$FreeBSD$
. RS \\$1 . nr rst2man-indent\\n[rst2man-indent-level] \\n[an-margin] . nr rst2man-indent-level +1 .rstReportMargin post:
.. . RE indent \\n[an-margin]
old: \\n[rst2man-indent\\n[rst2man-indent-level]]
.nr rst2man-indent-level -1 new: \\n[rst2man-indent\\n[rst2man-indent-level]]
.. Man page generated from reStructuredText.
.
.
"LLVM-AR" "1" "2012-08-16" "3.2" "LLVM"
NAME
llvm-ar - LLVM archiver
.
.nr rst2man-indent-level 0
.
\\$1 \\n[an-margin]
level \\n[rst2man-indent-level]
level margin: \\n[rst2man-indent\\n[rst2man-indent-level]]
-
\\n[rst2man-indent0]
\\n[rst2man-indent1]
\\n[rst2man-indent2]
..
.rstReportMargin pre:. RS \\$1 . nr rst2man-indent\\n[rst2man-indent-level] \\n[an-margin] . nr rst2man-indent-level +1 .rstReportMargin post:
.. . RE indent \\n[an-margin]
old: \\n[rst2man-indent\\n[rst2man-indent-level]]
.nr rst2man-indent-level -1 new: \\n[rst2man-indent\\n[rst2man-indent-level]]
.. Man page generated from reStructuredText.
.
SYNOPSIS
llvm-ar [-]{dmpqrtx}[Rabfikou] [relpos] [count] <archive> [files...]
DESCRIPTION
The llvm-ar command is similar to the common Unix utility, ar. It
archives several files together into a single file. The intent for this is
to produce archive libraries by LLVM bitcode that can be linked into an
LLVM program. However, the archive can contain any kind of file. By default,
llvm-ar generates a symbol table that makes linking faster because
only the symbol table needs to be consulted, not each individual file member
of the archive.
The llvm-ar command can be used to read both SVR4 and BSD style archive
files. However, it cannot be used to write them. While the llvm-ar command
produces files that are almost identical to the format used by other ar
implementations, it has two significant departures in order to make the
archive appropriate for LLVM. The first departure is that llvm-ar only
uses BSD4.4 style long path names (stored immediately after the header) and
never contains a string table for long names. The second departure is that the
symbol table is formated for efficient construction of an in-memory data
structure that permits rapid (red-black tree) lookups. Consequently, archives
produced with llvm-ar usually won\(aqt be readable or editable with any
ar implementation or useful for linking. Using the f modifier to flatten
file names will make the archive readable by other ar implementations
but not for linking because the symbol table format for LLVM is unique. If an
SVR4 or BSD style archive is used with the r (replace) or q (quick
update) operations, the archive will be reconstructed in LLVM format. This
means that the string table will be dropped (in deference to BSD 4.4 long names)
and an LLVM symbol table will be added (by default). The system symbol table
will be retained.
Here\(aqs where llvm-ar departs from previous ar implementations:
Symbol Table
NDENT 0.0 NDENT 3.5 Since llvm-ar is intended to archive bitcode files, the symbol table
won\(aqt make much sense to anything but LLVM. Consequently, the symbol table\(aqs
format has been simplified. It consists simply of a sequence of pairs
of a file member index number as an LSB 4byte integer and a null-terminated
string.
NINDENT NINDENT Long Paths
NDENT 0.0 NDENT 3.5 Some ar implementations (SVR4) use a separate file member to record long
path names (> 15 characters). llvm-ar takes the BSD 4.4 and Mac OS X
approach which is to simply store the full path name immediately preceding
the data for the file. The path name is null terminated and may contain the
slash (/) character.
NINDENT NINDENT Directory Recursion
NDENT 0.0 NDENT 3.5 Most ar implementations do not recurse through directories but simply
ignore directories if they are presented to the program in the files
option. llvm-ar, however, can recurse through directory structures and
add all the files under a directory, if requested.
