xref: /freebsd/sys/vm/vnode_pager.c (revision df7f5d4de4592a8948a25ce01e5bddfbb7ce39dc)
1 /*
2  * Copyright (c) 1990 University of Utah.
3  * Copyright (c) 1991 The Regents of the University of California.
4  * All rights reserved.
5  * Copyright (c) 1993, 1994 John S. Dyson
6  * Copyright (c) 1995, David Greenman
7  *
8  * This code is derived from software contributed to Berkeley by
9  * the Systems Programming Group of the University of Utah Computer
10  * Science Department.
11  *
12  * Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
13  * modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions
14  * are met:
15  * 1. Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright
16  *    notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
17  * 2. Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above copyright
18  *    notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer in the
19  *    documentation and/or other materials provided with the distribution.
20  * 3. All advertising materials mentioning features or use of this software
21  *    must display the following acknowledgement:
22  *	This product includes software developed by the University of
23  *	California, Berkeley and its contributors.
24  * 4. Neither the name of the University nor the names of its contributors
25  *    may be used to endorse or promote products derived from this software
26  *    without specific prior written permission.
27  *
28  * THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE REGENTS AND CONTRIBUTORS ``AS IS'' AND
29  * ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, THE
30  * IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE
31  * ARE DISCLAIMED.  IN NO EVENT SHALL THE REGENTS OR CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE
32  * FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL, SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL
33  * DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS
34  * OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE, DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION)
35  * HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT
36  * LIABILITY, OR TORT (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY
37  * OUT OF THE USE OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF
38  * SUCH DAMAGE.
39  *
40  *	from: @(#)vnode_pager.c	7.5 (Berkeley) 4/20/91
41  *	$Id: vnode_pager.c,v 1.69 1997/02/22 09:48:42 peter Exp $
42  */
43 
44 /*
45  * Page to/from files (vnodes).
46  */
47 
48 /*
49  * TODO:
50  *	Implement VOP_GETPAGES/PUTPAGES interface for filesystems. Will
51  *	greatly re-simplify the vnode_pager.
52  */
53 
54 #include <sys/param.h>
55 #include <sys/systm.h>
56 #include <sys/kernel.h>
57 #include <sys/proc.h>
58 #include <sys/malloc.h>
59 #include <sys/vnode.h>
60 #include <sys/uio.h>
61 #include <sys/mount.h>
62 #include <sys/buf.h>
63 #include <sys/vmmeter.h>
64 
65 #include <vm/vm.h>
66 #include <vm/vm_param.h>
67 #include <vm/vm_prot.h>
68 #include <vm/vm_object.h>
69 #include <vm/vm_page.h>
70 #include <vm/vm_pager.h>
71 #include <vm/vnode_pager.h>
72 #include <vm/vm_extern.h>
73 
74 static vm_offset_t vnode_pager_addr __P((struct vnode *vp, vm_ooffset_t address,
75 					 int *run));
76 static void vnode_pager_iodone __P((struct buf *bp));
77 static int vnode_pager_input_smlfs __P((vm_object_t object, vm_page_t m));
78 static int vnode_pager_input_old __P((vm_object_t object, vm_page_t m));
79 static void vnode_pager_dealloc __P((vm_object_t));
80 static int vnode_pager_getpages __P((vm_object_t, vm_page_t *, int, int));
81 static int vnode_pager_putpages __P((vm_object_t, vm_page_t *, int, boolean_t, int *));
82 static boolean_t vnode_pager_haspage __P((vm_object_t, vm_pindex_t, int *, int *));
83 
84 struct pagerops vnodepagerops = {
85 	NULL,
86 	vnode_pager_alloc,
87 	vnode_pager_dealloc,
88 	vnode_pager_getpages,
89 	vnode_pager_putpages,
90 	vnode_pager_haspage,
91 	NULL
92 };
93 
94 static int vnode_pager_leaf_getpages __P((vm_object_t object, vm_page_t *m,
95 					  int count, int reqpage));
96 static int vnode_pager_leaf_putpages __P((vm_object_t object, vm_page_t *m,
97 					  int count, boolean_t sync,
98 					  int *rtvals));
99 
100 /*
101  * Allocate (or lookup) pager for a vnode.
102  * Handle is a vnode pointer.
