xref: /freebsd/sys/x86/x86/tsc.c (revision c2bce4a2fcf3083607e00a1734b47c249751c8a8)
1 /*-
2  * Copyright (c) 1998-2003 Poul-Henning Kamp
3  * All rights reserved.
4  *
5  * Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
6  * modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions
7  * are met:
8  * 1. Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright
9  *    notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
10  * 2. Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above copyright
11  *    notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer in the
12  *    documentation and/or other materials provided with the distribution.
13  *
14  * THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE AUTHOR AND CONTRIBUTORS ``AS IS'' AND
15  * ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, THE
16  * IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE
17  * ARE DISCLAIMED.  IN NO EVENT SHALL THE AUTHOR OR CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE
18  * FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL, SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL
19  * DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS
20  * OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE, DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION)
21  * HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT
22  * LIABILITY, OR TORT (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY
23  * OUT OF THE USE OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF
24  * SUCH DAMAGE.
25  */
26 
27 #include <sys/cdefs.h>
28 __FBSDID("$FreeBSD$");
29 
30 #include "opt_clock.h"
31 
32 #include <sys/param.h>
33 #include <sys/bus.h>
34 #include <sys/cpu.h>
35 #include <sys/malloc.h>
36 #include <sys/systm.h>
37 #include <sys/sysctl.h>
38 #include <sys/time.h>
39 #include <sys/timetc.h>
40 #include <sys/kernel.h>
41 #include <sys/power.h>
42 #include <sys/smp.h>
43 #include <machine/clock.h>
44 #include <machine/cputypes.h>
45 #include <machine/md_var.h>
46 #include <machine/specialreg.h>
47 
48 #include "cpufreq_if.h"
49 
50 uint64_t	tsc_freq;
51 int		tsc_is_invariant;
52 int		tsc_perf_stat;
53 
54 static eventhandler_tag tsc_levels_tag, tsc_pre_tag, tsc_post_tag;
55 
56 SYSCTL_INT(_kern_timecounter, OID_AUTO, invariant_tsc, CTLFLAG_RDTUN,
57     &tsc_is_invariant, 0, "Indicates whether the TSC is P-state invariant");
58 TUNABLE_INT("kern.timecounter.invariant_tsc", &tsc_is_invariant);
59 
60 #ifdef SMP
61 static int	smp_tsc;
62 SYSCTL_INT(_kern_timecounter, OID_AUTO, smp_tsc, CTLFLAG_RDTUN, &smp_tsc, 0,
63     "Indicates whether the TSC is safe to use in SMP mode");
64 TUNABLE_INT("kern.timecounter.smp_tsc", &smp_tsc);
65 #endif
66 
67 static int	tsc_disabled;
68 SYSCTL_INT(_machdep, OID_AUTO, disable_tsc, CTLFLAG_RDTUN, &tsc_disabled, 0,
69     "Disable x86 Time Stamp Counter");
70 TUNABLE_INT("machdep.disable_tsc", &tsc_disabled);
71 
72 static int	tsc_skip_calibration;
73 SYSCTL_INT(_machdep, OID_AUTO, disable_tsc_calibration, CTLFLAG_RDTUN,
74     &tsc_skip_calibration, 0, "Disable TSC frequency calibration");
75 TUNABLE_INT("machdep.disable_tsc_calibration", &tsc_skip_calibration);
76 
77 static void tsc_freq_changed(void *arg, const struct cf_level *level,
78     int status);
79 static void tsc_freq_changing(void *arg, const struct cf_level *level,
80     int *status);
81 static	unsigned tsc_get_timecount(struct timecounter *tc);
82 static void tsc_levels_changed(void *arg, int unit);
83 
84 static struct timecounter tsc_timecounter = {
85 	tsc_get_timecount,	/* get_timecount */
86 	0,			/* no poll_pps */
87 	~0u,			/* counter_mask */
88 	0,			/* frequency */
89 	"TSC",			/* name */
90 	800,			/* quality (adjusted in code) */
91 };
92 
93 static void
94 tsc_freq_intel(void)
95 {
96 	char brand[48];
97 	u_int regs[4];
98 	uint64_t freq;
99 	char *p;
100 	u_int i;
101 
102 	/*
103 	 * Intel Processor Identification and the CPUID Instruction
104 	 * Application Note 485.
