xref: /freebsd/sys/vm/vm_page.c (revision 67ca7330cf34a789afbbff9ae7e4cdc4a4917ae3)
1 /*-
2  * SPDX-License-Identifier: (BSD-3-Clause AND MIT-CMU)
3  *
4  * Copyright (c) 1991 Regents of the University of California.
5  * All rights reserved.
6  * Copyright (c) 1998 Matthew Dillon.  All Rights Reserved.
7  *
8  * This code is derived from software contributed to Berkeley by
9  * The Mach Operating System project at Carnegie-Mellon University.
10  *
11  * Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
12  * modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions
13  * are met:
14  * 1. Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright
15  *    notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
16  * 2. Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above copyright
17  *    notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer in the
18  *    documentation and/or other materials provided with the distribution.
19  * 3. Neither the name of the University nor the names of its contributors
20  *    may be used to endorse or promote products derived from this software
21  *    without specific prior written permission.
22  *
23  * THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE REGENTS AND CONTRIBUTORS ``AS IS'' AND
24  * ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, THE
25  * IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE
26  * ARE DISCLAIMED.  IN NO EVENT SHALL THE REGENTS OR CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE
27  * FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL, SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL
28  * DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS
29  * OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE, DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION)
30  * HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT
31  * LIABILITY, OR TORT (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY
32  * OUT OF THE USE OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF
33  * SUCH DAMAGE.
34  *
35  *	from: @(#)vm_page.c	7.4 (Berkeley) 5/7/91
36  */
37 
38 /*-
39  * Copyright (c) 1987, 1990 Carnegie-Mellon University.
40  * All rights reserved.
41  *
42  * Authors: Avadis Tevanian, Jr., Michael Wayne Young
43  *
44  * Permission to use, copy, modify and distribute this software and
45  * its documentation is hereby granted, provided that both the copyright
46  * notice and this permission notice appear in all copies of the
47  * software, derivative works or modified versions, and any portions
48  * thereof, and that both notices appear in supporting documentation.
49  *
50  * CARNEGIE MELLON ALLOWS FREE USE OF THIS SOFTWARE IN ITS "AS IS"
51  * CONDITION.  CARNEGIE MELLON DISCLAIMS ANY LIABILITY OF ANY KIND
52  * FOR ANY DAMAGES WHATSOEVER RESULTING FROM THE USE OF THIS SOFTWARE.
53  *
54  * Carnegie Mellon requests users of this software to return to
55  *
56  *  Software Distribution Coordinator  or  Software.Distribution@CS.CMU.EDU
57  *  School of Computer Science
58  *  Carnegie Mellon University
59  *  Pittsburgh PA 15213-3890
60  *
61  * any improvements or extensions that they make and grant Carnegie the
62  * rights to redistribute these changes.
63  */
64 
65 /*
66  *	Resident memory management module.
67  */
68 
69 #include <sys/cdefs.h>
70 __FBSDID("$FreeBSD$");
71 
72 #include "opt_vm.h"
73 
74 #include <sys/param.h>
75 #include <sys/systm.h>
76 #include <sys/lock.h>
77 #include <sys/domainset.h>
78 #include <sys/kernel.h>
79 #include <sys/limits.h>
80 #include <sys/linker.h>
81 #include <sys/malloc.h>
82 #include <sys/mman.h>
83 #include <sys/msgbuf.h>
84 #include <sys/mutex.h>
85 #include <sys/proc.h>
86 #include <sys/rwlock.h>
87 #include <sys/sbuf.h>
88 #include <sys/sched.h>
89 #include <sys/smp.h>
90 #include <sys/sysctl.h>
91 #include <sys/vmmeter.h>
92 #include <sys/vnode.h>
93 
94 #include <vm/vm.h>
95 #include <vm/pmap.h>
96 #include <vm/vm_param.h>
97 #include <vm/vm_domainset.h>
98 #include <vm/vm_kern.h>
99 #include <vm/vm_map.h>
100 #include <vm/vm_object.h>
101 #include <vm/vm_page.h>
102 #include <vm/vm_pageout.h>
103 #include <vm/vm_phys.h>
104 #include <vm/vm_pagequeue.h>
105 #include <vm/vm_pager.h>
106 #include <vm/vm_radix.h>
107 #include <vm/vm_reserv.h>
108 #include <vm/vm_extern.h>
109 #include <vm/uma.h>
110 #include <vm/uma_int.h>
111 
112 #include <machine/md_var.h>
113 
114 extern int	uma_startup_count(int);
115 extern void	uma_startup(void *, int);
116 extern int	vmem_startup_count(void);
117 
118 struct vm_domain vm_dom[MAXMEMDOM];
119 
120 DPCPU_DEFINE_STATIC(struct vm_batchqueue, pqbatch[MAXMEMDOM][PQ_COUNT]);
121 
122 struct mtx_padalign __exclusive_cache_line pa_lock[PA_LOCK_COUNT];
123 
124 struct mtx_padalign __exclusive_cache_line vm_domainset_lock;
125 /* The following fields are protected by the domainset lock. */
126 domainset_t __exclusive_cache_line vm_min_domains;
127 domainset_t __exclusive_cache_line vm_severe_domains;
128 static int vm_min_waiters;
129 static int vm_severe_waiters;
130 static int vm_pageproc_waiters;
131 
132 /*
133  * bogus page -- for I/O to/from partially complete buffers,
134  * or for paging into sparsely invalid regions.
135  */
136 vm_page_t bogus_page;
137 
138 vm_page_t vm_page_array;
139 long vm_page_array_size;
140 long first_page;
141 
142 static int boot_pages;
143 SYSCTL_INT(_vm, OID_AUTO, boot_pages, CTLFLAG_RDTUN | CTLFLAG_NOFETCH,
144     &boot_pages, 0,
145     "number of pages allocated for bootstrapping the VM system");
146 
147 static int pa_tryrelock_restart;
148 SYSCTL_INT(_vm, OID_AUTO, tryrelock_restart, CTLFLAG_RD,
149     &pa_tryrelock_restart, 0, "Number of tryrelock restarts");
150 
151 static TAILQ_HEAD(, vm_page) blacklist_head;
152 static int sysctl_vm_page_blacklist(SYSCTL_HANDLER_ARGS);
153 SYSCTL_PROC(_vm, OID_AUTO, page_blacklist, CTLTYPE_STRING | CTLFLAG_RD |
154     CTLFLAG_MPSAFE, NULL, 0, sysctl_vm_page_blacklist, "A", "Blacklist pages");
155 
156 static uma_zone_t fakepg_zone;
157 
158 static void vm_page_alloc_check(vm_page_t m);
159 static void vm_page_clear_dirty_mask(vm_page_t m, vm_page_bits_t pagebits);
160 static void vm_page_dequeue_complete(vm_page_t m);
161 static void vm_page_enqueue(vm_page_t m, uint8_t queue);
162 static void vm_page_init(void *dummy);
163 static int vm_page_insert_after(vm_page_t m, vm_object_t object,
164     vm_pindex_t pindex, vm_page_t mpred);
165 static void vm_page_insert_radixdone(vm_page_t m, vm_object_t object,
166     vm_page_t mpred);
167 static int vm_page_reclaim_run(int req_class, int domain, u_long npages,
168     vm_page_t m_run, vm_paddr_t high);
169 static int vm_domain_alloc_fail(struct vm_domain *vmd, vm_object_t object,
170     int req);
171 static int vm_page_import(void *arg, void **store, int cnt, int domain,
172     int flags);
173 static void vm_page_release(void *arg, void **store, int cnt);
174 
175 SYSINIT(vm_page, SI_SUB_VM, SI_ORDER_SECOND, vm_page_init, NULL);
176 
177 static void
178 vm_page_init(void *dummy)
179 {
180 
181 	fakepg_zone = uma_zcreate("fakepg", sizeof(struct vm_page), NULL, NULL,
182 	    NULL, NULL, UMA_ALIGN_PTR, UMA_ZONE_NOFREE | UMA_ZONE_VM);
183 	bogus_page = vm_page_alloc(NULL, 0, VM_ALLOC_NOOBJ |
184 	    VM_ALLOC_NORMAL | VM_ALLOC_WIRED);
185 }
186 
187 /*
188  * The cache page zone is initialized later since we need to be able to allocate
189  * pages before UMA is fully initialized.
190  */
191 static void
192 vm_page_init_cache_zones(void *dummy __unused)
193 {
194 	struct vm_domain *vmd;
195 	int i;
196 
197 	for (i = 0; i < vm_ndomains; i++) {
198 		vmd = VM_DOMAIN(i);
199 		/*
200 		 * Don't allow the page cache to take up more than .25% of
201 		 * memory.
202 		 */
203 		if (vmd->vmd_page_count / 400 < 256 * mp_ncpus)
204 			continue;
205 		vmd->vmd_pgcache = uma_zcache_create("vm pgcache",
206 		    sizeof(struct vm_page), NULL, NULL, NULL, NULL,
207 		    vm_page_import, vm_page_release, vmd,
208 		    UMA_ZONE_MAXBUCKET | UMA_ZONE_VM);
209 		(void )uma_zone_set_maxcache(vmd->vmd_pgcache, 0);
210 	}
211 }
212 SYSINIT(vm_page2, SI_SUB_VM_CONF, SI_ORDER_ANY, vm_page_init_cache_zones, NULL);
213 
214 /* Make sure that u_long is at least 64 bits when PAGE_SIZE is 32K. */
215 #if PAGE_SIZE == 32768
216 #ifdef CTASSERT
217 CTASSERT(sizeof(u_long) >= 8);
218 #endif
219 #endif
220 
221 /*
222  * Try to acquire a physical address lock while a pmap is locked.  If we
223  * fail to trylock we unlock and lock the pmap directly and cache the
224  * locked pa in *locked.  The caller should then restart their loop in case
225  * the virtual to physical mapping has changed.
226  */
227 int
228 vm_page_pa_tryrelock(pmap_t pmap, vm_paddr_t pa, vm_paddr_t *locked)
229 {
230 	vm_paddr_t lockpa;
231 
232 	lockpa = *locked;
233 	*locked = pa;
234 	if (lockpa) {
235 		PA_LOCK_ASSERT(lockpa, MA_OWNED);
236 		if (PA_LOCKPTR(pa) == PA_LOCKPTR(lockpa))
237 			return (0);
238 		PA_UNLOCK(lockpa);
239 	}
240 	if (PA_TRYLOCK(pa))
241 		return (0);
242 	PMAP_UNLOCK(pmap);
243 	atomic_add_int(&pa_tryrelock_restart, 1);
244 	PA_LOCK(pa);
245 	PMAP_LOCK(pmap);
246 	return (EAGAIN);
247 }
248 
249 /*
250  *	vm_set_page_size:
251  *
252  *	Sets the page size, perhaps based upon the memory
253  *	size.  Must be called before any use of page-size
254  *	dependent functions.
255  */
256 void
257 vm_set_page_size(void)
258 {
259 	if (vm_cnt.v_page_size == 0)
260 		vm_cnt.v_page_size = PAGE_SIZE;
261 	if (((vm_cnt.v_page_size - 1) & vm_cnt.v_page_size) != 0)
262 		panic("vm_set_page_size: page size not a power of two");
263 }
264 
265 /*
266  *	vm_page_blacklist_next:
267  *
268  *	Find the next entry in the provided string of blacklist
269  *	addresses.  Entries are separated by space, comma, or newline.
270  *	If an invalid integer is encountered then the rest of the
271  *	string is skipped.  Updates the list pointer to the next
272  *	character, or NULL if the string is exhausted or invalid.
273  */
274 static vm_paddr_t
275 vm_page_blacklist_next(char **list, char *end)
276 {
277 	vm_paddr_t bad;
278 	char *cp, *pos;
279 
280 	if (list == NULL || *list == NULL)
281 		return (0);
282 	if (**list =='\0') {
283 		*list = NULL;
284 		return (0);
285 	}
286 
287 	/*
288 	 * If there's no end pointer then the buffer is coming from
289 	 * the kenv and we know it's null-terminated.
290 	 */
291 	if (end == NULL)
292 		end = *list + strlen(*list);
293 
294 	/* Ensure that strtoq() won't walk off the end */
295 	if (*end != '\0') {
296 		if (*end == '\n' || *end == ' ' || *end  == ',')
297 			*end = '\0';
298 		else {
299 			printf("Blacklist not terminated, skipping\n");
300 			*list = NULL;
301 			return (0);
302 		}
303 	}
304 
305 	for (pos = *list; *pos != '\0'; pos = cp) {
306 		bad = strtoq(pos, &cp, 0);
307 		if (*cp == '\0' || *cp == ' ' || *cp == ',' || *cp == '\n') {
308 			if (bad == 0) {
309 				if (++cp < end)
310 					continue;
311 				else
312 					break;
313 			}
314 		} else
315 			break;
316 		if (*cp == '\0' || ++cp >= end)
317 			*list = NULL;
318 		else
319 			*list = cp;
320 		return (trunc_page(bad));
321 	}
322 	printf("Garbage in RAM blacklist, skipping\n");
323 	*list = NULL;
324 	return (0);
325 }
326 
327 bool
328 vm_page_blacklist_add(vm_paddr_t pa, bool verbose)
329 {
330 	struct vm_domain *vmd;
331 	vm_page_t m;
332 	int ret;
333 
334 	m = vm_phys_paddr_to_vm_page(pa);
335 	if (m == NULL)
336 		return (true); /* page does not exist, no failure */
337 
338 	vmd = vm_pagequeue_domain(m);
339 	vm_domain_free_lock(vmd);
340 	ret = vm_phys_unfree_page(m);
341 	vm_domain_free_unlock(vmd);
342 	if (ret != 0) {
343 		vm_domain_freecnt_inc(vmd, -1);
344 		TAILQ_INSERT_TAIL(&blacklist_head, m, listq);
345 		if (verbose)
346 			printf("Skipping page with pa 0x%jx\n", (uintmax_t)pa);
347 	}
348 	return (ret);
349 }
350 
351 /*
352  *	vm_page_blacklist_check:
353  *
354  *	Iterate through the provided string of blacklist addresses, pulling
355  *	each entry out of the physical allocator free list and putting it
356  *	onto a list for reporting via the vm.page_blacklist sysctl.
357  */
358 static void
359 vm_page_blacklist_check(char *list, char *end)
360 {
361 	vm_paddr_t pa;
362 	char *next;
363 
364 	next = list;
365 	while (next != NULL) {
366 		if ((pa = vm_page_blacklist_next(&next, end)) == 0)
367 			continue;
368 		vm_page_blacklist_add(pa, bootverbose);
369 	}
370 }
371 
372 /*
373  *	vm_page_blacklist_load:
374  *
375  *	Search for a special module named "ram_blacklist".  It'll be a
376  *	plain text file provided by the user via the loader directive
377  *	of the same name.
378  */
379 static void
380 vm_page_blacklist_load(char **list, char **end)
381 {
382 	void *mod;
383 	u_char *ptr;
384 	u_int len;
385 
386 	mod = NULL;
387 	ptr = NULL;
388 
389 	mod = preload_search_by_type("ram_blacklist");
390 	if (mod != NULL) {
391 		ptr = preload_fetch_addr(mod);
392 		len = preload_fetch_size(mod);
393         }
394 	*list = ptr;
395 	if (ptr != NULL)
396 		*end = ptr + len;
397 	else
398 		*end = NULL;
399 	return;
400 }
401 
402 static int
403 sysctl_vm_page_blacklist(SYSCTL_HANDLER_ARGS)
404 {
405 	vm_page_t m;
406 	struct sbuf sbuf;
407 	int error, first;
408 
409 	first = 1;
410 	error = sysctl_wire_old_buffer(req, 0);
411 	if (error != 0)
412 		return (error);
413 	sbuf_new_for_sysctl(&sbuf, NULL, 128, req);
414 	TAILQ_FOREACH(m, &blacklist_head, listq) {
415 		sbuf_printf(&sbuf, "%s%#jx", first ? "" : ",",
416 		    (uintmax_t)m->phys_addr);
417 		first = 0;
418 	}
419 	error = sbuf_finish(&sbuf);
420 	sbuf_delete(&sbuf);
421 	return (error);
422 }
423 
424 /*
425  * Initialize a dummy page for use in scans of the specified paging queue.
426  * In principle, this function only needs to set the flag PG_MARKER.
427  * Nonetheless, it write busies and initializes the hold count to one as
428  * safety precautions.
429  */
430 static void
431 vm_page_init_marker(vm_page_t marker, int queue, uint8_t aflags)
432 {
433 
434 	bzero(marker, sizeof(*marker));
435 	marker->flags = PG_MARKER;
436 	marker->aflags = aflags;
437 	marker->busy_lock = VPB_SINGLE_EXCLUSIVER;
438 	marker->queue = queue;
439 	marker->hold_count = 1;
440 }
441 
442 static void
443 vm_page_domain_init(int domain)
444 {
445 	struct vm_domain *vmd;
446 	struct vm_pagequeue *pq;
447 	int i;
448 
449 	vmd = VM_DOMAIN(domain);
450 	bzero(vmd, sizeof(*vmd));
451 	*__DECONST(char **, &vmd->vmd_pagequeues[PQ_INACTIVE].pq_name) =
452 	    "vm inactive pagequeue";
453 	*__DECONST(char **, &vmd->vmd_pagequeues[PQ_ACTIVE].pq_name) =
454 	    "vm active pagequeue";
455 	*__DECONST(char **, &vmd->vmd_pagequeues[PQ_LAUNDRY].pq_name) =
456 	    "vm laundry pagequeue";
457 	*__DECONST(char **, &vmd->vmd_pagequeues[PQ_UNSWAPPABLE].pq_name) =
458 	    "vm unswappable pagequeue";
459 	vmd->vmd_domain = domain;
460 	vmd->vmd_page_count = 0;
461 	vmd->vmd_free_count = 0;
462 	vmd->vmd_segs = 0;
463 	vmd->vmd_oom = FALSE;
464 	for (i = 0; i < PQ_COUNT; i++) {
465 		pq = &vmd->vmd_pagequeues[i];
466 		TAILQ_INIT(&pq->pq_pl);
467 		mtx_init(&pq->pq_mutex, pq->pq_name, "vm pagequeue",
468 		    MTX_DEF | MTX_DUPOK);
469 		pq->pq_pdpages = 0;
470 		vm_page_init_marker(&vmd->vmd_markers[i], i, 0);
471 	}
472 	mtx_init(&vmd->vmd_free_mtx, "vm page free queue", NULL, MTX_DEF);
473 	mtx_init(&vmd->vmd_pageout_mtx, "vm pageout lock", NULL, MTX_DEF);
474 	snprintf(vmd->vmd_name, sizeof(vmd->vmd_name), "%d", domain);
475 
476 	/*
477 	 * inacthead is used to provide FIFO ordering for LRU-bypassing
478 	 * insertions.
479 	 */
480 	vm_page_init_marker(&vmd->vmd_inacthead, PQ_INACTIVE, PGA_ENQUEUED);
481 	TAILQ_INSERT_HEAD(&vmd->vmd_pagequeues[PQ_INACTIVE].pq_pl,
482 	    &vmd->vmd_inacthead, plinks.q);
483 
484 	/*
485 	 * The clock pages are used to implement active queue scanning without
486 	 * requeues.  Scans start at clock[0], which is advanced after the scan
487 	 * ends.  When the two clock hands meet, they are reset and scanning
488 	 * resumes from the head of the queue.
489 	 */
490 	vm_page_init_marker(&vmd->vmd_clock[0], PQ_ACTIVE, PGA_ENQUEUED);
491 	vm_page_init_marker(&vmd->vmd_clock[1], PQ_ACTIVE, PGA_ENQUEUED);
492 	TAILQ_INSERT_HEAD(&vmd->vmd_pagequeues[PQ_ACTIVE].pq_pl,
493 	    &vmd->vmd_clock[0], plinks.q);
494 	TAILQ_INSERT_TAIL(&vmd->vmd_pagequeues[PQ_ACTIVE].pq_pl,
495 	    &vmd->vmd_clock[1], plinks.q);
496 }
497 
498 /*
499  * Initialize a physical page in preparation for adding it to the free
500  * lists.
501  */
502 static void
503 vm_page_init_page(vm_page_t m, vm_paddr_t pa, int segind)
504 {
505 
506 	m->object = NULL;
507 	m->wire_count = 0;
508 	m->busy_lock = VPB_UNBUSIED;
509 	m->hold_count = 0;
510 	m->flags = m->aflags = 0;
511 	m->phys_addr = pa;
512 	m->queue = PQ_NONE;
513 	m->psind = 0;
514 	m->segind = segind;
515 	m->order = VM_NFREEORDER;
516 	m->pool = VM_FREEPOOL_DEFAULT;
517 	m->valid = m->dirty = 0;
518 	pmap_page_init(m);
519 }
520 
521 /*
522  *	vm_page_startup:
523  *
524  *	Initializes the resident memory module.  Allocates physical memory for
525  *	bootstrapping UMA and some data structures that are used to manage
526  *	physical pages.  Initializes these structures, and populates the free
527  *	page queues.
