1.\" Copyright (c) 1983, 1990, 1993 2.\" The Regents of the University of California. All rights reserved. 3.\" 4.\" Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without 5.\" modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions 6.\" are met: 7.\" 1. Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright 8.\" notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer. 9.\" 2. Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above copyright 10.\" notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer in the 11.\" documentation and/or other materials provided with the distribution. 12.\" 3. Neither the name of the University nor the names of its contributors 13.\" may be used to endorse or promote products derived from this software 14.\" without specific prior written permission. 15.\" 16.\" THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE REGENTS AND CONTRIBUTORS ``AS IS'' AND 17.\" ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, THE 18.\" IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE 19.\" ARE DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE REGENTS OR CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE 20.\" FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL, SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL 21.\" DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS 22.\" OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE, DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION) 23.\" HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT 24.\" LIABILITY, OR TORT (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY 25.\" OUT OF THE USE OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF 26.\" SUCH DAMAGE. 27.\" 28.\" @(#)apply.1 8.2 (Berkeley) 4/4/94 29.\" 30.Dd January 28, 2022 31.Dt APPLY 1 32.Os 33.Sh NAME 34.Nm apply 35.Nd apply a command to a set of arguments 36.Sh SYNOPSIS 37.Nm 38.Op Fl a Ar c 39.Op Fl d 40.Op Cm - Ns Ar # 41.Ar command argument ... 42.Sh DESCRIPTION 43The 44.Nm 45utility runs the named 46.Ar command 47on each 48argument 49.Ar argument 50in turn. 51.Pp 52Character sequences of the form 53.Dq Li \&%d 54in 55.Ar command , 56where 57.Sq Li d 58is a digit from 1 to 9, are replaced by the 59.Li d Ns \'th 60following unused 61.Ar argument . 62In this case, the largest digit number of arguments are discarded for 63each execution of 64.Ar command . 65.Pp 66The options are as follows: 67.Bl -tag -width indent 68.It Cm - Ns Ar # 69Normally arguments are taken singly; the optional number 70.Ar # 71specifies the number of arguments to be passed to 72.Ar command . 73If the number is zero, 74.Ar command 75is run, without arguments, once for each 76.Ar argument . 77.Pp 78If any sequences of 79.Dq Li \&%d 80occur in 81.Ar command , 82the 83.Fl # 84option is ignored. 85.It Fl a Ar c 86The use of the character 87.Sq Li % 88as a magic character may be changed with the 89.Fl a 90option. 91.It Fl d 92Display the commands that would have been executed, but do not actually 93execute them. 94.El 95.Sh ENVIRONMENT 96The following environment variable affects the execution of 97.Nm : 98.Bl -tag -width SHELL 99.It Ev SHELL 100Pathname of shell to use. 101If this variable is not defined, the Bourne shell is used. 102.El 103.Sh FILES 104.Bl -tag -width /bin/sh -compact 105.It Pa /bin/sh 106default shell 107.El 108.Sh EXAMPLES 109.Bl -tag -width apply -compact 110.It Li "apply echo *" 111is similar to 112.Xr ls 1 ; 113.It Li "apply \-2 cmp a1 b1 a2 b2 a3 b3" 114compares the `a' files to the `b' files; 115.It Li "apply \-0 who 1 2 3 4 5" 116runs 117.Xr who 1 1185 times; and 119.It Li "apply \'ln %1 /usr/joe\'" * 120links all files in the current directory to the directory 121.Pa /usr/joe . 122.El 123.Sh HISTORY 124The 125.Nm 126command appeared in 127.Bx 4.2 . 128.Sh AUTHORS 129.An Rob Pike 130.Sh BUGS 131Shell metacharacters in 132.Ar command 133may have bizarre effects; it is best to enclose complicated 134commands in single quotes 135.Pq '' . 136.Pp 137The 138.Nm 139utility does not recognize multibyte characters. 140