xref: /freebsd/sys/x86/x86/dump_machdep.c (revision 7e00348e7605b9906601438008341ffc37c00e2c)
1 /*-
2  * Copyright (c) 2002 Marcel Moolenaar
3  * All rights reserved.
4  *
5  * Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
6  * modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions
7  * are met:
8  *
9  * 1. Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright
10  *    notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
11  * 2. Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above copyright
12  *    notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer in the
13  *    documentation and/or other materials provided with the distribution.
14  *
15  * THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE AUTHOR ``AS IS'' AND ANY EXPRESS OR
16  * IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, THE IMPLIED WARRANTIES
17  * OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE ARE DISCLAIMED.
18  * IN NO EVENT SHALL THE AUTHOR BE LIABLE FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT,
19  * INCIDENTAL, SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT
20  * NOT LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE,
21  * DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION) HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY
22  * THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT LIABILITY, OR TORT
23  * (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY OUT OF THE USE OF
24  * THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE.
25  */
26 
27 #include <sys/cdefs.h>
28 __FBSDID("$FreeBSD$");
29 
30 #include "opt_watchdog.h"
31 
32 #include <sys/param.h>
33 #include <sys/systm.h>
34 #include <sys/conf.h>
35 #include <sys/cons.h>
36 #include <sys/sysctl.h>
37 #include <sys/kernel.h>
38 #include <sys/kerneldump.h>
39 #include <sys/watchdog.h>
40 #include <vm/vm.h>
41 #include <vm/pmap.h>
42 #include <machine/elf.h>
43 #include <machine/md_var.h>
44 
45 #ifdef __amd64__
46 #define	KERNELDUMP_VERSION	KERNELDUMP_AMD64_VERSION
47 #define	EM_VALUE		EM_X86_64
48 #else
49 #define	KERNELDUMP_VERSION	KERNELDUMP_I386_VERSION
50 #define	EM_VALUE		EM_386
51 #endif
52 
53 CTASSERT(sizeof(struct kerneldumpheader) == 512);
54 
55 int do_minidump = 1;
56 SYSCTL_INT(_debug, OID_AUTO, minidump, CTLFLAG_RWTUN, &do_minidump, 0,
57     "Enable mini crash dumps");
58 
59 /*
60  * Don't touch the first SIZEOF_METADATA bytes on the dump device. This
61  * is to protect us from metadata and to protect metadata from us.
62  */
63 #define	SIZEOF_METADATA		(64*1024)
64 
65 #define	MD_ALIGN(x)	(((off_t)(x) + PAGE_MASK) & ~PAGE_MASK)
66 #define	DEV_ALIGN(x)	(((off_t)(x) + (DEV_BSIZE-1)) & ~(DEV_BSIZE-1))
67 
68 struct md_pa {
69 	vm_paddr_t md_start;
70 	vm_paddr_t md_size;
71 };
72 
73 typedef int callback_t(struct md_pa *, int, void *);
74 
75 static struct kerneldumpheader kdh;
76 static off_t dumplo, fileofs;
77 
78 /* Handle buffered writes. */
79 static char buffer[DEV_BSIZE];
80 static size_t fragsz;
81 
82 /* 20 phys_avail entry pairs correspond to 10 md_pa's */
83 static struct md_pa dump_map[10];
84 
85 static void
86 md_pa_init(void)
87 {
88 	int n, idx;
89 
90 	bzero(dump_map, sizeof(dump_map));
91 	for (n = 0; n < sizeof(dump_map) / sizeof(dump_map[0]); n++) {
92 		idx = n * 2;
93 		if (dump_avail[idx] == 0 && dump_avail[idx + 1] == 0)
94 			break;
95 		dump_map[n].md_start = dump_avail[idx];
96 		dump_map[n].md_size = dump_avail[idx + 1] - dump_avail[idx];
97 	}
98 }
