1.\" Copyright (c) 1980, 1990, 1993 2.\" The Regents of the University of California. All rights reserved. 3.\" 4.\" Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without 5.\" modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions 6.\" are met: 7.\" 1. Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright 8.\" notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer. 9.\" 2. Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above copyright 10.\" notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer in the 11.\" documentation and/or other materials provided with the distribution. 12.\" 3. All advertising materials mentioning features or use of this software 13.\" must display the following acknowledgement: 14.\" This product includes software developed by the University of 15.\" California, Berkeley and its contributors. 16.\" 4. Neither the name of the University nor the names of its contributors 17.\" may be used to endorse or promote products derived from this software 18.\" without specific prior written permission. 19.\" 20.\" THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE REGENTS AND CONTRIBUTORS ``AS IS'' AND 21.\" ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, THE 22.\" IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE 23.\" ARE DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE REGENTS OR CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE 24.\" FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL, SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL 25.\" DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS 26.\" OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE, DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION) 27.\" HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT 28.\" LIABILITY, OR TORT (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY 29.\" OUT OF THE USE OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF 30.\" SUCH DAMAGE. 31.\" 32.\" @(#)expand.1 8.1 (Berkeley) 6/9/93 33.\" $FreeBSD$ 34.\" 35.Dd October 13, 2006 36.Dt EXPAND 1 37.Os 38.Sh NAME 39.Nm expand , 40.Nm unexpand 41.Nd expand tabs to spaces, and vice versa 42.Sh SYNOPSIS 43.Nm 44.Oo 45.Fl t 46.Sm off 47.Ar tab1 , tab2 , ... , tabn 48.Sm on 49.Oc 50.Op Ar 51.Nm unexpand 52.Oo 53.Fl a | t 54.Sm off 55.Ar tab1 , tab2 , ... , tabn 56.Sm on 57.Oc 58.Op Ar 59.Sh DESCRIPTION 60The 61.Nm 62utility processes the named files or the standard input writing 63the standard output with tabs changed into blanks. 64Backspace characters are preserved into the output and decrement 65the column count for tab calculations. 66The 67.Nm 68utility is useful for pre-processing character files 69(before sorting, looking at specific columns, etc.) that 70contain tabs. 71.Pp 72The 73.Nm unexpand 74utility puts tabs back into the data from the standard input or the named 75files and writes the result on the standard output. 76.Pp 77The following options are available: 78.Bl -tag -width indent 79.It Fl a 80.Nm ( unexpand 81only.) 82By default, only leading blanks and tabs 83are reconverted to maximal strings of tabs. 84If the 85.Fl a 86option is given, then tabs are inserted whenever they would compress the 87resultant file by replacing two or more characters. 88.It Fl t Sm Ar tab1 , tab2 , ... , tabn Sm 89Set tab stops at column positions 90.Ar tab1 , tab2 , ... , tabn . 91If only a single number is given, tab stops are set that number of 92column positions apart instead of the default number of 8. 93.El 94.Sh ENVIRONMENT 95The 96.Ev LANG , LC_ALL 97and 98.Ev LC_CTYPE 99environment variables affect the execution of 100.Nm 101and 102.Nm unexpand 103as described in 104.Xr environ 7 . 105.Sh EXIT STATUS 106.Ex -std expand unexpand 107.Sh STANDARDS 108The 109.Nm 110and 111.Nm unexpand 112utilities conform to 113.St -p1003.1-2001 . 114.Sh HISTORY 115The 116.Nm 117command appeared in 118.Bx 3.0 . 119