1.\" Copyright (c) 1980, 1990, 1993 2.\" The Regents of the University of California. All rights reserved. 3.\" 4.\" Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without 5.\" modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions 6.\" are met: 7.\" 1. Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright 8.\" notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer. 9.\" 2. Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above copyright 10.\" notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer in the 11.\" documentation and/or other materials provided with the distribution. 12.\" 3. Neither the name of the University nor the names of its contributors 13.\" may be used to endorse or promote products derived from this software 14.\" without specific prior written permission. 15.\" 16.\" THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE REGENTS AND CONTRIBUTORS ``AS IS'' AND 17.\" ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, THE 18.\" IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE 19.\" ARE DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE REGENTS OR CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE 20.\" FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL, SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL 21.\" DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS 22.\" OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE, DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION) 23.\" HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT 24.\" LIABILITY, OR TORT (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY 25.\" OUT OF THE USE OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF 26.\" SUCH DAMAGE. 27.\" 28.\" @(#)expand.1 8.1 (Berkeley) 6/9/93 29.\" 30.Dd June 6, 2015 31.Dt EXPAND 1 32.Os 33.Sh NAME 34.Nm expand , 35.Nm unexpand 36.Nd expand tabs to spaces, and vice versa 37.Sh SYNOPSIS 38.Nm 39.Oo 40.Fl t 41.Sm off 42.Ar tab1 , tab2 , ... , tabn 43.Sm on 44.Oc 45.Op Ar 46.Nm unexpand 47.Oo 48.Fl a | t 49.Sm off 50.Ar tab1 , tab2 , ... , tabn 51.Sm on 52.Oc 53.Op Ar 54.Sh DESCRIPTION 55The 56.Nm 57utility processes the named files or the standard input writing 58the standard output with tabs changed into blanks. 59Backspace characters are preserved into the output and decrement 60the column count for tab calculations. 61The 62.Nm 63utility is useful for pre-processing character files 64(before sorting, looking at specific columns, etc.) that 65contain tabs. 66.Pp 67The 68.Nm unexpand 69utility puts tabs back into the data from the standard input or the named 70files and writes the result on the standard output. 71.Pp 72The following options are available: 73.Bl -tag -width indent 74.It Fl a 75.Nm ( unexpand 76only.) 77By default, only leading blanks and tabs 78are reconverted to maximal strings of tabs. 79If the 80.Fl a 81option is given, then tabs are inserted whenever they would compress the 82resultant file by replacing two or more characters. 83.It Fl t \&Sm Ar tab1 , tab2 , ... , tabn \&Sm 84Set tab stops at column positions 85.Ar tab1 , tab2 , ... , tabn . 86If only a single number is given, tab stops are set that number of 87column positions apart instead of the default number of 8. 88.El 89.Sh ENVIRONMENT 90The 91.Ev LANG , LC_ALL 92and 93.Ev LC_CTYPE 94environment variables affect the execution of 95.Nm 96and 97.Nm unexpand 98as described in 99.Xr environ 7 . 100.Sh EXIT STATUS 101.Ex -std expand unexpand 102.Sh STANDARDS 103The 104.Nm 105and 106.Nm unexpand 107utilities conform to 108.St -p1003.1-2001 . 109.Sh HISTORY 110The 111.Nm 112utility first appeared in 113.Bx 1 . 114