xref: /freebsd/sys/x86/x86/tsc.c (revision 38f0b757fd84d17d0fc24739a7cda160c4516d81)
1 /*-
2  * Copyright (c) 1998-2003 Poul-Henning Kamp
3  * All rights reserved.
4  *
5  * Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
6  * modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions
7  * are met:
8  * 1. Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright
9  *    notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
10  * 2. Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above copyright
11  *    notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer in the
12  *    documentation and/or other materials provided with the distribution.
13  *
14  * THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE AUTHOR AND CONTRIBUTORS ``AS IS'' AND
15  * ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, THE
16  * IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE
17  * ARE DISCLAIMED.  IN NO EVENT SHALL THE AUTHOR OR CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE
18  * FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL, SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL
19  * DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS
20  * OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE, DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION)
21  * HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT
22  * LIABILITY, OR TORT (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY
23  * OUT OF THE USE OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF
24  * SUCH DAMAGE.
25  */
26 
27 #include <sys/cdefs.h>
28 __FBSDID("$FreeBSD$");
29 
30 #include "opt_compat.h"
31 #include "opt_clock.h"
32 
33 #include <sys/param.h>
34 #include <sys/bus.h>
35 #include <sys/cpu.h>
36 #include <sys/limits.h>
37 #include <sys/malloc.h>
38 #include <sys/systm.h>
39 #include <sys/sysctl.h>
40 #include <sys/time.h>
41 #include <sys/timetc.h>
42 #include <sys/kernel.h>
43 #include <sys/power.h>
44 #include <sys/smp.h>
45 #include <sys/vdso.h>
46 #include <machine/clock.h>
47 #include <machine/cputypes.h>
48 #include <machine/md_var.h>
49 #include <machine/specialreg.h>
50 
51 #include "cpufreq_if.h"
52 
53 uint64_t	tsc_freq;
54 int		tsc_is_invariant;
55 int		tsc_perf_stat;
56 
57 static eventhandler_tag tsc_levels_tag, tsc_pre_tag, tsc_post_tag;
58 
59 SYSCTL_INT(_kern_timecounter, OID_AUTO, invariant_tsc, CTLFLAG_RDTUN,
60     &tsc_is_invariant, 0, "Indicates whether the TSC is P-state invariant");
61 TUNABLE_INT("kern.timecounter.invariant_tsc", &tsc_is_invariant);
62 
63 #ifdef SMP
64 int	smp_tsc;
65 SYSCTL_INT(_kern_timecounter, OID_AUTO, smp_tsc, CTLFLAG_RDTUN, &smp_tsc, 0,
66     "Indicates whether the TSC is safe to use in SMP mode");
67 TUNABLE_INT("kern.timecounter.smp_tsc", &smp_tsc);
68 
69 int	smp_tsc_adjust = 0;
70 SYSCTL_INT(_kern_timecounter, OID_AUTO, smp_tsc_adjust, CTLFLAG_RDTUN,
71     &smp_tsc_adjust, 0, "Try to adjust TSC on APs to match BSP");
72 TUNABLE_INT("kern.timecounter.smp_tsc_adjust", &smp_tsc_adjust);
73 #endif
74 
75 static int	tsc_shift = 1;
76 SYSCTL_INT(_kern_timecounter, OID_AUTO, tsc_shift, CTLFLAG_RDTUN,
77     &tsc_shift, 0, "Shift to pre-apply for the maximum TSC frequency");
78 TUNABLE_INT("kern.timecounter.tsc_shift", &tsc_shift);
79 
80 static int	tsc_disabled;
81 SYSCTL_INT(_machdep, OID_AUTO, disable_tsc, CTLFLAG_RDTUN, &tsc_disabled, 0,
82     "Disable x86 Time Stamp Counter");
83 TUNABLE_INT("machdep.disable_tsc", &tsc_disabled);
84 
85 static int	tsc_skip_calibration;
