xref: /freebsd/usr.bin/dtc/input_buffer.cc (revision b0d29bc47dba79f6f38e67eabadfb4b32ffd9390)
1 /*-
2  * SPDX-License-Identifier: BSD-2-Clause-FreeBSD
3  *
4  * Copyright (c) 2013 David Chisnall
5  * All rights reserved.
6  *
7  * This software was developed by SRI International and the University of
8  * Cambridge Computer Laboratory under DARPA/AFRL contract (FA8750-10-C-0237)
9  * ("CTSRD"), as part of the DARPA CRASH research programme.
10  *
11  * Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
12  * modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions
13  * are met:
14  * 1. Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright
15  *    notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
16  * 2. Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above copyright
17  *    notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer in the
18  *    documentation and/or other materials provided with the distribution.
19  *
20  * THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE AUTHOR AND CONTRIBUTORS ``AS IS'' AND
21  * ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, THE
22  * IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE
23  * ARE DISCLAIMED.  IN NO EVENT SHALL THE AUTHOR OR CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE
24  * FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL, SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL
25  * DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS
26  * OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE, DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION)
27  * HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT
28  * LIABILITY, OR TORT (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY
29  * OUT OF THE USE OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF
30  * SUCH DAMAGE.
31  *
32  * $FreeBSD$
33  */
34 
35 #include "input_buffer.hh"
36 #include <ctype.h>
37 #include <errno.h>
38 #include <limits.h>
39 #include <stdint.h>
40 #include <stdio.h>
41 #include <stdlib.h>
42 #include <string.h>
43 #include <functional>
44 #ifndef NDEBUG
45 #include <iostream>
46 #endif
47 
48 
49 #include <sys/stat.h>
50 #include <sys/mman.h>
51 #include <assert.h>
52 #include <fcntl.h>
53 #include <unistd.h>
54 
55 #ifndef MAP_PREFAULT_READ
56 #define MAP_PREFAULT_READ 0
57 #endif
58 
59 using std::string;
60 
61 namespace
62 {
63 /**
64  * Subclass of input_buffer that mmap()s a file and owns the resulting memory.
65  * When this object is destroyed, the memory is unmapped.
66  */
67 struct mmap_input_buffer : public dtc::input_buffer
68 {
69 	string fn;
70 	const string &filename() const override
71 	{
72 		return fn;
73 	}
74 	/**
75 	 * Constructs a new buffer from the file passed in as a file
76 	 * descriptor.
77 	 */
78 	mmap_input_buffer(int fd, string &&filename);
79 	/**
80 	 * Unmaps the buffer, if one exists.
81 	 */
82 	virtual ~mmap_input_buffer();
83 };
84 /**
85  * Input buffer read from standard input.  This is used for reading device tree
86  * blobs and source from standard input.  It reads the entire input into
87  * malloc'd memory, so will be very slow for large inputs.  DTS and DTB files
88  * are very rarely more than 10KB though, so this is probably not a problem.
89  */
90 struct stream_input_buffer : public dtc::input_buffer
91 {
92 	const string &filename() const override
93 	{
94 		static string n = "<standard input>";
95 		return n;
96 	}
97 	/**
98 	 * The buffer that will store the data read from the standard input.
99 	 */
100 	std::vector<char> b;
101 	/**
102 	 * Constructs a new buffer from the standard input.
