xref: /freebsd/sys/x86/isa/clock.c (revision af23369a6deaaeb612ab266eb88b8bb8d560c322)
1 /*-
2  * SPDX-License-Identifier: BSD-3-Clause
3  *
4  * Copyright (c) 1990 The Regents of the University of California.
5  * Copyright (c) 2010 Alexander Motin <mav@FreeBSD.org>
6  * All rights reserved.
7  *
8  * This code is derived from software contributed to Berkeley by
9  * William Jolitz and Don Ahn.
10  *
11  * Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
12  * modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions
13  * are met:
14  * 1. Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright
15  *    notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
16  * 2. Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above copyright
17  *    notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer in the
18  *    documentation and/or other materials provided with the distribution.
19  * 3. Neither the name of the University nor the names of its contributors
20  *    may be used to endorse or promote products derived from this software
21  *    without specific prior written permission.
22  *
23  * THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE REGENTS AND CONTRIBUTORS ``AS IS'' AND
24  * ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, THE
25  * IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE
26  * ARE DISCLAIMED.  IN NO EVENT SHALL THE REGENTS OR CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE
27  * FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL, SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL
28  * DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS
29  * OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE, DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION)
30  * HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT
31  * LIABILITY, OR TORT (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY
32  * OUT OF THE USE OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF
33  * SUCH DAMAGE.
34  *
35  *	from: @(#)clock.c	7.2 (Berkeley) 5/12/91
36  */
37 
38 #include <sys/cdefs.h>
39 __FBSDID("$FreeBSD$");
40 
41 /*
42  * Routines to handle clock hardware.
43  */
44 
45 #ifdef __amd64__
46 #define	DEV_APIC
47 #else
48 #include "opt_apic.h"
49 #endif
50 #include "opt_clock.h"
51 #include "opt_isa.h"
52 
53 #include <sys/param.h>
54 #include <sys/systm.h>
55 #include <sys/bus.h>
56 #include <sys/lock.h>
57 #include <sys/kdb.h>
58 #include <sys/mutex.h>
59 #include <sys/proc.h>
60 #include <sys/kernel.h>
61 #include <sys/module.h>
62 #include <sys/rman.h>
63 #include <sys/sched.h>
64 #include <sys/smp.h>
65 #include <sys/sysctl.h>
66 #include <sys/timeet.h>
67 #include <sys/timetc.h>
68 
69 #include <machine/clock.h>
70 #include <machine/cpu.h>
71 #include <machine/intr_machdep.h>
72 #include <machine/ppireg.h>
73 #include <machine/timerreg.h>
74 #include <x86/apicvar.h>
75 #include <x86/init.h>
76 
77 #include <isa/rtc.h>
78 #ifdef DEV_ISA
79 #include <isa/isareg.h>
80 #include <isa/isavar.h>
81 #endif
82 
83 int	clkintr_pending;
84 #ifndef TIMER_FREQ
85 #define TIMER_FREQ   1193182
86 #endif
87 u_int	i8254_freq = TIMER_FREQ;
88 TUNABLE_INT("hw.i8254.freq", &i8254_freq);
89 int	i8254_max_count;
90 static int i8254_timecounter = 1;
91 
92 static	struct mtx clock_lock;
93 static	struct intsrc *i8254_intsrc;
94 static	uint16_t i8254_lastcount;
95 static	uint16_t i8254_offset;