86 SYSCTL_INT(_machdep, OID_AUTO, disable_tsc_calibration, CTLFLAG_RDTUN,
87     &tsc_skip_calibration, 0, "Disable TSC frequency calibration");
88 TUNABLE_INT("machdep.disable_tsc_calibration", &tsc_skip_calibration);
89 
90 static void tsc_freq_changed(void *arg, const struct cf_level *level,
91     int status);
92 static void tsc_freq_changing(void *arg, const struct cf_level *level,
93     int *status);
94 static unsigned tsc_get_timecount(struct timecounter *tc);
95 static inline unsigned tsc_get_timecount_low(struct timecounter *tc);
96 static unsigned tsc_get_timecount_lfence(struct timecounter *tc);
97 static unsigned tsc_get_timecount_low_lfence(struct timecounter *tc);
98 static unsigned tsc_get_timecount_mfence(struct timecounter *tc);
99 static unsigned tsc_get_timecount_low_mfence(struct timecounter *tc);
100 static void tsc_levels_changed(void *arg, int unit);
101 
102 static struct timecounter tsc_timecounter = {
103 	tsc_get_timecount,	/* get_timecount */
104 	0,			/* no poll_pps */
105 	~0u,			/* counter_mask */
106 	0,			/* frequency */
107 	"TSC",			/* name */
108 	800,			/* quality (adjusted in code) */
109 };
110 
111 #define	VMW_HVMAGIC		0x564d5868
112 #define	VMW_HVPORT		0x5658
113 #define	VMW_HVCMD_GETVERSION	10
114 #define	VMW_HVCMD_GETHZ		45
115 
116 static __inline void
117 vmware_hvcall(u_int cmd, u_int *p)
118 {
119 
120 	__asm __volatile("inl %w3, %0"
121 	: "=a" (p[0]), "=b" (p[1]), "=c" (p[2]), "=d" (p[3])
122 	: "0" (VMW_HVMAGIC), "1" (UINT_MAX), "2" (cmd), "3" (VMW_HVPORT)
123 	: "memory");
124 }
125 
126 static int
127 tsc_freq_vmware(void)
128 {
129 	char hv_sig[13];
130 	u_int regs[4];
131 	char *p;
132 	u_int hv_high;
133 	int i;
134 
135 	/*
136 	 * [RFC] CPUID usage for interaction between Hypervisors and Linux.
137 	 * http://lkml.org/lkml/2008/10/1/246
138 	 *
139 	 * KB1009458: Mechanisms to determine if software is running in
140 	 * a VMware virtual machine
141 	 * http://kb.vmware.com/kb/1009458
142 	 */
143 	hv_high = 0;
144 	if ((cpu_feature2 & CPUID2_HV) != 0) {
145 		do_cpuid(0x40000000, regs);
146 		hv_high = regs[0];
147 		for (i = 1, p = hv_sig; i < 4; i++, p += sizeof(regs) / 4)
148 			memcpy(p, &regs[i], sizeof(regs[i]));
149 		*p = '\0';
150 		if (bootverbose) {
151 			/*
152 			 * HV vendor	ID string
153 			 * ------------+--------------
154 			 * KVM		"KVMKVMKVM"
155 			 * Microsoft	"Microsoft Hv"
156 			 * VMware	"VMwareVMware"
157 			 * Xen		"XenVMMXenVMM"
158 			 */
159 			printf("Hypervisor: Origin = \"%s\"\n", hv_sig);
160 		}
161 		if (strncmp(hv_sig, "VMwareVMware", 12) != 0)
162 			return (0);
163 	} else {
164 		p = getenv("smbios.system.serial");
165 		if (p == NULL)
166 			return (0);
167 		if (strncmp(p, "VMware-", 7) != 0 &&
168 		    strncmp(p, "VMW", 3) != 0) {
169 			freeenv(p);
170 			return (0);
171 		}
172 		freeenv(p);
173 		vmware_hvcall(VMW_HVCMD_GETVERSION, regs);
174 		if (regs[1] != VMW_HVMAGIC)
175 			return (0);
176 	}
177 	if (hv_high >= 0x40000010) {
178 		do_cpuid(0x40000010, regs);
179 		tsc_freq = regs[0] * 1000;
180 	} else {
181 		vmware_hvcall(VMW_HVCMD_GETHZ, regs);
182 		if (regs[1] != UINT_MAX)
183 			tsc_freq = regs[0] | ((uint64_t)regs[1] << 32);
184 	}
185 	tsc_is_invariant = 1;
186 	return (1);
187 }
188 
189 static void
190 tsc_freq_intel(void)
191 {
192 	char brand[48];
193 	u_int regs[4];
194 	uint64_t freq;
195 	char *p;
196 	u_int i;
197 
198 	/*
199 	 * Intel Processor Identification and the CPUID Instruction
200 	 * Application Note 485.