103 	 */
104 	stream_input_buffer();
105 };
106 
107 mmap_input_buffer::mmap_input_buffer(int fd, string &&filename)
108 	: input_buffer(0, 0), fn(filename)
109 {
110 	struct stat sb;
111 	if (fstat(fd, &sb))
112 	{
113 		perror("Failed to stat file");
114 	}
115 	size = sb.st_size;
116 	buffer = (const char*)mmap(0, size, PROT_READ, MAP_PRIVATE |
117 			MAP_PREFAULT_READ, fd, 0);
118 	if (buffer == MAP_FAILED)
119 	{
120 		perror("Failed to mmap file");
121 		exit(EXIT_FAILURE);
122 	}
123 }
124 
125 mmap_input_buffer::~mmap_input_buffer()
126 {
127 	if (buffer != 0)
128 	{
129 		munmap(const_cast<char*>(buffer), size);
130 	}
131 }
132 
133 stream_input_buffer::stream_input_buffer() : input_buffer(0, 0)
134 {
135 	int c;
136 	while ((c = fgetc(stdin)) != EOF)
137 	{
138 		b.push_back(c);
139 	}
140 	buffer = b.data();
141 	size = b.size();
142 }
143 
144 } // Anonymous namespace
145 
146 
147 namespace dtc
148 {
149 
150 void
151 input_buffer::skip_to(char c)
152 {
153 	while ((cursor < size) && (buffer[cursor] != c))
154 	{
155 		cursor++;
156 	}
157 }
158 
159 void
160 text_input_buffer::skip_to(char c)
161 {
162 	while (!finished() && (*(*this) != c))
163 	{
164 		++(*this);
165 	}
166 }
167 
168 void
169 text_input_buffer::skip_spaces()
170 {
171 	if (finished()) { return; }
172 	char c = *(*this);
173 	bool last_nl = false;
174 	while ((c == ' ') || (c == '\t') || (c == '\n') || (c == '\f')
175 	       || (c == '\v') || (c == '\r'))
176 	{
177 		last_nl = ((c == '\n') || (c == '\r'));
178 		++(*this);
179 		if (finished())
180 		{
181 			c = '\0';
182 		}
183 		else
184 		{
185 			c = *(*this);
186 		}
187 	}
188 	// Skip C preprocessor leftovers
189 	if ((c == '#') && ((cursor == 0) || last_nl))
190 	{
191 		skip_to('\n');
192 		skip_spaces();
193 	}
194 	if (consume("/include/"))
195 	{
196 		handle_include();
197 		skip_spaces();
198 	}
199 }
200 
201 void
202 text_input_buffer::handle_include()
203 {
204 	bool reallyInclude = true;
205 	if (consume("if "))
206 	{
207 		next_token();
208 		string name = parse_property_name();
209 		if (defines.count(name) == 0)
210 		{
211 			reallyInclude = false;
212 		}
213 		consume('/');
214 	}
215 	next_token();
216 	if (!consume('"'))
217 	{
218 		parse_error("Expected quoted filename");
219 		return;
220 	}
221 	auto loc = location();
222 	string file = parse_to('"');
223 	consume('"');
224 	if (!reallyInclude)
225 	{
226 		return;
227 	}
228 	string include_file = dir + '/' + file;
229 	auto include_buffer = input_buffer::buffer_for_file(include_file, false);
230 	if (include_buffer == 0)
231 	{
232 		for (auto i : include_paths)
233 		{
234 			include_file = i + '/' + file;
235 			include_buffer = input_buffer::buffer_for_file(include_file, false);
236 			if (include_buffer != 0)
237 			{
238 				break;
239 			}
240 		}
241 	}
242 	if (depfile)
243 	{
244 		putc(' ', depfile);
245 		fputs(include_file.c_str(), depfile);
246 	}
247 	if (!include_buffer)
248 	{
249 		loc.report_error("Unable to locate input file");
250 		return;
251 	}
252 	input_stack.push(std::move(include_buffer));
253 }
254 
255 bool text_input_buffer::read_binary_file(const std::string &filename, byte_buffer &b)
256 {
257 	bool try_include_paths = true;
258 	string include_file;
259 	if (filename[0] == '/')
260 	{
261 		include_file = filename;
262 		// Don't try include paths if we're given an absolute path.
263 		// Failing is better so that we don't accidentally do the wrong thing,
264 		// but make it seem like everything is alright.
265 		try_include_paths = false;
266 	}
267 	else
268 	{
269 		include_file = dir + '/' + filename;
270 	}
271 	auto include_buffer = input_buffer::buffer_for_file(include_file, false);
272 	if (include_buffer == 0 && try_include_paths)
273 	{
274 		for (auto i : include_paths)
275 		{
276 			include_file = i + '/' + filename;
277 			include_buffer = input_buffer::buffer_for_file(include_file, false);
278 			if (include_buffer != 0)
279 			{
280 				break;
281 			}
282 		}
283 	}
284 	if (!include_buffer)
285 	{
286 		return false;
287 	}
288 	if (depfile)
289 	{
290 		putc(' ', depfile);
291 		fputs(include_file.c_str(), depfile);
292 	}
293 	b.insert(b.begin(), include_buffer->begin(), include_buffer->end());
294 	return true;
295 }
296 
297 input_buffer
298 input_buffer::buffer_from_offset(int offset, int s)
299 {
300 	if (offset < 0)
301 	{
302 		return input_buffer();
303 	}
304 	if (s == 0)
305 	{
306 		s = size - offset;
307 	}
308 	if (offset > size)
309 	{
310 		return input_buffer();
311 	}
312 	if (s > (size-offset))
313 	{
314 		return input_buffer();
315 	}
316 	return input_buffer(&buffer[offset], s);
317 }
318 
319 bool
320 input_buffer::consume(const char *str)
321 {
322 	int len = strlen(str);
323 	if (len > size - cursor)
324 	{
325 		return false;
326 	}
327 	else
328 	{
329 		for (int i=0 ; i<len ; ++i)
330 		{
331 			if (str[i] != (*this)[i])
332 			{
333 				return false;
334 			}
335 		}
336 		cursor += len;
337 		return true;
338 	}
339 	return false;
340 }
341 
342 bool
343 input_buffer::consume_integer(unsigned long long &outInt)
344 {
345 	// The first character must be a digit.  Hex and octal strings
346 	// are prefixed by 0 and 0x, respectively.