99 
100 static struct md_pa *
101 md_pa_first(void)
102 {
103 
104 	return (&dump_map[0]);
105 }
106 
107 static struct md_pa *
108 md_pa_next(struct md_pa *mdp)
109 {
110 
111 	mdp++;
112 	if (mdp->md_size == 0)
113 		mdp = NULL;
114 	return (mdp);
115 }
116 
117 static int
118 buf_write(struct dumperinfo *di, char *ptr, size_t sz)
119 {
120 	size_t len;
121 	int error;
122 
123 	while (sz) {
124 		len = DEV_BSIZE - fragsz;
125 		if (len > sz)
126 			len = sz;
127 		bcopy(ptr, buffer + fragsz, len);
128 		fragsz += len;
129 		ptr += len;
130 		sz -= len;
131 		if (fragsz == DEV_BSIZE) {
132 			error = dump_write(di, buffer, 0, dumplo,
133 			    DEV_BSIZE);
134 			if (error)
135 				return error;
136 			dumplo += DEV_BSIZE;
137 			fragsz = 0;
138 		}
139 	}
140 
141 	return (0);
142 }
143 
144 static int
145 buf_flush(struct dumperinfo *di)
146 {
147 	int error;
148 
149 	if (fragsz == 0)
150 		return (0);
151 
152 	error = dump_write(di, buffer, 0, dumplo, DEV_BSIZE);
153 	dumplo += DEV_BSIZE;
154 	fragsz = 0;
155 	return (error);
156 }
157 
158 #define PG2MB(pgs) ((pgs + (1 << 8) - 1) >> 8)
159 
160 static int
161 cb_dumpdata(struct md_pa *mdp, int seqnr, void *arg)
162 {
163 	struct dumperinfo *di = (struct dumperinfo*)arg;
164 	vm_paddr_t a, pa;
165 	void *va;
166 	uint64_t pgs;
167 	size_t counter, sz, chunk;
168 	int i, c, error, twiddle;
169 	u_int maxdumppgs;
170 
171 	error = 0;	/* catch case in which chunk size is 0 */
172 	counter = 0;	/* Update twiddle every 16MB */
173 	twiddle = 0;
174 	va = 0;
175 	pgs = mdp->md_size / PAGE_SIZE;
176 	pa = mdp->md_start;
177 	maxdumppgs = min(di->maxiosize / PAGE_SIZE, MAXDUMPPGS);
178 	if (maxdumppgs == 0)	/* seatbelt */
179 		maxdumppgs = 1;
180 
181 	printf("  chunk %d: %juMB (%ju pages)", seqnr, (uintmax_t)PG2MB(pgs),
182 	    (uintmax_t)pgs);
183 
184 	while (pgs) {
185 		chunk = pgs;
186 		if (chunk > maxdumppgs)
187 			chunk = maxdumppgs;
188 		sz = chunk << PAGE_SHIFT;
189 		counter += sz;
190 		if (counter >> 24) {
191 			printf(" %ju", (uintmax_t)PG2MB(pgs));
192 			counter &= (1<<24) - 1;
193 		}
194 		for (i = 0; i < chunk; i++) {
195 			a = pa + i * PAGE_SIZE;
196 			va = pmap_kenter_temporary(trunc_page(a), i);
197 		}
198 
199 		wdog_kern_pat(WD_LASTVAL);
200 
201 		error = dump_write(di, va, 0, dumplo, sz);
202 		if (error)
203 			break;
204 		dumplo += sz;
205 		pgs -= chunk;
206 		pa += sz;
207 
208 		/* Check for user abort. */
209 		c = cncheckc();
210 		if (c == 0x03)
211 			return (ECANCELED);
212 		if (c != -1)
213 			printf(" (CTRL-C to abort) ");
214 	}
215 	printf(" ... %s\n", (error) ? "fail" : "ok");
216 	return (error);
217 }
218 
219 static int
220 cb_dumphdr(struct md_pa *mdp, int seqnr, void *arg)
221 {
222 	struct dumperinfo *di = (struct dumperinfo*)arg;
223 	Elf_Phdr phdr;
224 	uint64_t size;
225 	int error;
226 
227 	size = mdp->md_size;
228 	bzero(&phdr, sizeof(phdr));
229 	phdr.p_type = PT_LOAD;
230 	phdr.p_flags = PF_R;			/* XXX */
231 	phdr.p_offset = fileofs;
232 	phdr.p_vaddr = mdp->md_start;
233 	phdr.p_paddr = mdp->md_start;
234 	phdr.p_filesz = size;
235 	phdr.p_memsz = size;
236 	phdr.p_align = PAGE_SIZE;
237 
238 	error = buf_write(di, (char*)&phdr, sizeof(phdr));
239 	fileofs += phdr.p_filesz;
240 	return (error);
241 }
242 
243 static int
244 cb_size(struct md_pa *mdp, int seqnr, void *arg)
245 {
246 	uint64_t *sz = (uint64_t*)arg;
247 
248 	*sz += (uint64_t)mdp->md_size;
249 	return (0);
250 }
251 
252 static int