528  */
529 vm_offset_t
530 vm_page_startup(vm_offset_t vaddr)
531 {
532 	struct vm_phys_seg *seg;
533 	vm_page_t m;
534 	char *list, *listend;
535 	vm_offset_t mapped;
536 	vm_paddr_t end, high_avail, low_avail, new_end, page_range, size;
537 	vm_paddr_t biggestsize, last_pa, pa;
538 	u_long pagecount;
539 	int biggestone, i, segind;
540 #ifdef WITNESS
541 	int witness_size;
542 #endif
543 #if defined(__i386__) && defined(VM_PHYSSEG_DENSE)
544 	long ii;
545 #endif
546 
547 	biggestsize = 0;
548 	biggestone = 0;
549 	vaddr = round_page(vaddr);
550 
551 	for (i = 0; phys_avail[i + 1]; i += 2) {
552 		phys_avail[i] = round_page(phys_avail[i]);
553 		phys_avail[i + 1] = trunc_page(phys_avail[i + 1]);
554 	}
555 	for (i = 0; phys_avail[i + 1]; i += 2) {
556 		size = phys_avail[i + 1] - phys_avail[i];
557 		if (size > biggestsize) {
558 			biggestone = i;
559 			biggestsize = size;
560 		}
561 	}
562 
563 	end = phys_avail[biggestone+1];
564 
565 	/*
566 	 * Initialize the page and queue locks.
567 	 */
568 	mtx_init(&vm_domainset_lock, "vm domainset lock", NULL, MTX_DEF);
569 	for (i = 0; i < PA_LOCK_COUNT; i++)
570 		mtx_init(&pa_lock[i], "vm page", NULL, MTX_DEF);
571 	for (i = 0; i < vm_ndomains; i++)
572 		vm_page_domain_init(i);
573 
574 	/*
575 	 * Allocate memory for use when boot strapping the kernel memory
576 	 * allocator.  Tell UMA how many zones we are going to create
577 	 * before going fully functional.  UMA will add its zones.
578 	 *
579 	 * VM startup zones: vmem, vmem_btag, VM OBJECT, RADIX NODE, MAP,
580 	 * KMAP ENTRY, MAP ENTRY, VMSPACE.
581 	 */
582 	boot_pages = uma_startup_count(8);
583 
584 #ifndef UMA_MD_SMALL_ALLOC
585 	/* vmem_startup() calls uma_prealloc(). */
586 	boot_pages += vmem_startup_count();
587 	/* vm_map_startup() calls uma_prealloc(). */
588 	boot_pages += howmany(MAX_KMAP,
589 	    UMA_SLAB_SPACE / sizeof(struct vm_map));
590 
591 	/*
592 	 * Before going fully functional kmem_init() does allocation
593 	 * from "KMAP ENTRY" and vmem_create() does allocation from "vmem".
594 	 */
595 	boot_pages += 2;
596 #endif
597 	/*
598 	 * CTFLAG_RDTUN doesn't work during the early boot process, so we must
599 	 * manually fetch the value.
600 	 */
601 	TUNABLE_INT_FETCH("vm.boot_pages", &boot_pages);
602 	new_end = end - (boot_pages * UMA_SLAB_SIZE);
603 	new_end = trunc_page(new_end);
604 	mapped = pmap_map(&vaddr, new_end, end,
605 	    VM_PROT_READ | VM_PROT_WRITE);
606 	bzero((void *)mapped, end - new_end);
607 	uma_startup((void *)mapped, boot_pages);
608 
609 #ifdef WITNESS
610 	witness_size = round_page(witness_startup_count());
611 	new_end -= witness_size;
612 	mapped = pmap_map(&vaddr, new_end, new_end + witness_size,
613 	    VM_PROT_READ | VM_PROT_WRITE);
614 	bzero((void *)mapped, witness_size);
615 	witness_startup((void *)mapped);
616 #endif
617 
618 #if defined(__aarch64__) || defined(__amd64__) || defined(__arm__) || \
619     defined(__i386__) || defined(__mips__) || defined(__riscv)
620 	/*
621 	 * Allocate a bitmap to indicate that a random physical page
622 	 * needs to be included in a minidump.
623 	 *
624 	 * The amd64 port needs this to indicate which direct map pages
625 	 * need to be dumped, via calls to dump_add_page()/dump_drop_page().
626 	 *
627 	 * However, i386 still needs this workspace internally within the
628 	 * minidump code.  In theory, they are not needed on i386, but are
629 	 * included should the sf_buf code decide to use them.
630 	 */
631 	last_pa = 0;
632 	for (i = 0; dump_avail[i + 1] != 0; i += 2)
633 		if (dump_avail[i + 1] > last_pa)
634 			last_pa = dump_avail[i + 1];
635 	page_range = last_pa / PAGE_SIZE;
636 	vm_page_dump_size = round_page(roundup2(page_range, NBBY) / NBBY);
637 	new_end -= vm_page_dump_size;
638 	vm_page_dump = (void *)(uintptr_t)pmap_map(&vaddr, new_end,
639 	    new_end + vm_page_dump_size, VM_PROT_READ | VM_PROT_WRITE);
640 	bzero((void *)vm_page_dump, vm_page_dump_size);
641 #else
642 	(void)last_pa;
643 #endif
644 #if defined(__aarch64__) || defined(__amd64__) || defined(__mips__) || \
645     defined(__riscv)
646 	/*
647 	 * Include the UMA bootstrap pages, witness pages and vm_page_dump
648 	 * in a crash dump.  When pmap_map() uses the direct map, they are
649 	 * not automatically included.
650 	 */
651 	for (pa = new_end; pa < end; pa += PAGE_SIZE)
652 		dump_add_page(pa);
653 #endif
654 	phys_avail[biggestone + 1] = new_end;
655 #ifdef __amd64__
656 	/*
657 	 * Request that the physical pages underlying the message buffer be
658 	 * included in a crash dump.  Since the message buffer is accessed
659 	 * through the direct map, they are not automatically included.
660 	 */
661 	pa = DMAP_TO_PHYS((vm_offset_t)msgbufp->msg_ptr);
662 	last_pa = pa + round_page(msgbufsize);
663 	while (pa < last_pa) {
664 		dump_add_page(pa);
665 		pa += PAGE_SIZE;
666 	}
667 #endif
668 	/*
669 	 * Compute the number of pages of memory that will be available for
670 	 * use, taking into account the overhead of a page structure per page.
671 	 * In other words, solve
672 	 *	"available physical memory" - round_page(page_range *
673 	 *	    sizeof(struct vm_page)) = page_range * PAGE_SIZE
674 	 * for page_range.
675 	 */
676 	low_avail = phys_avail[0];
677 	high_avail = phys_avail[1];
678 	for (i = 0; i < vm_phys_nsegs; i++) {
679 		if (vm_phys_segs[i].start < low_avail)
680 			low_avail = vm_phys_segs[i].start;
681 		if (vm_phys_segs[i].end > high_avail)
682 			high_avail = vm_phys_segs[i].end;
683 	}
684 	/* Skip the first chunk.  It is already accounted for. */
685 	for (i = 2; phys_avail[i + 1] != 0; i += 2) {
686 		if (phys_avail[i] < low_avail)
687 			low_avail = phys_avail[i];
688 		if (phys_avail[i + 1] > high_avail)
689 			high_avail = phys_avail[i + 1];
690 	}
691 	first_page = low_avail / PAGE_SIZE;
692 #ifdef VM_PHYSSEG_SPARSE
693 	size = 0;
694 	for (i = 0; i < vm_phys_nsegs; i++)
695 		size += vm_phys_segs[i].end - vm_phys_segs[i].start;
696 	for (i = 0; phys_avail[i + 1] != 0; i += 2)
697 		size += phys_avail[i + 1] - phys_avail[i];
698 #elif defined(VM_PHYSSEG_DENSE)
699 	size = high_avail - low_avail;
700 #else
701 #error "Either VM_PHYSSEG_DENSE or VM_PHYSSEG_SPARSE must be defined."
702 #endif
703 
704 #ifdef VM_PHYSSEG_DENSE
705 	/*
706 	 * In the VM_PHYSSEG_DENSE case, the number of pages can account for
707 	 * the overhead of a page structure per page only if vm_page_array is
708 	 * allocated from the last physical memory chunk.  Otherwise, we must
709 	 * allocate page structures representing the physical memory
710 	 * underlying vm_page_array, even though they will not be used.
711 	 */
712 	if (new_end != high_avail)
713 		page_range = size / PAGE_SIZE;
714 	else
715 #endif
716 	{
717 		page_range = size / (PAGE_SIZE + sizeof(struct vm_page));
718 
719 		/*
720 		 * If the partial bytes remaining are large enough for
721 		 * a page (PAGE_SIZE) without a corresponding
722 		 * 'struct vm_page', then new_end will contain an
723 		 * extra page after subtracting the length of the VM
724 		 * page array.  Compensate by subtracting an extra
725 		 * page from new_end.
726 		 */
727 		if (size % (PAGE_SIZE + sizeof(struct vm_page)) >= PAGE_SIZE) {
728 			if (new_end == high_avail)
729 				high_avail -= PAGE_SIZE;
730 			new_end -= PAGE_SIZE;
731 		}
732 	}
733 	end = new_end;
734 
735 	/*
736 	 * Reserve an unmapped guard page to trap access to vm_page_array[-1].
737 	 * However, because this page is allocated from KVM, out-of-bounds
738 	 * accesses using the direct map will not be trapped.
739 	 */
740 	vaddr += PAGE_SIZE;
741 
742 	/*
743 	 * Allocate physical memory for the page structures, and map it.
744 	 */
745 	new_end = trunc_page(end - page_range * sizeof(struct vm_page));
746 	mapped = pmap_map(&vaddr, new_end, end,
747 	    VM_PROT_READ | VM_PROT_WRITE);
748 	vm_page_array = (vm_page_t)mapped;
749 	vm_page_array_size = page_range;
750 
751 #if VM_NRESERVLEVEL > 0
752 	/*
753 	 * Allocate physical memory for the reservation management system's
754 	 * data structures, and map it.
755 	 */
756 	if (high_avail == end)
757 		high_avail = new_end;
758 	new_end = vm_reserv_startup(&vaddr, new_end, high_avail);
759 #endif
760 #if defined(__aarch64__) || defined(__amd64__) || defined(__mips__) || \
761     defined(__riscv)
762 	/*
763 	 * Include vm_page_array and vm_reserv_array in a crash dump.
764 	 */
765 	for (pa = new_end; pa < end; pa += PAGE_SIZE)
766 		dump_add_page(pa);
767 #endif
768 	phys_avail[biggestone + 1] = new_end;
769 
770 	/*
771 	 * Add physical memory segments corresponding to the available
772 	 * physical pages.
773 	 */
774 	for (i = 0; phys_avail[i + 1] != 0; i += 2)
775 		vm_phys_add_seg(phys_avail[i], phys_avail[i + 1]);
776 
777 	/*
778 	 * Initialize the physical memory allocator.
779 	 */
780 	vm_phys_init();
781 
782 	/*
783 	 * Initialize the page structures and add every available page to the
784 	 * physical memory allocator's free lists.
785 	 */
786 #if defined(__i386__) && defined(VM_PHYSSEG_DENSE)
787 	for (ii = 0; ii < vm_page_array_size; ii++) {
788 		m = &vm_page_array[ii];
789 		vm_page_init_page(m, (first_page + ii) << PAGE_SHIFT, 0);
790 		m->flags = PG_FICTITIOUS;
791 	}
792 #endif
793 	vm_cnt.v_page_count = 0;
794 	for (segind = 0; segind < vm_phys_nsegs; segind++) {
795 		seg = &vm_phys_segs[segind];
796 		for (m = seg->first_page, pa = seg->start; pa < seg->end;
797 		    m++, pa += PAGE_SIZE)
798 			vm_page_init_page(m, pa, segind);
799 
800 		/*
801 		 * Add the segment to the free lists only if it is covered by
802 		 * one of the ranges in phys_avail.  Because we've added the
803 		 * ranges to the vm_phys_segs array, we can assume that each
804 		 * segment is either entirely contained in one of the ranges,
805 		 * or doesn't overlap any of them.
806 		 */
807 		for (i = 0; phys_avail[i + 1] != 0; i += 2) {
808 			struct vm_domain *vmd;
809 
810 			if (seg->start < phys_avail[i] ||
811 			    seg->end > phys_avail[i + 1])
812 				continue;
813 
814 			m = seg->first_page;
815 			pagecount = (u_long)atop(seg->end - seg->start);
816 
817 			vmd = VM_DOMAIN(seg->domain);
818 			vm_domain_free_lock(vmd);
819 			vm_phys_enqueue_contig(m, pagecount);
820 			vm_domain_free_unlock(vmd);
821 			vm_domain_freecnt_inc(vmd, pagecount);
822 			vm_cnt.v_page_count += (u_int)pagecount;
823 
824 			vmd = VM_DOMAIN(seg->domain);
825 			vmd->vmd_page_count += (u_int)pagecount;
826 			vmd->vmd_segs |= 1UL << m->segind;
827 			break;
828 		}
829 	}
830 
831 	/*
832 	 * Remove blacklisted pages from the physical memory allocator.
833 	 */
834 	TAILQ_INIT(&blacklist_head);
835 	vm_page_blacklist_load(&list, &listend);
836 	vm_page_blacklist_check(list, listend);
837 
838 	list = kern_getenv("vm.blacklist");
839 	vm_page_blacklist_check(list, NULL);
840 
841 	freeenv(list);
842 #if VM_NRESERVLEVEL > 0
843 	/*
844 	 * Initialize the reservation management system.
845 	 */
846 	vm_reserv_init();
847 #endif
848 
849 	return (vaddr);
850 }
851 
852 void
853 vm_page_reference(vm_page_t m)
854 {
855 
856 	vm_page_aflag_set(m, PGA_REFERENCED);
857 }
858 
859 /*
860  *	vm_page_busy_downgrade:
861  *
862  *	Downgrade an exclusive busy page into a single shared busy page.
863  */
864 void
865 vm_page_busy_downgrade(vm_page_t m)
866 {
867 	u_int x;
868 	bool locked;
869 
870 	vm_page_assert_xbusied(m);
871 	locked = mtx_owned(vm_page_lockptr(m));
872 
873 	for (;;) {
874 		x = m->busy_lock;
875 		x &= VPB_BIT_WAITERS;
876 		if (x != 0 && !locked)
877 			vm_page_lock(m);
878 		if (atomic_cmpset_rel_int(&m->busy_lock,
879 		    VPB_SINGLE_EXCLUSIVER | x, VPB_SHARERS_WORD(1)))
880 			break;
881 		if (x != 0 && !locked)
882 			vm_page_unlock(m);
883 	}
884 	if (x != 0) {
885 		wakeup(m);
886 		if (!locked)
887 			vm_page_unlock(m);
888 	}
889 }
890 
891 /*
892  *	vm_page_sbusied:
893  *
894  *	Return a positive value if the page is shared busied, 0 otherwise.
895  */
896 int
897 vm_page_sbusied(vm_page_t m)
898 {
899 	u_int x;
900 
901 	x = m->busy_lock;
902 	return ((x & VPB_BIT_SHARED) != 0 && x != VPB_UNBUSIED);
903 }
904 
905 /*
906  *	vm_page_sunbusy:
907  *
908  *	Shared unbusy a page.
909  */
910 void
911 vm_page_sunbusy(vm_page_t m)
912 {
913 	u_int x;
914 
915 	vm_page_lock_assert(m, MA_NOTOWNED);
916 	vm_page_assert_sbusied(m);
917 
918 	for (;;) {
919 		x = m->busy_lock;
920 		if (VPB_SHARERS(x) > 1) {
921 			if (atomic_cmpset_int(&m->busy_lock, x,
922 			    x - VPB_ONE_SHARER))
923 				break;
924 			continue;
925 		}
926 		if ((x & VPB_BIT_WAITERS) == 0) {
927 			KASSERT(x == VPB_SHARERS_WORD(1),
928 			    ("vm_page_sunbusy: invalid lock state"));
929 			if (atomic_cmpset_int(&m->busy_lock,
930 			    VPB_SHARERS_WORD(1), VPB_UNBUSIED))
931 				break;
932 			continue;
933 		}
934 		KASSERT(x == (VPB_SHARERS_WORD(1) | VPB_BIT_WAITERS),
935 		    ("vm_page_sunbusy: invalid lock state for waiters"));
936 
937 		vm_page_lock(m);
938 		if (!atomic_cmpset_int(&m->busy_lock, x, VPB_UNBUSIED)) {
939 			vm_page_unlock(m);
940 			continue;
941 		}
942 		wakeup(m);
943 		vm_page_unlock(m);
944 		break;
945 	}
946 }
947 
948 /*
949  *	vm_page_busy_sleep:
950  *
951  *	Sleep and release the page lock, using the page pointer as wchan.
952  *	This is used to implement the hard-path of busying mechanism.
953  *
954  *	The given page must be locked.
955  *
956  *	If nonshared is true, sleep only if the page is xbusy.
957  */
958 void
959 vm_page_busy_sleep(vm_page_t m, const char *wmesg, bool nonshared)
960 {
961 	u_int x;
962 
963 	vm_page_assert_locked(m);
964 
965 	x = m->busy_lock;
966 	if (x == VPB_UNBUSIED || (nonshared && (x & VPB_BIT_SHARED) != 0) ||
967 	    ((x & VPB_BIT_WAITERS) == 0 &&
968 	    !atomic_cmpset_int(&m->busy_lock, x, x | VPB_BIT_WAITERS))) {
969 		vm_page_unlock(m);
970 		return;
971 	}
972 	msleep(m, vm_page_lockptr(m), PVM | PDROP, wmesg, 0);
973 }
974 
975 /*
976  *	vm_page_trysbusy:
977  *
978  *	Try to shared busy a page.
979  *	If the operation succeeds 1 is returned otherwise 0.
980  *	The operation never sleeps.
981  */
982 int
983 vm_page_trysbusy(vm_page_t m)
984 {
985 	u_int x;
986 
987 	for (;;) {
988 		x = m->busy_lock;
989 		if ((x & VPB_BIT_SHARED) == 0)
990 			return (0);
991 		if (atomic_cmpset_acq_int(&m->busy_lock, x, x + VPB_ONE_SHARER))
992 			return (1);
993 	}
994 }
995 
996 static void
997 vm_page_xunbusy_locked(vm_page_t m)
998 {
999 
1000 	vm_page_assert_xbusied(m);
1001 	vm_page_assert_locked(m);
1002 
1003 	atomic_store_rel_int(&m->busy_lock, VPB_UNBUSIED);
1004 	/* There is a waiter, do wakeup() instead of vm_page_flash(). */
1005 	wakeup(m);
1006 }
1007 
1008 void
1009 vm_page_xunbusy_maybelocked(vm_page_t m)
1010 {
1011 	bool lockacq;
1012 
1013 	vm_page_assert_xbusied(m);
1014 
1015 	/*
1016 	 * Fast path for unbusy.  If it succeeds, we know that there
1017 	 * are no waiters, so we do not need a wakeup.
1018 	 */
1019 	if (atomic_cmpset_rel_int(&m->busy_lock, VPB_SINGLE_EXCLUSIVER,
1020 	    VPB_UNBUSIED))
1021 		return;
1022 
1023 	lockacq = !mtx_owned(vm_page_lockptr(m));
1024 	if (lockacq)
1025 		vm_page_lock(m);
1026 	vm_page_xunbusy_locked(m);
1027 	if (lockacq)
1028 		vm_page_unlock(m);
1029 }
1030 
1031 /*
1032  *	vm_page_xunbusy_hard:
1033  *
1034  *	Called after the first try the exclusive unbusy of a page failed.
1035  *	It is assumed that the waiters bit is on.
1036  */
1037 void
1038 vm_page_xunbusy_hard(vm_page_t m)
1039 {
1040 
1041 	vm_page_assert_xbusied(m);
1042 
1043 	vm_page_lock(m);
1044 	vm_page_xunbusy_locked(m);
1045 	vm_page_unlock(m);
1046 }
1047 
1048 /*
1049  *	vm_page_flash:
1050  *
1051  *	Wakeup anyone waiting for the page.
1052  *	The ownership bits do not change.
1053  *
1054  *	The given page must be locked.
1055  */
1056 void
1057 vm_page_flash(vm_page_t m)
1058 {
1059 	u_int x;
1060 
1061 	vm_page_lock_assert(m, MA_OWNED);
1062 
1063 	for (;;) {
1064 		x = m->busy_lock;
1065 		if ((x & VPB_BIT_WAITERS) == 0)
1066 			return;
1067 		if (atomic_cmpset_int(&m->busy_lock, x,
1068 		    x & (~VPB_BIT_WAITERS)))
1069 			break;
1070 	}
1071 	wakeup(m);
1072 }
1073 
1074 /*
1075  * Avoid releasing and reacquiring the same page lock.