NINDENT NINDENT TOC Verbose Output
NDENT 0.0 NDENT 3.5 When llvm-ar prints out the verbose table of contents (tv option), it
precedes the usual output with a character indicating the basic kind of
content in the file. A blank means the file is a regular file. A \(aqB\(aq means
the file is an LLVM bitcode file. An \(aqS\(aq means the file is the symbol table.
NINDENT NINDENT OPTIONS
The options to llvm-ar are compatible with other ar implementations.
However, there are a few modifiers (R) that are not found in other ar
implementations. The options to llvm-ar specify a single basic operation to
perform on the archive, a variety of modifiers for that operation, the name of
the archive file, and an optional list of file names. These options are used to
determine how llvm-ar should process the archive file.
The Operations and Modifiers are explained in the sections below. The minimal
set of options is at least one operator and the name of the archive. Typically
archive files end with a .a suffix, but this is not required. Following
the archive-name comes a list of files that indicate the specific members
of the archive to operate on. If the files option is not specified, it
generally means either "none" or "all" members, depending on the operation.
Operations
d
NDENT 0.0 NDENT 3.5 Delete files from the archive. No modifiers are applicable to this operation.
The files options specify which members should be removed from the
archive. It is not an error if a specified file does not appear in the archive.
If no files are specified, the archive is not modified.
NINDENT NINDENT m[abi]
NDENT 0.0 NDENT 3.5 Move files from one location in the archive to another. The a, b, and
i modifiers apply to this operation. The files will all be moved
to the location given by the modifiers. If no modifiers are used, the files
will be moved to the end of the archive. If no files are specified, the
archive is not modified.
NINDENT NINDENT p[k]
NDENT 0.0 NDENT 3.5 Print files to the standard output. The k modifier applies to this
operation. This operation simply prints the files indicated to the
standard output. If no files are specified, the entire archive is printed.
Printing bitcode files is ill-advised as they might confuse your terminal
settings. The p operation never modifies the archive.
NINDENT NINDENT q[Rf]
NDENT 0.0 NDENT 3.5 Quickly append files to the end of the archive. The R, and f
modifiers apply to this operation. This operation quickly adds the
files to the archive without checking for duplicates that should be
removed first. If no files are specified, the archive is not modified.
Because of the way that llvm-ar constructs the archive file, its dubious
whether the q operation is any faster than the r operation.
NINDENT NINDENT r[Rabfu]
NDENT 0.0 NDENT 3.5 Replace or insert file members. The R, a, b, f, and u
modifiers apply to this operation. This operation will replace existing
files or insert them at the end of the archive if they do not exist. If no
files are specified, the archive is not modified.
NINDENT NINDENT t[v]
NDENT 0.0 NDENT 3.5 Print the table of contents. Without any modifiers, this operation just prints
the names of the members to the standard output. With the v modifier,
llvm-ar also prints out the file type (B=bitcode, S=symbol
table, blank=regular file), the permission mode, the owner and group, the
size, and the date. If any files are specified, the listing is only for
those files. If no files are specified, the table of contents for the
whole archive is printed.
NINDENT NINDENT x[oP]
NDENT 0.0 NDENT 3.5 Extract archive members back to files. The o modifier applies to this
operation. This operation retrieves the indicated files from the archive
and writes them back to the operating system\(aqs file system. If no
files are specified, the entire archive is extract.
NINDENT NINDENT Modifiers (operation specific)
The modifiers below are specific to certain operations. See the Operations
section (above) to determine which modifiers are applicable to which operations.
[a]
NDENT 0.0 NDENT 3.5 When inserting or moving member files, this option specifies the destination of
the new files as being after the relpos member. If relpos is not found,
the files are placed at the end of the archive.
NINDENT NINDENT [b]
NDENT 0.0 NDENT 3.5 When inserting or moving member files, this option specifies the destination of
the new files as being before the relpos member. If relpos is not
found, the files are placed at the end of the archive. This modifier is
identical to the i modifier.