103  */
104 vm_object_t
105 vnode_pager_alloc(handle, size, prot, offset)
106 	void *handle;
107 	vm_size_t size;
108 	vm_prot_t prot;
109 	vm_ooffset_t offset;
110 {
111 	vm_object_t object;
112 	struct vnode *vp;
113 
114 	/*
115 	 * Pageout to vnode, no can do yet.
116 	 */
117 	if (handle == NULL)
118 		return (NULL);
119 
120 	vp = (struct vnode *) handle;
121 
122 	/*
123 	 * Prevent race condition when allocating the object. This
124 	 * can happen with NFS vnodes since the nfsnode isn't locked.
125 	 */
126 	while (vp->v_flag & VOLOCK) {
127 		vp->v_flag |= VOWANT;
128 		tsleep(vp, PVM, "vnpobj", 0);
129 	}
130 	vp->v_flag |= VOLOCK;
131 
132 	/*
133 	 * If the object is being terminated, wait for it to
134 	 * go away.
135 	 */
136 	while (((object = vp->v_object) != NULL) &&
137 		(object->flags & OBJ_DEAD)) {
138 		tsleep(object, PVM, "vadead", 0);
139 	}
140 
141 	if (object == NULL) {
142 		/*
143 		 * And an object of the appropriate size
144 		 */
145 		object = vm_object_allocate(OBJT_VNODE, size);
146 		if (vp->v_type == VREG)
147 			object->flags = OBJ_CANPERSIST;
148 		else
149 			object->flags = 0;
150 
151 		if (vp->v_usecount == 0)
152 			panic("vnode_pager_alloc: no vnode reference");
153 		/*
154 		 * Hold a reference to the vnode and initialize object data.
155 		 */
156 		vp->v_usecount++;
157 		object->un_pager.vnp.vnp_size = (vm_ooffset_t) size * PAGE_SIZE;
158 
159 		object->handle = handle;
160 		vp->v_object = object;
161 	} else {
162 		/*
163 		 * vm_object_reference() will remove the object from the cache if
164 		 * found and gain a reference to the object.
165 		 */
166 		vm_object_reference(object);
167 	}
168 
169 	if (vp->v_type == VREG)
170 		vp->v_flag |= VVMIO;
171 
172 	vp->v_flag &= ~VOLOCK;
173 	if (vp->v_flag & VOWANT) {
174 		vp->v_flag &= ~VOWANT;
175 		wakeup(vp);
176 	}
177 	return (object);
178 }
179 
180 static void
181 vnode_pager_dealloc(object)
182 	vm_object_t object;
183 {
184 	register struct vnode *vp = object->handle;
185 
186 	if (vp == NULL)
187 		panic("vnode_pager_dealloc: pager already dealloced");
188 
189 	if (object->paging_in_progress) {
190 		int s = splbio();
191 		while (object->paging_in_progress) {
192 			object->flags |= OBJ_PIPWNT;
193 			tsleep(object, PVM, "vnpdea", 0);
194 		}
195 		splx(s);
196 	}
197 
198 	object->handle = NULL;
199 
200 	vp->v_object = NULL;
201 	vp->v_flag &= ~(VTEXT | VVMIO);
202 	vp->v_flag |= VAGE;
203 	vrele(vp);
204 }
205 
206 static boolean_t
207 vnode_pager_haspage(object, pindex, before, after)
208 	vm_object_t object;
209 	vm_pindex_t pindex;
210 	int *before;
211 	int *after;
212 {
213 	struct vnode *vp = object->handle;
214 	daddr_t bn;
215 	int err;
216 	daddr_t reqblock;
217 	int poff;
218 	int bsize;
219 	int pagesperblock, blocksperpage;
220 
221 	/*
222 	 * If filesystem no longer mounted or offset beyond end of file we do
223 	 * not have the page.