1076  */
1077 void
1078 vm_page_change_lock(vm_page_t m, struct mtx **mtx)
1079 {
1080 	struct mtx *mtx1;
1081 
1082 	mtx1 = vm_page_lockptr(m);
1083 	if (*mtx == mtx1)
1084 		return;
1085 	if (*mtx != NULL)
1086 		mtx_unlock(*mtx);
1087 	*mtx = mtx1;
1088 	mtx_lock(mtx1);
1089 }
1090 
1091 /*
1092  * Keep page from being freed by the page daemon
1093  * much of the same effect as wiring, except much lower
1094  * overhead and should be used only for *very* temporary
1095  * holding ("wiring").
1096  */
1097 void
1098 vm_page_hold(vm_page_t mem)
1099 {
1100 
1101 	vm_page_lock_assert(mem, MA_OWNED);
1102         mem->hold_count++;
1103 }
1104 
1105 void
1106 vm_page_unhold(vm_page_t mem)
1107 {
1108 
1109 	vm_page_lock_assert(mem, MA_OWNED);
1110 	KASSERT(mem->hold_count >= 1, ("vm_page_unhold: hold count < 0!!!"));
1111 	--mem->hold_count;
1112 	if (mem->hold_count == 0 && (mem->flags & PG_UNHOLDFREE) != 0)
1113 		vm_page_free_toq(mem);
1114 }
1115 
1116 /*
1117  *	vm_page_unhold_pages:
1118  *
1119  *	Unhold each of the pages that is referenced by the given array.
1120  */
1121 void
1122 vm_page_unhold_pages(vm_page_t *ma, int count)
1123 {
1124 	struct mtx *mtx;
1125 
1126 	mtx = NULL;
1127 	for (; count != 0; count--) {
1128 		vm_page_change_lock(*ma, &mtx);
1129 		vm_page_unhold(*ma);
1130 		ma++;
1131 	}
1132 	if (mtx != NULL)
1133 		mtx_unlock(mtx);
1134 }
1135 
1136 vm_page_t
1137 PHYS_TO_VM_PAGE(vm_paddr_t pa)
1138 {
1139 	vm_page_t m;
1140 
1141 #ifdef VM_PHYSSEG_SPARSE
1142 	m = vm_phys_paddr_to_vm_page(pa);
1143 	if (m == NULL)
1144 		m = vm_phys_fictitious_to_vm_page(pa);
1145 	return (m);
1146 #elif defined(VM_PHYSSEG_DENSE)
1147 	long pi;
1148 
1149 	pi = atop(pa);
1150 	if (pi >= first_page && (pi - first_page) < vm_page_array_size) {
1151 		m = &vm_page_array[pi - first_page];
1152 		return (m);
1153 	}
1154 	return (vm_phys_fictitious_to_vm_page(pa));
1155 #else
1156 #error "Either VM_PHYSSEG_DENSE or VM_PHYSSEG_SPARSE must be defined."
1157 #endif
1158 }
1159 
1160 /*
1161  *	vm_page_getfake:
1162  *
1163  *	Create a fictitious page with the specified physical address and
1164  *	memory attribute.  The memory attribute is the only the machine-
1165  *	dependent aspect of a fictitious page that must be initialized.
1166  */
1167 vm_page_t
1168 vm_page_getfake(vm_paddr_t paddr, vm_memattr_t memattr)
1169 {
1170 	vm_page_t m;
1171 
1172 	m = uma_zalloc(fakepg_zone, M_WAITOK | M_ZERO);
1173 	vm_page_initfake(m, paddr, memattr);
1174 	return (m);
1175 }
1176 
1177 void
1178 vm_page_initfake(vm_page_t m, vm_paddr_t paddr, vm_memattr_t memattr)
1179 {
1180 
1181 	if ((m->flags & PG_FICTITIOUS) != 0) {
1182 		/*
1183 		 * The page's memattr might have changed since the
1184 		 * previous initialization.  Update the pmap to the
1185 		 * new memattr.
1186 		 */
1187 		goto memattr;
1188 	}
1189 	m->phys_addr = paddr;
1190 	m->queue = PQ_NONE;
1191 	/* Fictitious pages don't use "segind". */
1192 	m->flags = PG_FICTITIOUS;
1193 	/* Fictitious pages don't use "order" or "pool". */
1194 	m->oflags = VPO_UNMANAGED;
1195 	m->busy_lock = VPB_SINGLE_EXCLUSIVER;
1196 	m->wire_count = 1;
1197 	pmap_page_init(m);
1198 memattr:
1199 	pmap_page_set_memattr(m, memattr);
1200 }
1201 
1202 /*
1203  *	vm_page_putfake:
1204  *
1205  *	Release a fictitious page.
1206  */
1207 void
1208 vm_page_putfake(vm_page_t m)
1209 {
1210 
1211 	KASSERT((m->oflags & VPO_UNMANAGED) != 0, ("managed %p", m));
1212 	KASSERT((m->flags & PG_FICTITIOUS) != 0,
1213 	    ("vm_page_putfake: bad page %p", m));
1214 	uma_zfree(fakepg_zone, m);
1215 }
1216 
1217 /*
1218  *	vm_page_updatefake:
1219  *
1220  *	Update the given fictitious page to the specified physical address and
1221  *	memory attribute.
1222  */
1223 void
1224 vm_page_updatefake(vm_page_t m, vm_paddr_t paddr, vm_memattr_t memattr)
1225 {
1226 
1227 	KASSERT((m->flags & PG_FICTITIOUS) != 0,
1228 	    ("vm_page_updatefake: bad page %p", m));
1229 	m->phys_addr = paddr;
1230 	pmap_page_set_memattr(m, memattr);
1231 }
1232 
1233 /*
1234  *	vm_page_free:
1235  *
1236  *	Free a page.
1237  */
1238 void
1239 vm_page_free(vm_page_t m)
1240 {
1241 
1242 	m->flags &= ~PG_ZERO;
1243 	vm_page_free_toq(m);
1244 }
1245 
1246 /*
1247  *	vm_page_free_zero:
1248  *
1249  *	Free a page to the zerod-pages queue
1250  */
1251 void
1252 vm_page_free_zero(vm_page_t m)
1253 {
1254 
1255 	m->flags |= PG_ZERO;
1256 	vm_page_free_toq(m);
1257 }
1258 
1259 /*
1260  * Unbusy and handle the page queueing for a page from a getpages request that
1261  * was optionally read ahead or behind.
1262  */
1263 void
1264 vm_page_readahead_finish(vm_page_t m)
1265 {
1266 
1267 	/* We shouldn't put invalid pages on queues. */
1268 	KASSERT(m->valid != 0, ("%s: %p is invalid", __func__, m));
1269 
1270 	/*
1271 	 * Since the page is not the actually needed one, whether it should
1272 	 * be activated or deactivated is not obvious.  Empirical results
1273 	 * have shown that deactivating the page is usually the best choice,
1274 	 * unless the page is wanted by another thread.
1275 	 */
1276 	vm_page_lock(m);
1277 	if ((m->busy_lock & VPB_BIT_WAITERS) != 0)
1278 		vm_page_activate(m);
1279 	else
1280 		vm_page_deactivate(m);
1281 	vm_page_unlock(m);
1282 	vm_page_xunbusy(m);
1283 }
1284 
1285 /*
1286  *	vm_page_sleep_if_busy:
1287  *
1288  *	Sleep and release the page queues lock if the page is busied.
1289  *	Returns TRUE if the thread slept.
1290  *
1291  *	The given page must be unlocked and object containing it must
1292  *	be locked.
1293  */
1294 int
1295 vm_page_sleep_if_busy(vm_page_t m, const char *msg)
1296 {
1297 	vm_object_t obj;
1298 
1299 	vm_page_lock_assert(m, MA_NOTOWNED);
1300 	VM_OBJECT_ASSERT_WLOCKED(m->object);
1301 
1302 	if (vm_page_busied(m)) {
1303 		/*
1304 		 * The page-specific object must be cached because page
1305 		 * identity can change during the sleep, causing the
1306 		 * re-lock of a different object.
1307 		 * It is assumed that a reference to the object is already
1308 		 * held by the callers.
1309 		 */
1310 		obj = m->object;
1311 		vm_page_lock(m);
1312 		VM_OBJECT_WUNLOCK(obj);
1313 		vm_page_busy_sleep(m, msg, false);
1314 		VM_OBJECT_WLOCK(obj);
1315 		return (TRUE);
1316 	}
1317 	return (FALSE);
1318 }
1319 
1320 /*
1321  *	vm_page_dirty_KBI:		[ internal use only ]
1322  *
1323  *	Set all bits in the page's dirty field.
1324  *
1325  *	The object containing the specified page must be locked if the
1326  *	call is made from the machine-independent layer.
1327  *
1328  *	See vm_page_clear_dirty_mask().
1329  *
1330  *	This function should only be called by vm_page_dirty().
1331  */
1332 void
1333 vm_page_dirty_KBI(vm_page_t m)
1334 {
1335 
1336 	/* Refer to this operation by its public name. */
1337 	KASSERT(m->valid == VM_PAGE_BITS_ALL,
1338 	    ("vm_page_dirty: page is invalid!"));
1339 	m->dirty = VM_PAGE_BITS_ALL;
1340 }
1341 
1342 /*
1343  *	vm_page_insert:		[ internal use only ]
1344  *
1345  *	Inserts the given mem entry into the object and object list.
1346  *
1347  *	The object must be locked.
1348  */
1349 int
1350 vm_page_insert(vm_page_t m, vm_object_t object, vm_pindex_t pindex)
1351 {
1352 	vm_page_t mpred;
1353 
1354 	VM_OBJECT_ASSERT_WLOCKED(object);
1355 	mpred = vm_radix_lookup_le(&object->rtree, pindex);
1356 	return (vm_page_insert_after(m, object, pindex, mpred));
1357 }
1358 
1359 /*
1360  *	vm_page_insert_after:
1361  *
1362  *	Inserts the page "m" into the specified object at offset "pindex".
1363  *
1364  *	The page "mpred" must immediately precede the offset "pindex" within
1365  *	the specified object.
1366  *
1367  *	The object must be locked.
1368  */
1369 static int
1370 vm_page_insert_after(vm_page_t m, vm_object_t object, vm_pindex_t pindex,
1371     vm_page_t mpred)
1372 {
1373 	vm_page_t msucc;
1374 
1375 	VM_OBJECT_ASSERT_WLOCKED(object);
1376 	KASSERT(m->object == NULL,
1377 	    ("vm_page_insert_after: page already inserted"));
1378 	if (mpred != NULL) {
1379 		KASSERT(mpred->object == object,
1380 		    ("vm_page_insert_after: object doesn't contain mpred"));
1381 		KASSERT(mpred->pindex < pindex,
1382 		    ("vm_page_insert_after: mpred doesn't precede pindex"));
1383 		msucc = TAILQ_NEXT(mpred, listq);
1384 	} else
1385 		msucc = TAILQ_FIRST(&object->memq);
1386 	if (msucc != NULL)
1387 		KASSERT(msucc->pindex > pindex,
1388 		    ("vm_page_insert_after: msucc doesn't succeed pindex"));
1389 
1390 	/*
1391 	 * Record the object/offset pair in this page
1392 	 */
1393 	m->object = object;
1394 	m->pindex = pindex;
1395 
1396 	/*
1397 	 * Now link into the object's ordered list of backed pages.
1398 	 */
1399 	if (vm_radix_insert(&object->rtree, m)) {
1400 		m->object = NULL;
1401 		m->pindex = 0;
1402 		return (1);
1403 	}
1404 	vm_page_insert_radixdone(m, object, mpred);
1405 	return (0);
1406 }
1407 
1408 /*
1409  *	vm_page_insert_radixdone:
1410  *
1411  *	Complete page "m" insertion into the specified object after the
1412  *	radix trie hooking.
1413  *
1414  *	The page "mpred" must precede the offset "m->pindex" within the
1415  *	specified object.
1416  *
1417  *	The object must be locked.
1418  */
1419 static void
1420 vm_page_insert_radixdone(vm_page_t m, vm_object_t object, vm_page_t mpred)
1421 {
1422 
1423 	VM_OBJECT_ASSERT_WLOCKED(object);
1424 	KASSERT(object != NULL && m->object == object,
1425 	    ("vm_page_insert_radixdone: page %p has inconsistent object", m));
1426 	if (mpred != NULL) {
1427 		KASSERT(mpred->object == object,
1428 		    ("vm_page_insert_after: object doesn't contain mpred"));
1429 		KASSERT(mpred->pindex < m->pindex,
1430 		    ("vm_page_insert_after: mpred doesn't precede pindex"));
1431 	}
1432 
1433 	if (mpred != NULL)
1434 		TAILQ_INSERT_AFTER(&object->memq, mpred, m, listq);
1435 	else
1436 		TAILQ_INSERT_HEAD(&object->memq, m, listq);
1437 
1438 	/*
1439 	 * Show that the object has one more resident page.
1440 	 */
1441 	object->resident_page_count++;
1442 
1443 	/*
1444 	 * Hold the vnode until the last page is released.
1445 	 */
1446 	if (object->resident_page_count == 1 && object->type == OBJT_VNODE)
1447 		vhold(object->handle);
1448 
1449 	/*
1450 	 * Since we are inserting a new and possibly dirty page,
1451 	 * update the object's OBJ_MIGHTBEDIRTY flag.
1452 	 */
1453 	if (pmap_page_is_write_mapped(m))
1454 		vm_object_set_writeable_dirty(object);
1455 }
1456 
1457 /*
1458  *	vm_page_remove:
1459  *
1460  *	Removes the specified page from its containing object, but does not
1461  *	invalidate any backing storage.
1462  *
1463  *	The object must be locked.  The page must be locked if it is managed.
1464  */
1465 void
1466 vm_page_remove(vm_page_t m)
1467 {
1468 	vm_object_t object;
1469 	vm_page_t mrem;
1470 
1471 	if ((m->oflags & VPO_UNMANAGED) == 0)
1472 		vm_page_assert_locked(m);
1473 	if ((object = m->object) == NULL)
1474 		return;
1475 	VM_OBJECT_ASSERT_WLOCKED(object);
1476 	if (vm_page_xbusied(m))
1477 		vm_page_xunbusy_maybelocked(m);
1478 	mrem = vm_radix_remove(&object->rtree, m->pindex);
1479 	KASSERT(mrem == m, ("removed page %p, expected page %p", mrem, m));
1480 
1481 	/*
1482 	 * Now remove from the object's list of backed pages.
1483 	 */
1484 	TAILQ_REMOVE(&object->memq, m, listq);
1485 
1486 	/*
1487 	 * And show that the object has one fewer resident page.
1488 	 */
1489 	object->resident_page_count--;
1490 
1491 	/*
1492 	 * The vnode may now be recycled.
1493 	 */
1494 	if (object->resident_page_count == 0 && object->type == OBJT_VNODE)
1495 		vdrop(object->handle);
1496 
1497 	m->object = NULL;
1498 }
1499 
1500 /*
1501  *	vm_page_lookup:
1502  *
1503  *	Returns the page associated with the object/offset
1504  *	pair specified; if none is found, NULL is returned.
1505  *
1506  *	The object must be locked.
1507  */
1508 vm_page_t
1509 vm_page_lookup(vm_object_t object, vm_pindex_t pindex)
1510 {
1511 
1512 	VM_OBJECT_ASSERT_LOCKED(object);
1513 	return (vm_radix_lookup(&object->rtree, pindex));
1514 }
1515 
1516 /*
1517  *	vm_page_find_least:
1518  *
1519  *	Returns the page associated with the object with least pindex
1520  *	greater than or equal to the parameter pindex, or NULL.
1521  *
1522  *	The object must be locked.
1523  */
1524 vm_page_t
1525 vm_page_find_least(vm_object_t object, vm_pindex_t pindex)
1526 {
1527 	vm_page_t m;
1528 
1529 	VM_OBJECT_ASSERT_LOCKED(object);
1530 	if ((m = TAILQ_FIRST(&object->memq)) != NULL && m->pindex < pindex)
1531 		m = vm_radix_lookup_ge(&object->rtree, pindex);
1532 	return (m);
1533 }
1534 
1535 /*
1536  * Returns the given page's successor (by pindex) within the object if it is
1537  * resident; if none is found, NULL is returned.
1538  *
1539  * The object must be locked.
1540  */
1541 vm_page_t
1542 vm_page_next(vm_page_t m)
1543 {
1544 	vm_page_t next;
1545 
1546 	VM_OBJECT_ASSERT_LOCKED(m->object);
1547 	if ((next = TAILQ_NEXT(m, listq)) != NULL) {
1548 		MPASS(next->object == m->object);
1549 		if (next->pindex != m->pindex + 1)
1550 			next = NULL;
1551 	}
1552 	return (next);
1553 }
1554 
1555 /*
1556  * Returns the given page's predecessor (by pindex) within the object if it is
1557  * resident; if none is found, NULL is returned.
1558  *
1559  * The object must be locked.
1560  */
1561 vm_page_t
1562 vm_page_prev(vm_page_t m)
1563 {
1564 	vm_page_t prev;
1565 
1566 	VM_OBJECT_ASSERT_LOCKED(m->object);
1567 	if ((prev = TAILQ_PREV(m, pglist, listq)) != NULL) {
1568 		MPASS(prev->object == m->object);
1569 		if (prev->pindex != m->pindex - 1)
1570 			prev = NULL;
1571 	}
1572 	return (prev);
1573 }
1574 
1575 /*
1576  * Uses the page mnew as a replacement for an existing page at index
1577  * pindex which must be already present in the object.
1578  *
1579  * The existing page must not be on a paging queue.
1580  */
1581 vm_page_t
1582 vm_page_replace(vm_page_t mnew, vm_object_t object, vm_pindex_t pindex)
1583 {
1584 	vm_page_t mold;
1585 
1586 	VM_OBJECT_ASSERT_WLOCKED(object);
1587 	KASSERT(mnew->object == NULL,
1588 	    ("vm_page_replace: page %p already in object", mnew));
1589 	KASSERT(mnew->queue == PQ_NONE,
1590 	    ("vm_page_replace: new page %p is on a paging queue", mnew));
1591 
1592 	/*
1593 	 * This function mostly follows vm_page_insert() and
1594 	 * vm_page_remove() without the radix, object count and vnode
1595 	 * dance.  Double check such functions for more comments.
1596 	 */
1597 
1598 	mnew->object = object;
1599 	mnew->pindex = pindex;
1600 	mold = vm_radix_replace(&object->rtree, mnew);
1601 	KASSERT(mold->queue == PQ_NONE,
1602 	    ("vm_page_replace: old page %p is on a paging queue", mold));
1603 
1604 	/* Keep the resident page list in sorted order. */
1605 	TAILQ_INSERT_AFTER(&object->memq, mold, mnew, listq);
1606 	TAILQ_REMOVE(&object->memq, mold, listq);
1607 
1608 	mold->object = NULL;
1609 	vm_page_xunbusy_maybelocked(mold);
1610 
1611 	/*
1612 	 * The object's resident_page_count does not change because we have
1613 	 * swapped one page for another, but OBJ_MIGHTBEDIRTY.
1614 	 */
1615 	if (pmap_page_is_write_mapped(mnew))
1616 		vm_object_set_writeable_dirty(object);
1617 	return (mold);
1618 }
1619 
1620 /*
1621  *	vm_page_rename:
1622  *
1623  *	Move the given memory entry from its
1624  *	current object to the specified target object/offset.
1625  *
1626  *	Note: swap associated with the page must be invalidated by the move.  We
1627  *	      have to do this for several reasons:  (1) we aren't freeing the
1628  *	      page, (2) we are dirtying the page, (3) the VM system is probably
1629  *	      moving the page from object A to B, and will then later move
1630  *	      the backing store from A to B and we can't have a conflict.
1631  *
1632  *	Note: we *always* dirty the page.  It is necessary both for the
1633  *	      fact that we moved it, and because we may be invalidating
1634  *	      swap.
1635  *
1636  *	The objects must be locked.
1637  */
1638 int
1639 vm_page_rename(vm_page_t m, vm_object_t new_object, vm_pindex_t new_pindex)
1640 {
1641 	vm_page_t mpred;
1642 	vm_pindex_t opidx;
1643 
1644 	VM_OBJECT_ASSERT_WLOCKED(new_object);
1645 
1646 	mpred = vm_radix_lookup_le(&new_object->rtree, new_pindex);
1647 	KASSERT(mpred == NULL || mpred->pindex != new_pindex,
1648 	    ("vm_page_rename: pindex already renamed"));
1649 
1650 	/*
1651 	 * Create a custom version of vm_page_insert() which does not depend
1652 	 * by m_prev and can cheat on the implementation aspects of the
1653 	 * function.
1654 	 */
1655 	opidx = m->pindex;
1656 	m->pindex = new_pindex;
1657 	if (vm_radix_insert(&new_object->rtree, m)) {
1658 		m->pindex = opidx;
1659 		return (1);
1660 	}
1661 
1662 	/*
1663 	 * The operation cannot fail anymore.  The removal must happen before
1664 	 * the listq iterator is tainted.
1665 	 */
1666 	m->pindex = opidx;
1667 	vm_page_lock(m);
1668 	vm_page_remove(m);
1669 
1670 	/* Return back to the new pindex to complete vm_page_insert(). */
1671 	m->pindex = new_pindex;
1672 	m->object = new_object;
1673 	vm_page_unlock(m);
1674 	vm_page_insert_radixdone(m, new_object, mpred);
1675 	vm_page_dirty(m);
1676 	return (0);
1677 }
1678 
1679 /*
1680  *	vm_page_alloc:
1681  *
1682  *	Allocate and return a page that is associated with the specified
1683  *	object and offset pair.  By default, this page is exclusive busied.