NINDENT NINDENT [f]
NDENT 0.0 NDENT 3.5 Normally, llvm-ar stores the full path name to a file as presented to it on
the command line. With this option, truncated (15 characters max) names are
used. This ensures name compatibility with older versions of ar but may also
thwart correct extraction of the files (duplicates may overwrite). If used with
the R option, the directory recursion will be performed but the file names
will all be flattened to simple file names.
NINDENT NINDENT [i]
NDENT 0.0 NDENT 3.5 A synonym for the b option.
NINDENT NINDENT [k]
NDENT 0.0 NDENT 3.5 Normally, llvm-ar will not print the contents of bitcode files when the
p operation is used. This modifier defeats the default and allows the
bitcode members to be printed.
NINDENT NINDENT [N]
NDENT 0.0 NDENT 3.5 This option is ignored by llvm-ar but provided for compatibility.
NINDENT NINDENT [o]
NDENT 0.0 NDENT 3.5 When extracting files, this option will cause llvm-ar to preserve the
original modification times of the files it writes.
NINDENT NINDENT [P]
NDENT 0.0 NDENT 3.5 use full path names when matching
NINDENT NINDENT [R]
NDENT 0.0 NDENT 3.5 This modifier instructions the r option to recursively process directories.
Without R, directories are ignored and only those files that refer to
files will be added to the archive. When R is used, any directories specified
with files will be scanned (recursively) to find files to be added to the
archive. Any file whose name begins with a dot will not be added.
NINDENT NINDENT [u]
NDENT 0.0 NDENT 3.5 When replacing existing files in the archive, only replace those files that have
a time stamp than the time stamp of the member in the archive.
NINDENT NINDENT Modifiers (generic)
The modifiers below may be applied to any operation.
[c]
NDENT 0.0 NDENT 3.5 For all operations, llvm-ar will always create the archive if it doesn\(aqt
exist. Normally, llvm-ar will print a warning message indicating that the
archive is being created. Using this modifier turns off that warning.
NINDENT NINDENT [s]
NDENT 0.0 NDENT 3.5 This modifier requests that an archive index (or symbol table) be added to the
archive. This is the default mode of operation. The symbol table will contain
all the externally visible functions and global variables defined by all the
bitcode files in the archive. Using this modifier is more efficient that using
llvm-ranlib|llvm-ranlib which also creates the symbol table.
NINDENT NINDENT [S]
NDENT 0.0 NDENT 3.5 This modifier is the opposite of the s modifier. It instructs llvm-ar to
not build the symbol table. If both s and S are used, the last modifier to
occur in the options will prevail.
NINDENT NINDENT [v]
NDENT 0.0 NDENT 3.5 This modifier instructs llvm-ar to be verbose about what it is doing. Each
editing operation taken against the archive will produce a line of output saying
what is being done.
NINDENT NINDENT STANDARDS
The llvm-ar utility is intended to provide a superset of the IEEE Std 1003.2
(POSIX.2) functionality for ar. llvm-ar can read both SVR4 and BSD4.4 (or
Mac OS X) archives. If the f modifier is given to the x or r operations
then llvm-ar will write SVR4 compatible archives. Without this modifier,
llvm-ar will write BSD4.4 compatible archives that have long names
immediately after the header and indicated using the "#1/ddd" notation for the
name in the header.
FILE FORMAT
The file format for LLVM Archive files is similar to that of BSD 4.4 or Mac OSX
archive files. In fact, except for the symbol table, the ar commands on those
operating systems should be able to read LLVM archive files. The details of the
file format follow.
Each archive begins with the archive magic number which is the eight printable
characters "!<arch>n" where n represents the newline character (0x0A).
Following the magic number, the file is composed of even length members that
begin with an archive header and end with a n padding character if necessary
(to make the length even). Each file member is composed of a header (defined
below), an optional newline-terminated "long file name" and the contents of
the file.