224 	 */
225 	if ((vp->v_mount == NULL) ||
226 		(IDX_TO_OFF(pindex) >= object->un_pager.vnp.vnp_size))
227 		return FALSE;
228 
229 	bsize = vp->v_mount->mnt_stat.f_iosize;
230 	pagesperblock = bsize / PAGE_SIZE;
231 	blocksperpage = 0;
232 	if (pagesperblock > 0) {
233 		reqblock = pindex / pagesperblock;
234 	} else {
235 		blocksperpage = (PAGE_SIZE / bsize);
236 		reqblock = pindex * blocksperpage;
237 	}
238 	err = VOP_BMAP(vp, reqblock, (struct vnode **) 0, &bn,
239 		after, before);
240 	if (err)
241 		return TRUE;
242 	if ( bn == -1)
243 		return FALSE;
244 	if (pagesperblock > 0) {
245 		poff = pindex - (reqblock * pagesperblock);
246 		if (before) {
247 			*before *= pagesperblock;
248 			*before += poff;
249 		}
250 		if (after) {
251 			int numafter;
252 			*after *= pagesperblock;
253 			numafter = pagesperblock - (poff + 1);
254 			if (IDX_TO_OFF(pindex + numafter) > object->un_pager.vnp.vnp_size) {
255 				numafter = OFF_TO_IDX((object->un_pager.vnp.vnp_size - IDX_TO_OFF(pindex)));
256 			}
257 			*after += numafter;
258 		}
259 	} else {
260 		if (before) {
261 			*before /= blocksperpage;
262 		}
263 
264 		if (after) {
265 			*after /= blocksperpage;
266 		}
267 	}
268 	return TRUE;
269 }
270 
271 /*
272  * Lets the VM system know about a change in size for a file.
273  * We adjust our own internal size and flush any cached pages in
274  * the associated object that are affected by the size change.
275  *
276  * Note: this routine may be invoked as a result of a pager put
277  * operation (possibly at object termination time), so we must be careful.
278  */
279 void
280 vnode_pager_setsize(vp, nsize)
281 	struct vnode *vp;
282 	vm_ooffset_t nsize;
283 {
284 	vm_object_t object = vp->v_object;
285 
286 	if (object == NULL)
287 		return;
288 
289 	/*
290 	 * Hasn't changed size
291 	 */
292 	if (nsize == object->un_pager.vnp.vnp_size)
293 		return;
294 
295 	/*
296 	 * File has shrunk. Toss any cached pages beyond the new EOF.
297 	 */
298 	if (nsize < object->un_pager.vnp.vnp_size) {
299 		vm_ooffset_t nsizerounded;
300 		nsizerounded = IDX_TO_OFF(OFF_TO_IDX(nsize + PAGE_MASK));
301 		if (nsizerounded < object->un_pager.vnp.vnp_size) {
302 			vm_object_page_remove(object,
303 				OFF_TO_IDX(nsize + PAGE_MASK),
304 				OFF_TO_IDX(object->un_pager.vnp.vnp_size),
305 				FALSE);
306 		}
307 		/*
308 		 * this gets rid of garbage at the end of a page that is now
309 		 * only partially backed by the vnode...
310 		 */
311 		if (nsize & PAGE_MASK) {
312 			vm_offset_t kva;
313 			vm_page_t m;
314 
315 			m = vm_page_lookup(object, OFF_TO_IDX(nsize));
316 			if (m) {
317 				kva = vm_pager_map_page(m);
318 				bzero((caddr_t) kva + (nsize & PAGE_MASK),
319 				    (int) (round_page(nsize) - nsize));
320 				vm_pager_unmap_page(kva);
321 			}
322 		}
323 	}
324 	object->un_pager.vnp.vnp_size = nsize;
325 	object->size = OFF_TO_IDX(nsize + PAGE_MASK);
326 }
327 
328 void
329 vnode_pager_umount(mp)
330 	register struct mount *mp;
331 {
332 	struct proc *p = curproc;	/* XXX */
333 	struct vnode *vp, *nvp;
334 
335 loop:
336 	for (vp = mp->mnt_vnodelist.lh_first; vp != NULL; vp = nvp) {
337 		/*
338 		 * Vnode can be reclaimed by getnewvnode() while we
339 		 * traverse the list.
340 		 */
341 		if (vp->v_mount != mp)
342 			goto loop;
343 
344 		/*
345 		 * Save the next pointer now since uncaching may terminate the
346 		 * object and render vnode invalid
347 		 */
348 		nvp = vp->v_mntvnodes.le_next;
349 
350 		if (vp->v_object != NULL) {
351 			vn_lock(vp, LK_EXCLUSIVE | LK_RETRY, p);
352 			vnode_pager_uncache(vp, p);
353 			VOP_UNLOCK(vp, 0, p);
354 		}
355 	}
356 }
357 
358 /*
359  * Remove vnode associated object from the object cache.
360  * This routine must be called with the vnode locked.