347 	if (!isdigit((*this)[0]))
348 	{
349 		return false;
350 	}
351 	char *end= const_cast<char*>(&buffer[size]);
352 	outInt = strtoull(&buffer[cursor], &end, 0);
353 	if (end == &buffer[cursor])
354 	{
355 		return false;
356 	}
357 	cursor = end - buffer;
358 	return true;
359 }
360 
361 namespace {
362 
363 /**
364  * Convenience typedef for the type that we use for all values.
365  */
366 typedef unsigned long long valty;
367 
368 /**
369  * Expression tree currently being parsed.
370  */
371 struct expression
372 {
373 	typedef text_input_buffer::source_location source_location;
374 	/**
375 	 * The type that is returned when computing the result.  The boolean value
376 	 * indicates whether this is a valid expression.
377 	 *
378 	 * FIXME: Once we can use C++17, this should be `std::optional`.
379 	 */
380 	typedef std::pair<valty, bool> result;
381 	/**
382 	 * Evaluate this node, taking into account operator precedence.
383 	 */
384 	virtual result operator()() = 0;
385 	/**
386 	 * Returns the precedence of this node.  Lower values indicate higher
387 	 * precedence.
388 	 */
389 	virtual int precedence() = 0;
390 	/**
391 	 * Constructs an expression, storing the location where it was created.
392 	 */
393 	expression(source_location l) : loc(l) {}
394 	virtual ~expression() {}
395 #ifndef NDEBUG
396 	/**
397 	 * Dumps this expression to `std::cerr`, appending a newline if `nl` is
398 	 * `true`.
399 	 */
400 	void dump(bool nl=false)
401 	{
402 		void *ptr = this;
403 		if (ptr == nullptr)
404 		{
405 			std::cerr << "{nullptr}\n";
406 			return;
407 		}
408 		dump_impl();
409 		if (nl)
410 		{
411 			std::cerr << '\n';
412 		}
413 	}
414 	private:
415 	/**
416 	 * Method that sublcasses override to implement the behaviour of `dump()`.
417 	 */
418 	virtual void dump_impl() = 0;
419 #endif
420 	protected:
421 	source_location loc;
422 };
423 
424 /**
425  * Expression wrapping a single integer.  Leaf nodes in the expression tree.
426  */
427 class terminal_expr : public expression
428 {
429 	/**
430 	 * The value that this wraps.
431 	 */
432 	valty val;
433 	/**
434 	 * Evaluate.  Trivially returns the value that this class wraps.
435 	 */
436 	result operator()() override
437 	{
438 		return {val, true};
439 	}
440 	int precedence() override
441 	{
442 		return 0;
443 	}
444 	public:
445 	/**
446 	 * Constructor.
447 	 */
448 	terminal_expr(source_location l, valty v) : expression(l), val(v) {}
449 #ifndef NDEBUG
450 	void dump_impl() override { std::cerr << val; }
451 #endif
452 };
453 
454 /**
455  * Parenthetical expression.  Exists to make the contents opaque.
456  */
457 struct paren_expression : public expression
458 {
459 	/**
460 	 * The expression within the parentheses.
461 	 */
462 	expression_ptr subexpr;
463 	/**
464 	 * Constructor.  Takes the child expression as the only argument.
465 	 */
466 	paren_expression(source_location l, expression_ptr p) : expression(l),
467 	subexpr(std::move(p)) {}
468 	int precedence() override
469 	{
470 		return 0;
471 	}
472 	/**
473 	 * Evaluate - just forwards to the underlying expression.
474 	 */
475 	result operator()() override
476 	{
477 		return (*subexpr)();
478 	}
479 #ifndef NDEBUG
480 	void dump_impl() override
481 	{
482 		std::cerr << " (";
483 		subexpr->dump();
484 		std::cerr << ") ";
485 	}
486 #endif
487 };
488 
489 /**
490  * Template class for unary operators.  The `OpChar` template parameter is
491  * solely for debugging and makes it easy to print the expression.  The `Op`
492  * template parameter is a function object that implements the operator that
493  * this class provides.  Most of these are provided by the `<functional>`
494  * header.