96 static	int	(*i8254_pending)(struct intsrc *);
97 static	int	i8254_ticked;
98 
99 struct attimer_softc {
100 	int intr_en;
101 	int port_rid, intr_rid;
102 	struct resource *port_res;
103 	struct resource *intr_res;
104 	void *intr_handler;
105 	struct timecounter tc;
106 	struct eventtimer et;
107 	int		mode;
108 #define	MODE_STOP	0
109 #define	MODE_PERIODIC	1
110 #define	MODE_ONESHOT	2
111 	uint32_t	period;
112 };
113 static struct attimer_softc *attimer_sc = NULL;
114 
115 static int timer0_period = -2;
116 static int timer0_mode = 0xffff;
117 static int timer0_last = 0xffff;
118 
119 /* Values for timerX_state: */
120 #define	RELEASED	0
121 #define	RELEASE_PENDING	1
122 #define	ACQUIRED	2
123 #define	ACQUIRE_PENDING	3
124 
125 static	u_char	timer2_state;
126 
127 static	unsigned i8254_get_timecount(struct timecounter *tc);
128 static	void	set_i8254_freq(int mode, uint32_t period);
129 
130 void
131 clock_init(void)
132 {
133 	/* Init the clock lock */
134 	mtx_init(&clock_lock, "clk", NULL, MTX_SPIN | MTX_NOPROFILE);
135 	/* Init the clock in order to use DELAY */
136 	init_ops.early_clock_source_init();
137 	tsc_init();
138 }
139 
140 static int
141 clkintr(void *arg)
142 {
143 	struct attimer_softc *sc = (struct attimer_softc *)arg;
144 
145 	if (i8254_timecounter && sc->period != 0) {
146 		mtx_lock_spin(&clock_lock);
147 		if (i8254_ticked)
148 			i8254_ticked = 0;
149 		else {
150 			i8254_offset += i8254_max_count;
151 			i8254_lastcount = 0;
152 		}
153 		clkintr_pending = 0;
154 		mtx_unlock_spin(&clock_lock);
155 	}
156 
157 	if (sc->et.et_active && sc->mode != MODE_STOP)
158 		sc->et.et_event_cb(&sc->et, sc->et.et_arg);
159 
160 	return (FILTER_HANDLED);
161 }
162 
163 int
164 timer_spkr_acquire(void)
165 {
166 	int mode;
167 
168 	mode = TIMER_SEL2 | TIMER_SQWAVE | TIMER_16BIT;
169 
170 	if (timer2_state != RELEASED)
171 		return (-1);
172 	timer2_state = ACQUIRED;
173 
174 	/*
175 	 * This access to the timer registers is as atomic as possible
176 	 * because it is a single instruction.  We could do better if we
177 	 * knew the rate.  Use of splclock() limits glitches to 10-100us,
178 	 * and this is probably good enough for timer2, so we aren't as
179 	 * careful with it as with timer0.
180 	 */
181 	outb(TIMER_MODE, TIMER_SEL2 | (mode & 0x3f));
182 
183 	ppi_spkr_on();		/* enable counter2 output to speaker */
184 	return (0);
185 }
186 
187 int
188 timer_spkr_release(void)
189 {
190 
191 	if (timer2_state != ACQUIRED)
192 		return (-1);
193 	timer2_state = RELEASED;
194 	outb(TIMER_MODE, TIMER_SEL2 | TIMER_SQWAVE | TIMER_16BIT);
195 
196 	ppi_spkr_off();		/* disable counter2 output to speaker */
197 	return (0);
198 }
199 
200 void
201 timer_spkr_setfreq(int freq)
202 {
203 
204 	freq = i8254_freq / freq;
205 	mtx_lock_spin(&clock_lock);
206 	outb(TIMER_CNTR2, freq & 0xff);
207 	outb(TIMER_CNTR2, freq >> 8);
208 	mtx_unlock_spin(&clock_lock);
209 }
210 
211 static int
212 getit(void)
213 {
214 	int high, low;
215 
216 	mtx_lock_spin(&clock_lock);
217 
218 	/* Select timer0 and latch counter value. */
219 	outb(TIMER_MODE, TIMER_SEL0 | TIMER_LATCH);
220 
221 	low = inb(TIMER_CNTR0);
222 	high = inb(TIMER_CNTR0);
223 
224 	mtx_unlock_spin(&clock_lock);
225 	return ((high << 8) | low);
226 }
227 
228 /*
229  * Wait "n" microseconds.
230  * Relies on timer 1 counting down from (i8254_freq / hz)
231  * Note: timer had better have been programmed before this is first used!