361  *
362  * XXX unlock the vnode.
363  * We must do this since uncaching the object may result in its
364  * destruction which may initiate paging activity which may necessitate
365  * re-locking the vnode.
366  */
367 void
368 vnode_pager_uncache(vp, p)
369 	struct vnode *vp;
370 	struct proc *p;
371 {
372 	vm_object_t object;
373 
374 	/*
375 	 * Not a mapped vnode
376 	 */
377 	object = vp->v_object;
378 	if (object == NULL)
379 		return;
380 
381 	vm_object_reference(object);
382 
383 	/*
384 	 * XXX We really should handle locking on
385 	 * VBLK devices...
386 	 */
387 	if (vp->v_type != VBLK)
388 		VOP_UNLOCK(vp, 0, p);
389 	pager_cache(object, FALSE);
390 	if (vp->v_type != VBLK)
391 		vn_lock(vp, LK_EXCLUSIVE | LK_RETRY, p);
392 	return;
393 }
394 
395 
396 void
397 vnode_pager_freepage(m)
398 	vm_page_t m;
399 {
400 	PAGE_WAKEUP(m);
401 	vm_page_free(m);
402 }
403 
404 /*
405  * calculate the linear (byte) disk address of specified virtual
406  * file address
407  */
408 static vm_offset_t
409 vnode_pager_addr(vp, address, run)
410 	struct vnode *vp;
411 	vm_ooffset_t address;
412 	int *run;
413 {
414 	int rtaddress;
415 	int bsize;
416 	daddr_t block;
417 	struct vnode *rtvp;
418 	int err;
419 	daddr_t vblock;
420 	int voffset;
421 
422 	if ((int) address < 0)
423 		return -1;
424 
425 	if (vp->v_mount == NULL)
426 		return -1;
427 
428 	bsize = vp->v_mount->mnt_stat.f_iosize;
429 	vblock = address / bsize;
430 	voffset = address % bsize;
431 
432 	err = VOP_BMAP(vp, vblock, &rtvp, &block, run, NULL);
433 
434 	if (err || (block == -1))
435 		rtaddress = -1;
436 	else {
437 		rtaddress = block + voffset / DEV_BSIZE;
438 		if( run) {
439 			*run += 1;
440 			*run *= bsize/PAGE_SIZE;
441 			*run -= voffset/PAGE_SIZE;
442 		}
443 	}
444 
445 	return rtaddress;
446 }
447 
448 /*
449  * interrupt routine for I/O completion
450  */
451 static void
452 vnode_pager_iodone(bp)
453 	struct buf *bp;
454 {
455 	bp->b_flags |= B_DONE;
456 	wakeup(bp);
457 }
458 
459 /*
460  * small block file system vnode pager input
461  */
462 static int
463 vnode_pager_input_smlfs(object, m)
464 	vm_object_t object;
465 	vm_page_t m;
466 {
467 	int i;
468 	int s;
469 	struct vnode *dp, *vp;
470 	struct buf *bp;
471 	vm_offset_t kva;
472 	int fileaddr;
473 	vm_offset_t bsize;
474 	int error = 0;
475 
476 	vp = object->handle;
477 	if (vp->v_mount == NULL)
478 		return VM_PAGER_BAD;
479 
480 	bsize = vp->v_mount->mnt_stat.f_iosize;
481 
482 
483 	VOP_BMAP(vp, 0, &dp, 0, NULL, NULL);
484 
485 	kva = vm_pager_map_page(m);
486 
487 	for (i = 0; i < PAGE_SIZE / bsize; i++) {
488 
489 		if ((vm_page_bits(IDX_TO_OFF(m->pindex) + i * bsize, bsize) & m->valid))
490 			continue;
491 
492 		fileaddr = vnode_pager_addr(vp,
493 			IDX_TO_OFF(m->pindex) + i * bsize, (int *)0);
494 		if (fileaddr != -1) {
495 			bp = getpbuf();
496 
497 			/* build a minimal buffer header */
498 			bp->b_flags = B_BUSY | B_READ | B_CALL;
499 			bp->b_iodone = vnode_pager_iodone;
500 			bp->b_proc = curproc;
501 			bp->b_rcred = bp->b_wcred = bp->b_proc->p_ucred;
502 			if (bp->b_rcred != NOCRED)
503 				crhold(bp->b_rcred);
504 			if (bp->b_wcred != NOCRED)
505 				crhold(bp->b_wcred);
506 			bp->b_un.b_addr = (caddr_t) kva + i * bsize;
507 			bp->b_blkno = fileaddr;
508 			pbgetvp(dp, bp);
509 			bp->b_bcount = bsize;
510 			bp->b_bufsize = bsize;
511 
512 			/* do the input */
513 			VOP_STRATEGY(bp);
514 
515 			/* we definitely need to be at splbio here */
516 
517 			s = splbio();
518 			while ((bp->b_flags & B_DONE) == 0) {
