1.\" Copyright (c) 1988, 1990, 1993 2.\" The Regents of the University of California. All rights reserved. 3.\" 4.\" Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without 5.\" modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions 6.\" are met: 7.\" 1. Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright 8.\" notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer. 9.\" 2. Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above copyright 10.\" notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer in the 11.\" documentation and/or other materials provided with the distribution. 12.\" 3. All advertising materials mentioning features or use of this software 13.\" must display the following acknowledgement: 14.\" This product includes software developed by the University of 15.\" California, Berkeley and its contributors. 16.\" 4. Neither the name of the University nor the names of its contributors 17.\" may be used to endorse or promote products derived from this software 18.\" without specific prior written permission. 19.\" 20.\" THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE REGENTS AND CONTRIBUTORS ``AS IS'' AND 21.\" ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, THE 22.\" IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE 23.\" ARE DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE REGENTS OR CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE 24.\" FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL, SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL 25.\" DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS 26.\" OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE, DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION) 27.\" HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT 28.\" LIABILITY, OR TORT (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY 29.\" OUT OF THE USE OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF 30.\" SUCH DAMAGE. 31.\" 32.\" @(#)chpass.1 8.2 (Berkeley) 12/30/93 33.\" 34.Dd December 30, 1993 35.Dt CHPASS 1 36.Os 37.Sh NAME 38.Nm chpass 39.Nd add or change user database information 40.Sh SYNOPSIS 41chpass 42.Op Fl a Ar list 43.Op Fl s Ar newshell 44.Op user 45.Sh DESCRIPTION 46.Nm Chpass 47allows editing of the user database information associated 48with 49.Ar user 50or, by default, the current user. 51The information is formatted and supplied to an editor for changes. 52.Pp 53Only the information that the user is allowed to change is displayed. 54.Pp 55The options are as follows: 56.Bl -tag -width Ds 57.It Fl a 58The super-user is allowed to directly supply a user database 59entry, in the format specified by 60.Xr passwd 5 , 61as an argument. 62This argument must be a colon (``:'') separated list of all the 63user database fields, although they may be empty. 64.It Fl s 65The 66.Fl s 67option attempts to change the user's shell to 68.Ar newshell . 69.El 70.Pp 71Possible display items are as follows: 72.Pp 73.Bl -tag -width "Home Directory:" -compact -offset indent 74.It Login: 75user's login name 76.It Password: 77user's encrypted password 78.It Uid: 79user's login 80.It Gid: 81user's login group 82.It Change: 83password change time 84.It Expire: 85account expiration time 86.It Class: 87user's general classification 88.It Home Directory: 89user's home directory 90.It Shell: 91user's login shell 92.It Full Name: 93user's real name 94.It Location: 95user's normal location 96.It Home Phone: 97user's home phone 98.It Office Phone: 99user's office phone 100.El 101.Pp 102The 103.Ar login 104field is the user name used to access the computer account. 105.Pp 106The 107.Ar password 108field contains the encrypted form of the user's password. 109.Pp 110The 111.Ar uid 112field is the number associated with the 113.Ar login 114field. 115Both of these fields should be unique across the system (and often 116across a group of systems) as they control file access. 117.Pp 118While it is possible to have multiple entries with identical login names 119and/or identical user id's, it is usually a mistake to do so. Routines 120that manipulate these files will often return only one of the multiple 121entries, and that one by random selection. 122.Pp 123The 124.Ar group 125field is the group that the user will be placed in at login. 126Since BSD supports multiple groups (see 127.Xr groups 1 ) 128this field currently has little special meaning. 129This field may be filled in with either a number or a group name (see 130.Xr group 5 ) . 131.Pp 132The 133.Ar change 134field is the date by which the password must be changed. 135.Pp 136The 137.Ar expire 138field is the date on which the account expires. 139.Pp 140Both the 141.Ar change 142and 143.Ar expire 144fields should be entered in the form ``month day year'' where 145.Ar month 146is the month name (the first three characters are sufficient), 147.Ar day 148is the day of the month, and 149.Ar year 150is the year. 151.Pp 152The 153.Ar class 154field is currently unused. In the near future it will be a key to 155a 156.Xr termcap 5 157style database of user attributes. 158.Pp 159The user's 160.Ar home directory 161is the full UNIX path name where the user 162will be placed at login. 163.Pp 164The 165.Ar shell 166field is the command interpreter the user prefers. 167If the 168.Ar shell 169field is empty, the Bourne shell, 170.Pa /bin/sh , 171is assumed. 172When altering a login shell, and not the super-user, the user 173may not change from a non-standard shell or to a non-standard 174shell. 175Non-standard is defined as a shell not found in 176.Pa /etc/shells . 177.Pp 178The last four fields are for storing the user's 179.Ar full name , office location , 180and 181.Ar home 182and 183.Ar work telephone 184numbers. 185.Pp 186Once the information has been verified, 187.Nm chpass 188uses 189.Xr pwd_mkdb 8 190to update the user database. 191.Sh ENVIRONMENT 192The 193.Xr vi 1 194editor will be used unless the environment variable EDITOR is set to 195an alternate editor. 196When the editor terminates, the information is re-read and used to 197update the user database itself. 198Only the user, or the super-user, may edit the information associated 199with the user. 200.Sh FILES 201.Bl -tag -width /etc/master.passwd -compact 202.It Pa /etc/master.passwd 203The user database 204.It Pa /etc/passwd 205A Version 7 format password file 206.It Pa /etc/chpass.XXXXXX 207Temporary copy of the password file 208.It Pa /etc/shells 209The list of approved shells 210.El 211.Sh SEE ALSO 212.Xr login 1 , 213.Xr finger 1 , 214.Xr passwd 1 , 215.Xr getusershell 3 , 216.Xr passwd 5 , 217.Xr pwd_mkdb 8 , 218.Xr vipw 8 219.Rs 220.%A Robert Morris 221and 222.%A Ken Thompson 223.%T "UNIX Password security" 224.Re 225.Sh BUGS 226User information should (and eventually will) be stored elsewhere. 227.Sh HISTORY 228The 229.Nm 230command appeared in 231.Bx 4.3 Reno . 232