1.\" Copyright (c) 1980, 1990, 1993 2.\" The Regents of the University of California. All rights reserved. 3.\" 4.\" Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without 5.\" modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions 6.\" are met: 7.\" 1. Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright 8.\" notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer. 9.\" 2. Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above copyright 10.\" notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer in the 11.\" documentation and/or other materials provided with the distribution. 12.\" 3. Neither the name of the University nor the names of its contributors 13.\" may be used to endorse or promote products derived from this software 14.\" without specific prior written permission. 15.\" 16.\" THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE REGENTS AND CONTRIBUTORS ``AS IS'' AND 17.\" ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, THE 18.\" IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE 19.\" ARE DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE REGENTS OR CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE 20.\" FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL, SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL 21.\" DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS 22.\" OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE, DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION) 23.\" HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT 24.\" LIABILITY, OR TORT (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY 25.\" OUT OF THE USE OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF 26.\" SUCH DAMAGE. 27.\" 28.Dd June 6, 2015 29.Dt EXPAND 1 30.Os 31.Sh NAME 32.Nm expand , 33.Nm unexpand 34.Nd expand tabs to spaces, and vice versa 35.Sh SYNOPSIS 36.Nm 37.Oo 38.Fl t 39.Sm off 40.Ar tab1 , tab2 , ... , tabn 41.Sm on 42.Oc 43.Op Ar 44.Nm unexpand 45.Oo 46.Fl a | t 47.Sm off 48.Ar tab1 , tab2 , ... , tabn 49.Sm on 50.Oc 51.Op Ar 52.Sh DESCRIPTION 53The 54.Nm 55utility processes the named files or the standard input writing 56the standard output with tabs changed into blanks. 57Backspace characters are preserved into the output and decrement 58the column count for tab calculations. 59The 60.Nm 61utility is useful for pre-processing character files 62(before sorting, looking at specific columns, etc.) that 63contain tabs. 64.Pp 65The 66.Nm unexpand 67utility puts tabs back into the data from the standard input or the named 68files and writes the result on the standard output. 69.Pp 70The following options are available: 71.Bl -tag -width indent 72.It Fl a 73.Nm ( unexpand 74only.) 75By default, only leading blanks and tabs 76are reconverted to maximal strings of tabs. 77If the 78.Fl a 79option is given, then tabs are inserted whenever they would compress the 80resultant file by replacing two or more characters. 81.It Fl t Xo 82.Sm off 83.Ar tab1 , tab2 , ... , tabn 84.Sm on 85.Xc 86Set tab stops at column positions 87.Sm off 88.Ar tab1 , tab2 , ... , tabn . 89.Sm on 90If only a single number is given, tab stops are set that number of 91column positions apart instead of the default number of 8. 92.El 93.Sh ENVIRONMENT 94The 95.Ev LANG , LC_ALL 96and 97.Ev LC_CTYPE 98environment variables affect the execution of 99.Nm 100and 101.Nm unexpand 102as described in 103.Xr environ 7 . 104.Sh EXIT STATUS 105.Ex -std expand unexpand 106.Sh STANDARDS 107The 108.Nm 109and 110.Nm unexpand 111utilities conform to 112.St -p1003.1-2001 . 113.Sh HISTORY 114The 115.Nm 116utility first appeared in 117.Bx 1 . 118