519 				tsleep(bp, PVM, "vnsrd", 0);
520 			}
521 			splx(s);
522 			if ((bp->b_flags & B_ERROR) != 0)
523 				error = EIO;
524 
525 			/*
526 			 * free the buffer header back to the swap buffer pool
527 			 */
528 			relpbuf(bp);
529 			if (error)
530 				break;
531 
532 			vm_page_set_validclean(m, (i * bsize) & PAGE_MASK, bsize);
533 		} else {
534 			vm_page_set_validclean(m, (i * bsize) & PAGE_MASK, bsize);
535 			bzero((caddr_t) kva + i * bsize, bsize);
536 		}
537 	}
538 	vm_pager_unmap_page(kva);
539 	pmap_clear_modify(VM_PAGE_TO_PHYS(m));
540 	m->flags &= ~PG_ZERO;
541 	if (error) {
542 		return VM_PAGER_ERROR;
543 	}
544 	return VM_PAGER_OK;
545 
546 }
547 
548 
549 /*
550  * old style vnode pager output routine
551  */
552 static int
553 vnode_pager_input_old(object, m)
554 	vm_object_t object;
555 	vm_page_t m;
556 {
557 	struct uio auio;
558 	struct iovec aiov;
559 	int error;
560 	int size;
561 	vm_offset_t kva;
562 
563 	error = 0;
564 
565 	/*
566 	 * Return failure if beyond current EOF
567 	 */
568 	if (IDX_TO_OFF(m->pindex) >= object->un_pager.vnp.vnp_size) {
569 		return VM_PAGER_BAD;
570 	} else {
571 		size = PAGE_SIZE;
572 		if (IDX_TO_OFF(m->pindex) + size > object->un_pager.vnp.vnp_size)
573 			size = object->un_pager.vnp.vnp_size - IDX_TO_OFF(m->pindex);
574 
575 		/*
576 		 * Allocate a kernel virtual address and initialize so that
577 		 * we can use VOP_READ/WRITE routines.
578 		 */
579 		kva = vm_pager_map_page(m);
580 
581 		aiov.iov_base = (caddr_t) kva;
582 		aiov.iov_len = size;
583 		auio.uio_iov = &aiov;
584 		auio.uio_iovcnt = 1;
585 		auio.uio_offset = IDX_TO_OFF(m->pindex);
586 		auio.uio_segflg = UIO_SYSSPACE;
587 		auio.uio_rw = UIO_READ;
588 		auio.uio_resid = size;
589 		auio.uio_procp = (struct proc *) 0;
590 
591 		error = VOP_READ(object->handle, &auio, 0, curproc->p_ucred);
592 		if (!error) {
593 			register int count = size - auio.uio_resid;
594 
595 			if (count == 0)
596 				error = EINVAL;
597 			else if (count != PAGE_SIZE)
598 				bzero((caddr_t) kva + count, PAGE_SIZE - count);
599 		}
600 		vm_pager_unmap_page(kva);
601 	}
602 	pmap_clear_modify(VM_PAGE_TO_PHYS(m));
603 	m->dirty = 0;
604 	m->flags &= ~PG_ZERO;
605 	return error ? VM_PAGER_ERROR : VM_PAGER_OK;
606 }
607 
608 /*
609  * generic vnode pager input routine
610  */
611 
612 static int
613 vnode_pager_getpages(object, m, count, reqpage)
614 	vm_object_t object;
615 	vm_page_t *m;
616 	int count;
617 	int reqpage;
618 {
619 	int rtval;
620 	struct vnode *vp;
621 	if (object->flags & OBJ_VNODE_GONE)
622 		return VM_PAGER_ERROR;
623 	vp = object->handle;
624 	rtval = VOP_GETPAGES(vp, m, count*PAGE_SIZE, reqpage, 0);
625 	if (rtval == EOPNOTSUPP)
626 		return vnode_pager_leaf_getpages(object, m, count, reqpage);
627 	else
628 		return rtval;
629 }
630 
631 static int
632 vnode_pager_leaf_getpages(object, m, count, reqpage)
633 	vm_object_t object;
634 	vm_page_t *m;
635 	int count;
636 	int reqpage;
637 {
638 	vm_offset_t kva;
639 	off_t foff;
640 	int i, size, bsize, first, firstaddr;
641 	struct vnode *dp, *vp;
642 	int runpg;
643 	int runend;
644 	struct buf *bp;
645 	int s;
646 	int error = 0;
647 
648 	vp = object->handle;
649 	if (vp->v_mount == NULL)
650 		return VM_PAGER_BAD;
651 
652 	bsize = vp->v_mount->mnt_stat.f_iosize;
653 
654 	/* get the UNDERLYING device for the file with VOP_BMAP() */
655 
656 	/*
657 	 * originally, we did not check for an error return value -- assuming
658 	 * an fs always has a bmap entry point -- that assumption is wrong!!!
