITY, OR TORT (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY 29.\" OUT OF THE USE OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF 30.\" SUCH DAMAGE. 31.\" 32.\" @(#)expand.1 8.1 (Berkeley) 6/9/93 33.\" $FreeBSD$ 34.\" 35.Dd April 21, 2002 36.Dt EXPAND 1 37.Os 38.Sh NAME 39.Nm expand , 40.Nm unexpand 41.Nd expand tabs to spaces, and vice versa 42.Sh SYNOPSIS 43.Nm 44.Op Fl Ns Ar tabstop 45.Oo 46.Fl t 47.Sm off 48.Ar tab1 , tab2 , ... , tabn 49.Sm on 50.Oc 51.Op Ar 52.Nm unexpand 53.Op Fl a 54.Oo 55.Fl t 56.Sm off 57.Ar tab1 , tab2 , ... , tabn 58.Sm on 59.Oc 60.Op Ar 61.Sh DESCRIPTION 62The 63.Nm 64utility processes the named files or the standard input writing 65the standard output with tabs changed into blanks. 66Backspace characters are preserved into the output and decrement 67the column count for tab calculations. 68The 69.Nm 70utility is useful for pre-processing character files 71(before sorting, looking at specific columns, etc.) that 72contain tabs. 73.Pp 74If a single 75.Ar tabstop 76argument is given, then tabs are set 77.Ar tabstop 78spaces apart instead of the default 8. 79If multiple tabstops are given then the tabs are set at those 80specific columns. 81.Pp 82The 83.Nm unexpand 84utility puts tabs back into the data from the standard input or the named 85files and writes the result on the standard output. 86.Pp 87Option (with 88.Nm unexpand 89only): 90.Bl -tag -width indent 91.It Fl a 92By default, only leading blanks and tabs 93are reconverted to maximal strings of tabs. If the 94.Fl a 95option is given, then tabs are inserted whenever they would compress the 96resultant file by replacing two or more characters. 97.El 98.Sh STANDARDS 99The 100.Nm expand 101and 102.Nm unexpand 103utilities conform to 104.St -p1003.1-2001 . 105.Sh HISTORY 106The 107.Nm 108command appeared in 109.Bx 3.0 . 110