201 	 * http://www.intel.com/assets/pdf/appnote/241618.pdf
202 	 */
203 	if (cpu_exthigh >= 0x80000004) {
204 		p = brand;
205 		for (i = 0x80000002; i < 0x80000005; i++) {
206 			do_cpuid(i, regs);
207 			memcpy(p, regs, sizeof(regs));
208 			p += sizeof(regs);
209 		}
210 		p = NULL;
211 		for (i = 0; i < sizeof(brand) - 1; i++)
212 			if (brand[i] == 'H' && brand[i + 1] == 'z')
213 				p = brand + i;
214 		if (p != NULL) {
215 			p -= 5;
216 			switch (p[4]) {
217 			case 'M':
218 				i = 1;
219 				break;
220 			case 'G':
221 				i = 1000;
222 				break;
223 			case 'T':
224 				i = 1000000;
225 				break;
226 			default:
227 				return;
228 			}
229 #define	C2D(c)	((c) - '0')
230 			if (p[1] == '.') {
231 				freq = C2D(p[0]) * 1000;
232 				freq += C2D(p[2]) * 100;
233 				freq += C2D(p[3]) * 10;
234 				freq *= i * 1000;
235 			} else {
236 				freq = C2D(p[0]) * 1000;
237 				freq += C2D(p[1]) * 100;
238 				freq += C2D(p[2]) * 10;
239 				freq += C2D(p[3]);
240 				freq *= i * 1000000;
241 			}
242 #undef C2D
243 			tsc_freq = freq;
244 		}
245 	}
246 }
247 
248 static void
249 probe_tsc_freq(void)
250 {
251 	u_int regs[4];
252 	uint64_t tsc1, tsc2;
253 
254 	if (cpu_high >= 6) {
255 		do_cpuid(6, regs);
256 		if ((regs[2] & CPUID_PERF_STAT) != 0) {
257 			/*
258 			 * XXX Some emulators expose host CPUID without actual
259 			 * support for these MSRs.  We must test whether they
260 			 * really work.