1684  *
1685  *	The caller must always specify an allocation class.
1686  *
1687  *	allocation classes:
1688  *	VM_ALLOC_NORMAL		normal process request
1689  *	VM_ALLOC_SYSTEM		system *really* needs a page
1690  *	VM_ALLOC_INTERRUPT	interrupt time request
1691  *
1692  *	optional allocation flags:
1693  *	VM_ALLOC_COUNT(number)	the number of additional pages that the caller
1694  *				intends to allocate
1695  *	VM_ALLOC_NOBUSY		do not exclusive busy the page
1696  *	VM_ALLOC_NODUMP		do not include the page in a kernel core dump
1697  *	VM_ALLOC_NOOBJ		page is not associated with an object and
1698  *				should not be exclusive busy
1699  *	VM_ALLOC_SBUSY		shared busy the allocated page
1700  *	VM_ALLOC_WIRED		wire the allocated page
1701  *	VM_ALLOC_ZERO		prefer a zeroed page
1702  */
1703 vm_page_t
1704 vm_page_alloc(vm_object_t object, vm_pindex_t pindex, int req)
1705 {
1706 
1707 	return (vm_page_alloc_after(object, pindex, req, object != NULL ?
1708 	    vm_radix_lookup_le(&object->rtree, pindex) : NULL));
1709 }
1710 
1711 vm_page_t
1712 vm_page_alloc_domain(vm_object_t object, vm_pindex_t pindex, int domain,
1713     int req)
1714 {
1715 
1716 	return (vm_page_alloc_domain_after(object, pindex, domain, req,
1717 	    object != NULL ? vm_radix_lookup_le(&object->rtree, pindex) :
1718 	    NULL));
1719 }
1720 
1721 /*
1722  * Allocate a page in the specified object with the given page index.  To
1723  * optimize insertion of the page into the object, the caller must also specifiy
1724  * the resident page in the object with largest index smaller than the given
1725  * page index, or NULL if no such page exists.
1726  */
1727 vm_page_t
1728 vm_page_alloc_after(vm_object_t object, vm_pindex_t pindex,
1729     int req, vm_page_t mpred)
1730 {
1731 	struct vm_domainset_iter di;
1732 	vm_page_t m;
1733 	int domain;
1734 
1735 	vm_domainset_iter_page_init(&di, object, pindex, &domain, &req);
1736 	do {
1737 		m = vm_page_alloc_domain_after(object, pindex, domain, req,
1738 		    mpred);
1739 		if (m != NULL)
1740 			break;
1741 	} while (vm_domainset_iter_page(&di, object, &domain) == 0);
1742 
1743 	return (m);
1744 }
1745 
1746 /*
1747  * Returns true if the number of free pages exceeds the minimum
1748  * for the request class and false otherwise.
1749  */
1750 int
1751 vm_domain_allocate(struct vm_domain *vmd, int req, int npages)
1752 {
1753 	u_int limit, old, new;
1754 
1755 	req = req & VM_ALLOC_CLASS_MASK;
1756 
1757 	/*
1758 	 * The page daemon is allowed to dig deeper into the free page list.
1759 	 */
1760 	if (curproc == pageproc && req != VM_ALLOC_INTERRUPT)
1761 		req = VM_ALLOC_SYSTEM;
1762 	if (req == VM_ALLOC_INTERRUPT)
1763 		limit = 0;
1764 	else if (req == VM_ALLOC_SYSTEM)
1765 		limit = vmd->vmd_interrupt_free_min;
1766 	else
1767 		limit = vmd->vmd_free_reserved;
1768 
1769 	/*
1770 	 * Attempt to reserve the pages.  Fail if we're below the limit.
1771 	 */
1772 	limit += npages;
1773 	old = vmd->vmd_free_count;
1774 	do {
1775 		if (old < limit)
1776 			return (0);
1777 		new = old - npages;
1778 	} while (atomic_fcmpset_int(&vmd->vmd_free_count, &old, new) == 0);
1779 
1780 	/* Wake the page daemon if we've crossed the threshold. */
1781 	if (vm_paging_needed(vmd, new) && !vm_paging_needed(vmd, old))
1782 		pagedaemon_wakeup(vmd->vmd_domain);
1783 
1784 	/* Only update bitsets on transitions. */
1785 	if ((old >= vmd->vmd_free_min && new < vmd->vmd_free_min) ||
1786 	    (old >= vmd->vmd_free_severe && new < vmd->vmd_free_severe))
1787 		vm_domain_set(vmd);
1788 
1789 	return (1);
1790 }
1791 
1792 vm_page_t
1793 vm_page_alloc_domain_after(vm_object_t object, vm_pindex_t pindex, int domain,
1794     int req, vm_page_t mpred)
1795 {
1796 	struct vm_domain *vmd;
1797 	vm_page_t m;
1798 	int flags;
1799 
1800 	KASSERT((object != NULL) == ((req & VM_ALLOC_NOOBJ) == 0) &&
1801 	    (object != NULL || (req & VM_ALLOC_SBUSY) == 0) &&
1802 	    ((req & (VM_ALLOC_NOBUSY | VM_ALLOC_SBUSY)) !=
1803 	    (VM_ALLOC_NOBUSY | VM_ALLOC_SBUSY)),
1804 	    ("inconsistent object(%p)/req(%x)", object, req));
1805 	KASSERT(object == NULL || (req & VM_ALLOC_WAITOK) == 0,
1806 	    ("Can't sleep and retry object insertion."));
1807 	KASSERT(mpred == NULL || mpred->pindex < pindex,
1808 	    ("mpred %p doesn't precede pindex 0x%jx", mpred,
1809 	    (uintmax_t)pindex));
1810 	if (object != NULL)
1811 		VM_OBJECT_ASSERT_WLOCKED(object);
1812 
1813 again:
1814 	m = NULL;
1815 #if VM_NRESERVLEVEL > 0
1816 	/*
1817 	 * Can we allocate the page from a reservation?
1818 	 */
1819 	if (vm_object_reserv(object) &&
1820 	    (m = vm_reserv_alloc_page(object, pindex, domain, req, mpred)) !=
1821 	    NULL) {
1822 		domain = vm_phys_domain(m);
1823 		vmd = VM_DOMAIN(domain);
1824 		goto found;
1825 	}
1826 #endif
1827 	vmd = VM_DOMAIN(domain);
1828 	if (object != NULL && vmd->vmd_pgcache != NULL) {
1829 		m = uma_zalloc(vmd->vmd_pgcache, M_NOWAIT);
1830 		if (m != NULL)
1831 			goto found;
1832 	}
1833 	if (vm_domain_allocate(vmd, req, 1)) {
1834 		/*
1835 		 * If not, allocate it from the free page queues.
1836 		 */
1837 		vm_domain_free_lock(vmd);
1838 		m = vm_phys_alloc_pages(domain, object != NULL ?
1839 		    VM_FREEPOOL_DEFAULT : VM_FREEPOOL_DIRECT, 0);
1840 		vm_domain_free_unlock(vmd);
1841 		if (m == NULL) {
1842 			vm_domain_freecnt_inc(vmd, 1);
1843 #if VM_NRESERVLEVEL > 0
1844 			if (vm_reserv_reclaim_inactive(domain))
1845 				goto again;
1846 #endif
1847 		}
1848 	}
1849 	if (m == NULL) {
1850 		/*
1851 		 * Not allocatable, give up.
1852 		 */
1853 		if (vm_domain_alloc_fail(vmd, object, req))
1854 			goto again;
1855 		return (NULL);
1856 	}
1857 
1858 	/*
1859 	 *  At this point we had better have found a good page.
1860 	 */
1861 	KASSERT(m != NULL, ("missing page"));
1862 
1863 found:
1864 	vm_page_dequeue(m);
1865 	vm_page_alloc_check(m);
1866 
1867 	/*
1868 	 * Initialize the page.  Only the PG_ZERO flag is inherited.
1869 	 */
1870 	flags = 0;
1871 	if ((req & VM_ALLOC_ZERO) != 0)
1872 		flags = PG_ZERO;
1873 	flags &= m->flags;
1874 	if ((req & VM_ALLOC_NODUMP) != 0)
1875 		flags |= PG_NODUMP;
1876 	m->flags = flags;
1877 	m->aflags = 0;
1878 	m->oflags = object == NULL || (object->flags & OBJ_UNMANAGED) != 0 ?
1879 	    VPO_UNMANAGED : 0;
1880 	m->busy_lock = VPB_UNBUSIED;
1881 	if ((req & (VM_ALLOC_NOBUSY | VM_ALLOC_NOOBJ | VM_ALLOC_SBUSY)) == 0)
1882 		m->busy_lock = VPB_SINGLE_EXCLUSIVER;
1883 	if ((req & VM_ALLOC_SBUSY) != 0)
1884 		m->busy_lock = VPB_SHARERS_WORD(1);
1885 	if (req & VM_ALLOC_WIRED) {
1886 		/*
1887 		 * The page lock is not required for wiring a page until that
1888 		 * page is inserted into the object.
1889 		 */
1890 		vm_wire_add(1);
1891 		m->wire_count = 1;
1892 	}
1893 	m->act_count = 0;
1894 
1895 	if (object != NULL) {
1896 		if (vm_page_insert_after(m, object, pindex, mpred)) {
1897 			if (req & VM_ALLOC_WIRED) {
1898 				vm_wire_sub(1);
1899 				m->wire_count = 0;
1900 			}
1901 			KASSERT(m->object == NULL, ("page %p has object", m));
1902 			m->oflags = VPO_UNMANAGED;
1903 			m->busy_lock = VPB_UNBUSIED;
1904 			/* Don't change PG_ZERO. */
1905 			vm_page_free_toq(m);
1906 			if (req & VM_ALLOC_WAITFAIL) {
1907 				VM_OBJECT_WUNLOCK(object);
1908 				vm_radix_wait();
1909 				VM_OBJECT_WLOCK(object);
1910 			}
1911 			return (NULL);
1912 		}
1913 
1914 		/* Ignore device objects; the pager sets "memattr" for them. */
1915 		if (object->memattr != VM_MEMATTR_DEFAULT &&
1916 		    (object->flags & OBJ_FICTITIOUS) == 0)
1917 			pmap_page_set_memattr(m, object->memattr);
1918 	} else
1919 		m->pindex = pindex;
1920 
1921 	return (m);
1922 }
1923 
1924 /*
1925  *	vm_page_alloc_contig:
1926  *
1927  *	Allocate a contiguous set of physical pages of the given size "npages"
1928  *	from the free lists.  All of the physical pages must be at or above
1929  *	the given physical address "low" and below the given physical address
1930  *	"high".  The given value "alignment" determines the alignment of the
1931  *	first physical page in the set.  If the given value "boundary" is
1932  *	non-zero, then the set of physical pages cannot cross any physical
1933  *	address boundary that is a multiple of that value.  Both "alignment"
1934  *	and "boundary" must be a power of two.
1935  *
1936  *	If the specified memory attribute, "memattr", is VM_MEMATTR_DEFAULT,
1937  *	then the memory attribute setting for the physical pages is configured
1938  *	to the object's memory attribute setting.  Otherwise, the memory
1939  *	attribute setting for the physical pages is configured to "memattr",
1940  *	overriding the object's memory attribute setting.  However, if the
1941  *	object's memory attribute setting is not VM_MEMATTR_DEFAULT, then the
1942  *	memory attribute setting for the physical pages cannot be configured
1943  *	to VM_MEMATTR_DEFAULT.
1944  *
1945  *	The specified object may not contain fictitious pages.
1946  *
1947  *	The caller must always specify an allocation class.
1948  *
1949  *	allocation classes:
1950  *	VM_ALLOC_NORMAL		normal process request
1951  *	VM_ALLOC_SYSTEM		system *really* needs a page
1952  *	VM_ALLOC_INTERRUPT	interrupt time request
1953  *
1954  *	optional allocation flags:
1955  *	VM_ALLOC_NOBUSY		do not exclusive busy the page
1956  *	VM_ALLOC_NODUMP		do not include the page in a kernel core dump
1957  *	VM_ALLOC_NOOBJ		page is not associated with an object and
1958  *				should not be exclusive busy
1959  *	VM_ALLOC_SBUSY		shared busy the allocated page
1960  *	VM_ALLOC_WIRED		wire the allocated page
1961  *	VM_ALLOC_ZERO		prefer a zeroed page
1962  */
1963 vm_page_t
1964 vm_page_alloc_contig(vm_object_t object, vm_pindex_t pindex, int req,
1965     u_long npages, vm_paddr_t low, vm_paddr_t high, u_long alignment,
1966     vm_paddr_t boundary, vm_memattr_t memattr)
1967 {
1968 	struct vm_domainset_iter di;
1969 	vm_page_t m;
1970 	int domain;
1971 
1972 	vm_domainset_iter_page_init(&di, object, pindex, &domain, &req);
1973 	do {
1974 		m = vm_page_alloc_contig_domain(object, pindex, domain, req,
1975 		    npages, low, high, alignment, boundary, memattr);
1976 		if (m != NULL)
1977 			break;
1978 	} while (vm_domainset_iter_page(&di, object, &domain) == 0);
1979 
1980 	return (m);
1981 }
1982 
1983 vm_page_t
1984 vm_page_alloc_contig_domain(vm_object_t object, vm_pindex_t pindex, int domain,
1985     int req, u_long npages, vm_paddr_t low, vm_paddr_t high, u_long alignment,
1986     vm_paddr_t boundary, vm_memattr_t memattr)
1987 {
1988 	struct vm_domain *vmd;
1989 	vm_page_t m, m_ret, mpred;
1990 	u_int busy_lock, flags, oflags;
1991 
1992 	mpred = NULL;	/* XXX: pacify gcc */
1993 	KASSERT((object != NULL) == ((req & VM_ALLOC_NOOBJ) == 0) &&
1994 	    (object != NULL || (req & VM_ALLOC_SBUSY) == 0) &&
1995 	    ((req & (VM_ALLOC_NOBUSY | VM_ALLOC_SBUSY)) !=
1996 	    (VM_ALLOC_NOBUSY | VM_ALLOC_SBUSY)),
1997 	    ("vm_page_alloc_contig: inconsistent object(%p)/req(%x)", object,
1998 	    req));
1999 	KASSERT(object == NULL || (req & VM_ALLOC_WAITOK) == 0,
2000 	    ("Can't sleep and retry object insertion."));
2001 	if (object != NULL) {
2002 		VM_OBJECT_ASSERT_WLOCKED(object);
2003 		KASSERT((object->flags & OBJ_FICTITIOUS) == 0,
2004 		    ("vm_page_alloc_contig: object %p has fictitious pages",
2005 		    object));
2006 	}
2007 	KASSERT(npages > 0, ("vm_page_alloc_contig: npages is zero"));
2008 
2009 	if (object != NULL) {
2010 		mpred = vm_radix_lookup_le(&object->rtree, pindex);
2011 		KASSERT(mpred == NULL || mpred->pindex != pindex,
2012 		    ("vm_page_alloc_contig: pindex already allocated"));
2013 	}
2014 
2015 	/*
2016 	 * Can we allocate the pages without the number of free pages falling
2017 	 * below the lower bound for the allocation class?
2018 	 */
2019 again:
2020 #if VM_NRESERVLEVEL > 0
2021 	/*
2022 	 * Can we allocate the pages from a reservation?
2023 	 */
2024 	if (vm_object_reserv(object) &&
2025 	    (m_ret = vm_reserv_alloc_contig(object, pindex, domain, req,
2026 	    mpred, npages, low, high, alignment, boundary)) != NULL) {
2027 		domain = vm_phys_domain(m_ret);
2028 		vmd = VM_DOMAIN(domain);
2029 		goto found;
2030 	}
2031 #endif
2032 	m_ret = NULL;
2033 	vmd = VM_DOMAIN(domain);
2034 	if (vm_domain_allocate(vmd, req, npages)) {
2035 		/*
2036 		 * allocate them from the free page queues.
2037 		 */
2038 		vm_domain_free_lock(vmd);
2039 		m_ret = vm_phys_alloc_contig(domain, npages, low, high,
2040 		    alignment, boundary);
2041 		vm_domain_free_unlock(vmd);
2042 		if (m_ret == NULL) {
2043 			vm_domain_freecnt_inc(vmd, npages);
2044 #if VM_NRESERVLEVEL > 0
2045 			if (vm_reserv_reclaim_contig(domain, npages, low,
2046 			    high, alignment, boundary))
2047 				goto again;
2048 #endif
2049 		}
2050 	}
2051 	if (m_ret == NULL) {
2052 		if (vm_domain_alloc_fail(vmd, object, req))
2053 			goto again;
2054 		return (NULL);
2055 	}
2056 #if VM_NRESERVLEVEL > 0
2057 found:
2058 #endif
2059 	for (m = m_ret; m < &m_ret[npages]; m++) {
2060 		vm_page_dequeue(m);
2061 		vm_page_alloc_check(m);
2062 	}
2063 
2064 	/*
2065 	 * Initialize the pages.  Only the PG_ZERO flag is inherited.
2066 	 */
2067 	flags = 0;
2068 	if ((req & VM_ALLOC_ZERO) != 0)
2069 		flags = PG_ZERO;
2070 	if ((req & VM_ALLOC_NODUMP) != 0)
2071 		flags |= PG_NODUMP;
2072 	oflags = object == NULL || (object->flags & OBJ_UNMANAGED) != 0 ?
2073 	    VPO_UNMANAGED : 0;
2074 	busy_lock = VPB_UNBUSIED;
2075 	if ((req & (VM_ALLOC_NOBUSY | VM_ALLOC_NOOBJ | VM_ALLOC_SBUSY)) == 0)
2076 		busy_lock = VPB_SINGLE_EXCLUSIVER;
2077 	if ((req & VM_ALLOC_SBUSY) != 0)
2078 		busy_lock = VPB_SHARERS_WORD(1);
2079 	if ((req & VM_ALLOC_WIRED) != 0)
2080 		vm_wire_add(npages);
2081 	if (object != NULL) {
2082 		if (object->memattr != VM_MEMATTR_DEFAULT &&
2083 		    memattr == VM_MEMATTR_DEFAULT)
2084 			memattr = object->memattr;
2085 	}
2086 	for (m = m_ret; m < &m_ret[npages]; m++) {
2087 		m->aflags = 0;
2088 		m->flags = (m->flags | PG_NODUMP) & flags;
2089 		m->busy_lock = busy_lock;
2090 		if ((req & VM_ALLOC_WIRED) != 0)
2091 			m->wire_count = 1;
2092 		m->act_count = 0;
2093 		m->oflags = oflags;
2094 		if (object != NULL) {
2095 			if (vm_page_insert_after(m, object, pindex, mpred)) {
2096 				if ((req & VM_ALLOC_WIRED) != 0)
2097 					vm_wire_sub(npages);
2098 				KASSERT(m->object == NULL,
2099 				    ("page %p has object", m));
2100 				mpred = m;
2101 				for (m = m_ret; m < &m_ret[npages]; m++) {
2102 					if (m <= mpred &&
2103 					    (req & VM_ALLOC_WIRED) != 0)
2104 						m->wire_count = 0;
2105 					m->oflags = VPO_UNMANAGED;
2106 					m->busy_lock = VPB_UNBUSIED;
2107 					/* Don't change PG_ZERO. */
2108 					vm_page_free_toq(m);
2109 				}
2110 				if (req & VM_ALLOC_WAITFAIL) {
2111 					VM_OBJECT_WUNLOCK(object);
2112 					vm_radix_wait();
2113 					VM_OBJECT_WLOCK(object);
2114 				}
2115 				return (NULL);
2116 			}
2117 			mpred = m;
2118 		} else
2119 			m->pindex = pindex;
2120 		if (memattr != VM_MEMATTR_DEFAULT)
2121 			pmap_page_set_memattr(m, memattr);
2122 		pindex++;
2123 	}
2124 	return (m_ret);
2125 }
2126 
2127 /*
2128  * Check a page that has been freshly dequeued from a freelist.
2129  */
2130 static void
2131 vm_page_alloc_check(vm_page_t m)
2132 {
2133 
2134 	KASSERT(m->object == NULL, ("page %p has object", m));
2135 	KASSERT(m->queue == PQ_NONE && (m->aflags & PGA_QUEUE_STATE_MASK) == 0,
2136 	    ("page %p has unexpected queue %d, flags %#x",
2137 	    m, m->queue, (m->aflags & PGA_QUEUE_STATE_MASK)));
2138 	KASSERT(!vm_page_held(m), ("page %p is held", m));
2139 	KASSERT(!vm_page_busied(m), ("page %p is busy", m));
2140 	KASSERT(m->dirty == 0, ("page %p is dirty", m));
2141 	KASSERT(pmap_page_get_memattr(m) == VM_MEMATTR_DEFAULT,
2142 	    ("page %p has unexpected memattr %d",
2143 	    m, pmap_page_get_memattr(m)));
2144 	KASSERT(m->valid == 0, ("free page %p is valid", m));
2145 }
2146 
2147 /*
2148  * 	vm_page_alloc_freelist:
2149  *
2150  *	Allocate a physical page from the specified free page list.