232  */
233 void
234 i8254_delay(int n)
235 {
236 	int delta, prev_tick, tick, ticks_left;
237 #ifdef DELAYDEBUG
238 	int getit_calls = 1;
239 	int n1;
240 	static int state = 0;
241 
242 	if (state == 0) {
243 		state = 1;
244 		for (n1 = 1; n1 <= 10000000; n1 *= 10)
245 			DELAY(n1);
246 		state = 2;
247 	}
248 	if (state == 1)
249 		printf("DELAY(%d)...", n);
250 #endif
251 	/*
252 	 * Read the counter first, so that the rest of the setup overhead is
253 	 * counted.  Guess the initial overhead is 20 usec (on most systems it
254 	 * takes about 1.5 usec for each of the i/o's in getit().  The loop
255 	 * takes about 6 usec on a 486/33 and 13 usec on a 386/20.  The
256 	 * multiplications and divisions to scale the count take a while).
257 	 *
258 	 * However, if ddb is active then use a fake counter since reading
259 	 * the i8254 counter involves acquiring a lock.  ddb must not do
260 	 * locking for many reasons, but it calls here for at least atkbd
261 	 * input.
262 	 */
263 #ifdef KDB
264 	if (kdb_active)
265 		prev_tick = 1;
266 	else
267 #endif
268 		prev_tick = getit();
269 	n -= 0;			/* XXX actually guess no initial overhead */
270 	/*
271 	 * Calculate (n * (i8254_freq / 1e6)) without using floating point
272 	 * and without any avoidable overflows.
273 	 */
274 	if (n <= 0)
275 		ticks_left = 0;
276 	else if (n < 256)
277 		/*
278 		 * Use fixed point to avoid a slow division by 1000000.
279 		 * 39099 = 1193182 * 2^15 / 10^6 rounded to nearest.
280 		 * 2^15 is the first power of 2 that gives exact results
281 		 * for n between 0 and 256.
282 		 */
283 		ticks_left = ((u_int)n * 39099 + (1 << 15) - 1) >> 15;
284 	else
285 		/*
286 		 * Don't bother using fixed point, although gcc-2.7.2
287 		 * generates particularly poor code for the long long
288 		 * division, since even the slow way will complete long
289 		 * before the delay is up (unless we're interrupted).
290 		 */
291 		ticks_left = ((u_int)n * (long long)i8254_freq + 999999)
292 			     / 1000000;
293 
294 	while (ticks_left > 0) {
295 #ifdef KDB
296 		if (kdb_active) {
297 			inb(0x84);
298 			tick = prev_tick - 1;
299 			if (tick <= 0)
300 				tick = i8254_max_count;
301 		} else
302 #endif
303 			tick = getit();
304 #ifdef DELAYDEBUG
305 		++getit_calls;
306 #endif
307 		delta = prev_tick - tick;
308 		prev_tick = tick;
309 		if (delta < 0) {
310 			delta += i8254_max_count;
311 			/*
312 			 * Guard against i8254_max_count being wrong.
313 			 * This shouldn't happen in normal operation,
314 			 * but it may happen if set_i8254_freq() is
315 			 * traced.