261 			 */
262 			wrmsr(MSR_MPERF, 0);
263 			wrmsr(MSR_APERF, 0);
264 			DELAY(10);
265 			if (rdmsr(MSR_MPERF) > 0 && rdmsr(MSR_APERF) > 0)
266 				tsc_perf_stat = 1;
267 		}
268 	}
269 
270 	if (tsc_freq_vmware())
271 		return;
272 
273 	switch (cpu_vendor_id) {
274 	case CPU_VENDOR_AMD:
275 		if ((amd_pminfo & AMDPM_TSC_INVARIANT) != 0 ||
276 		    (vm_guest == VM_GUEST_NO &&
277 		    CPUID_TO_FAMILY(cpu_id) >= 0x10))
278 			tsc_is_invariant = 1;
279 		if (cpu_feature & CPUID_SSE2) {
280 			tsc_timecounter.tc_get_timecount =
281 			    tsc_get_timecount_mfence;
282 		}
283 		break;
284 	case CPU_VENDOR_INTEL:
285 		if ((amd_pminfo & AMDPM_TSC_INVARIANT) != 0 ||
286 		    (vm_guest == VM_GUEST_NO &&
287 		    ((CPUID_TO_FAMILY(cpu_id) == 0x6 &&
288 		    CPUID_TO_MODEL(cpu_id) >= 0xe) ||
289 		    (CPUID_TO_FAMILY(cpu_id) == 0xf &&
290 		    CPUID_TO_MODEL(cpu_id) >= 0x3))))
291 			tsc_is_invariant = 1;
292 		if (cpu_feature & CPUID_SSE2) {
293 			tsc_timecounter.tc_get_timecount =
294 			    tsc_get_timecount_lfence;
295 		}
296 		break;
297 	case CPU_VENDOR_CENTAUR:
298 		if (vm_guest == VM_GUEST_NO &&
299 		    CPUID_TO_FAMILY(cpu_id) == 0x6 &&
300 		    CPUID_TO_MODEL(cpu_id) >= 0xf &&
301 		    (rdmsr(0x1203) & 0x100000000ULL) == 0)
302 			tsc_is_invariant = 1;
303 		if (cpu_feature & CPUID_SSE2) {
304 			tsc_timecounter.tc_get_timecount =
305 			    tsc_get_timecount_lfence;
306 		}
307 		break;
308 	}
309 
310 	if (tsc_skip_calibration) {
311 		if (cpu_vendor_id == CPU_VENDOR_INTEL)
312 			tsc_freq_intel();
313 		return;
314 	}
315 
316 	if (bootverbose)
317 	        printf("Calibrating TSC clock ... ");
318 	tsc1 = rdtsc();
319 	DELAY(1000000);
320 	tsc2 = rdtsc();
321 	tsc_freq = tsc2 - tsc1;
322 	if (bootverbose)
323 		printf("TSC clock: %ju Hz\n", (intmax_t)tsc_freq);
324 }
325 
326 void
327 init_TSC(void)
328 {
329 
330 	if ((cpu_feature & CPUID_TSC) == 0 || tsc_disabled)
331 		return;
332 
333 	probe_tsc_freq();
334 
335 	/*
336 	 * Inform CPU accounting about our boot-time clock rate.  This will
337 	 * be updated if someone loads a cpufreq driver after boot that
338 	 * discovers a new max frequency.
339 	 */
340 	if (tsc_freq != 0)
341 		set_cputicker(rdtsc, tsc_freq, !tsc_is_invariant);
342 
343 	if (tsc_is_invariant)
344 		return;
345 
346 	/* Register to find out about changes in CPU frequency. */
347 	tsc_pre_tag = EVENTHANDLER_REGISTER(cpufreq_pre_change,
348 	    tsc_freq_changing, NULL, EVENTHANDLER_PRI_FIRST);
349 	tsc_post_tag = EVENTHANDLER_REGISTER(cpufreq_post_change,
350 	    tsc_freq_changed, NULL, EVENTHANDLER_PRI_FIRST);
351 	tsc_levels_tag = EVENTHANDLER_REGISTER(cpufreq_levels_changed,
352 	    tsc_levels_changed, NULL, EVENTHANDLER_PRI_ANY);
353 }
354 
355 #ifdef SMP
356 
357 /*
358  * RDTSC is not a serializing instruction, and does not drain
359  * instruction stream, so we need to drain the stream before executing
360  * it.  It could be fixed by use of RDTSCP, except the instruction is
361  * not available everywhere.
362  *
363  * Use CPUID for draining in the boot-time SMP constistency test.  The
364  * timecounters use MFENCE for AMD CPUs, and LFENCE for others (Intel
365  * and VIA) when SSE2 is present, and nothing on older machines which
366  * also do not issue RDTSC prematurely.  There, testing for SSE2 and
367  * vendor is too cumbersome, and we learn about TSC presence from CPUID.