105 	 *
106 	 * http://www.intel.com/assets/pdf/appnote/241618.pdf
107 	 */
108 	if (cpu_exthigh >= 0x80000004) {
109 		p = brand;
110 		for (i = 0x80000002; i < 0x80000005; i++) {
111 			do_cpuid(i, regs);
112 			memcpy(p, regs, sizeof(regs));
113 			p += sizeof(regs);
114 		}
115 		p = NULL;
116 		for (i = 0; i < sizeof(brand) - 1; i++)
117 			if (brand[i] == 'H' && brand[i + 1] == 'z')
118 				p = brand + i;
119 		if (p != NULL) {
120 			p -= 5;
121 			switch (p[4]) {
122 			case 'M':
123 				i = 1;
124 				break;
125 			case 'G':
126 				i = 1000;
127 				break;
128 			case 'T':
129 				i = 1000000;
130 				break;
131 			default:
132 				return;
133 			}
134 #define	C2D(c)	((c) - '0')
135 			if (p[1] == '.') {
136 				freq = C2D(p[0]) * 1000;
137 				freq += C2D(p[2]) * 100;
138 				freq += C2D(p[3]) * 10;
139 				freq *= i * 1000;
140 			} else {
141 				freq = C2D(p[0]) * 1000;
142 				freq += C2D(p[1]) * 100;
143 				freq += C2D(p[2]) * 10;
144 				freq += C2D(p[3]);
145 				freq *= i * 1000000;
146 			}
147 #undef C2D
148 			tsc_freq = freq;
149 		}
150 	}
151 }
152 
153 static void
154 probe_tsc_freq(void)
155 {
156 	u_int regs[4];
157 	uint64_t tsc1, tsc2;
158 
159 	switch (cpu_vendor_id) {
160 	case CPU_VENDOR_AMD:
161 		if ((amd_pminfo & AMDPM_TSC_INVARIANT) != 0 ||
162 		    (vm_guest == VM_GUEST_NO &&
163 		    CPUID_TO_FAMILY(cpu_id) >= 0x10))
164 			tsc_is_invariant = 1;
165 		break;
166 	case CPU_VENDOR_INTEL:
167 		if ((amd_pminfo & AMDPM_TSC_INVARIANT) != 0 ||
168 		    (vm_guest == VM_GUEST_NO &&
169 		    ((CPUID_TO_FAMILY(cpu_id) == 0x6 &&
170 		    CPUID_TO_MODEL(cpu_id) >= 0xe) ||
171 		    (CPUID_TO_FAMILY(cpu_id) == 0xf &&
172 		    CPUID_TO_MODEL(cpu_id) >= 0x3))))
173 			tsc_is_invariant = 1;
174 		break;
175 	case CPU_VENDOR_CENTAUR:
176 		if (vm_guest == VM_GUEST_NO &&
177 		    CPUID_TO_FAMILY(cpu_id) == 0x6 &&
178 		    CPUID_TO_MODEL(cpu_id) >= 0xf &&
179 		    (rdmsr(0x1203) & 0x100000000ULL) == 0)
180 			tsc_is_invariant = 1;
181 		break;
182 	}
183 
184 	if (cpu_high >= 6) {
185 		do_cpuid(6, regs);
186 		if ((regs[2] & CPUID_PERF_STAT) != 0) {
187 			/*
188 			 * XXX Some emulators expose host CPUID without actual
189 			 * support for these MSRs.  We must test whether they
190 			 * really work.
191 			 */
192 			wrmsr(MSR_MPERF, 0);
193 			wrmsr(MSR_APERF, 0);
194 			DELAY(10);
195 			if (rdmsr(MSR_MPERF) > 0 && rdmsr(MSR_APERF) > 0)
196 				tsc_perf_stat = 1;
197 		}
198 	}
199 
200 	if (tsc_skip_calibration) {
201 		if (cpu_vendor_id == CPU_VENDOR_INTEL)
202 			tsc_freq_intel();
203 		return;
204 	}
205 
206 	if (bootverbose)
207 	        printf("Calibrating TSC clock ... ");
208 	tsc1 = rdtsc();
209 	DELAY(1000000);
210 	tsc2 = rdtsc();
211 	tsc_freq = tsc2 - tsc1;
212 	if (bootverbose)
213 		printf("TSC clock: %ju Hz\n", (intmax_t)tsc_freq);
214 }
215 
216 void
217 init_TSC(void)
218 {
219 
220 	if ((cpu_feature & CPUID_TSC) == 0 || tsc_disabled)
221 		return;
222 
223 	probe_tsc_freq();
224 
225 	/*
226 	 * Inform CPU accounting about our boot-time clock rate.  This will
227 	 * be updated if someone loads a cpufreq driver after boot that
228 	 * discovers a new max frequency.
229 	 */
230 	if (tsc_freq != 0)
231 		set_cputicker(rdtsc, tsc_freq, 1);
232 
233 	if (tsc_is_invariant)
234 		return;
235 
236 	/* Register to find out about changes in CPU frequency. */
237 	tsc_pre_tag = EVENTHANDLER_REGISTER(cpufreq_pre_change,
238 	    tsc_freq_changing, NULL, EVENTHANDLER_PRI_FIRST);
239 	tsc_post_tag = EVENTHANDLER_REGISTER(cpufreq_post_change,
240 	    tsc_freq_changed, NULL, EVENTHANDLER_PRI_FIRST);
241 	tsc_levels_tag = EVENTHANDLER_REGISTER(cpufreq_levels_changed,
242 	    tsc_levels_changed, NULL, EVENTHANDLER_PRI_ANY);
243 }
244 
245 void
246 init_TSC_tc(void)
247 {
248 
249 	if ((cpu_feature & CPUID_TSC) == 0 || tsc_disabled)
250 		return;
251 
252 	/*
253 	 * We can not use the TSC if we support APM.  Precise timekeeping
254 	 * on an APM'ed machine is at best a fools pursuit, since
255 	 * any and all of the time spent in various SMM code can't
256 	 * be reliably accounted for.  Reading the RTC is your only
257 	 * source of reliable time info.  The i8254 loses too, of course,
258 	 * but we need to have some kind of time...