495  */
496 template<char OpChar, class Op>
497 class unary_operator : public expression
498 {
499 	/**
500 	 * The subexpression for this unary operator.
501 	 */
502 	expression_ptr subexpr;
503 	result operator()() override
504 	{
505 		Op op;
506 		result s = (*subexpr)();
507 		if (!s.second)
508 		{
509 			return s;
510 		}
511 		return {op(s.first), true};
512 	}
513 	/**
514 	 * All unary operators have the same precedence.  They are all evaluated
515 	 * before binary expressions, but after parentheses.
516 	 */
517 	int precedence() override
518 	{
519 		return 3;
520 	}
521 	public:
522 	unary_operator(source_location l, expression_ptr p) :
523 		expression(l), subexpr(std::move(p)) {}
524 #ifndef NDEBUG
525 	void dump_impl() override
526 	{
527 		std::cerr << OpChar;
528 		subexpr->dump();
529 	}
530 #endif
531 };
532 
533 /**
534  * Abstract base class for binary operators.  Allows the tree to be modified
535  * without knowing what the operations actually are.
536  */
537 struct binary_operator_base : public expression
538 {
539 	using expression::expression;
540 	/**
541 	 * The left side of the expression.
542 	 */
543 	expression_ptr lhs;
544 	/**
545 	 * The right side of the expression.
546 	 */
547 	expression_ptr rhs;
548 	/**
549 	 * Insert a node somewhere down the path of left children, until it would
550 	 * be preempting something that should execute first.
551 	 */
552 	void insert_left(binary_operator_base *new_left)
553 	{
554 		if (lhs->precedence() < new_left->precedence())
555 		{
556 			new_left->rhs = std::move(lhs);
557 			lhs.reset(new_left);
558 		}
559 		else
560 		{
561 			static_cast<binary_operator_base*>(lhs.get())->insert_left(new_left);
562 		}
563 	}
564 };
565 
566 /**
567  * Template class for binary operators.  The precedence and the operation are
568  * provided as template parameters.
569  */
570 template<int Precedence, class Op>
571 struct binary_operator : public binary_operator_base
572 {
573 	result operator()() override
574 	{
575 		Op op;
576 		result l = (*lhs)();
577 		result r = (*rhs)();
578 		if (!(l.second && r.second))
579 		{
580 			return {0, false};
581 		}
582 		return {op(l.first, r.first), true};
583 	}
584 	int precedence() override
585 	{
586 		return Precedence;
587 	}
588 #ifdef NDEBUG
589 	/**
590 	 * Constructor.  Takes the name of the operator as an argument, for
591 	 * debugging.  Only stores it in debug mode.
592 	 */
593 	binary_operator(source_location l, const char *) :
594 		binary_operator_base(l) {}
595 #else
596 	const char *opName;
597 	binary_operator(source_location l, const char *o) :
598 		binary_operator_base(l), opName(o) {}
599 	void dump_impl() override
600 	{
601 		lhs->dump();
602 		std::cerr << opName;
603 		rhs->dump();
604 	}
605 #endif
606 };
607 
608 /**
609  * Ternary conditional operators (`cond ? true : false`) are a special case -
610  * there are no other ternary operators.
611  */
612 class ternary_conditional_operator : public expression
613 {
614 	/**
615 	 * The condition for the clause.
616 	 */
617 	expression_ptr cond;
618 	/**
619 	 * The expression that this evaluates to if the condition is true.
620 	 */
621 	expression_ptr lhs;
622 	/**
623 	 * The expression that this evaluates to if the condition is false.
624 	 */
625 	expression_ptr rhs;
626 	result operator()() override
627 	{
628 		result c = (*cond)();
629 		result l = (*lhs)();
630 		result r = (*rhs)();
631 		if (!(l.second && r.second && c.second))
632 		{
633 			return {0, false};
634 		}
635 		return c.first ? l : r;
636 	}
637 	int precedence() override
638 	{
639 		// The actual precedence of a ternary conditional operator is 15, but
640 		// its associativity is the opposite way around to the other operators,
641 		// so we fudge it slightly.