368  *
369  * Do not use do_cpuid(), since we do not need CPUID results, which
370  * have to be written into memory with do_cpuid().
371  */
372 #define	TSC_READ(x)							\
373 static void								\
374 tsc_read_##x(void *arg)							\
375 {									\
376 	uint64_t *tsc = arg;						\
377 	u_int cpu = PCPU_GET(cpuid);					\
378 									\
379 	__asm __volatile("cpuid" : : : "eax", "ebx", "ecx", "edx");	\
380 	tsc[cpu * 3 + x] = rdtsc();					\
381 }
382 TSC_READ(0)
383 TSC_READ(1)
384 TSC_READ(2)
385 #undef TSC_READ
386 
387 #define	N	1000
388 
389 static void
390 comp_smp_tsc(void *arg)
391 {
392 	uint64_t *tsc;
393 	int64_t d1, d2;
394 	u_int cpu = PCPU_GET(cpuid);
395 	u_int i, j, size;
396 
397 	size = (mp_maxid + 1) * 3;
398 	for (i = 0, tsc = arg; i < N; i++, tsc += size)
399 		CPU_FOREACH(j) {
400 			if (j == cpu)
401 				continue;
402 			d1 = tsc[cpu * 3 + 1] - tsc[j * 3];
403 			d2 = tsc[cpu * 3 + 2] - tsc[j * 3 + 1];
404 			if (d1 <= 0 || d2 <= 0) {
405 				smp_tsc = 0;
406 				return;
407 			}
408 		}
409 }
410 
411 static void
412 adj_smp_tsc(void *arg)
413 {
414 	uint64_t *tsc;
415 	int64_t d, min, max;
416 	u_int cpu = PCPU_GET(cpuid);
417 	u_int first, i, size;
418 
419 	first = CPU_FIRST();
420 	if (cpu == first)
421 		return;
422 	min = INT64_MIN;
423 	max = INT64_MAX;
424 	size = (mp_maxid + 1) * 3;
425 	for (i = 0, tsc = arg; i < N; i++, tsc += size) {
426 		d = tsc[first * 3] - tsc[cpu * 3 + 1];
427 		if (d > min)
428 			min = d;
429 		d = tsc[first * 3 + 1] - tsc[cpu * 3 + 2];
430 		if (d > min)
431 			min = d;
432 		d = tsc[first * 3 + 1] - tsc[cpu * 3];
433 		if (d < max)
434 			max = d;
435 		d = tsc[first * 3 + 2] - tsc[cpu * 3 + 1];
436 		if (d < max)
437 			max = d;
438 	}
439 	if (min > max)
440 		return;
441 	d = min / 2 + max / 2;
442 	__asm __volatile (
443 		"movl $0x10, %%ecx\n\t"
444 		"rdmsr\n\t"
445 		"addl %%edi, %%eax\n\t"
446 		"adcl %%esi, %%edx\n\t"
447 		"wrmsr\n"
448 		: /* No output */
449 		: "D" ((uint32_t)d), "S" ((uint32_t)(d >> 32))
450 		: "ax", "cx", "dx", "cc"
451 	);
452 }
453 
454 static int
455 test_tsc(void)
456 {
457 	uint64_t *data, *tsc;
458 	u_int i, size, adj;
459 
460 	if ((!smp_tsc && !tsc_is_invariant) || vm_guest)
461 		return (-100);
462 	size = (mp_maxid + 1) * 3;
463 	data = malloc(sizeof(*data) * size * N, M_TEMP, M_WAITOK);
464 	adj = 0;
465 retry:
466 	for (i = 0, tsc = data; i < N; i++, tsc += size)
467 		smp_rendezvous(tsc_read_0, tsc_read_1, tsc_read_2, tsc);
468 	smp_tsc = 1;	/* XXX */
469 	smp_rendezvous(smp_no_rendevous_barrier, comp_smp_tsc,
470 	    smp_no_rendevous_barrier, data);
471 	if (!smp_tsc && adj < smp_tsc_adjust) {
472 		adj++;
473 		smp_rendezvous(smp_no_rendevous_barrier, adj_smp_tsc,
474 		    smp_no_rendevous_barrier, data);
475 		goto retry;
476 	}
477 	free(data, M_TEMP);
478 	if (bootverbose)
479 		printf("SMP: %sed TSC synchronization test%s\n",
480 		    smp_tsc ? "pass" : "fail",
481 		    adj > 0 ? " after adjustment" : "");
482 	if (smp_tsc && tsc_is_invariant) {
483 		switch (cpu_vendor_id) {
484 		case CPU_VENDOR_AMD:
485 			/*
486 			 * Starting with Family 15h processors, TSC clock
487 			 * source is in the north bridge.  Check whether
488 			 * we have a single-socket/multi-core platform.