659 	 */
660 	foff = IDX_TO_OFF(m[reqpage]->pindex);
661 
662 	/*
663 	 * if we can't bmap, use old VOP code
664 	 */
665 	if (VOP_BMAP(vp, 0, &dp, 0, NULL, NULL)) {
666 		for (i = 0; i < count; i++) {
667 			if (i != reqpage) {
668 				vnode_pager_freepage(m[i]);
669 			}
670 		}
671 		cnt.v_vnodein++;
672 		cnt.v_vnodepgsin++;
673 		return vnode_pager_input_old(object, m[reqpage]);
674 
675 		/*
676 		 * if the blocksize is smaller than a page size, then use
677 		 * special small filesystem code.  NFS sometimes has a small
678 		 * blocksize, but it can handle large reads itself.
679 		 */
680 	} else if ((PAGE_SIZE / bsize) > 1 &&
681 	    (vp->v_mount->mnt_stat.f_type != MOUNT_NFS)) {
682 
683 		for (i = 0; i < count; i++) {
684 			if (i != reqpage) {
685 				vnode_pager_freepage(m[i]);
686 			}
687 		}
688 		cnt.v_vnodein++;
689 		cnt.v_vnodepgsin++;
690 		return vnode_pager_input_smlfs(object, m[reqpage]);
691 	}
692 	/*
693 	 * if ANY DEV_BSIZE blocks are valid on a large filesystem block
694 	 * then, the entire page is valid --
695 	 */
696 	if (m[reqpage]->valid) {
697 		m[reqpage]->valid = VM_PAGE_BITS_ALL;
698 		for (i = 0; i < count; i++) {
699 			if (i != reqpage)
700 				vnode_pager_freepage(m[i]);
701 		}
702 		return VM_PAGER_OK;
703 	}
704 
705 	/*
706 	 * here on direct device I/O
707 	 */
708 
709 	firstaddr = -1;
710 	/*
711 	 * calculate the run that includes the required page
712 	 */
713 	for(first = 0, i = 0; i < count; i = runend) {
714 		firstaddr = vnode_pager_addr(vp,
715 			IDX_TO_OFF(m[i]->pindex), &runpg);
716 		if (firstaddr == -1) {
717 			if (i == reqpage && foff < object->un_pager.vnp.vnp_size) {
718 				panic("vnode_pager_putpages: unexpected missing page: firstaddr: %d, foff: %ld, vnp_size: %d",
719 			   	 firstaddr, foff, object->un_pager.vnp.vnp_size);
720 			}
721 			vnode_pager_freepage(m[i]);
722 			runend = i + 1;
723 			first = runend;
724 			continue;
725 		}
726 		runend = i + runpg;
727 		if (runend <= reqpage) {
728 			int j;
729 			for (j = i; j < runend; j++) {
730 				vnode_pager_freepage(m[j]);
731 			}
732 		} else {
733 			if (runpg < (count - first)) {
734 				for (i = first + runpg; i < count; i++)
735 					vnode_pager_freepage(m[i]);
736 				count = first + runpg;
737 			}
738 			break;
739 		}
740 		first = runend;
741 	}
742 
743 	/*
744 	 * the first and last page have been calculated now, move input pages
745 	 * to be zero based...