2151  *
2152  *	The caller must always specify an allocation class.
2153  *
2154  *	allocation classes:
2155  *	VM_ALLOC_NORMAL		normal process request
2156  *	VM_ALLOC_SYSTEM		system *really* needs a page
2157  *	VM_ALLOC_INTERRUPT	interrupt time request
2158  *
2159  *	optional allocation flags:
2160  *	VM_ALLOC_COUNT(number)	the number of additional pages that the caller
2161  *				intends to allocate
2162  *	VM_ALLOC_WIRED		wire the allocated page
2163  *	VM_ALLOC_ZERO		prefer a zeroed page
2164  */
2165 vm_page_t
2166 vm_page_alloc_freelist(int freelist, int req)
2167 {
2168 	struct vm_domainset_iter di;
2169 	vm_page_t m;
2170 	int domain;
2171 
2172 	vm_domainset_iter_page_init(&di, NULL, 0, &domain, &req);
2173 	do {
2174 		m = vm_page_alloc_freelist_domain(domain, freelist, req);
2175 		if (m != NULL)
2176 			break;
2177 	} while (vm_domainset_iter_page(&di, NULL, &domain) == 0);
2178 
2179 	return (m);
2180 }
2181 
2182 vm_page_t
2183 vm_page_alloc_freelist_domain(int domain, int freelist, int req)
2184 {
2185 	struct vm_domain *vmd;
2186 	vm_page_t m;
2187 	u_int flags;
2188 
2189 	m = NULL;
2190 	vmd = VM_DOMAIN(domain);
2191 again:
2192 	if (vm_domain_allocate(vmd, req, 1)) {
2193 		vm_domain_free_lock(vmd);
2194 		m = vm_phys_alloc_freelist_pages(domain, freelist,
2195 		    VM_FREEPOOL_DIRECT, 0);
2196 		vm_domain_free_unlock(vmd);
2197 		if (m == NULL)
2198 			vm_domain_freecnt_inc(vmd, 1);
2199 	}
2200 	if (m == NULL) {
2201 		if (vm_domain_alloc_fail(vmd, NULL, req))
2202 			goto again;
2203 		return (NULL);
2204 	}
2205 	vm_page_dequeue(m);
2206 	vm_page_alloc_check(m);
2207 
2208 	/*
2209 	 * Initialize the page.  Only the PG_ZERO flag is inherited.
2210 	 */
2211 	m->aflags = 0;
2212 	flags = 0;
2213 	if ((req & VM_ALLOC_ZERO) != 0)
2214 		flags = PG_ZERO;
2215 	m->flags &= flags;
2216 	if ((req & VM_ALLOC_WIRED) != 0) {
2217 		/*
2218 		 * The page lock is not required for wiring a page that does
2219 		 * not belong to an object.
2220 		 */
2221 		vm_wire_add(1);
2222 		m->wire_count = 1;
2223 	}
2224 	/* Unmanaged pages don't use "act_count". */
2225 	m->oflags = VPO_UNMANAGED;
2226 	return (m);
2227 }
2228 
2229 static int
2230 vm_page_import(void *arg, void **store, int cnt, int domain, int flags)
2231 {
2232 	struct vm_domain *vmd;
2233 	int i;
2234 
2235 	vmd = arg;
2236 	/* Only import if we can bring in a full bucket. */
2237 	if (cnt == 1 || !vm_domain_allocate(vmd, VM_ALLOC_NORMAL, cnt))
2238 		return (0);
2239 	domain = vmd->vmd_domain;
2240 	vm_domain_free_lock(vmd);
2241 	i = vm_phys_alloc_npages(domain, VM_FREEPOOL_DEFAULT, cnt,
2242 	    (vm_page_t *)store);
2243 	vm_domain_free_unlock(vmd);
2244 	if (cnt != i)
2245 		vm_domain_freecnt_inc(vmd, cnt - i);
2246 
2247 	return (i);
2248 }
2249 
2250 static void
2251 vm_page_release(void *arg, void **store, int cnt)
2252 {
2253 	struct vm_domain *vmd;
2254 	vm_page_t m;
2255 	int i;
2256 
2257 	vmd = arg;
2258 	vm_domain_free_lock(vmd);
2259 	for (i = 0; i < cnt; i++) {
2260 		m = (vm_page_t)store[i];
2261 		vm_phys_free_pages(m, 0);
2262 	}
2263 	vm_domain_free_unlock(vmd);
2264 	vm_domain_freecnt_inc(vmd, cnt);
2265 }
2266 
2267 #define	VPSC_ANY	0	/* No restrictions. */
2268 #define	VPSC_NORESERV	1	/* Skip reservations; implies VPSC_NOSUPER. */
2269 #define	VPSC_NOSUPER	2	/* Skip superpages. */
2270 
2271 /*
2272  *	vm_page_scan_contig:
2273  *
2274  *	Scan vm_page_array[] between the specified entries "m_start" and
2275  *	"m_end" for a run of contiguous physical pages that satisfy the
2276  *	specified conditions, and return the lowest page in the run.  The
2277  *	specified "alignment" determines the alignment of the lowest physical
2278  *	page in the run.  If the specified "boundary" is non-zero, then the
2279  *	run of physical pages cannot span a physical address that is a
2280  *	multiple of "boundary".
2281  *
2282  *	"m_end" is never dereferenced, so it need not point to a vm_page
2283  *	structure within vm_page_array[].
2284  *
2285  *	"npages" must be greater than zero.  "m_start" and "m_end" must not
2286  *	span a hole (or discontiguity) in the physical address space.  Both
2287  *	"alignment" and "boundary" must be a power of two.
2288  */
2289 vm_page_t
2290 vm_page_scan_contig(u_long npages, vm_page_t m_start, vm_page_t m_end,
2291     u_long alignment, vm_paddr_t boundary, int options)
2292 {
2293 	struct mtx *m_mtx;
2294 	vm_object_t object;
2295 	vm_paddr_t pa;
2296 	vm_page_t m, m_run;
2297 #if VM_NRESERVLEVEL > 0
2298 	int level;
2299 #endif
2300 	int m_inc, order, run_ext, run_len;
2301 
2302 	KASSERT(npages > 0, ("npages is 0"));
2303 	KASSERT(powerof2(alignment), ("alignment is not a power of 2"));
2304 	KASSERT(powerof2(boundary), ("boundary is not a power of 2"));
2305 	m_run = NULL;
2306 	run_len = 0;
2307 	m_mtx = NULL;
2308 	for (m = m_start; m < m_end && run_len < npages; m += m_inc) {
2309 		KASSERT((m->flags & PG_MARKER) == 0,
2310 		    ("page %p is PG_MARKER", m));
2311 		KASSERT((m->flags & PG_FICTITIOUS) == 0 || m->wire_count == 1,
2312 		    ("fictitious page %p has invalid wire count", m));
2313 
2314 		/*
2315 		 * If the current page would be the start of a run, check its
2316 		 * physical address against the end, alignment, and boundary
2317 		 * conditions.  If it doesn't satisfy these conditions, either
2318 		 * terminate the scan or advance to the next page that
2319 		 * satisfies the failed condition.
2320 		 */
2321 		if (run_len == 0) {
2322 			KASSERT(m_run == NULL, ("m_run != NULL"));
2323 			if (m + npages > m_end)
2324 				break;
2325 			pa = VM_PAGE_TO_PHYS(m);
2326 			if ((pa & (alignment - 1)) != 0) {
2327 				m_inc = atop(roundup2(pa, alignment) - pa);
2328 				continue;
2329 			}
2330 			if (rounddown2(pa ^ (pa + ptoa(npages) - 1),
2331 			    boundary) != 0) {
2332 				m_inc = atop(roundup2(pa, boundary) - pa);
2333 				continue;
2334 			}
2335 		} else
2336 			KASSERT(m_run != NULL, ("m_run == NULL"));
2337 
2338 		vm_page_change_lock(m, &m_mtx);
2339 		m_inc = 1;
2340 retry:
2341 		if (vm_page_held(m))
2342 			run_ext = 0;
2343 #if VM_NRESERVLEVEL > 0
2344 		else if ((level = vm_reserv_level(m)) >= 0 &&
2345 		    (options & VPSC_NORESERV) != 0) {
2346 			run_ext = 0;
2347 			/* Advance to the end of the reservation. */
2348 			pa = VM_PAGE_TO_PHYS(m);
2349 			m_inc = atop(roundup2(pa + 1, vm_reserv_size(level)) -
2350 			    pa);
2351 		}
2352 #endif
2353 		else if ((object = m->object) != NULL) {
2354 			/*
2355 			 * The page is considered eligible for relocation if
2356 			 * and only if it could be laundered or reclaimed by
2357 			 * the page daemon.
2358 			 */
2359 			if (!VM_OBJECT_TRYRLOCK(object)) {
2360 				mtx_unlock(m_mtx);
2361 				VM_OBJECT_RLOCK(object);
2362 				mtx_lock(m_mtx);
2363 				if (m->object != object) {
2364 					/*
2365 					 * The page may have been freed.
2366 					 */
2367 					VM_OBJECT_RUNLOCK(object);
2368 					goto retry;
2369 				} else if (vm_page_held(m)) {
2370 					run_ext = 0;
2371 					goto unlock;
2372 				}
2373 			}
2374 			KASSERT((m->flags & PG_UNHOLDFREE) == 0,
2375 			    ("page %p is PG_UNHOLDFREE", m));
2376 			/* Don't care: PG_NODUMP, PG_ZERO. */
2377 			if (object->type != OBJT_DEFAULT &&
2378 			    object->type != OBJT_SWAP &&
2379 			    object->type != OBJT_VNODE) {
2380 				run_ext = 0;
2381 #if VM_NRESERVLEVEL > 0
2382 			} else if ((options & VPSC_NOSUPER) != 0 &&
2383 			    (level = vm_reserv_level_iffullpop(m)) >= 0) {
2384 				run_ext = 0;
2385 				/* Advance to the end of the superpage. */
2386 				pa = VM_PAGE_TO_PHYS(m);
2387 				m_inc = atop(roundup2(pa + 1,
2388 				    vm_reserv_size(level)) - pa);
2389 #endif
2390 			} else if (object->memattr == VM_MEMATTR_DEFAULT &&
2391 			    vm_page_queue(m) != PQ_NONE && !vm_page_busied(m)) {
2392 				/*
2393 				 * The page is allocated but eligible for
2394 				 * relocation.  Extend the current run by one
2395 				 * page.
2396 				 */
2397 				KASSERT(pmap_page_get_memattr(m) ==
2398 				    VM_MEMATTR_DEFAULT,
2399 				    ("page %p has an unexpected memattr", m));
2400 				KASSERT((m->oflags & (VPO_SWAPINPROG |
2401 				    VPO_SWAPSLEEP | VPO_UNMANAGED)) == 0,
2402 				    ("page %p has unexpected oflags", m));
2403 				/* Don't care: VPO_NOSYNC. */
2404 				run_ext = 1;
2405 			} else
2406 				run_ext = 0;
2407 unlock:
2408 			VM_OBJECT_RUNLOCK(object);
2409 #if VM_NRESERVLEVEL > 0
2410 		} else if (level >= 0) {
2411 			/*
2412 			 * The page is reserved but not yet allocated.  In
2413 			 * other words, it is still free.  Extend the current
2414 			 * run by one page.
2415 			 */
2416 			run_ext = 1;
2417 #endif
2418 		} else if ((order = m->order) < VM_NFREEORDER) {
2419 			/*
2420 			 * The page is enqueued in the physical memory
2421 			 * allocator's free page queues.  Moreover, it is the
2422 			 * first page in a power-of-two-sized run of
2423 			 * contiguous free pages.  Add these pages to the end
2424 			 * of the current run, and jump ahead.
2425 			 */
2426 			run_ext = 1 << order;
2427 			m_inc = 1 << order;
2428 		} else {
2429 			/*
2430 			 * Skip the page for one of the following reasons: (1)
2431 			 * It is enqueued in the physical memory allocator's
2432 			 * free page queues.  However, it is not the first
2433 			 * page in a run of contiguous free pages.  (This case
2434 			 * rarely occurs because the scan is performed in
2435 			 * ascending order.) (2) It is not reserved, and it is
2436 			 * transitioning from free to allocated.  (Conversely,
2437 			 * the transition from allocated to free for managed
2438 			 * pages is blocked by the page lock.) (3) It is
2439 			 * allocated but not contained by an object and not
2440 			 * wired, e.g., allocated by Xen's balloon driver.
2441 			 */
2442 			run_ext = 0;
2443 		}
2444 
2445 		/*
2446 		 * Extend or reset the current run of pages.
2447 		 */
2448 		if (run_ext > 0) {
2449 			if (run_len == 0)
2450 				m_run = m;
2451 			run_len += run_ext;
2452 		} else {
2453 			if (run_len > 0) {
2454 				m_run = NULL;
2455 				run_len = 0;
2456 			}
2457 		}
2458 	}
2459 	if (m_mtx != NULL)
2460 		mtx_unlock(m_mtx);
2461 	if (run_len >= npages)
2462 		return (m_run);
2463 	return (NULL);
2464 }
2465 
2466 /*
2467  *	vm_page_reclaim_run:
2468  *
2469  *	Try to relocate each of the allocated virtual pages within the
2470  *	specified run of physical pages to a new physical address.  Free the
2471  *	physical pages underlying the relocated virtual pages.  A virtual page
2472  *	is relocatable if and only if it could be laundered or reclaimed by
2473  *	the page daemon.  Whenever possible, a virtual page is relocated to a
2474  *	physical address above "high".
2475  *
2476  *	Returns 0 if every physical page within the run was already free or
2477  *	just freed by a successful relocation.  Otherwise, returns a non-zero
2478  *	value indicating why the last attempt to relocate a virtual page was
2479  *	unsuccessful.
2480  *
2481  *	"req_class" must be an allocation class.
2482  */
2483 static int
2484 vm_page_reclaim_run(int req_class, int domain, u_long npages, vm_page_t m_run,
2485     vm_paddr_t high)
2486 {
2487 	struct vm_domain *vmd;
2488 	struct mtx *m_mtx;
2489 	struct spglist free;
2490 	vm_object_t object;
2491 	vm_paddr_t pa;
2492 	vm_page_t m, m_end, m_new;
2493 	int error, order, req;
2494 
2495 	KASSERT((req_class & VM_ALLOC_CLASS_MASK) == req_class,
2496 	    ("req_class is not an allocation class"));
2497 	SLIST_INIT(&free);
2498 	error = 0;
2499 	m = m_run;
2500 	m_end = m_run + npages;
2501 	m_mtx = NULL;
2502 	for (; error == 0 && m < m_end; m++) {
2503 		KASSERT((m->flags & (PG_FICTITIOUS | PG_MARKER)) == 0,
2504 		    ("page %p is PG_FICTITIOUS or PG_MARKER", m));
2505 
2506 		/*
2507 		 * Avoid releasing and reacquiring the same page lock.
2508 		 */
2509 		vm_page_change_lock(m, &m_mtx);
2510 retry:
2511 		if (vm_page_held(m))
2512 			error = EBUSY;
2513 		else if ((object = m->object) != NULL) {
2514 			/*
2515 			 * The page is relocated if and only if it could be
2516 			 * laundered or reclaimed by the page daemon.
2517 			 */
2518 			if (!VM_OBJECT_TRYWLOCK(object)) {
2519 				mtx_unlock(m_mtx);
2520 				VM_OBJECT_WLOCK(object);
2521 				mtx_lock(m_mtx);
2522 				if (m->object != object) {
2523 					/*
2524 					 * The page may have been freed.
2525 					 */
2526 					VM_OBJECT_WUNLOCK(object);
2527 					goto retry;
2528 				} else if (vm_page_held(m)) {
2529 					error = EBUSY;
2530 					goto unlock;
2531 				}
2532 			}
2533 			KASSERT((m->flags & PG_UNHOLDFREE) == 0,
2534 			    ("page %p is PG_UNHOLDFREE", m));
2535 			/* Don't care: PG_NODUMP, PG_ZERO. */
2536 			if (object->type != OBJT_DEFAULT &&
2537 			    object->type != OBJT_SWAP &&
2538 			    object->type != OBJT_VNODE)
2539 				error = EINVAL;
2540 			else if (object->memattr != VM_MEMATTR_DEFAULT)
2541 				error = EINVAL;
2542 			else if (vm_page_queue(m) != PQ_NONE &&
2543 			    !vm_page_busied(m)) {
2544 				KASSERT(pmap_page_get_memattr(m) ==
2545 				    VM_MEMATTR_DEFAULT,
2546 				    ("page %p has an unexpected memattr", m));
2547 				KASSERT((m->oflags & (VPO_SWAPINPROG |
2548 				    VPO_SWAPSLEEP | VPO_UNMANAGED)) == 0,
2549 				    ("page %p has unexpected oflags", m));
2550 				/* Don't care: VPO_NOSYNC. */
2551 				if (m->valid != 0) {
2552 					/*
2553 					 * First, try to allocate a new page
2554 					 * that is above "high".  Failing
2555 					 * that, try to allocate a new page
2556 					 * that is below "m_run".  Allocate
2557 					 * the new page between the end of
2558 					 * "m_run" and "high" only as a last
2559 					 * resort.
2560 					 */
2561 					req = req_class | VM_ALLOC_NOOBJ;
2562 					if ((m->flags & PG_NODUMP) != 0)
2563 						req |= VM_ALLOC_NODUMP;
2564 					if (trunc_page(high) !=
2565 					    ~(vm_paddr_t)PAGE_MASK) {
2566 						m_new = vm_page_alloc_contig(
2567 						    NULL, 0, req, 1,
2568 						    round_page(high),
2569 						    ~(vm_paddr_t)0,
2570 						    PAGE_SIZE, 0,
2571 						    VM_MEMATTR_DEFAULT);
2572 					} else
2573 						m_new = NULL;
2574 					if (m_new == NULL) {
2575 						pa = VM_PAGE_TO_PHYS(m_run);
2576 						m_new = vm_page_alloc_contig(
2577 						    NULL, 0, req, 1,
2578 						    0, pa - 1, PAGE_SIZE, 0,
2579 						    VM_MEMATTR_DEFAULT);
2580 					}
2581 					if (m_new == NULL) {
2582 						pa += ptoa(npages);
2583 						m_new = vm_page_alloc_contig(
2584 						    NULL, 0, req, 1,
2585 						    pa, high, PAGE_SIZE, 0,
2586 						    VM_MEMATTR_DEFAULT);
2587 					}
2588 					if (m_new == NULL) {
2589 						error = ENOMEM;
2590 						goto unlock;
2591 					}
2592 					KASSERT(!vm_page_wired(m_new),
2593 					    ("page %p is wired", m_new));
2594 
2595 					/*
2596 					 * Replace "m" with the new page.  For
2597 					 * vm_page_replace(), "m" must be busy
2598 					 * and dequeued.  Finally, change "m"
2599 					 * as if vm_page_free() was called.
2600 					 */
2601 					if (object->ref_count != 0)
2602 						pmap_remove_all(m);
2603 					m_new->aflags = m->aflags &
2604 					    ~PGA_QUEUE_STATE_MASK;
2605 					KASSERT(m_new->oflags == VPO_UNMANAGED,
2606 					    ("page %p is managed", m_new));
2607 					m_new->oflags = m->oflags & VPO_NOSYNC;
2608 					pmap_copy_page(m, m_new);
2609 					m_new->valid = m->valid;
2610 					m_new->dirty = m->dirty;
2611 					m->flags &= ~PG_ZERO;
2612 					vm_page_xbusy(m);
2613 					vm_page_dequeue(m);
2614 					vm_page_replace_checked(m_new, object,
2615 					    m->pindex, m);
2616 					if (vm_page_free_prep(m))
2617 						SLIST_INSERT_HEAD(&free, m,
2618 						    plinks.s.ss);
2619 
2620 					/*
2621 					 * The new page must be deactivated
2622 					 * before the object is unlocked.
2623 					 */
2624 					vm_page_change_lock(m_new, &m_mtx);
2625 					vm_page_deactivate(m_new);
2626 				} else {
2627 					m->flags &= ~PG_ZERO;
2628 					vm_page_dequeue(m);
2629 					if (vm_page_free_prep(m))
2630 						SLIST_INSERT_HEAD(&free, m,
2631 						    plinks.s.ss);
2632 					KASSERT(m->dirty == 0,
2633 					    ("page %p is dirty", m));
2634 				}
2635 			} else
2636 				error = EBUSY;
2637 unlock:
2638 			VM_OBJECT_WUNLOCK(object);
2639 		} else {
2640 			MPASS(vm_phys_domain(m) == domain);
2641 			vmd = VM_DOMAIN(domain);
2642 			vm_domain_free_lock(vmd);
2643 			order = m->order;
2644 			if (order < VM_NFREEORDER) {
2645 				/*
2646 				 * The page is enqueued in the physical memory
2647 				 * allocator's free page queues.  Moreover, it
2648 				 * is the first page in a power-of-two-sized
2649 				 * run of contiguous free pages.  Jump ahead
2650 				 * to the last page within that run, and
2651 				 * continue from there.