489 			 * XXX Need more work for complex cases.
490 			 */
491 			if (CPUID_TO_FAMILY(cpu_id) < 0x15 ||
492 			    (amd_feature2 & AMDID2_CMP) == 0 ||
493 			    smp_cpus > (cpu_procinfo2 & AMDID_CMP_CORES) + 1)
494 				break;
495 			return (1000);
496 		case CPU_VENDOR_INTEL:
497 			/*
498 			 * XXX Assume Intel platforms have synchronized TSCs.
499 			 */
500 			return (1000);
501 		}
502 		return (800);
503 	}
504 	return (-100);
505 }
506 
507 #undef N
508 
509 #else
510 
511 /*
512  * The function is not called, it is provided to avoid linking failure
513  * on uniprocessor kernel.
514  */
515 static int
516 test_tsc(void)
517 {
518 
519 	return (0);
520 }
521 
522 #endif /* SMP */
523 
524 static void
525 init_TSC_tc(void)
526 {
527 	uint64_t max_freq;
528 	int shift;
529 
530 	if ((cpu_feature & CPUID_TSC) == 0 || tsc_disabled)
531 		return;
532 
533 	/*
534 	 * Limit timecounter frequency to fit in an int and prevent it from
535 	 * overflowing too fast.
536 	 */
537 	max_freq = UINT_MAX;
538 
539 	/*
540 	 * We can not use the TSC if we support APM.  Precise timekeeping
541 	 * on an APM'ed machine is at best a fools pursuit, since
542 	 * any and all of the time spent in various SMM code can't
543 	 * be reliably accounted for.  Reading the RTC is your only
544 	 * source of reliable time info.  The i8254 loses too, of course,
545 	 * but we need to have some kind of time...
546 	 * We don't know at this point whether APM is going to be used
547 	 * or not, nor when it might be activated.  Play it safe.
548 	 */
549 	if (power_pm_get_type() == POWER_PM_TYPE_APM) {
550 		tsc_timecounter.tc_quality = -1000;
551 		if (bootverbose)
552 			printf("TSC timecounter disabled: APM enabled.\n");
553 		goto init;
554 	}
555 
556 	/*
557 	 * We cannot use the TSC if it stops incrementing in deep sleep.
558 	 * Currently only Intel CPUs are known for this problem unless
559 	 * the invariant TSC bit is set.
560 	 */
561 	if (cpu_can_deep_sleep && cpu_vendor_id == CPU_VENDOR_INTEL &&
562 	    (amd_pminfo & AMDPM_TSC_INVARIANT) == 0) {
563 		tsc_timecounter.tc_quality = -1000;
564 		tsc_timecounter.tc_flags |= TC_FLAGS_C3STOP;
565 		if (bootverbose)
566 			printf("TSC timecounter disabled: C3 enabled.\n");
567 		goto init;
568 	}
569 
570 	/*
571 	 * We can not use the TSC in SMP mode unless the TSCs on all CPUs
572 	 * are synchronized.  If the user is sure that the system has
573 	 * synchronized TSCs, set kern.timecounter.smp_tsc tunable to a
574 	 * non-zero value.  The TSC seems unreliable in virtualized SMP
575 	 * environments, so it is set to a negative quality in those cases.