259 	 * We don't know at this point whether APM is going to be used
260 	 * or not, nor when it might be activated.  Play it safe.
261 	 */
262 	if (power_pm_get_type() == POWER_PM_TYPE_APM) {
263 		tsc_timecounter.tc_quality = -1000;
264 		if (bootverbose)
265 			printf("TSC timecounter disabled: APM enabled.\n");
266 	}
267 
268 #ifdef SMP
269 	/*
270 	 * We can not use the TSC in SMP mode unless the TSCs on all CPUs
271 	 * are somehow synchronized.  Some hardware configurations do
272 	 * this, but we have no way of determining whether this is the
273 	 * case, so we do not use the TSC in multi-processor systems
274 	 * unless the user indicated (by setting kern.timecounter.smp_tsc
275 	 * to 1) that he believes that his TSCs are synchronized.
276 	 */
277 	if (mp_ncpus > 1 && !smp_tsc)
278 		tsc_timecounter.tc_quality = -100;
279 #endif
280 
281 	if (tsc_freq != 0) {
282 		tsc_timecounter.tc_frequency = tsc_freq;
283 		tc_init(&tsc_timecounter);
284 	}
285 }
286 
287 /*
288  * When cpufreq levels change, find out about the (new) max frequency.  We
289  * use this to update CPU accounting in case it got a lower estimate at boot.
290  */
291 static void
292 tsc_levels_changed(void *arg, int unit)
293 {
294 	device_t cf_dev;
295 	struct cf_level *levels;
296 	int count, error;
297 	uint64_t max_freq;
298 
299 	/* Only use values from the first CPU, assuming all are equal. */
300 	if (unit != 0)
301 		return;
302 
303 	/* Find the appropriate cpufreq device instance. */
304 	cf_dev = devclass_get_device(devclass_find("cpufreq"), unit);
305 	if (cf_dev == NULL) {
306 		printf("tsc_levels_changed() called but no cpufreq device?\n");
307 		return;
308 	}
309 
310 	/* Get settings from the device and find the max frequency. */
311 	count = 64;
312 	levels = malloc(count * sizeof(*levels), M_TEMP, M_NOWAIT);
313 	if (levels == NULL)
314 		return;
315 	error = CPUFREQ_LEVELS(cf_dev, levels, &count);
316 	if (error == 0 && count != 0) {
317 		max_freq = (uint64_t)levels[0].total_set.freq * 1000000;
318 		set_cputicker(rdtsc, max_freq, 1);
319 	} else
320 		printf("tsc_levels_changed: no max freq found\n");
321 	free(levels, M_TEMP);
322 }
323 
324 /*
325  * If the TSC timecounter is in use, veto the pending change.  It may be
326  * possible in the future to handle a dynamically-changing timecounter rate.
327  */
328 static void
329 tsc_freq_changing(void *arg, const struct cf_level *level, int *status)
330 {
331 
332 	if (*status != 0 || timecounter != &tsc_timecounter)
333 		return;
334 
335 	printf("timecounter TSC must not be in use when "
336 	    "changing frequencies; change denied\n");
337 	*status = EBUSY;
338 }
339 
340 /* Update TSC freq with the value indicated by the caller. */
341 static void
342 tsc_freq_changed(void *arg, const struct cf_level *level, int status)
343 {
344 	uint64_t freq;
345 
346 	/* If there was an error during the transition, don't do anything. */
347 	if (tsc_disabled || status != 0)
348 		return;
349 
350 	/* Total setting for this level gives the new frequency in MHz. */
351 	freq = (uint64_t)level->total_set.freq * 1000000;
352 	atomic_store_rel_64(&tsc_freq, freq);
353 	atomic_store_rel_64(&tsc_timecounter.tc_frequency, freq);
354 }
355 
356 static int
357 sysctl_machdep_tsc_freq(SYSCTL_HANDLER_ARGS)
358 {
359 	int error;
360 	uint64_t freq;
361 
362 	freq = atomic_load_acq_64(&tsc_freq);
363 	if (freq == 0)
364 		return (EOPNOTSUPP);
365 	error = sysctl_handle_64(oidp, &freq, 0, req);
366 	if (error == 0 && req->newptr != NULL) {
367 		atomic_store_rel_64(&tsc_freq, freq);
368 		atomic_store_rel_64(&tsc_timecounter.tc_frequency, freq);
369 	}
370 	return (error);
371 }
372 
373 SYSCTL_PROC(_machdep, OID_AUTO, tsc_freq, CTLTYPE_U64 | CTLFLAG_RW,
374     0, 0, sysctl_machdep_tsc_freq, "QU", "Time Stamp Counter frequency");
375 
376 static u_int
377 tsc_get_timecount(struct timecounter *tc)
378 {
379 
380 	return (rdtsc32());
381 }
382