2652 				 */
2653 				m += (1 << order) - 1;
2654 			}
2655 #if VM_NRESERVLEVEL > 0
2656 			else if (vm_reserv_is_page_free(m))
2657 				order = 0;
2658 #endif
2659 			vm_domain_free_unlock(vmd);
2660 			if (order == VM_NFREEORDER)
2661 				error = EINVAL;
2662 		}
2663 	}
2664 	if (m_mtx != NULL)
2665 		mtx_unlock(m_mtx);
2666 	if ((m = SLIST_FIRST(&free)) != NULL) {
2667 		int cnt;
2668 
2669 		vmd = VM_DOMAIN(domain);
2670 		cnt = 0;
2671 		vm_domain_free_lock(vmd);
2672 		do {
2673 			MPASS(vm_phys_domain(m) == domain);
2674 			SLIST_REMOVE_HEAD(&free, plinks.s.ss);
2675 			vm_phys_free_pages(m, 0);
2676 			cnt++;
2677 		} while ((m = SLIST_FIRST(&free)) != NULL);
2678 		vm_domain_free_unlock(vmd);
2679 		vm_domain_freecnt_inc(vmd, cnt);
2680 	}
2681 	return (error);
2682 }
2683 
2684 #define	NRUNS	16
2685 
2686 CTASSERT(powerof2(NRUNS));
2687 
2688 #define	RUN_INDEX(count)	((count) & (NRUNS - 1))
2689 
2690 #define	MIN_RECLAIM	8
2691 
2692 /*
2693  *	vm_page_reclaim_contig:
2694  *
2695  *	Reclaim allocated, contiguous physical memory satisfying the specified
2696  *	conditions by relocating the virtual pages using that physical memory.
2697  *	Returns true if reclamation is successful and false otherwise.  Since
2698  *	relocation requires the allocation of physical pages, reclamation may
2699  *	fail due to a shortage of free pages.  When reclamation fails, callers
2700  *	are expected to perform vm_wait() before retrying a failed allocation
2701  *	operation, e.g., vm_page_alloc_contig().
2702  *
2703  *	The caller must always specify an allocation class through "req".
2704  *
2705  *	allocation classes:
2706  *	VM_ALLOC_NORMAL		normal process request
2707  *	VM_ALLOC_SYSTEM		system *really* needs a page
2708  *	VM_ALLOC_INTERRUPT	interrupt time request
2709  *
2710  *	The optional allocation flags are ignored.
2711  *
2712  *	"npages" must be greater than zero.  Both "alignment" and "boundary"
2713  *	must be a power of two.
2714  */
2715 bool
2716 vm_page_reclaim_contig_domain(int domain, int req, u_long npages,
2717     vm_paddr_t low, vm_paddr_t high, u_long alignment, vm_paddr_t boundary)
2718 {
2719 	struct vm_domain *vmd;
2720 	vm_paddr_t curr_low;
2721 	vm_page_t m_run, m_runs[NRUNS];
2722 	u_long count, reclaimed;
2723 	int error, i, options, req_class;
2724 
2725 	KASSERT(npages > 0, ("npages is 0"));
2726 	KASSERT(powerof2(alignment), ("alignment is not a power of 2"));
2727 	KASSERT(powerof2(boundary), ("boundary is not a power of 2"));
2728 	req_class = req & VM_ALLOC_CLASS_MASK;
2729 
2730 	/*
2731 	 * The page daemon is allowed to dig deeper into the free page list.
2732 	 */
2733 	if (curproc == pageproc && req_class != VM_ALLOC_INTERRUPT)
2734 		req_class = VM_ALLOC_SYSTEM;
2735 
2736 	/*
2737 	 * Return if the number of free pages cannot satisfy the requested
2738 	 * allocation.
2739 	 */
2740 	vmd = VM_DOMAIN(domain);
2741 	count = vmd->vmd_free_count;
2742 	if (count < npages + vmd->vmd_free_reserved || (count < npages +
2743 	    vmd->vmd_interrupt_free_min && req_class == VM_ALLOC_SYSTEM) ||
2744 	    (count < npages && req_class == VM_ALLOC_INTERRUPT))
2745 		return (false);
2746 
2747 	/*
2748 	 * Scan up to three times, relaxing the restrictions ("options") on
2749 	 * the reclamation of reservations and superpages each time.
2750 	 */
2751 	for (options = VPSC_NORESERV;;) {
2752 		/*
2753 		 * Find the highest runs that satisfy the given constraints
2754 		 * and restrictions, and record them in "m_runs".
2755 		 */
2756 		curr_low = low;
2757 		count = 0;
2758 		for (;;) {
2759 			m_run = vm_phys_scan_contig(domain, npages, curr_low,
2760 			    high, alignment, boundary, options);
2761 			if (m_run == NULL)
2762 				break;
2763 			curr_low = VM_PAGE_TO_PHYS(m_run) + ptoa(npages);
2764 			m_runs[RUN_INDEX(count)] = m_run;
2765 			count++;
2766 		}
2767 
2768 		/*
2769 		 * Reclaim the highest runs in LIFO (descending) order until
2770 		 * the number of reclaimed pages, "reclaimed", is at least
2771 		 * MIN_RECLAIM.  Reset "reclaimed" each time because each
2772 		 * reclamation is idempotent, and runs will (likely) recur
2773 		 * from one scan to the next as restrictions are relaxed.
2774 		 */
2775 		reclaimed = 0;
2776 		for (i = 0; count > 0 && i < NRUNS; i++) {
2777 			count--;
2778 			m_run = m_runs[RUN_INDEX(count)];
2779 			error = vm_page_reclaim_run(req_class, domain, npages,
2780 			    m_run, high);
2781 			if (error == 0) {
2782 				reclaimed += npages;
2783 				if (reclaimed >= MIN_RECLAIM)
2784 					return (true);
2785 			}
2786 		}
2787 
2788 		/*
2789 		 * Either relax the restrictions on the next scan or return if
2790 		 * the last scan had no restrictions.
2791 		 */
2792 		if (options == VPSC_NORESERV)
2793 			options = VPSC_NOSUPER;
2794 		else if (options == VPSC_NOSUPER)
2795 			options = VPSC_ANY;
2796 		else if (options == VPSC_ANY)
2797 			return (reclaimed != 0);
2798 	}
2799 }
2800 
2801 bool
2802 vm_page_reclaim_contig(int req, u_long npages, vm_paddr_t low, vm_paddr_t high,
2803     u_long alignment, vm_paddr_t boundary)
2804 {
2805 	struct vm_domainset_iter di;
2806 	int domain;
2807 	bool ret;
2808 
2809 	vm_domainset_iter_page_init(&di, NULL, 0, &domain, &req);
2810 	do {
2811 		ret = vm_page_reclaim_contig_domain(domain, req, npages, low,
2812 		    high, alignment, boundary);
2813 		if (ret)
2814 			break;
2815 	} while (vm_domainset_iter_page(&di, NULL, &domain) == 0);
2816 
2817 	return (ret);
2818 }
2819 
2820 /*
2821  * Set the domain in the appropriate page level domainset.
2822  */
2823 void
2824 vm_domain_set(struct vm_domain *vmd)
2825 {
2826 
2827 	mtx_lock(&vm_domainset_lock);
2828 	if (!vmd->vmd_minset && vm_paging_min(vmd)) {
2829 		vmd->vmd_minset = 1;
2830 		DOMAINSET_SET(vmd->vmd_domain, &vm_min_domains);
2831 	}
2832 	if (!vmd->vmd_severeset && vm_paging_severe(vmd)) {
2833 		vmd->vmd_severeset = 1;
2834 		DOMAINSET_SET(vmd->vmd_domain, &vm_severe_domains);
2835 	}
2836 	mtx_unlock(&vm_domainset_lock);
2837 }
2838 
2839 /*
2840  * Clear the domain from the appropriate page level domainset.
2841  */
2842 void
2843 vm_domain_clear(struct vm_domain *vmd)
2844 {
2845 
2846 	mtx_lock(&vm_domainset_lock);
2847 	if (vmd->vmd_minset && !vm_paging_min(vmd)) {
2848 		vmd->vmd_minset = 0;
2849 		DOMAINSET_CLR(vmd->vmd_domain, &vm_min_domains);
2850 		if (vm_min_waiters != 0) {
2851 			vm_min_waiters = 0;
2852 			wakeup(&vm_min_domains);
2853 		}
2854 	}
2855 	if (vmd->vmd_severeset && !vm_paging_severe(vmd)) {
2856 		vmd->vmd_severeset = 0;
2857 		DOMAINSET_CLR(vmd->vmd_domain, &vm_severe_domains);
2858 		if (vm_severe_waiters != 0) {
2859 			vm_severe_waiters = 0;
2860 			wakeup(&vm_severe_domains);
2861 		}
2862 	}
2863 
2864 	/*
2865 	 * If pageout daemon needs pages, then tell it that there are
2866 	 * some free.
2867 	 */
2868 	if (vmd->vmd_pageout_pages_needed &&
2869 	    vmd->vmd_free_count >= vmd->vmd_pageout_free_min) {
2870 		wakeup(&vmd->vmd_pageout_pages_needed);
2871 		vmd->vmd_pageout_pages_needed = 0;
2872 	}
2873 
2874 	/* See comments in vm_wait_doms(). */
2875 	if (vm_pageproc_waiters) {
2876 		vm_pageproc_waiters = 0;
2877 		wakeup(&vm_pageproc_waiters);
2878 	}
2879 	mtx_unlock(&vm_domainset_lock);
2880 }
2881 
2882 /*
2883  * Wait for free pages to exceed the min threshold globally.
2884  */
2885 void
2886 vm_wait_min(void)
2887 {
2888 
2889 	mtx_lock(&vm_domainset_lock);
2890 	while (vm_page_count_min()) {
2891 		vm_min_waiters++;
2892 		msleep(&vm_min_domains, &vm_domainset_lock, PVM, "vmwait", 0);
2893 	}
2894 	mtx_unlock(&vm_domainset_lock);
2895 }
2896 
2897 /*
2898  * Wait for free pages to exceed the severe threshold globally.
2899  */
2900 void
2901 vm_wait_severe(void)
2902 {
2903 
2904 	mtx_lock(&vm_domainset_lock);
2905 	while (vm_page_count_severe()) {
2906 		vm_severe_waiters++;
2907 		msleep(&vm_severe_domains, &vm_domainset_lock, PVM,
2908 		    "vmwait", 0);
2909 	}
2910 	mtx_unlock(&vm_domainset_lock);
2911 }
2912 
2913 u_int
2914 vm_wait_count(void)
2915 {
2916 
2917 	return (vm_severe_waiters + vm_min_waiters + vm_pageproc_waiters);
2918 }
2919 
2920 void
2921 vm_wait_doms(const domainset_t *wdoms)
2922 {
2923 
2924 	/*
2925 	 * We use racey wakeup synchronization to avoid expensive global
2926 	 * locking for the pageproc when sleeping with a non-specific vm_wait.
2927 	 * To handle this, we only sleep for one tick in this instance.  It
2928 	 * is expected that most allocations for the pageproc will come from
2929 	 * kmem or vm_page_grab* which will use the more specific and
2930 	 * race-free vm_wait_domain().
2931 	 */
2932 	if (curproc == pageproc) {
2933 		mtx_lock(&vm_domainset_lock);
2934 		vm_pageproc_waiters++;
2935 		msleep(&vm_pageproc_waiters, &vm_domainset_lock, PVM | PDROP,
2936 		    "pageprocwait", 1);
2937 	} else {
2938 		/*
2939 		 * XXX Ideally we would wait only until the allocation could
2940 		 * be satisfied.  This condition can cause new allocators to
2941 		 * consume all freed pages while old allocators wait.
2942 		 */
2943 		mtx_lock(&vm_domainset_lock);
2944 		if (vm_page_count_min_set(wdoms)) {
2945 			vm_min_waiters++;
2946 			msleep(&vm_min_domains, &vm_domainset_lock,
2947 			    PVM | PDROP, "vmwait", 0);
2948 		} else
2949 			mtx_unlock(&vm_domainset_lock);
2950 	}
2951 }
2952 
2953 /*
2954  *	vm_wait_domain:
2955  *
2956  *	Sleep until free pages are available for allocation.
2957  *	- Called in various places after failed memory allocations.
2958  */
2959 void
2960 vm_wait_domain(int domain)
2961 {
2962 	struct vm_domain *vmd;
2963 	domainset_t wdom;
2964 
2965 	vmd = VM_DOMAIN(domain);
2966 	vm_domain_free_assert_unlocked(vmd);
2967 
2968 	if (curproc == pageproc) {
2969 		mtx_lock(&vm_domainset_lock);
2970 		if (vmd->vmd_free_count < vmd->vmd_pageout_free_min) {
2971 			vmd->vmd_pageout_pages_needed = 1;
2972 			msleep(&vmd->vmd_pageout_pages_needed,
2973 			    &vm_domainset_lock, PDROP | PSWP, "VMWait", 0);
2974 		} else
2975 			mtx_unlock(&vm_domainset_lock);
2976 	} else {
2977 		if (pageproc == NULL)
2978 			panic("vm_wait in early boot");
2979 		DOMAINSET_ZERO(&wdom);
2980 		DOMAINSET_SET(vmd->vmd_domain, &wdom);
2981 		vm_wait_doms(&wdom);
2982 	}
2983 }
2984 
2985 /*
2986  *	vm_wait:
2987  *
2988  *	Sleep until free pages are available for allocation in the
2989  *	affinity domains of the obj.  If obj is NULL, the domain set
2990  *	for the calling thread is used.
2991  *	Called in various places after failed memory allocations.
2992  */
2993 void
2994 vm_wait(vm_object_t obj)
2995 {
2996 	struct domainset *d;
2997 
2998 	d = NULL;
2999 
3000 	/*
3001 	 * Carefully fetch pointers only once: the struct domainset
3002 	 * itself is ummutable but the pointer might change.
3003 	 */
3004 	if (obj != NULL)
3005 		d = obj->domain.dr_policy;
3006 	if (d == NULL)
3007 		d = curthread->td_domain.dr_policy;
3008 
3009 	vm_wait_doms(&d->ds_mask);
3010 }
3011 
3012 /*
3013  *	vm_domain_alloc_fail:
3014  *
3015  *	Called when a page allocation function fails.  Informs the
3016  *	pagedaemon and performs the requested wait.  Requires the
3017  *	domain_free and object lock on entry.  Returns with the
3018  *	object lock held and free lock released.  Returns an error when
3019  *	retry is necessary.
3020  *
3021  */
3022 static int
3023 vm_domain_alloc_fail(struct vm_domain *vmd, vm_object_t object, int req)
3024 {
3025 
3026 	vm_domain_free_assert_unlocked(vmd);
3027 
3028 	atomic_add_int(&vmd->vmd_pageout_deficit,
3029 	    max((u_int)req >> VM_ALLOC_COUNT_SHIFT, 1));
3030 	if (req & (VM_ALLOC_WAITOK | VM_ALLOC_WAITFAIL)) {
3031 		if (object != NULL)
3032 			VM_OBJECT_WUNLOCK(object);
3033 		vm_wait_domain(vmd->vmd_domain);
3034 		if (object != NULL)
3035 			VM_OBJECT_WLOCK(object);
3036 		if (req & VM_ALLOC_WAITOK)
3037 			return (EAGAIN);
3038 	}
3039 
3040 	return (0);
3041 }
3042 
3043 /*
3044  *	vm_waitpfault:
3045  *
3046  *	Sleep until free pages are available for allocation.
3047  *	- Called only in vm_fault so that processes page faulting
3048  *	  can be easily tracked.
3049  *	- Sleeps at a lower priority than vm_wait() so that vm_wait()ing
3050  *	  processes will be able to grab memory first.  Do not change
3051  *	  this balance without careful testing first.
3052  */
3053 void
3054 vm_waitpfault(struct domainset *dset)
3055 {
3056 
3057 	/*
3058 	 * XXX Ideally we would wait only until the allocation could
3059 	 * be satisfied.  This condition can cause new allocators to
3060 	 * consume all freed pages while old allocators wait.
3061 	 */
3062 	mtx_lock(&vm_domainset_lock);
3063 	if (vm_page_count_min_set(&dset->ds_mask)) {
3064 		vm_min_waiters++;
3065 		msleep(&vm_min_domains, &vm_domainset_lock, PUSER | PDROP,
3066 		    "pfault", 0);
3067 	} else
3068 		mtx_unlock(&vm_domainset_lock);
3069 }
3070 
3071 struct vm_pagequeue *
3072 vm_page_pagequeue(vm_page_t m)
3073 {
3074 
3075 	return (&vm_pagequeue_domain(m)->vmd_pagequeues[m->queue]);
3076 }
3077 
3078 static struct mtx *
3079 vm_page_pagequeue_lockptr(vm_page_t m)
3080 {
3081 	uint8_t queue;
3082 
3083 	if ((queue = atomic_load_8(&m->queue)) == PQ_NONE)
3084 		return (NULL);
3085 	return (&vm_pagequeue_domain(m)->vmd_pagequeues[queue].pq_mutex);
3086 }
3087 
3088 static inline void
3089 vm_pqbatch_process_page(struct vm_pagequeue *pq, vm_page_t m)
3090 {
3091 	struct vm_domain *vmd;
3092 	uint8_t qflags;
3093 
3094 	CRITICAL_ASSERT(curthread);
3095 	vm_pagequeue_assert_locked(pq);
3096 
3097 	/*
3098 	 * The page daemon is allowed to set m->queue = PQ_NONE without
3099 	 * the page queue lock held.  In this case it is about to free the page,
3100 	 * which must not have any queue state.
3101 	 */
3102 	qflags = atomic_load_8(&m->aflags) & PGA_QUEUE_STATE_MASK;
3103 	KASSERT(pq == vm_page_pagequeue(m) || qflags == 0,
3104 	    ("page %p doesn't belong to queue %p but has queue state %#x",
3105 	    m, pq, qflags));
3106 
3107 	if ((qflags & PGA_DEQUEUE) != 0) {
3108 		if (__predict_true((qflags & PGA_ENQUEUED) != 0)) {
3109 			TAILQ_REMOVE(&pq->pq_pl, m, plinks.q);
3110 			vm_pagequeue_cnt_dec(pq);
3111 		}
3112 		vm_page_dequeue_complete(m);
3113 	} else if ((qflags & (PGA_REQUEUE | PGA_REQUEUE_HEAD)) != 0) {
3114 		if ((qflags & PGA_ENQUEUED) != 0)
3115 			TAILQ_REMOVE(&pq->pq_pl, m, plinks.q);
3116 		else {
3117 			vm_pagequeue_cnt_inc(pq);
3118 			vm_page_aflag_set(m, PGA_ENQUEUED);
3119 		}
3120 		if ((qflags & PGA_REQUEUE_HEAD) != 0) {
3121 			KASSERT(m->queue == PQ_INACTIVE,
3122 			    ("head enqueue not supported for page %p", m));
3123 			vmd = vm_pagequeue_domain(m);
3124 			TAILQ_INSERT_BEFORE(&vmd->vmd_inacthead, m, plinks.q);
3125 		} else
3126 			TAILQ_INSERT_TAIL(&pq->pq_pl, m, plinks.q);
3127 
3128 		/*
3129 		 * PGA_REQUEUE and PGA_REQUEUE_HEAD must be cleared after
3130 		 * setting PGA_ENQUEUED in order to synchronize with the
3131 		 * page daemon.
3132 		 */
3133 		vm_page_aflag_clear(m, PGA_REQUEUE | PGA_REQUEUE_HEAD);
3134 	}
3135 }
3136 
3137 static void
3138 vm_pqbatch_process(struct vm_pagequeue *pq, struct vm_batchqueue *bq,
3139     uint8_t queue)
3140 {
3141 	vm_page_t m;
3142 	int i;
3143 
3144 	for (i = 0; i < bq->bq_cnt; i++) {
3145 		m = bq->bq_pa[i];
3146 		if (__predict_false(m->queue != queue))
3147 			continue;
3148 		vm_pqbatch_process_page(pq, m);
3149 	}
3150 	vm_batchqueue_init(bq);
3151 }
3152 
3153 static void
3154 vm_pqbatch_submit_page(vm_page_t m, uint8_t queue)
3155 {
3156 	struct vm_batchqueue *bq;
3157 	struct vm_pagequeue *pq;
3158 	int domain;
3159 
3160 	KASSERT((m->oflags & VPO_UNMANAGED) == 0,
3161 	    ("page %p is unmanaged", m));
3162 	KASSERT(mtx_owned(vm_page_lockptr(m)) ||
3163 	    (m->object == NULL && (m->aflags & PGA_DEQUEUE) != 0),
3164 	    ("missing synchronization for page %p", m));
3165 	KASSERT(queue < PQ_COUNT, ("invalid queue %d", queue));
3166 
3167 	domain = vm_phys_domain(m);
3168 	pq = &vm_pagequeue_domain(m)->vmd_pagequeues[queue];
3169 
3170 	critical_enter();
3171 	bq = DPCPU_PTR(pqbatch[domain][queue]);
3172 	if (vm_batchqueue_insert(bq, m)) {
3173 		critical_exit();
3174 		return;
3175 	}
3176 	if (!vm_pagequeue_trylock(pq)) {
3177 		critical_exit();
3178 		vm_pagequeue_lock(pq);
3179 		critical_enter();
3180 		bq = DPCPU_PTR(pqbatch[domain][queue]);
3181 	}
3182 	vm_pqbatch_process(pq, bq, queue);
3183 
3184 	/*
3185 	 * The page may have been logically dequeued before we acquired the
3186 	 * page queue lock.  In this case, since we either hold the page lock
3187 	 * or the page is being freed, a different thread cannot be concurrently
3188 	 * enqueuing the page.