576 	 */
577 	if (mp_ncpus > 1)
578 		tsc_timecounter.tc_quality = test_tsc();
579 	else if (tsc_is_invariant)
580 		tsc_timecounter.tc_quality = 1000;
581 	max_freq >>= tsc_shift;
582 
583 init:
584 	for (shift = 0; shift <= 31 && (tsc_freq >> shift) > max_freq; shift++)
585 		;
586 	if ((cpu_feature & CPUID_SSE2) != 0 && mp_ncpus > 1) {
587 		if (cpu_vendor_id == CPU_VENDOR_AMD) {
588 			tsc_timecounter.tc_get_timecount = shift > 0 ?
589 			    tsc_get_timecount_low_mfence :
590 			    tsc_get_timecount_mfence;
591 		} else {
592 			tsc_timecounter.tc_get_timecount = shift > 0 ?
593 			    tsc_get_timecount_low_lfence :
594 			    tsc_get_timecount_lfence;
595 		}
596 	} else {
597 		tsc_timecounter.tc_get_timecount = shift > 0 ?
598 		    tsc_get_timecount_low : tsc_get_timecount;
599 	}
600 	if (shift > 0) {
601 		tsc_timecounter.tc_name = "TSC-low";
602 		if (bootverbose)
603 			printf("TSC timecounter discards lower %d bit(s)\n",
604 			    shift);
605 	}
606 	if (tsc_freq != 0) {
607 		tsc_timecounter.tc_frequency = tsc_freq >> shift;
608 		tsc_timecounter.tc_priv = (void *)(intptr_t)shift;
609 		tc_init(&tsc_timecounter);
610 	}
611 }
612 SYSINIT(tsc_tc, SI_SUB_SMP, SI_ORDER_ANY, init_TSC_tc, NULL);
613 
614 /*
615  * When cpufreq levels change, find out about the (new) max frequency.  We
616  * use this to update CPU accounting in case it got a lower estimate at boot.
617  */
618 static void
619 tsc_levels_changed(void *arg, int unit)
620 {
621 	device_t cf_dev;
622 	struct cf_level *levels;
623 	int count, error;
624 	uint64_t max_freq;
625 
626 	/* Only use values from the first CPU, assuming all are equal. */
627 	if (unit != 0)
628 		return;
629 
630 	/* Find the appropriate cpufreq device instance. */
631 	cf_dev = devclass_get_device(devclass_find("cpufreq"), unit);
632 	if (cf_dev == NULL) {
633 		printf("tsc_levels_changed() called but no cpufreq device?\n");
634 		return;
635 	}
636 
637 	/* Get settings from the device and find the max frequency. */
638 	count = 64;
639 	levels = malloc(count * sizeof(*levels), M_TEMP, M_NOWAIT);
640 	if (levels == NULL)
641 		return;
642 	error = CPUFREQ_LEVELS(cf_dev, levels, &count);
643 	if (error == 0 && count != 0) {
644 		max_freq = (uint64_t)levels[0].total_set.freq * 1000000;
645 		set_cputicker(rdtsc, max_freq, 1);
646 	} else
647 		printf("tsc_levels_changed: no max freq found\n");
648 	free(levels, M_TEMP);
649 }
650 
651 /*
652  * If the TSC timecounter is in use, veto the pending change.  It may be
653  * possible in the future to handle a dynamically-changing timecounter rate.