642 		return 3;
643 	}
644 #ifndef NDEBUG
645 	void dump_impl() override
646 	{
647 		cond->dump();
648 		std::cerr << " ? ";
649 		lhs->dump();
650 		std::cerr << " : ";
651 		rhs->dump();
652 	}
653 #endif
654 	public:
655 	ternary_conditional_operator(source_location sl,
656 	                             expression_ptr c,
657 	                             expression_ptr l,
658 	                             expression_ptr r) :
659 		expression(sl), cond(std::move(c)), lhs(std::move(l)),
660 		rhs(std::move(r)) {}
661 };
662 
663 template<typename T>
664 struct lshift
665 {
666 	constexpr T operator()(const T &lhs, const T &rhs) const
667 	{
668 		return lhs << rhs;
669 	}
670 };
671 template<typename T>
672 struct rshift
673 {
674 	constexpr T operator()(const T &lhs, const T &rhs) const
675 	{
676 		return lhs >> rhs;
677 	}
678 };
679 template<typename T>
680 struct unary_plus
681 {
682 	constexpr T operator()(const T &val) const
683 	{
684 		return +val;
685 	}
686 };
687 // TODO: Replace with std::bit_not once we can guarantee C++14 as a baseline.
688 template<typename T>
689 struct bit_not
690 {
691 	constexpr T operator()(const T &val) const
692 	{
693 		return ~val;
694 	}
695 };
696 
697 template<typename T>
698 struct divmod : public binary_operator<5, T>
699 {
700 	using binary_operator<5, T>::binary_operator;
701 	using typename binary_operator_base::result;
702 	result operator()() override
703 	{
704 		result r = (*binary_operator_base::rhs)();
705 		if (r.second && (r.first == 0))
706 		{
707 			expression::loc.report_error("Division by zero");
708 			return {0, false};
709 		}
710 		return binary_operator<5, T>::operator()();
711 	}
712 };
713 
714 } // anonymous namespace
715 
716 
717 expression_ptr text_input_buffer::parse_binary_expression(expression_ptr lhs)
718 {
719 	next_token();
720 	binary_operator_base *expr = nullptr;
721 	char op = *(*this);
722 	source_location l = location();
723 	switch (op)
724 	{
725 		default:
726 			return lhs;
727 		case '+':
728 			expr = new binary_operator<6, std::plus<valty>>(l, "+");
729 			break;
730 		case '-':
731 			expr = new binary_operator<6, std::minus<valty>>(l, "-");
732 			break;
733 		case '%':
734 			expr = new divmod<std::modulus<valty>>(l, "/");
735 			break;
736 		case '*':
737 			expr = new binary_operator<5, std::multiplies<valty>>(l, "*");
738 			break;
739 		case '/':
740 			expr = new divmod<std::divides<valty>>(l, "/");
741 			break;
742 		case '<':
743 			switch (peek())
744 			{
745 				default:
746 					parse_error("Invalid operator");
747 					return nullptr;
748 				case ' ':
749 				case '(':
750 				case '0'...'9':
751 					expr = new binary_operator<8, std::less<valty>>(l, "<");
752 					break;
753 				case '=':
754 					++(*this);
755 					expr = new binary_operator<8, std::less_equal<valty>>(l, "<=");
756 					break;
757 				case '<':
758 					++(*this);
759 					expr = new binary_operator<7, lshift<valty>>(l, "<<");
760 					break;
761 			}
762 			break;
763 		case '>':
764 			switch (peek())
765 			{
766 				default:
767 					parse_error("Invalid operator");
768 					return nullptr;
769 				case '(':
770 				case ' ':
771 				case '0'...'9':
772 					expr = new binary_operator<8, std::greater<valty>>(l, ">");
773 					break;
774 				case '=':
775 					++(*this);
776 					expr = new binary_operator<8, std::greater_equal<valty>>(l, ">=");
777 					break;
778 				case '>':
779 					++(*this);
780 					expr = new binary_operator<7, rshift<valty>>(l, ">>");
781 					break;
782 					return lhs;
783 			}
784 			break;
785 		case '=':
786 			if (peek() != '=')
787 			{
788 				parse_error("Invalid operator");
789 				return nullptr;
790 			}
791 			expr = new binary_operator<9, std::equal_to<valty>>(l, "==");
792 			break;
793 		case '!':
794 			if (peek() != '=')
795 			{
796 				parse_error("Invalid operator");
797 				return nullptr;