3189 	 */
3190 	if (__predict_true(m->queue == queue))
3191 		vm_pqbatch_process_page(pq, m);
3192 	else {
3193 		KASSERT(m->queue == PQ_NONE,
3194 		    ("invalid queue transition for page %p", m));
3195 		KASSERT((m->aflags & PGA_ENQUEUED) == 0,
3196 		    ("page %p is enqueued with invalid queue index", m));
3197 		vm_page_aflag_clear(m, PGA_QUEUE_STATE_MASK);
3198 	}
3199 	vm_pagequeue_unlock(pq);
3200 	critical_exit();
3201 }
3202 
3203 /*
3204  *	vm_page_drain_pqbatch:		[ internal use only ]
3205  *
3206  *	Force all per-CPU page queue batch queues to be drained.  This is
3207  *	intended for use in severe memory shortages, to ensure that pages
3208  *	do not remain stuck in the batch queues.
3209  */
3210 void
3211 vm_page_drain_pqbatch(void)
3212 {
3213 	struct thread *td;
3214 	struct vm_domain *vmd;
3215 	struct vm_pagequeue *pq;
3216 	int cpu, domain, queue;
3217 
3218 	td = curthread;
3219 	CPU_FOREACH(cpu) {
3220 		thread_lock(td);
3221 		sched_bind(td, cpu);
3222 		thread_unlock(td);
3223 
3224 		for (domain = 0; domain < vm_ndomains; domain++) {
3225 			vmd = VM_DOMAIN(domain);
3226 			for (queue = 0; queue < PQ_COUNT; queue++) {
3227 				pq = &vmd->vmd_pagequeues[queue];
3228 				vm_pagequeue_lock(pq);
3229 				critical_enter();
3230 				vm_pqbatch_process(pq,
3231 				    DPCPU_PTR(pqbatch[domain][queue]), queue);
3232 				critical_exit();
3233 				vm_pagequeue_unlock(pq);
3234 			}
3235 		}
3236 	}
3237 	thread_lock(td);
3238 	sched_unbind(td);
3239 	thread_unlock(td);
3240 }
3241 
3242 /*
3243  * Complete the logical removal of a page from a page queue.  We must be
3244  * careful to synchronize with the page daemon, which may be concurrently
3245  * examining the page with only the page lock held.  The page must not be
3246  * in a state where it appears to be logically enqueued.
3247  */
3248 static void
3249 vm_page_dequeue_complete(vm_page_t m)
3250 {
3251 
3252 	m->queue = PQ_NONE;
3253 	atomic_thread_fence_rel();
3254 	vm_page_aflag_clear(m, PGA_QUEUE_STATE_MASK);
3255 }
3256 
3257 /*
3258  *	vm_page_dequeue_deferred:	[ internal use only ]
3259  *
3260  *	Request removal of the given page from its current page
3261  *	queue.  Physical removal from the queue may be deferred
3262  *	indefinitely.
3263  *
3264  *	The page must be locked.
3265  */
3266 void
3267 vm_page_dequeue_deferred(vm_page_t m)
3268 {
3269 	uint8_t queue;
3270 
3271 	vm_page_assert_locked(m);
3272 
3273 	if ((queue = vm_page_queue(m)) == PQ_NONE)
3274 		return;
3275 	vm_page_aflag_set(m, PGA_DEQUEUE);
3276 	vm_pqbatch_submit_page(m, queue);
3277 }
3278 
3279 /*
3280  * A variant of vm_page_dequeue_deferred() that does not assert the page
3281  * lock and is only to be called from vm_page_free_prep().  It is just an
3282  * open-coded implementation of vm_page_dequeue_deferred().  Because the
3283  * page is being freed, we can assume that nothing else is scheduling queue
3284  * operations on this page, so we get for free the mutual exclusion that
3285  * is otherwise provided by the page lock.
3286  */
3287 static void
3288 vm_page_dequeue_deferred_free(vm_page_t m)
3289 {
3290 	uint8_t queue;
3291 
3292 	KASSERT(m->object == NULL, ("page %p has an object reference", m));
3293 
3294 	if ((m->aflags & PGA_DEQUEUE) != 0)
3295 		return;
3296 	atomic_thread_fence_acq();
3297 	if ((queue = m->queue) == PQ_NONE)
3298 		return;
3299 	vm_page_aflag_set(m, PGA_DEQUEUE);
3300 	vm_pqbatch_submit_page(m, queue);
3301 }
3302 
3303 /*
3304  *	vm_page_dequeue:
3305  *
3306  *	Remove the page from whichever page queue it's in, if any.
3307  *	The page must either be locked or unallocated.  This constraint
3308  *	ensures that the queue state of the page will remain consistent
3309  *	after this function returns.
3310  */
3311 void
3312 vm_page_dequeue(vm_page_t m)
3313 {
3314 	struct mtx *lock, *lock1;
3315 	struct vm_pagequeue *pq;
3316 	uint8_t aflags;
3317 
3318 	KASSERT(mtx_owned(vm_page_lockptr(m)) || m->order == VM_NFREEORDER,
3319 	    ("page %p is allocated and unlocked", m));
3320 
3321 	for (;;) {
3322 		lock = vm_page_pagequeue_lockptr(m);
3323 		if (lock == NULL) {
3324 			/*
3325 			 * A thread may be concurrently executing
3326 			 * vm_page_dequeue_complete().  Ensure that all queue
3327 			 * state is cleared before we return.
3328 			 */
3329 			aflags = atomic_load_8(&m->aflags);
3330 			if ((aflags & PGA_QUEUE_STATE_MASK) == 0)
3331 				return;
3332 			KASSERT((aflags & PGA_DEQUEUE) != 0,
3333 			    ("page %p has unexpected queue state flags %#x",
3334 			    m, aflags));
3335 
3336 			/*
3337 			 * Busy wait until the thread updating queue state is
3338 			 * finished.  Such a thread must be executing in a
3339 			 * critical section.
3340 			 */
3341 			cpu_spinwait();
3342 			continue;
3343 		}
3344 		mtx_lock(lock);
3345 		if ((lock1 = vm_page_pagequeue_lockptr(m)) == lock)
3346 			break;
3347 		mtx_unlock(lock);
3348 		lock = lock1;
3349 	}
3350 	KASSERT(lock == vm_page_pagequeue_lockptr(m),
3351 	    ("%s: page %p migrated directly between queues", __func__, m));
3352 	KASSERT((m->aflags & PGA_DEQUEUE) != 0 ||
3353 	    mtx_owned(vm_page_lockptr(m)),
3354 	    ("%s: queued unlocked page %p", __func__, m));
3355 
3356 	if ((m->aflags & PGA_ENQUEUED) != 0) {
3357 		pq = vm_page_pagequeue(m);
3358 		TAILQ_REMOVE(&pq->pq_pl, m, plinks.q);
3359 		vm_pagequeue_cnt_dec(pq);
3360 	}
3361 	vm_page_dequeue_complete(m);
3362 	mtx_unlock(lock);
3363 }
3364 
3365 /*
3366  * Schedule the given page for insertion into the specified page queue.
3367  * Physical insertion of the page may be deferred indefinitely.
3368  */
3369 static void
3370 vm_page_enqueue(vm_page_t m, uint8_t queue)
3371 {
3372 
3373 	vm_page_assert_locked(m);
3374 	KASSERT(m->queue == PQ_NONE && (m->aflags & PGA_QUEUE_STATE_MASK) == 0,
3375 	    ("%s: page %p is already enqueued", __func__, m));
3376 
3377 	m->queue = queue;
3378 	if ((m->aflags & PGA_REQUEUE) == 0)
3379 		vm_page_aflag_set(m, PGA_REQUEUE);
3380 	vm_pqbatch_submit_page(m, queue);
3381 }
3382 
3383 /*
3384  *	vm_page_requeue:		[ internal use only ]
3385  *
3386  *	Schedule a requeue of the given page.
3387  *
3388  *	The page must be locked.
3389  */
3390 void
3391 vm_page_requeue(vm_page_t m)
3392 {
3393 
3394 	vm_page_assert_locked(m);
3395 	KASSERT(vm_page_queue(m) != PQ_NONE,
3396 	    ("%s: page %p is not logically enqueued", __func__, m));
3397 
3398 	if ((m->aflags & PGA_REQUEUE) == 0)
3399 		vm_page_aflag_set(m, PGA_REQUEUE);
3400 	vm_pqbatch_submit_page(m, atomic_load_8(&m->queue));
3401 }
3402 
3403 /*
3404  *	vm_page_activate:
3405  *
3406  *	Put the specified page on the active list (if appropriate).
3407  *	Ensure that act_count is at least ACT_INIT but do not otherwise
3408  *	mess with it.
3409  *
3410  *	The page must be locked.
3411  */
3412 void
3413 vm_page_activate(vm_page_t m)
3414 {
3415 
3416 	vm_page_assert_locked(m);
3417 
3418 	if (vm_page_wired(m) || (m->oflags & VPO_UNMANAGED) != 0)
3419 		return;
3420 	if (vm_page_queue(m) == PQ_ACTIVE) {
3421 		if (m->act_count < ACT_INIT)
3422 			m->act_count = ACT_INIT;
3423 		return;
3424 	}
3425 
3426 	vm_page_dequeue(m);
3427 	if (m->act_count < ACT_INIT)
3428 		m->act_count = ACT_INIT;
3429 	vm_page_enqueue(m, PQ_ACTIVE);
3430 }
3431 
3432 /*
3433  *	vm_page_free_prep:
3434  *
3435  *	Prepares the given page to be put on the free list,
3436  *	disassociating it from any VM object. The caller may return
3437  *	the page to the free list only if this function returns true.
3438  *
3439  *	The object must be locked.  The page must be locked if it is
3440  *	managed.
3441  */
3442 bool
3443 vm_page_free_prep(vm_page_t m)
3444 {
3445 
3446 #if defined(DIAGNOSTIC) && defined(PHYS_TO_DMAP)
3447 	if (PMAP_HAS_DMAP && (m->flags & PG_ZERO) != 0) {
3448 		uint64_t *p;
3449 		int i;
3450 		p = (uint64_t *)PHYS_TO_DMAP(VM_PAGE_TO_PHYS(m));
3451 		for (i = 0; i < PAGE_SIZE / sizeof(uint64_t); i++, p++)
3452 			KASSERT(*p == 0, ("vm_page_free_prep %p PG_ZERO %d %jx",
3453 			    m, i, (uintmax_t)*p));
3454 	}
3455 #endif
3456 	if ((m->oflags & VPO_UNMANAGED) == 0) {
3457 		vm_page_lock_assert(m, MA_OWNED);
3458 		KASSERT(!pmap_page_is_mapped(m),
3459 		    ("vm_page_free_prep: freeing mapped page %p", m));
3460 	} else
3461 		KASSERT(m->queue == PQ_NONE,
3462 		    ("vm_page_free_prep: unmanaged page %p is queued", m));
3463 	VM_CNT_INC(v_tfree);
3464 
3465 	if (vm_page_sbusied(m))
3466 		panic("vm_page_free_prep: freeing busy page %p", m);
3467 
3468 	vm_page_remove(m);
3469 
3470 	/*
3471 	 * If fictitious remove object association and
3472 	 * return.
3473 	 */
3474 	if ((m->flags & PG_FICTITIOUS) != 0) {
3475 		KASSERT(m->wire_count == 1,
3476 		    ("fictitious page %p is not wired", m));
3477 		KASSERT(m->queue == PQ_NONE,
3478 		    ("fictitious page %p is queued", m));
3479 		return (false);
3480 	}
3481 
3482 	/*
3483 	 * Pages need not be dequeued before they are returned to the physical
3484 	 * memory allocator, but they must at least be marked for a deferred
3485 	 * dequeue.
3486 	 */
3487 	if ((m->oflags & VPO_UNMANAGED) == 0)
3488 		vm_page_dequeue_deferred_free(m);
3489 
3490 	m->valid = 0;
3491 	vm_page_undirty(m);
3492 
3493 	if (vm_page_wired(m) != 0)
3494 		panic("vm_page_free_prep: freeing wired page %p", m);
3495 	if (m->hold_count != 0) {
3496 		m->flags &= ~PG_ZERO;
3497 		KASSERT((m->flags & PG_UNHOLDFREE) == 0,
3498 		    ("vm_page_free_prep: freeing PG_UNHOLDFREE page %p", m));
3499 		m->flags |= PG_UNHOLDFREE;
3500 		return (false);
3501 	}
3502 
3503 	/*
3504 	 * Restore the default memory attribute to the page.
3505 	 */
3506 	if (pmap_page_get_memattr(m) != VM_MEMATTR_DEFAULT)
3507 		pmap_page_set_memattr(m, VM_MEMATTR_DEFAULT);
3508 
3509 #if VM_NRESERVLEVEL > 0
3510 	if (vm_reserv_free_page(m))
3511 		return (false);
3512 #endif
3513 
3514 	return (true);
3515 }
3516 
3517 /*
3518  *	vm_page_free_toq:
3519  *
3520  *	Returns the given page to the free list, disassociating it
3521  *	from any VM object.
3522  *
3523  *	The object must be locked.  The page must be locked if it is
3524  *	managed.
3525  */
3526 void
3527 vm_page_free_toq(vm_page_t m)
3528 {
3529 	struct vm_domain *vmd;
3530 
3531 	if (!vm_page_free_prep(m))
3532 		return;
3533 
3534 	vmd = vm_pagequeue_domain(m);
3535 	if (m->pool == VM_FREEPOOL_DEFAULT && vmd->vmd_pgcache != NULL) {
3536 		uma_zfree(vmd->vmd_pgcache, m);
3537 		return;
3538 	}
3539 	vm_domain_free_lock(vmd);
3540 	vm_phys_free_pages(m, 0);
3541 	vm_domain_free_unlock(vmd);
3542 	vm_domain_freecnt_inc(vmd, 1);
3543 }
3544 
3545 /*
3546  *	vm_page_free_pages_toq:
3547  *
3548  *	Returns a list of pages to the free list, disassociating it
3549  *	from any VM object.  In other words, this is equivalent to
3550  *	calling vm_page_free_toq() for each page of a list of VM objects.
3551  *
3552  *	The objects must be locked.  The pages must be locked if it is
3553  *	managed.
3554  */
3555 void
3556 vm_page_free_pages_toq(struct spglist *free, bool update_wire_count)
3557 {
3558 	vm_page_t m;
3559 	int count;
3560 
3561 	if (SLIST_EMPTY(free))
3562 		return;
3563 
3564 	count = 0;
3565 	while ((m = SLIST_FIRST(free)) != NULL) {
3566 		count++;
3567 		SLIST_REMOVE_HEAD(free, plinks.s.ss);
3568 		vm_page_free_toq(m);
3569 	}
3570 
3571 	if (update_wire_count)
3572 		vm_wire_sub(count);
3573 }
3574 
3575 /*
3576  *	vm_page_wire:
3577  *
3578  * Mark this page as wired down.  If the page is fictitious, then
3579  * its wire count must remain one.
3580  *
3581  * The page must be locked.
3582  */
3583 void
3584 vm_page_wire(vm_page_t m)
3585 {
3586 
3587 	vm_page_assert_locked(m);
3588 	if ((m->flags & PG_FICTITIOUS) != 0) {
3589 		KASSERT(m->wire_count == 1,
3590 		    ("vm_page_wire: fictitious page %p's wire count isn't one",
3591 		    m));
3592 		return;
3593 	}
3594 	if (!vm_page_wired(m)) {
3595 		KASSERT((m->oflags & VPO_UNMANAGED) == 0 ||
3596 		    m->queue == PQ_NONE,
3597 		    ("vm_page_wire: unmanaged page %p is queued", m));
3598 		vm_wire_add(1);
3599 	}
3600 	m->wire_count++;
3601 	KASSERT(m->wire_count != 0, ("vm_page_wire: wire_count overflow m=%p", m));
3602 }
3603 
3604 /*
3605  * vm_page_unwire:
3606  *
3607  * Release one wiring of the specified page, potentially allowing it to be
3608  * paged out.  Returns TRUE if the number of wirings transitions to zero and
3609  * FALSE otherwise.
3610  *
3611  * Only managed pages belonging to an object can be paged out.  If the number
3612  * of wirings transitions to zero and the page is eligible for page out, then
3613  * the page is added to the specified paging queue (unless PQ_NONE is
3614  * specified, in which case the page is dequeued if it belongs to a paging
3615  * queue).
3616  *
3617  * If a page is fictitious, then its wire count must always be one.
3618  *
3619  * A managed page must be locked.
3620  */
3621 bool
3622 vm_page_unwire(vm_page_t m, uint8_t queue)
3623 {
3624 	bool unwired;
3625 
3626 	KASSERT(queue < PQ_COUNT || queue == PQ_NONE,
3627 	    ("vm_page_unwire: invalid queue %u request for page %p",
3628 	    queue, m));
3629 	if ((m->oflags & VPO_UNMANAGED) == 0)
3630 		vm_page_assert_locked(m);
3631 
3632 	unwired = vm_page_unwire_noq(m);
3633 	if (!unwired || (m->oflags & VPO_UNMANAGED) != 0 || m->object == NULL)
3634 		return (unwired);
3635 
3636 	if (vm_page_queue(m) == queue) {
3637 		if (queue == PQ_ACTIVE)
3638 			vm_page_reference(m);
3639 		else if (queue != PQ_NONE)
3640 			vm_page_requeue(m);
3641 	} else {
3642 		vm_page_dequeue(m);
3643 		if (queue != PQ_NONE) {
3644 			vm_page_enqueue(m, queue);
3645 			if (queue == PQ_ACTIVE)
3646 				/* Initialize act_count. */
3647 				vm_page_activate(m);
3648 		}
3649 	}
3650 	return (unwired);
3651 }
3652 
3653 /*
3654  *
3655  * vm_page_unwire_noq:
3656  *
3657  * Unwire a page without (re-)inserting it into a page queue.  It is up
3658  * to the caller to enqueue, requeue, or free the page as appropriate.
3659  * In most cases, vm_page_unwire() should be used instead.
3660  */
3661 bool
3662 vm_page_unwire_noq(vm_page_t m)
3663 {
3664 
3665 	if ((m->oflags & VPO_UNMANAGED) == 0)
3666 		vm_page_assert_locked(m);
3667 	if ((m->flags & PG_FICTITIOUS) != 0) {
3668 		KASSERT(m->wire_count == 1,
3669 	    ("vm_page_unwire: fictitious page %p's wire count isn't one", m));
3670 		return (false);
3671 	}
3672 	if (!vm_page_wired(m))
3673 		panic("vm_page_unwire: page %p's wire count is zero", m);
3674 	m->wire_count--;
3675 	if (m->wire_count == 0) {
3676 		vm_wire_sub(1);
3677 		return (true);
3678 	} else
3679 		return (false);
3680 }
3681 
3682 /*
3683  * Move the specified page to the tail of the inactive queue, or requeue
3684  * the page if it is already in the inactive queue.
3685  *
3686  * The page must be locked.
3687  */
3688 void
3689 vm_page_deactivate(vm_page_t m)
3690 {
3691 
3692 	vm_page_assert_locked(m);
3693 
3694 	if (vm_page_wired(m) || (m->oflags & VPO_UNMANAGED) != 0)
3695 		return;
3696 
3697 	if (!vm_page_inactive(m)) {
3698 		vm_page_dequeue(m);
3699 		vm_page_enqueue(m, PQ_INACTIVE);
3700 	} else
3701 		vm_page_requeue(m);
3702 }
3703 
3704 /*
3705  * Move the specified page close to the head of the inactive queue,
3706  * bypassing LRU.  A marker page is used to maintain FIFO ordering.
3707  * As with regular enqueues, we use a per-CPU batch queue to reduce
3708  * contention on the page queue lock.
3709  *
3710  * The page must be locked.
3711  */
3712 void
3713 vm_page_deactivate_noreuse(vm_page_t m)
3714 {
3715 
3716 	vm_page_assert_locked(m);
3717 
3718 	if (vm_page_wired(m) || (m->oflags & VPO_UNMANAGED) != 0)
3719 		return;
3720 
3721 	if (!vm_page_inactive(m)) {
3722 		vm_page_dequeue(m);
3723 		m->queue = PQ_INACTIVE;
3724 	}
3725 	if ((m->aflags & PGA_REQUEUE_HEAD) == 0)
3726 		vm_page_aflag_set(m, PGA_REQUEUE_HEAD);
3727 	vm_pqbatch_submit_page(m, PQ_INACTIVE);
3728 }
3729 
3730 /*
3731  * vm_page_launder
3732  *
3733  * 	Put a page in the laundry, or requeue it if it is already there.