746 	 */
747 	if (first != 0) {
748 		for (i = first; i < count; i++) {
749 			m[i - first] = m[i];
750 		}
751 		count -= first;
752 		reqpage -= first;
753 	}
754 
755 	/*
756 	 * calculate the file virtual address for the transfer
757 	 */
758 	foff = IDX_TO_OFF(m[0]->pindex);
759 
760 	/*
761 	 * calculate the size of the transfer
762 	 */
763 	size = count * PAGE_SIZE;
764 	if ((foff + size) > object->un_pager.vnp.vnp_size)
765 		size = object->un_pager.vnp.vnp_size - foff;
766 
767 	/*
768 	 * round up physical size for real devices
769 	 */
770 	if (dp->v_type == VBLK || dp->v_type == VCHR)
771 		size = (size + DEV_BSIZE - 1) & ~(DEV_BSIZE - 1);
772 
773 	bp = getpbuf();
774 	kva = (vm_offset_t) bp->b_data;
775 
776 	/*
777 	 * and map the pages to be read into the kva
778 	 */
779 	pmap_qenter(kva, m, count);
780 
781 	/* build a minimal buffer header */
782 	bp->b_flags = B_BUSY | B_READ | B_CALL;
783 	bp->b_iodone = vnode_pager_iodone;
784 	/* B_PHYS is not set, but it is nice to fill this in */
785 	bp->b_proc = curproc;
786 	bp->b_rcred = bp->b_wcred = bp->b_proc->p_ucred;
787 	if (bp->b_rcred != NOCRED)
788 		crhold(bp->b_rcred);
789 	if (bp->b_wcred != NOCRED)
790 		crhold(bp->b_wcred);
791 	bp->b_blkno = firstaddr;
792 	pbgetvp(dp, bp);
793 	bp->b_bcount = size;
794 	bp->b_bufsize = size;
795 
796 	cnt.v_vnodein++;
797 	cnt.v_vnodepgsin += count;
798 
799 	/* do the input */
800 	VOP_STRATEGY(bp);
801 
802 	s = splbio();
803 	/* we definitely need to be at splbio here */
804 
805 	while ((bp->b_flags & B_DONE) == 0) {
806 		tsleep(bp, PVM, "vnread", 0);
807 	}
808 	splx(s);
809 	if ((bp->b_flags & B_ERROR) != 0)
810 		error = EIO;
811 
812 	if (!error) {
813 		if (size != count * PAGE_SIZE)
814 			bzero((caddr_t) kva + size, PAGE_SIZE * count - size);
815 	}
816 	pmap_qremove(kva, count);
817 
818 	/*
819 	 * free the buffer header back to the swap buffer pool
820 	 */
821 	relpbuf(bp);
822 
823 	for (i = 0; i < count; i++) {
824 		pmap_clear_modify(VM_PAGE_TO_PHYS(m[i]));
825 		m[i]->dirty = 0;
826 		m[i]->valid = VM_PAGE_BITS_ALL;
827 		m[i]->flags &= ~PG_ZERO;
828 		if (i != reqpage) {
829 
830 			/*
831 			 * whether or not to leave the page activated is up in
832 			 * the air, but we should put the page on a page queue
833 			 * somewhere. (it already is in the object). Result:
834 			 * It appears that emperical results show that
835 			 * deactivating pages is best.