798 			}
799 			cursor++;
800 			expr = new binary_operator<9, std::not_equal_to<valty>>(l, "!=");
801 			break;
802 		case '&':
803 			if (peek() == '&')
804 			{
805 				expr = new binary_operator<13, std::logical_and<valty>>(l, "&&");
806 			}
807 			else
808 			{
809 				expr = new binary_operator<10, std::bit_and<valty>>(l, "&");
810 			}
811 			break;
812 		case '|':
813 			if (peek() == '|')
814 			{
815 				expr = new binary_operator<12, std::logical_or<valty>>(l, "||");
816 			}
817 			else
818 			{
819 				expr = new binary_operator<14, std::bit_or<valty>>(l, "|");
820 			}
821 			break;
822 		case '?':
823 		{
824 			consume('?');
825 			expression_ptr true_case = parse_expression();
826 			next_token();
827 			if (!true_case || !consume(':'))
828 			{
829 				parse_error("Expected : in ternary conditional operator");
830 				return nullptr;
831 			}
832 			expression_ptr false_case = parse_expression();
833 			if (!false_case)
834 			{
835 				parse_error("Expected false condition for ternary operator");
836 				return nullptr;
837 			}
838 			return expression_ptr(new ternary_conditional_operator(l, std::move(lhs),
839 						std::move(true_case), std::move(false_case)));
840 		}
841 	}
842 	++(*this);
843 	next_token();
844 	expression_ptr e(expr);
845 	expression_ptr rhs(parse_expression());
846 	if (!rhs)
847 	{
848 		return nullptr;
849 	}
850 	expr->lhs = std::move(lhs);
851 	if (rhs->precedence() < expr->precedence())
852 	{
853 		expr->rhs = std::move(rhs);
854 	}
855 	else
856 	{
857 		// If we're a normal left-to-right expression, then we need to insert
858 		// this as the far-left child node of the rhs expression
859 		binary_operator_base *rhs_op =
860 			static_cast<binary_operator_base*>(rhs.get());
861 		rhs_op->insert_left(expr);
862 		e.release();
863 		return rhs;
864 	}
865 	return e;
866 }
867 
868 expression_ptr text_input_buffer::parse_expression(bool stopAtParen)
869 {
870 	next_token();
871 	unsigned long long leftVal;
872 	expression_ptr lhs;
873 	source_location l = location();
874 	switch (*(*this))
875 	{
876 		case '0'...'9':
877 			if (!consume_integer(leftVal))
878 			{
879 				return nullptr;
880 			}
881 			lhs.reset(new terminal_expr(l, leftVal));
882 			break;
883 		case '(':
884 		{
885 			consume('(');
886 			expression_ptr &&subexpr = parse_expression();
887 			if (!subexpr)
888 			{
889 				return nullptr;
890 			}
891 			lhs.reset(new paren_expression(l, std::move(subexpr)));
892 			if (!consume(')'))
893 			{
894 				return nullptr;
895 			}
896 			if (stopAtParen)
897 			{
898 				return lhs;
899 			}
900 			break;
901 		}
902 		case '+':
903 		{
904 			consume('+');
905 			expression_ptr &&subexpr = parse_expression();
906 			if (!subexpr)
907 			{
908 				return nullptr;
909 			}
910 			lhs.reset(new unary_operator<'+', unary_plus<valty>>(l, std::move(subexpr)));
911 			break;
912 		}
913 		case '-':
914 		{
915 			consume('-');
916 			expression_ptr &&subexpr = parse_expression();
917 			if (!subexpr)
918 			{
919 				return nullptr;
920 			}
921 			lhs.reset(new unary_operator<'-', std::negate<valty>>(l, std::move(subexpr)));
922 			break;
923 		}
924 		case '!':
925 		{
926 			consume('!');
927 			expression_ptr &&subexpr = parse_expression();
928 			if (!subexpr)
929 			{
930 				return nullptr;
931 			}
932 			lhs.reset(new unary_operator<'!', std::logical_not<valty>>(l, std::move(subexpr)));
933 			break;
934 		}
935 		case '~':
936 		{
937 			consume('~');
938 			expression_ptr &&subexpr = parse_expression();
939 			if (!subexpr)
940 			{
941 				return nullptr;
942 			}
943 			lhs.reset(new unary_operator<'~', bit_not<valty>>(l, std::move(subexpr)));
944 			break;
945 		}
946 	}
947 	if (!lhs)
948 	{
949 		return nullptr;
950 	}
951 	return parse_binary_expression(std::move(lhs));
952 }
953 
954 bool
955 text_input_buffer::consume_integer_expression(unsigned long long &outInt)