316 			 */
317 			if (delta < 0)
318 				delta = 0;
319 		}
320 		ticks_left -= delta;
321 	}
322 #ifdef DELAYDEBUG
323 	if (state == 1)
324 		printf(" %d calls to getit() at %d usec each\n",
325 		       getit_calls, (n + 5) / getit_calls);
326 #endif
327 }
328 
329 static void
330 set_i8254_freq(int mode, uint32_t period)
331 {
332 	int new_count, new_mode;
333 
334 	mtx_lock_spin(&clock_lock);
335 	if (mode == MODE_STOP) {
336 		if (i8254_timecounter) {
337 			mode = MODE_PERIODIC;
338 			new_count = 0x10000;
339 		} else
340 			new_count = -1;
341 	} else {
342 		new_count = min(((uint64_t)i8254_freq * period +
343 		    0x80000000LLU) >> 32, 0x10000);
344 	}
345 	if (new_count == timer0_period)
346 		goto out;
347 	i8254_max_count = ((new_count & ~0xffff) != 0) ? 0xffff : new_count;
348 	timer0_period = (mode == MODE_PERIODIC) ? new_count : -1;
349 	switch (mode) {
350 	case MODE_STOP:
351 		new_mode = TIMER_SEL0 | TIMER_INTTC | TIMER_16BIT;
352 		outb(TIMER_MODE, new_mode);
353 		outb(TIMER_CNTR0, 0);
354 		outb(TIMER_CNTR0, 0);
355 		break;
356 	case MODE_PERIODIC:
357 		new_mode = TIMER_SEL0 | TIMER_RATEGEN | TIMER_16BIT;
358 		outb(TIMER_MODE, new_mode);
359 		outb(TIMER_CNTR0, new_count & 0xff);
360 		outb(TIMER_CNTR0, new_count >> 8);
361 		break;
362 	case MODE_ONESHOT:
363 		if (new_count < 256 && timer0_last < 256) {
364 			new_mode = TIMER_SEL0 | TIMER_INTTC | TIMER_LSB;
365 			if (new_mode != timer0_mode)
366 				outb(TIMER_MODE, new_mode);
367 			outb(TIMER_CNTR0, new_count & 0xff);
368 			break;
369 		}
370 		new_mode = TIMER_SEL0 | TIMER_INTTC | TIMER_16BIT;
371 		if (new_mode != timer0_mode)
372 			outb(TIMER_MODE, new_mode);
373 		outb(TIMER_CNTR0, new_count & 0xff);
374 		outb(TIMER_CNTR0, new_count >> 8);
375 		break;
376 	default:
377 		panic("set_i8254_freq: unknown operational mode");
378 	}
379 	timer0_mode = new_mode;
380 	timer0_last = new_count;
381 out:
382 	mtx_unlock_spin(&clock_lock);
383 }
384 
385 static void
386 i8254_restore(void)
387 {
388 
389 	timer0_period = -2;
390 	timer0_mode = 0xffff;
391 	timer0_last = 0xffff;
392 	if (attimer_sc != NULL)
393 		set_i8254_freq(attimer_sc->mode, attimer_sc->period);
394 	else
395 		set_i8254_freq(MODE_STOP, 0);
396 }
397 
398 /* This is separate from startrtclock() so that it can be called early. */
399 void
400 i8254_init(void)
401 {
402 
403 	set_i8254_freq(MODE_STOP, 0);
404 }
405 
406 void
407 startrtclock(void)
408 {
409 
410 	start_TSC();
411 }
412 
413 void
414 cpu_initclocks(void)
415 {
416 #ifdef EARLY_AP_STARTUP
417 	struct thread *td;
418 	int i;
419 
420 	td = curthread;
421 
422 	tsc_calibrate();
423 #ifdef DEV_APIC
424 	lapic_calibrate_timer();
425 #endif
426 	cpu_initclocks_bsp();
427 	CPU_FOREACH(i) {
428 		if (i == 0)
429 			continue;
430 		thread_lock(td);
431 		sched_bind(td, i);
432 		thread_unlock(td);
433 		cpu_initclocks_ap();
434 	}
435 	thread_lock(td);
436 	if (sched_is_bound(td))
437 		sched_unbind(td);
438 	thread_unlock(td);
439 #else
440 	tsc_calibrate();
441 #ifdef DEV_APIC
442 	lapic_calibrate_timer();
443 #endif
444 	cpu_initclocks_bsp();
445 #endif
446 }
447 
448 static int
449 sysctl_machdep_i8254_freq(SYSCTL_HANDLER_ARGS)
450 {
451 	int error;
452 	u_int freq;
453 
454 	/*
455 	 * Use `i8254' instead of `timer' in external names because `timer'
456 	 * is too generic.  Should use it everywhere.