836 			 */
837 
838 			/*
839 			 * just in case someone was asking for this page we
840 			 * now tell them that it is ok to use
841 			 */
842 			if (!error) {
843 				vm_page_deactivate(m[i]);
844 				PAGE_WAKEUP(m[i]);
845 			} else {
846 				vnode_pager_freepage(m[i]);
847 			}
848 		}
849 	}
850 	if (error) {
851 		printf("vnode_pager_getpages: I/O read error\n");
852 	}
853 	return (error ? VM_PAGER_ERROR : VM_PAGER_OK);
854 }
855 
856 static int
857 vnode_pager_putpages(object, m, count, sync, rtvals)
858 	vm_object_t object;
859 	vm_page_t *m;
860 	int count;
861 	boolean_t sync;
862 	int *rtvals;
863 {
864 	int rtval;
865 	struct vnode *vp;
866 
867 	if (object->flags & OBJ_VNODE_GONE)
868 		return VM_PAGER_ERROR;
869 
870 	vp = object->handle;
871 	rtval = VOP_PUTPAGES(vp, m, count*PAGE_SIZE, sync, rtvals, 0);
872 	if (rtval == EOPNOTSUPP)
873 		return vnode_pager_leaf_putpages(object, m, count, sync, rtvals);
874 	else
875 		return rtval;
876 }
877 
878 /*
879  * generic vnode pager output routine
880  */
881 static int
882 vnode_pager_leaf_putpages(object, m, count, sync, rtvals)
883 	vm_object_t object;
884 	vm_page_t *m;
885 	int count;
886 	boolean_t sync;
887 	int *rtvals;
888 {
889 	int i;
890 
891 	struct vnode *vp;
892 	int maxsize, ncount;
893 	vm_ooffset_t poffset;
894 	struct uio auio;
895 	struct iovec aiov;
896 	int error;
897 
898 	vp = object->handle;;
899 	for (i = 0; i < count; i++)
900 		rtvals[i] = VM_PAGER_AGAIN;
901 
902 	if ((int) m[0]->pindex < 0) {
903 		printf("vnode_pager_putpages: attempt to write meta-data!!! -- 0x%x(%x)\n", m[0]->pindex, m[0]->dirty);
904 		rtvals[0] = VM_PAGER_BAD;
905 		return VM_PAGER_BAD;
906 	}
907 
908 	maxsize = count * PAGE_SIZE;
909 	ncount = count;
910 
911 	poffset = IDX_TO_OFF(m[0]->pindex);
912 	if (maxsize + poffset > object->un_pager.vnp.vnp_size) {
913 		if (object->un_pager.vnp.vnp_size > poffset)
914 			maxsize = object->un_pager.vnp.vnp_size - poffset;
915 		else
916 			maxsize = 0;
917 		ncount = btoc(maxsize);
918 		if (ncount < count) {
919 			for (i = ncount; i < count; i++) {
920 				rtvals[i] = VM_PAGER_BAD;
921 			}
922 #ifdef BOGUS
923 			if (ncount == 0) {
924 				printf("vnode_pager_putpages: write past end of file: %d, %lu\n",
925 					poffset,
926 					(unsigned long) object->un_pager.vnp.vnp_size);
927 				return rtvals[0];
928 			}
929 #endif
930 		}
931 	}
932 
933 	for (i = 0; i < count; i++) {
934 		m[i]->busy++;
935 		m[i]->flags &= ~PG_BUSY;
936 	}
937 
938 	aiov.iov_base = (caddr_t) 0;
939 	aiov.iov_len = maxsize;
940 	auio.uio_iov = &aiov;
941 	auio.uio_iovcnt = 1;
942 	auio.uio_offset = poffset;
943 	auio.uio_segflg = UIO_NOCOPY;
944 	auio.uio_rw = UIO_WRITE;
945 	auio.uio_resid = maxsize;
946 	auio.uio_procp = (struct proc *) 0;
947 	error = VOP_WRITE(vp, &auio, IO_VMIO|(sync?IO_SYNC:0), curproc->p_ucred);
948 	cnt.v_vnodeout++;
949 	cnt.v_vnodepgsout += ncount;
950 
951 	if (error) {
952 		printf("vnode_pager_putpages: I/O error %d\n", error);
953 	}
954 	if (auio.uio_resid) {
955 		printf("vnode_pager_putpages: residual I/O %d at %ld\n",
956 			auio.uio_resid, m[0]->pindex);
957 	}
958 	for (i = 0; i < count; i++) {
959 		m[i]->busy--;
960 		if (i < ncount) {
961 			rtvals[i] = VM_PAGER_OK;
962 		}
963 		if ((m[i]->busy == 0) && (m[i]->flags & PG_WANTED))
964 			wakeup(m[i]);
965 	}
966 	return rtvals[0];
967 }
968 
969 struct vnode *
970 vnode_pager_lock(object)
971 	vm_object_t object;
972 {
973 	struct proc *p = curproc;	/* XXX */
974 
975 	for (; object != NULL; object = object->backing_object) {
976 		if (object->type != OBJT_VNODE)
977 			continue;
978 
979 		vn_lock(object->handle, LK_EXCLUSIVE | LK_RETRY | LK_CANRECURSE, p);
980 		return object->handle;
981 	}
982 	return NULL;
983 }
984