956 {
957 	switch (*(*this))
958 	{
959 		case '(':
960 		{
961 			expression_ptr e(parse_expression(true));
962 			if (!e)
963 			{
964 				return false;
965 			}
966 			auto r = (*e)();
967 			if (r.second)
968 			{
969 				outInt = r.first;
970 				return true;
971 			}
972 			return false;
973 		}
974 		case '0'...'9':
975 			return consume_integer(outInt);
976 		default:
977 			return false;
978 	}
979 }
980 
981 bool
982 input_buffer::consume_hex_byte(uint8_t &outByte)
983 {
984 	if (!ishexdigit((*this)[0]) && !ishexdigit((*this)[1]))
985 	{
986 		return false;
987 	}
988 	outByte = (digittoint((*this)[0]) << 4) | digittoint((*this)[1]);
989 	cursor += 2;
990 	return true;
991 }
992 
993 text_input_buffer&
994 text_input_buffer::next_token()
995 {
996 	auto &self = *this;
997 	int start;
998 	do {
999 		start = cursor;
1000 		skip_spaces();
1001 		if (finished())
1002 		{
1003 			return self;
1004 		}
1005 		// Parse /* comments
1006 		if (*self == '/' && peek() == '*')
1007 		{
1008 			// eat the start of the comment
1009 			++self;
1010 			++self;
1011 			do {
1012 				// Find the ending * of */
1013 				while ((*self != '\0') && (*self != '*') && !finished())
1014 				{
1015 					++self;
1016 				}
1017 				// Eat the *
1018 				++self;
1019 			} while ((*self != '\0') && (*self != '/') && !finished());
1020 			// Eat the /
1021 			++self;
1022 		}
1023 		// Parse // comments
1024 		if ((*self == '/' && peek() == '/'))
1025 		{
1026 			// eat the start of the comment
1027 			++self;
1028 			++self;
1029 			// Find the ending of the line
1030 			while (*self != '\n' && !finished())
1031 			{
1032 				++self;
1033 			}
1034 			// Eat the \n
1035 			++self;
1036 		}
1037 	} while (start != cursor);
1038 	return self;
1039 }
1040 
1041 void
1042 text_input_buffer::parse_error(const char *msg)
1043 {
1044 	if (input_stack.empty())
1045 	{
1046 		fprintf(stderr, "Error: %s\n", msg);
1047 		return;
1048 	}
1049 	input_buffer &b = *input_stack.top();
1050 	parse_error(msg, b, b.cursor);
1051 }
1052 void
1053 text_input_buffer::parse_error(const char *msg,
1054                                input_buffer &b,
1055                                int loc)
1056 {
1057 	int line_count = 1;
1058 	int line_start = 0;
1059 	int line_end = loc;
1060 	if (loc < 0 || loc > b.size)
1061 	{
1062 		return;
1063 	}
1064 	for (int i=loc ; i>0 ; --i)
1065 	{
1066 		if (b.buffer[i] == '\n')
1067 		{
1068 			line_count++;
1069 			if (line_start == 0)
1070 			{
1071 				line_start = i+1;
1072 			}
1073 		}
1074 	}
1075 	for (int i=loc+1 ; i<b.size ; ++i)
1076 	{
1077 		if (b.buffer[i] == '\n')
1078 		{
1079 			line_end = i;
1080 			break;
1081 		}
1082 	}
1083 	fprintf(stderr, "Error at %s:%d:%d: %s\n", b.filename().c_str(), line_count, loc - line_start, msg);
1084 	fwrite(&b.buffer[line_start], line_end-line_start, 1, stderr);
1085 	putc('\n', stderr);
1086 	for (int i=0 ; i<(loc-line_start) ; ++i)
1087 	{
1088 		char c = (b.buffer[i+line_start] == '\t') ? '\t' : ' ';
1089 		putc(c, stderr);
1090 	}
1091 	putc('^', stderr);
1092 	putc('\n', stderr);
1093 }
1094 #ifndef NDEBUG
1095 void
1096 input_buffer::dump()
1097 {
1098 	fprintf(stderr, "Current cursor: %d\n", cursor);
1099 	fwrite(&buffer[cursor], size-cursor, 1, stderr);
1100 }
1101 #endif
1102 
1103 
1104 namespace
1105 {
1106 /**
1107  * The source files are ASCII, so we provide a non-locale-aware version of
1108  * isalpha.  This is a class so that it can be used with a template function
1109  * for parsing strings.
1110  */
1111 struct is_alpha
1112 {
1113 	static inline bool check(const char c)
1114 	{
1115 		return ((c >= 'a') && (c <= 'z')) || ((c >= 'A') &&
1116 			(c <= 'Z'));
1117 	}
1118 };
1119 /**
1120  * Check whether a character is in the set allowed for node names.  This is a
1121  * class so that it can be used with a template function for parsing strings.