457 	 */
458 	freq = i8254_freq;
459 	error = sysctl_handle_int(oidp, &freq, 0, req);
460 	if (error == 0 && req->newptr != NULL) {
461 		i8254_freq = freq;
462 		if (attimer_sc != NULL) {
463 			set_i8254_freq(attimer_sc->mode, attimer_sc->period);
464 			attimer_sc->tc.tc_frequency = freq;
465 		} else {
466 			set_i8254_freq(MODE_STOP, 0);
467 		}
468 	}
469 	return (error);
470 }
471 
472 SYSCTL_PROC(_machdep, OID_AUTO, i8254_freq,
473     CTLTYPE_INT | CTLFLAG_RW | CTLFLAG_MPSAFE,
474     0, sizeof(u_int), sysctl_machdep_i8254_freq, "IU",
475     "i8254 timer frequency");
476 
477 static unsigned
478 i8254_get_timecount(struct timecounter *tc)
479 {
480 	device_t dev = (device_t)tc->tc_priv;
481 	struct attimer_softc *sc = device_get_softc(dev);
482 	register_t flags;
483 	uint16_t count;
484 	u_int high, low;
485 
486 	if (sc->period == 0)
487 		return (i8254_max_count - getit());
488 
489 #ifdef __amd64__
490 	flags = read_rflags();
491 #else
492 	flags = read_eflags();
493 #endif
494 	mtx_lock_spin(&clock_lock);
495 
496 	/* Select timer0 and latch counter value. */
497 	outb(TIMER_MODE, TIMER_SEL0 | TIMER_LATCH);
498 
499 	low = inb(TIMER_CNTR0);
500 	high = inb(TIMER_CNTR0);
501 	count = i8254_max_count - ((high << 8) | low);
502 	if (count < i8254_lastcount ||
503 	    (!i8254_ticked && (clkintr_pending ||
504 	    ((count < 20 || (!(flags & PSL_I) &&
505 	    count < i8254_max_count / 2u)) &&
506 	    i8254_pending != NULL && i8254_pending(i8254_intsrc))))) {
507 		i8254_ticked = 1;
508 		i8254_offset += i8254_max_count;
509 	}
510 	i8254_lastcount = count;
511 	count += i8254_offset;
512 	mtx_unlock_spin(&clock_lock);
513 	return (count);
514 }
515 
516 static int
517 attimer_start(struct eventtimer *et, sbintime_t first, sbintime_t period)
518 {
519 	device_t dev = (device_t)et->et_priv;
520 	struct attimer_softc *sc = device_get_softc(dev);
521 
522 	if (period != 0) {
523 		sc->mode = MODE_PERIODIC;
524 		sc->period = period;
525 	} else {
526 		sc->mode = MODE_ONESHOT;
527 		sc->period = first;
528 	}
529 	if (!sc->intr_en) {
530 		i8254_intsrc->is_pic->pic_enable_source(i8254_intsrc);
531 		sc->intr_en = 1;
532 	}
533 	set_i8254_freq(sc->mode, sc->period);
534 	return (0);
535 }
536 
537 static int
538 attimer_stop(struct eventtimer *et)
539 {
540 	device_t dev = (device_t)et->et_priv;
541 	struct attimer_softc *sc = device_get_softc(dev);
542 
543 	sc->mode = MODE_STOP;
544 	sc->period = 0;
545 	set_i8254_freq(sc->mode, sc->period);
546 	return (0);
547 }
548 
549 #ifdef DEV_ISA
550 /*
551  * Attach to the ISA PnP descriptors for the timer
552  */
553 static struct isa_pnp_id attimer_ids[] = {
554 	{ 0x0001d041 /* PNP0100 */, "AT timer" },
555 	{ 0 }
556 };
557 
558 static int
559 attimer_probe(device_t dev)
560 {
561 	int result;
562 
563 	result = ISA_PNP_PROBE(device_get_parent(dev), dev, attimer_ids);
564 	/* ENOENT means no PnP-ID, device is hinted. */
565 	if (result == ENOENT) {
566 		device_set_desc(dev, "AT timer");
567 		return (BUS_PROBE_LOW_PRIORITY);
568 	}
569 	return (result);
570 }
571 
572 static int
573 attimer_attach(device_t dev)
574 {
575 	struct attimer_softc *sc;