The fields of the header are described in the items below. All fields of the
header contain only ASCII characters, are left justified and are right padded
with space characters.
name - char[16]
NDENT 0.0 NDENT 3.5 This field of the header provides the name of the archive member. If the name is
longer than 15 characters or contains a slash (/) character, then this field
contains #1/nnn where nnn provides the length of the name and the #1/
is literal. In this case, the actual name of the file is provided in the nnn
bytes immediately following the header. If the name is 15 characters or less, it
is contained directly in this field and terminated with a slash (/) character.
NINDENT NINDENT date - char[12]
NDENT 0.0 NDENT 3.5 This field provides the date of modification of the file in the form of a
decimal encoded number that provides the number of seconds since the epoch
(since 00:00:00 Jan 1, 1970) per Posix specifications.
NINDENT NINDENT uid - char[6]
NDENT 0.0 NDENT 3.5 This field provides the user id of the file encoded as a decimal ASCII string.
This field might not make much sense on non-Unix systems. On Unix, it is the
same value as the st_uid field of the stat structure returned by the stat(2)
operating system call.
NINDENT NINDENT gid - char[6]
NDENT 0.0 NDENT 3.5 This field provides the group id of the file encoded as a decimal ASCII string.
This field might not make much sense on non-Unix systems. On Unix, it is the
same value as the st_gid field of the stat structure returned by the stat(2)
operating system call.
NINDENT NINDENT mode - char[8]
NDENT 0.0 NDENT 3.5 This field provides the access mode of the file encoded as an octal ASCII
string. This field might not make much sense on non-Unix systems. On Unix, it
is the same value as the st_mode field of the stat structure returned by the
stat(2) operating system call.
NINDENT NINDENT size - char[10]
NDENT 0.0 NDENT 3.5 This field provides the size of the file, in bytes, encoded as a decimal ASCII
string.
NINDENT NINDENT fmag - char[2]
NDENT 0.0 NDENT 3.5 This field is the archive file member magic number. Its content is always the
two characters back tick (0x60) and newline (0x0A). This provides some measure
utility in identifying archive files that have been corrupted.
NINDENT NINDENT The LLVM symbol table has the special name "#_LLVM_SYM_TAB_#". It is presumed
that no regular archive member file will want this name. The LLVM symbol table
is simply composed of a sequence of triplets: byte offset, length of symbol,
and the symbol itself. Symbols are not null or newline terminated. Here are
the details on each of these items:
offset - vbr encoded 32-bit integer
NDENT 0.0 NDENT 3.5 The offset item provides the offset into the archive file where the bitcode
member is stored that is associated with the symbol. The offset value is 0
based at the start of the first "normal" file member. To derive the actual
file offset of the member, you must add the number of bytes occupied by the file
signature (8 bytes) and the symbol tables. The value of this item is encoded
using variable bit rate encoding to reduce the size of the symbol table.
Variable bit rate encoding uses the high bit (0x80) of each byte to indicate
if there are more bytes to follow. The remaining 7 bits in each byte carry bits
from the value. The final byte does not have the high bit set.
NINDENT NINDENT length - vbr encoded 32-bit integer
NDENT 0.0 NDENT 3.5 The length item provides the length of the symbol that follows. Like this
offset item, the length is variable bit rate encoded.
NINDENT NINDENT symbol - character array
NDENT 0.0 NDENT 3.5 The symbol item provides the text of the symbol that is associated with the
offset. The symbol is not terminated by any character. Its length is provided
by the length field. Note that is allowed (but unwise) to use non-printing
characters (even 0x00) in the symbol. This allows for multiple encodings of
symbol names.
NINDENT NINDENT EXIT STATUS
If llvm-ar succeeds, it will exit with 0. A usage error, results
in an exit code of 1. A hard (file system typically) error results in an
exit code of 2. Miscellaneous or unknown errors result in an
exit code of 3.
SEE ALSO
llvm-ranlib|llvm-ranlib, ar(1)
AUTHOR
Maintained by The LLVM Team (http://llvm.org/).
COPYRIGHT
2012, LLVM Project
Generated by docutils manpage writer..