1122  */
1123 struct is_node_name_character
1124 {
1125 	static inline bool check(const char c)
1126 	{
1127 		switch(c)
1128 		{
1129 			default:
1130 				return false;
1131 			case 'a'...'z': case 'A'...'Z': case '0'...'9':
1132 			case ',': case '.': case '+': case '-':
1133 			case '_':
1134 				return true;
1135 		}
1136 	}
1137 };
1138 /**
1139  * Check whether a character is in the set allowed for property names.  This is
1140  * a class so that it can be used with a template function for parsing strings.
1141  */
1142 struct is_property_name_character
1143 {
1144 	static inline bool check(const char c)
1145 	{
1146 		switch(c)
1147 		{
1148 			default:
1149 				return false;
1150 			case 'a'...'z': case 'A'...'Z': case '0'...'9':
1151 			case ',': case '.': case '+': case '-':
1152 			case '_': case '#':
1153 				return true;
1154 		}
1155 	}
1156 };
1157 
1158 template<class T>
1159 string parse(text_input_buffer &s)
1160 {
1161 	std::vector<char> bytes;
1162 	for (char c=*s ; T::check(c) ; c=*(++s))
1163 	{
1164 		bytes.push_back(c);
1165 	}
1166 	return string(bytes.begin(), bytes.end());
1167 }
1168 
1169 }
1170 
1171 string
1172 text_input_buffer::parse_node_name()
1173 {
1174 	return parse<is_node_name_character>(*this);
1175 }
1176 
1177 string
1178 text_input_buffer::parse_property_name()
1179 {
1180 	return parse<is_property_name_character>(*this);
1181 }
1182 
1183 string
1184 text_input_buffer::parse_node_or_property_name(bool &is_property)
1185 {
1186 	if (is_property)
1187 	{
1188 		return parse_property_name();
1189 	}
1190 	std::vector<char> bytes;
1191 	for (char c=*(*this) ; is_node_name_character::check(c) ; c=*(++(*this)))
1192 	{
1193 		bytes.push_back(c);
1194 	}
1195 	for (char c=*(*this) ; is_property_name_character::check(c) ; c=*(++(*this)))
1196 	{
1197 		bytes.push_back(c);
1198 		is_property = true;
1199 	}
1200 	return string(bytes.begin(), bytes.end());
1201 }
1202 
1203 string
1204 input_buffer::parse_to(char stop)
1205 {
1206 	std::vector<char> bytes;
1207 	for (char c=*(*this) ; c != stop ; c=*(++(*this)))
1208 	{
1209 		bytes.push_back(c);
1210 	}
1211 	return string(bytes.begin(), bytes.end());
1212 }
1213 
1214 string
1215 text_input_buffer::parse_to(char stop)
1216 {
1217 	std::vector<char> bytes;
1218 	for (char c=*(*this) ; c != stop ; c=*(++(*this)))
1219 	{
1220 		if (finished())
1221 		{
1222 			break;
1223 		}
1224 		bytes.push_back(c);
1225 	}
1226 	return string(bytes.begin(), bytes.end());
1227 }
1228 
1229 char
1230 text_input_buffer::peek()
1231 {
1232 	return (*input_stack.top())[1];
1233 }
1234 
1235 std::unique_ptr<input_buffer>
1236 input_buffer::buffer_for_file(const string &path, bool warn)
1237 {
1238 	if (path == "-")
1239 	{
1240 		std::unique_ptr<input_buffer> b(new stream_input_buffer());
1241 		return b;
1242 	}
1243 	int source = open(path.c_str(), O_RDONLY);
1244 	if (source == -1)
1245 	{
1246 		if (warn)
1247 		{
1248 			fprintf(stderr, "Unable to open file '%s'.  %s\n", path.c_str(), strerror(errno));
1249 		}
1250 		return 0;
1251 	}
1252 	struct stat st;
1253 	if (fstat(source, &st) == 0 && S_ISDIR(st.st_mode))
1254 	{
1255 		if (warn)
1256 		{
1257 			fprintf(stderr, "File %s is a directory\n", path.c_str());
1258 		}
1259 		close(source);
1260 		return 0;
1261 	}
1262 	std::unique_ptr<input_buffer> b(new mmap_input_buffer(source, string(path)));
1263 	close(source);
1264 	return b;
1265 }
1266 
1267 } // namespace dtc
1268 
1269