576 	rman_res_t s;
577 	int i;
578 
579 	attimer_sc = sc = device_get_softc(dev);
580 	bzero(sc, sizeof(struct attimer_softc));
581 	if (!(sc->port_res = bus_alloc_resource(dev, SYS_RES_IOPORT,
582 	    &sc->port_rid, IO_TIMER1, IO_TIMER1 + 3, 4, RF_ACTIVE)))
583 		device_printf(dev,"Warning: Couldn't map I/O.\n");
584 	i8254_intsrc = intr_lookup_source(0);
585 	if (i8254_intsrc != NULL)
586 		i8254_pending = i8254_intsrc->is_pic->pic_source_pending;
587 	resource_int_value(device_get_name(dev), device_get_unit(dev),
588 	    "timecounter", &i8254_timecounter);
589 	set_i8254_freq(MODE_STOP, 0);
590 	if (i8254_timecounter) {
591 		sc->tc.tc_get_timecount = i8254_get_timecount;
592 		sc->tc.tc_counter_mask = 0xffff;
593 		sc->tc.tc_frequency = i8254_freq;
594 		sc->tc.tc_name = "i8254";
595 		sc->tc.tc_quality = 0;
596 		sc->tc.tc_priv = dev;
597 		tc_init(&sc->tc);
598 	}
599 	if (resource_int_value(device_get_name(dev), device_get_unit(dev),
600 	    "clock", &i) != 0 || i != 0) {
601 	    	sc->intr_rid = 0;
602 		while (bus_get_resource(dev, SYS_RES_IRQ, sc->intr_rid,
603 		    &s, NULL) == 0 && s != 0)
604 			sc->intr_rid++;
605 		if (!(sc->intr_res = bus_alloc_resource(dev, SYS_RES_IRQ,
606 		    &sc->intr_rid, 0, 0, 1, RF_ACTIVE))) {
607 			device_printf(dev,"Can't map interrupt.\n");
608 			return (0);
609 		}
610 		/* Dirty hack, to make bus_setup_intr to not enable source. */
611 		i8254_intsrc->is_handlers++;
612 		if ((bus_setup_intr(dev, sc->intr_res,
613 		    INTR_MPSAFE | INTR_TYPE_CLK,
614 		    (driver_filter_t *)clkintr, NULL,
615 		    sc, &sc->intr_handler))) {
616 			device_printf(dev, "Can't setup interrupt.\n");
617 			i8254_intsrc->is_handlers--;
618 			return (0);
619 		}
620 		i8254_intsrc->is_handlers--;
621 		i8254_intsrc->is_pic->pic_enable_intr(i8254_intsrc);
622 		sc->et.et_name = "i8254";
623 		sc->et.et_flags = ET_FLAGS_PERIODIC;
624 		if (!i8254_timecounter)
625 			sc->et.et_flags |= ET_FLAGS_ONESHOT;
626 		sc->et.et_quality = 100;
627 		sc->et.et_frequency = i8254_freq;
628 		sc->et.et_min_period = (0x0002LLU << 32) / i8254_freq;
629 		sc->et.et_max_period = (0xfffeLLU << 32) / i8254_freq;
630 		sc->et.et_start = attimer_start;
631 		sc->et.et_stop = attimer_stop;
632 		sc->et.et_priv = dev;
633 		et_register(&sc->et);
634 	}
635 	return(0);
636 }
637 
638 static int
639 attimer_resume(device_t dev)
640 {
641 
642 	i8254_restore();
643 	return (0);
644 }
645 
646 static device_method_t attimer_methods[] = {
647 	/* Device interface */
648 	DEVMETHOD(device_probe,		attimer_probe),
649 	DEVMETHOD(device_attach,	attimer_attach),
650 	DEVMETHOD(device_detach,	bus_generic_detach),
651 	DEVMETHOD(device_shutdown,	bus_generic_shutdown),
652 	DEVMETHOD(device_suspend,	bus_generic_suspend),
653 	DEVMETHOD(device_resume,	attimer_resume),
654 	{ 0, 0 }
655 };
656 
657 static driver_t attimer_driver = {
658 	"attimer",
659 	attimer_methods,
660 	sizeof(struct attimer_softc),
661 };
662 
663 DRIVER_MODULE(attimer, isa, attimer_driver, 0, 0);
664 DRIVER_MODULE(attimer, acpi, attimer_driver, 0, 0);
665 ISA_PNP_INFO(attimer_ids);
666 
667 #endif /* DEV_ISA */
668