253 foreach_chunk(callback_t cb, void *arg)
254 {
255 	struct md_pa *mdp;
256 	int error, seqnr;
257 
258 	seqnr = 0;
259 	mdp = md_pa_first();
260 	while (mdp != NULL) {
261 		error = (*cb)(mdp, seqnr++, arg);
262 		if (error)
263 			return (-error);
264 		mdp = md_pa_next(mdp);
265 	}
266 	return (seqnr);
267 }
268 
269 int
270 dumpsys(struct dumperinfo *di)
271 {
272 	Elf_Ehdr ehdr;
273 	uint64_t dumpsize;
274 	off_t hdrgap;
275 	size_t hdrsz;
276 	int error;
277 
278 	if (do_minidump)
279 		return (minidumpsys(di));
280 
281 	bzero(&ehdr, sizeof(ehdr));
282 	ehdr.e_ident[EI_MAG0] = ELFMAG0;
283 	ehdr.e_ident[EI_MAG1] = ELFMAG1;
284 	ehdr.e_ident[EI_MAG2] = ELFMAG2;
285 	ehdr.e_ident[EI_MAG3] = ELFMAG3;
286 	ehdr.e_ident[EI_CLASS] = ELF_CLASS;
287 #if BYTE_ORDER == LITTLE_ENDIAN
288 	ehdr.e_ident[EI_DATA] = ELFDATA2LSB;
289 #else
290 	ehdr.e_ident[EI_DATA] = ELFDATA2MSB;
291 #endif
292 	ehdr.e_ident[EI_VERSION] = EV_CURRENT;
293 	ehdr.e_ident[EI_OSABI] = ELFOSABI_STANDALONE;	/* XXX big picture? */
294 	ehdr.e_type = ET_CORE;
295 	ehdr.e_machine = EM_VALUE;
296 	ehdr.e_phoff = sizeof(ehdr);
297 	ehdr.e_flags = 0;
298 	ehdr.e_ehsize = sizeof(ehdr);
299 	ehdr.e_phentsize = sizeof(Elf_Phdr);
300 	ehdr.e_shentsize = sizeof(Elf_Shdr);
301 
302 	md_pa_init();
303 
304 	/* Calculate dump size. */
305 	dumpsize = 0L;
306 	ehdr.e_phnum = foreach_chunk(cb_size, &dumpsize);
307 	hdrsz = ehdr.e_phoff + ehdr.e_phnum * ehdr.e_phentsize;
308 	fileofs = MD_ALIGN(hdrsz);
309 	dumpsize += fileofs;
310 	hdrgap = fileofs - DEV_ALIGN(hdrsz);
311 
312 	/* Determine dump offset on device. */
313 	if (di->mediasize < SIZEOF_METADATA + dumpsize + sizeof(kdh) * 2) {
314 		error = ENOSPC;
315 		goto fail;
316 	}
317 	dumplo = di->mediaoffset + di->mediasize - dumpsize;
318 	dumplo -= sizeof(kdh) * 2;
319 
320 	mkdumpheader(&kdh, KERNELDUMPMAGIC, KERNELDUMP_VERSION, dumpsize,
321 	    di->blocksize);
322 
323 	printf("Dumping %llu MB (%d chunks)\n", (long long)dumpsize >> 20,
324 	    ehdr.e_phnum);
325 
326 	/* Dump leader */
327 	error = dump_write(di, &kdh, 0, dumplo, sizeof(kdh));
328 	if (error)
329 		goto fail;
330 	dumplo += sizeof(kdh);
331 
332 	/* Dump ELF header */
333 	error = buf_write(di, (char*)&ehdr, sizeof(ehdr));
334 	if (error)
335 		goto fail;
336 
337 	/* Dump program headers */
338 	error = foreach_chunk(cb_dumphdr, di);
339 	if (error < 0)
340 		goto fail;
341 	buf_flush(di);
342 
343 	/*
344 	 * All headers are written using blocked I/O, so we know the
345 	 * current offset is (still) block aligned. Skip the alignement
346 	 * in the file to have the segment contents aligned at page
347 	 * boundary. We cannot use MD_ALIGN on dumplo, because we don't
348 	 * care and may very well be unaligned within the dump device.
349 	 */
350 	dumplo += hdrgap;
351 
352 	/* Dump memory chunks (updates dumplo) */
353 	error = foreach_chunk(cb_dumpdata, di);
354 	if (error < 0)
355 		goto fail;
356 
357 	/* Dump trailer */
358 	error = dump_write(di, &kdh, 0, dumplo, sizeof(kdh));
359 	if (error)
360 		goto fail;
361 
362 	/* Signal completion, signoff and exit stage left. */
363 	dump_write(di, NULL, 0, 0, 0);
364 	printf("\nDump complete\n");
365 	return (0);
366 
367  fail:
368 	if (error < 0)
369 		error = -error;
370 
371 	if (error == ECANCELED)
372 		printf("\nDump aborted\n");
373 	else if (error == ENOSPC)
374 		printf("\nDump failed. Partition too small.\n");
375 	else
376 		printf("\n** DUMP FAILED (ERROR %d) **\n", error);
377 	return (error);
378 }
379