654  */
655 static void
656 tsc_freq_changing(void *arg, const struct cf_level *level, int *status)
657 {
658 
659 	if (*status != 0 || timecounter != &tsc_timecounter)
660 		return;
661 
662 	printf("timecounter TSC must not be in use when "
663 	    "changing frequencies; change denied\n");
664 	*status = EBUSY;
665 }
666 
667 /* Update TSC freq with the value indicated by the caller. */
668 static void
669 tsc_freq_changed(void *arg, const struct cf_level *level, int status)
670 {
671 	uint64_t freq;
672 
673 	/* If there was an error during the transition, don't do anything. */
674 	if (tsc_disabled || status != 0)
675 		return;
676 
677 	/* Total setting for this level gives the new frequency in MHz. */
678 	freq = (uint64_t)level->total_set.freq * 1000000;
679 	atomic_store_rel_64(&tsc_freq, freq);
680 	tsc_timecounter.tc_frequency =
681 	    freq >> (int)(intptr_t)tsc_timecounter.tc_priv;
682 }
683 
684 static int
685 sysctl_machdep_tsc_freq(SYSCTL_HANDLER_ARGS)
686 {
687 	int error;
688 	uint64_t freq;
689 
690 	freq = atomic_load_acq_64(&tsc_freq);
691 	if (freq == 0)
692 		return (EOPNOTSUPP);
693 	error = sysctl_handle_64(oidp, &freq, 0, req);
694 	if (error == 0 && req->newptr != NULL) {
695 		atomic_store_rel_64(&tsc_freq, freq);
696 		atomic_store_rel_64(&tsc_timecounter.tc_frequency,
697 		    freq >> (int)(intptr_t)tsc_timecounter.tc_priv);
698 	}
699 	return (error);
700 }
701 
702 SYSCTL_PROC(_machdep, OID_AUTO, tsc_freq, CTLTYPE_U64 | CTLFLAG_RW,
703     0, 0, sysctl_machdep_tsc_freq, "QU", "Time Stamp Counter frequency");
704 
705 static u_int
706 tsc_get_timecount(struct timecounter *tc __unused)
707 {
708 
709 	return (rdtsc32());
710 }
711 
712 static inline u_int
713 tsc_get_timecount_low(struct timecounter *tc)
714 {
715 	uint32_t rv;
716 
717 	__asm __volatile("rdtsc; shrd %%cl, %%edx, %0"
718 	    : "=a" (rv) : "c" ((int)(intptr_t)tc->tc_priv) : "edx");
719 	return (rv);
720 }
721 
722 static u_int
723 tsc_get_timecount_lfence(struct timecounter *tc __unused)
724 {
725 
726 	lfence();
727 	return (rdtsc32());
728 }
729 
730 static u_int
731 tsc_get_timecount_low_lfence(struct timecounter *tc)
732 {
733 
734 	lfence();
735 	return (tsc_get_timecount_low(tc));
736 }
737 
738 static u_int
739 tsc_get_timecount_mfence(struct timecounter *tc __unused)
740 {
741 
742 	mfence();
743 	return (rdtsc32());
744 }
745 
746 static u_int
747 tsc_get_timecount_low_mfence(struct timecounter *tc)
748 {
749 
750 	mfence();
751 	return (tsc_get_timecount_low(tc));
752 }
753 
754 uint32_t
755 cpu_fill_vdso_timehands(struct vdso_timehands *vdso_th)
756 {
757 
758 	vdso_th->th_x86_shift = (int)(intptr_t)timecounter->tc_priv;
759 	bzero(vdso_th->th_res, sizeof(vdso_th->th_res));
760 	return (timecounter == &tsc_timecounter);
761 }
762 
763 #ifdef COMPAT_FREEBSD32
764 uint32_t
765 cpu_fill_vdso_timehands32(struct vdso_timehands32 *vdso_th32)
766 {
767 
768 	vdso_th32->th_x86_shift = (int)(intptr_t)timecounter->tc_priv;
769 	bzero(vdso_th32->th_res, sizeof(vdso_th32->th_res));
770 	return (timecounter == &tsc_timecounter);
771 }
772 #endif
773