1.\" Copyright (c) 1980, 1990, 1993 2.\" The Regents of the University of California. All rights reserved. 3.\" 4.\" Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without 5.\" modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions 6.\" are met: 7.\" 1. Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright 8.\" notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer. 9.\" 2. Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above copyright 10.\" notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer in the 11.\" documentation and/or other materials provided with the distribution. 12.\" 3. Neither the name of the University nor the names of its contributors 13.\" may be used to endorse or promote products derived from this software 14.\" without specific prior written permission. 15.\" 16.\" THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE REGENTS AND CONTRIBUTORS ``AS IS'' AND 17.\" ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, THE 18.\" IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE 19.\" ARE DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE REGENTS OR CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE 20.\" FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL, SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL 21.\" DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS 22.\" OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE, DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION) 23.\" HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT 24.\" LIABILITY, OR TORT (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY 25.\" OUT OF THE USE OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF 26.\" SUCH DAMAGE. 27.\" 28.Dd January 23, 2024 29.Dt BINTRANS 1 30.Os 31.Sh NAME 32.Nm bintrans , 33.Nm uuencode , 34.Nm uudecode , 35.Nm b64encode , 36.Nm b64decode , 37.Nm base64 38.Nd encode / decode a binary file 39.Sh SYNOPSIS 40.Nm 41.Op algorithm 42.Op ... 43.Nm uuencode 44.Op Fl m 45.Op Fl r 46.Op Fl o Ar output_file 47.Op Ar file 48.Ar name 49.Nm uudecode 50.Op Fl cimprs 51.Op Ar 52.Nm uudecode 53.Op Fl i 54.Fl o Ar output_file 55.Nm b64encode 56.Op Fl r 57.Op Fl w Ar column 58.Op Fl o Ar output_file 59.Op Ar file 60.Ar name 61.Nm b64decode 62.Op Fl cimprs 63.Op Ar 64.Nm b64decode 65.Op Fl i 66.Fl o Ar output_file 67.Op Ar file 68.Nm base64 69.Op Fl d 70.Op Fl w Ar column 71.Op Ar file 72.Sh DESCRIPTION 73The 74.Nm uuencode 75and 76.Nm uudecode 77utilities are used to transmit binary files over transmission mediums 78that do not support other than simple 79.Tn ASCII 80data. 81The 82.Nm b64encode 83utility is synonymous with 84.Nm uuencode 85with the 86.Fl m 87flag specified. 88The 89.Nm b64decode 90utility is synonymous with 91.Nm uudecode 92with the 93.Fl m 94flag specified. 95.Pp 96The 97.Nm base64 98utility acts as a base64 decoder when passed the 99.Fl -decode 100.Po or 101.Fl d 102.Pc 103flag and as a base64 encoder otherwise. 104As a decoder it only accepts raw base64 input 105and as an encoder it does not produce the framing lines. 106.Nm base64 107reads standard input or 108.Ar file 109if it is provided and writes to standard output. 110Options 111.Fl -wrap 112.Po or 113.Fl w 114.Pc 115and 116.Fl -ignore-garbage 117.Po or 118.Fl i 119.Pc 120are accepted for compatibility with GNU base64, 121but the latter is unimplemented and silently ignored. 122.Pp 123The 124.Nm uuencode 125utility reads 126.Ar file 127(or by default the standard input) and writes an encoded version 128to the standard output, or 129.Ar output_file 130if one has been specified. 131The encoding uses only printing 132.Tn ASCII 133characters and includes the 134mode of the file and the operand 135.Ar name 136for use by 137.Nm uudecode . 138.Pp 139The 140.Nm uudecode 141utility transforms 142.Em uuencoded 143files (or by default, the standard input) into the original form. 144The resulting file is named either 145.Ar name 146or (depending on options passed to 147.Nm uudecode ) 148.Ar output_file 149and will have the mode of the original file except that setuid 150and execute bits are not retained. 151The 152.Nm uudecode 153utility ignores any leading and trailing lines. 154.Pp 155The following options are available for 156.Nm uuencode : 157.Bl -tag -width ident 158.It Fl m 159Use the Base64 method of encoding, rather than the traditional 160.Nm uuencode 161algorithm. 162.It Fl r 163Produce raw output by excluding the initial and final framing lines. 164.It Fl o Ar output_file 165Output to 166.Ar output_file 167instead of standard output. 168.El 169.Pp 170The following options are available for 171.Nm uudecode : 172.Bl -tag -width ident 173.It Fl c 174Decode more than one uuencoded file from 175.Ar file 176if possible. 177.It Fl i 178Do not overwrite files. 179.It Fl m 180When used with the 181.Fl r 182flag, decode Base64 input instead of traditional 183.Nm uuencode 184input. 185Without 186.Fl r 187it has no effect. 188.It Fl o Ar output_file 189Output to 190.Ar output_file 191instead of any pathname contained in the input data. 192.It Fl p 193Decode 194.Ar file 195and write output to standard output. 196.It Fl r 197Decode raw (or broken) input, which is missing the initial and 198possibly the final framing lines. 199The input is assumed to be in the traditional 200.Nm uuencode 201encoding, but if the 202.Fl m 203flag is used, or if the utility is invoked as 204.Nm b64decode , 205then the input is assumed to be in Base64 format. 206.It Fl s 207Do not strip output pathname to base filename. 208By default 209.Nm uudecode 210deletes any prefix ending with the last slash '/' for security 211reasons. 212.El 213.Pp 214Additionally, 215.Nm b64encode 216accepts the following option: 217.Bl -tag -width ident 218.It Fl w Ar column 219Wrap encoded output after 220.Ar column . 221.El 222.Pp 223.Nm 224is a generic utility that can run 225any of the aforementioned encoders and decoders. 226It can also run algorithms that are not available 227through a dedicated program: 228.Pp 229.Nm qp 230is a quoted-printable converter 231and accepts the following options: 232.Bl -tag -width ident 233.It Fl u 234Decode. 235.It Fl o Ar output_file 236Output to 237.Ar output_file 238instead of standard output. 239.Sh EXAMPLES 240The following example packages up a source tree, compresses it, 241uuencodes it and mails it to a user on another system. 242When 243.Nm uudecode 244is run on the target system, the file ``src_tree.tar.Z'' will be 245created which may then be uncompressed and extracted into the original 246tree. 247.Pp 248.Bd -literal -offset indent -compact 249tar cf \- src_tree \&| compress \&| 250uuencode src_tree.tar.Z \&| mail user@example.com 251.Ed 252.Pp 253The following example unpacks all uuencoded 254files from your mailbox into your current working directory. 255.Pp 256.Bd -literal -offset indent -compact 257uudecode -c < $MAIL 258.Ed 259.Pp 260The following example extracts a compressed tar 261archive from your mailbox 262.Pp 263.Bd -literal -offset indent -compact 264uudecode -o /dev/stdout < $MAIL | zcat | tar xfv - 265.Ed 266.Sh SEE ALSO 267.Xr basename 1 , 268.Xr compress 1 , 269.Xr mail 1 , 270.Xr uucp 1 Pq Pa ports/net/freebsd-uucp , 271.Xr uuencode 5 272.Sh HISTORY 273The 274.Nm uudecode 275and 276.Nm uuencode 277utilities appeared in 278.Bx 4.0 . 279.Sh BUGS 280Files encoded using the traditional algorithm are expanded by 35% (3 281bytes become 4 plus control information). 282