3734  */
3735 void
3736 vm_page_launder(vm_page_t m)
3737 {
3738 
3739 	vm_page_assert_locked(m);
3740 	if (vm_page_wired(m) || (m->oflags & VPO_UNMANAGED) != 0)
3741 		return;
3742 
3743 	if (vm_page_in_laundry(m))
3744 		vm_page_requeue(m);
3745 	else {
3746 		vm_page_dequeue(m);
3747 		vm_page_enqueue(m, PQ_LAUNDRY);
3748 	}
3749 }
3750 
3751 /*
3752  * vm_page_unswappable
3753  *
3754  *	Put a page in the PQ_UNSWAPPABLE holding queue.
3755  */
3756 void
3757 vm_page_unswappable(vm_page_t m)
3758 {
3759 
3760 	vm_page_assert_locked(m);
3761 	KASSERT(!vm_page_wired(m) && (m->oflags & VPO_UNMANAGED) == 0,
3762 	    ("page %p already unswappable", m));
3763 
3764 	vm_page_dequeue(m);
3765 	vm_page_enqueue(m, PQ_UNSWAPPABLE);
3766 }
3767 
3768 /*
3769  * Attempt to free the page.  If it cannot be freed, do nothing.  Returns true
3770  * if the page is freed and false otherwise.
3771  *
3772  * The page must be managed.  The page and its containing object must be
3773  * locked.
3774  */
3775 bool
3776 vm_page_try_to_free(vm_page_t m)
3777 {
3778 
3779 	vm_page_assert_locked(m);
3780 	VM_OBJECT_ASSERT_WLOCKED(m->object);
3781 	KASSERT((m->oflags & VPO_UNMANAGED) == 0, ("page %p is unmanaged", m));
3782 	if (m->dirty != 0 || vm_page_held(m) || vm_page_busied(m))
3783 		return (false);
3784 	if (m->object->ref_count != 0) {
3785 		pmap_remove_all(m);
3786 		if (m->dirty != 0)
3787 			return (false);
3788 	}
3789 	vm_page_free(m);
3790 	return (true);
3791 }
3792 
3793 /*
3794  * vm_page_advise
3795  *
3796  * 	Apply the specified advice to the given page.
3797  *
3798  *	The object and page must be locked.
3799  */
3800 void
3801 vm_page_advise(vm_page_t m, int advice)
3802 {
3803 
3804 	vm_page_assert_locked(m);
3805 	VM_OBJECT_ASSERT_WLOCKED(m->object);
3806 	if (advice == MADV_FREE)
3807 		/*
3808 		 * Mark the page clean.  This will allow the page to be freed
3809 		 * without first paging it out.  MADV_FREE pages are often
3810 		 * quickly reused by malloc(3), so we do not do anything that
3811 		 * would result in a page fault on a later access.
3812 		 */
3813 		vm_page_undirty(m);
3814 	else if (advice != MADV_DONTNEED) {
3815 		if (advice == MADV_WILLNEED)
3816 			vm_page_activate(m);
3817 		return;
3818 	}
3819 
3820 	/*
3821 	 * Clear any references to the page.  Otherwise, the page daemon will
3822 	 * immediately reactivate the page.
3823 	 */
3824 	vm_page_aflag_clear(m, PGA_REFERENCED);
3825 
3826 	if (advice != MADV_FREE && m->dirty == 0 && pmap_is_modified(m))
3827 		vm_page_dirty(m);
3828 
3829 	/*
3830 	 * Place clean pages near the head of the inactive queue rather than
3831 	 * the tail, thus defeating the queue's LRU operation and ensuring that
3832 	 * the page will be reused quickly.  Dirty pages not already in the
3833 	 * laundry are moved there.
3834 	 */
3835 	if (m->dirty == 0)
3836 		vm_page_deactivate_noreuse(m);
3837 	else if (!vm_page_in_laundry(m))
3838 		vm_page_launder(m);
3839 }
3840 
3841 /*
3842  * Grab a page, waiting until we are waken up due to the page
3843  * changing state.  We keep on waiting, if the page continues
3844  * to be in the object.  If the page doesn't exist, first allocate it
3845  * and then conditionally zero it.
3846  *
3847  * This routine may sleep.
3848  *
3849  * The object must be locked on entry.  The lock will, however, be released
3850  * and reacquired if the routine sleeps.
3851  */
3852 vm_page_t
3853 vm_page_grab(vm_object_t object, vm_pindex_t pindex, int allocflags)
3854 {
3855 	vm_page_t m;
3856 	int sleep;
3857 	int pflags;
3858 
3859 	VM_OBJECT_ASSERT_WLOCKED(object);
3860 	KASSERT((allocflags & VM_ALLOC_SBUSY) == 0 ||
3861 	    (allocflags & VM_ALLOC_IGN_SBUSY) != 0,
3862 	    ("vm_page_grab: VM_ALLOC_SBUSY/VM_ALLOC_IGN_SBUSY mismatch"));
3863 	pflags = allocflags &
3864 	    ~(VM_ALLOC_NOWAIT | VM_ALLOC_WAITOK | VM_ALLOC_WAITFAIL);
3865 	if ((allocflags & VM_ALLOC_NOWAIT) == 0)
3866 		pflags |= VM_ALLOC_WAITFAIL;
3867 retrylookup:
3868 	if ((m = vm_page_lookup(object, pindex)) != NULL) {
3869 		sleep = (allocflags & VM_ALLOC_IGN_SBUSY) != 0 ?
3870 		    vm_page_xbusied(m) : vm_page_busied(m);
3871 		if (sleep) {
3872 			if ((allocflags & VM_ALLOC_NOWAIT) != 0)
3873 				return (NULL);
3874 			/*
3875 			 * Reference the page before unlocking and
3876 			 * sleeping so that the page daemon is less
3877 			 * likely to reclaim it.
3878 			 */
3879 			vm_page_aflag_set(m, PGA_REFERENCED);
3880 			vm_page_lock(m);
3881 			VM_OBJECT_WUNLOCK(object);
3882 			vm_page_busy_sleep(m, "pgrbwt", (allocflags &
3883 			    VM_ALLOC_IGN_SBUSY) != 0);
3884 			VM_OBJECT_WLOCK(object);
3885 			goto retrylookup;
3886 		} else {
3887 			if ((allocflags & VM_ALLOC_WIRED) != 0) {
3888 				vm_page_lock(m);
3889 				vm_page_wire(m);
3890 				vm_page_unlock(m);
3891 			}
3892 			if ((allocflags &
3893 			    (VM_ALLOC_NOBUSY | VM_ALLOC_SBUSY)) == 0)
3894 				vm_page_xbusy(m);
3895 			if ((allocflags & VM_ALLOC_SBUSY) != 0)
3896 				vm_page_sbusy(m);
3897 			return (m);
3898 		}
3899 	}
3900 	m = vm_page_alloc(object, pindex, pflags);
3901 	if (m == NULL) {
3902 		if ((allocflags & VM_ALLOC_NOWAIT) != 0)
3903 			return (NULL);
3904 		goto retrylookup;
3905 	}
3906 	if (allocflags & VM_ALLOC_ZERO && (m->flags & PG_ZERO) == 0)
3907 		pmap_zero_page(m);
3908 	return (m);
3909 }
3910 
3911 /*
3912  * Return the specified range of pages from the given object.  For each
3913  * page offset within the range, if a page already exists within the object
3914  * at that offset and it is busy, then wait for it to change state.  If,
3915  * instead, the page doesn't exist, then allocate it.
3916  *
3917  * The caller must always specify an allocation class.
3918  *
3919  * allocation classes:
3920  *	VM_ALLOC_NORMAL		normal process request
3921  *	VM_ALLOC_SYSTEM		system *really* needs the pages
3922  *
3923  * The caller must always specify that the pages are to be busied and/or
3924  * wired.
3925  *
3926  * optional allocation flags:
3927  *	VM_ALLOC_IGN_SBUSY	do not sleep on soft busy pages
3928  *	VM_ALLOC_NOBUSY		do not exclusive busy the page
3929  *	VM_ALLOC_NOWAIT		do not sleep
3930  *	VM_ALLOC_SBUSY		set page to sbusy state
3931  *	VM_ALLOC_WIRED		wire the pages
3932  *	VM_ALLOC_ZERO		zero and validate any invalid pages
3933  *
3934  * If VM_ALLOC_NOWAIT is not specified, this routine may sleep.  Otherwise, it
3935  * may return a partial prefix of the requested range.
3936  */
3937 int
3938 vm_page_grab_pages(vm_object_t object, vm_pindex_t pindex, int allocflags,
3939     vm_page_t *ma, int count)
3940 {
3941 	vm_page_t m, mpred;
3942 	int pflags;
3943 	int i;
3944 	bool sleep;
3945 
3946 	VM_OBJECT_ASSERT_WLOCKED(object);
3947 	KASSERT(((u_int)allocflags >> VM_ALLOC_COUNT_SHIFT) == 0,
3948 	    ("vm_page_grap_pages: VM_ALLOC_COUNT() is not allowed"));
3949 	KASSERT((allocflags & VM_ALLOC_NOBUSY) == 0 ||
3950 	    (allocflags & VM_ALLOC_WIRED) != 0,
3951 	    ("vm_page_grab_pages: the pages must be busied or wired"));
3952 	KASSERT((allocflags & VM_ALLOC_SBUSY) == 0 ||
3953 	    (allocflags & VM_ALLOC_IGN_SBUSY) != 0,
3954 	    ("vm_page_grab_pages: VM_ALLOC_SBUSY/IGN_SBUSY mismatch"));
3955 	if (count == 0)
3956 		return (0);
3957 	pflags = allocflags & ~(VM_ALLOC_NOWAIT | VM_ALLOC_WAITOK |
3958 	    VM_ALLOC_WAITFAIL | VM_ALLOC_IGN_SBUSY);
3959 	if ((allocflags & VM_ALLOC_NOWAIT) == 0)
3960 		pflags |= VM_ALLOC_WAITFAIL;
3961 	i = 0;
3962 retrylookup:
3963 	m = vm_radix_lookup_le(&object->rtree, pindex + i);
3964 	if (m == NULL || m->pindex != pindex + i) {
3965 		mpred = m;
3966 		m = NULL;
3967 	} else
3968 		mpred = TAILQ_PREV(m, pglist, listq);
3969 	for (; i < count; i++) {
3970 		if (m != NULL) {
3971 			sleep = (allocflags & VM_ALLOC_IGN_SBUSY) != 0 ?
3972 			    vm_page_xbusied(m) : vm_page_busied(m);
3973 			if (sleep) {
3974 				if ((allocflags & VM_ALLOC_NOWAIT) != 0)
3975 					break;
3976 				/*
3977 				 * Reference the page before unlocking and
3978 				 * sleeping so that the page daemon is less
3979 				 * likely to reclaim it.
3980 				 */
3981 				vm_page_aflag_set(m, PGA_REFERENCED);
3982 				vm_page_lock(m);
3983 				VM_OBJECT_WUNLOCK(object);
3984 				vm_page_busy_sleep(m, "grbmaw", (allocflags &
3985 				    VM_ALLOC_IGN_SBUSY) != 0);
3986 				VM_OBJECT_WLOCK(object);
3987 				goto retrylookup;
3988 			}
3989 			if ((allocflags & VM_ALLOC_WIRED) != 0) {
3990 				vm_page_lock(m);
3991 				vm_page_wire(m);
3992 				vm_page_unlock(m);
3993 			}
3994 			if ((allocflags & (VM_ALLOC_NOBUSY |
3995 			    VM_ALLOC_SBUSY)) == 0)
3996 				vm_page_xbusy(m);
3997 			if ((allocflags & VM_ALLOC_SBUSY) != 0)
3998 				vm_page_sbusy(m);
3999 		} else {
4000 			m = vm_page_alloc_after(object, pindex + i,
4001 			    pflags | VM_ALLOC_COUNT(count - i), mpred);
4002 			if (m == NULL) {
4003 				if ((allocflags & VM_ALLOC_NOWAIT) != 0)
4004 					break;
4005 				goto retrylookup;
4006 			}
4007 		}
4008 		if (m->valid == 0 && (allocflags & VM_ALLOC_ZERO) != 0) {
4009 			if ((m->flags & PG_ZERO) == 0)
4010 				pmap_zero_page(m);
4011 			m->valid = VM_PAGE_BITS_ALL;
4012 		}
4013 		ma[i] = mpred = m;
4014 		m = vm_page_next(m);
4015 	}
4016 	return (i);
4017 }
4018 
4019 /*
4020  * Mapping function for valid or dirty bits in a page.
4021  *
4022  * Inputs are required to range within a page.
4023  */
4024 vm_page_bits_t
4025 vm_page_bits(int base, int size)
4026 {
4027 	int first_bit;
4028 	int last_bit;
4029 
4030 	KASSERT(
4031 	    base + size <= PAGE_SIZE,
4032 	    ("vm_page_bits: illegal base/size %d/%d", base, size)
4033 	);
4034 
4035 	if (size == 0)		/* handle degenerate case */
4036 		return (0);
4037 
4038 	first_bit = base >> DEV_BSHIFT;
4039 	last_bit = (base + size - 1) >> DEV_BSHIFT;
4040 
4041 	return (((vm_page_bits_t)2 << last_bit) -
4042 	    ((vm_page_bits_t)1 << first_bit));
4043 }
4044 
4045 /*
4046  *	vm_page_set_valid_range:
4047  *
4048  *	Sets portions of a page valid.  The arguments are expected
4049  *	to be DEV_BSIZE aligned but if they aren't the bitmap is inclusive
4050  *	of any partial chunks touched by the range.  The invalid portion of
4051  *	such chunks will be zeroed.
4052  *
4053  *	(base + size) must be less then or equal to PAGE_SIZE.
4054  */
4055 void
4056 vm_page_set_valid_range(vm_page_t m, int base, int size)
4057 {
4058 	int endoff, frag;
4059 
4060 	VM_OBJECT_ASSERT_WLOCKED(m->object);
4061 	if (size == 0)	/* handle degenerate case */
4062 		return;
4063 
4064 	/*
4065 	 * If the base is not DEV_BSIZE aligned and the valid
4066 	 * bit is clear, we have to zero out a portion of the
4067 	 * first block.
4068 	 */
4069 	if ((frag = rounddown2(base, DEV_BSIZE)) != base &&
4070 	    (m->valid & (1 << (base >> DEV_BSHIFT))) == 0)
4071 		pmap_zero_page_area(m, frag, base - frag);
4072 
4073 	/*
4074 	 * If the ending offset is not DEV_BSIZE aligned and the
4075 	 * valid bit is clear, we have to zero out a portion of
4076 	 * the last block.
4077 	 */
4078 	endoff = base + size;
4079 	if ((frag = rounddown2(endoff, DEV_BSIZE)) != endoff &&
4080 	    (m->valid & (1 << (endoff >> DEV_BSHIFT))) == 0)
4081 		pmap_zero_page_area(m, endoff,
4082 		    DEV_BSIZE - (endoff & (DEV_BSIZE - 1)));
4083 
4084 	/*
4085 	 * Assert that no previously invalid block that is now being validated
4086 	 * is already dirty.
4087 	 */
4088 	KASSERT((~m->valid & vm_page_bits(base, size) & m->dirty) == 0,
4089 	    ("vm_page_set_valid_range: page %p is dirty", m));
4090 
4091 	/*
4092 	 * Set valid bits inclusive of any overlap.
4093 	 */
4094 	m->valid |= vm_page_bits(base, size);
4095 }
4096 
4097 /*
4098  * Clear the given bits from the specified page's dirty field.
4099  */
4100 static __inline void
4101 vm_page_clear_dirty_mask(vm_page_t m, vm_page_bits_t pagebits)
4102 {
4103 	uintptr_t addr;
4104 #if PAGE_SIZE < 16384
4105 	int shift;
4106 #endif
4107 
4108 	/*
4109 	 * If the object is locked and the page is neither exclusive busy nor
4110 	 * write mapped, then the page's dirty field cannot possibly be
4111 	 * set by a concurrent pmap operation.
4112 	 */
4113 	VM_OBJECT_ASSERT_WLOCKED(m->object);
4114 	if (!vm_page_xbusied(m) && !pmap_page_is_write_mapped(m))
4115 		m->dirty &= ~pagebits;
4116 	else {
4117 		/*
4118 		 * The pmap layer can call vm_page_dirty() without
4119 		 * holding a distinguished lock.  The combination of
4120 		 * the object's lock and an atomic operation suffice
4121 		 * to guarantee consistency of the page dirty field.
4122 		 *
4123 		 * For PAGE_SIZE == 32768 case, compiler already
4124 		 * properly aligns the dirty field, so no forcible
4125 		 * alignment is needed. Only require existence of
4126 		 * atomic_clear_64 when page size is 32768.
4127 		 */
4128 		addr = (uintptr_t)&m->dirty;
4129 #if PAGE_SIZE == 32768
4130 		atomic_clear_64((uint64_t *)addr, pagebits);
4131 #elif PAGE_SIZE == 16384
4132 		atomic_clear_32((uint32_t *)addr, pagebits);
4133 #else		/* PAGE_SIZE <= 8192 */
4134 		/*
4135 		 * Use a trick to perform a 32-bit atomic on the
4136 		 * containing aligned word, to not depend on the existence
4137 		 * of atomic_clear_{8, 16}.
4138 		 */
4139 		shift = addr & (sizeof(uint32_t) - 1);
4140 #if BYTE_ORDER == BIG_ENDIAN
4141 		shift = (sizeof(uint32_t) - sizeof(m->dirty) - shift) * NBBY;
4142 #else
4143 		shift *= NBBY;
4144 #endif
4145 		addr &= ~(sizeof(uint32_t) - 1);
4146 		atomic_clear_32((uint32_t *)addr, pagebits << shift);
4147 #endif		/* PAGE_SIZE */
4148 	}
4149 }
4150 
4151 /*
4152  *	vm_page_set_validclean:
4153  *
4154  *	Sets portions of a page valid and clean.  The arguments are expected
4155  *	to be DEV_BSIZE aligned but if they aren't the bitmap is inclusive
4156  *	of any partial chunks touched by the range.  The invalid portion of
4157  *	such chunks will be zero'd.
4158  *
4159  *	(base + size) must be less then or equal to PAGE_SIZE.
4160  */
4161 void
4162 vm_page_set_validclean(vm_page_t m, int base, int size)
4163 {
4164 	vm_page_bits_t oldvalid, pagebits;
4165 	int endoff, frag;
4166 
4167 	VM_OBJECT_ASSERT_WLOCKED(m->object);
4168 	if (size == 0)	/* handle degenerate case */
4169 		return;
4170 
4171 	/*
4172 	 * If the base is not DEV_BSIZE aligned and the valid
4173 	 * bit is clear, we have to zero out a portion of the
4174 	 * first block.
4175 	 */
4176 	if ((frag = rounddown2(base, DEV_BSIZE)) != base &&
4177 	    (m->valid & ((vm_page_bits_t)1 << (base >> DEV_BSHIFT))) == 0)
4178 		pmap_zero_page_area(m, frag, base - frag);
4179 
4180 	/*
4181 	 * If the ending offset is not DEV_BSIZE aligned and the
4182 	 * valid bit is clear, we have to zero out a portion of
4183 	 * the last block.
4184 	 */
4185 	endoff = base + size;
4186 	if ((frag = rounddown2(endoff, DEV_BSIZE)) != endoff &&
4187 	    (m->valid & ((vm_page_bits_t)1 << (endoff >> DEV_BSHIFT))) == 0)
4188 		pmap_zero_page_area(m, endoff,
4189 		    DEV_BSIZE - (endoff & (DEV_BSIZE - 1)));
4190 
4191 	/*
4192 	 * Set valid, clear dirty bits.  If validating the entire
4193 	 * page we can safely clear the pmap modify bit.  We also
4194 	 * use this opportunity to clear the VPO_NOSYNC flag.  If a process
4195 	 * takes a write fault on a MAP_NOSYNC memory area the flag will
4196 	 * be set again.
4197 	 *
4198 	 * We set valid bits inclusive of any overlap, but we can only
4199 	 * clear dirty bits for DEV_BSIZE chunks that are fully within
4200 	 * the range.
4201 	 */
4202 	oldvalid = m->valid;
4203 	pagebits = vm_page_bits(base, size);
4204 	m->valid |= pagebits;
4205 #if 0	/* NOT YET */
4206 	if ((frag = base & (DEV_BSIZE - 1)) != 0) {
4207 		frag = DEV_BSIZE - frag;
4208 		base += frag;
4209 		size -= frag;
4210 		if (size < 0)
4211 			size = 0;
4212 	}
4213 	pagebits = vm_page_bits(base, size & (DEV_BSIZE - 1));
4214 #endif
4215 	if (base == 0 && size == PAGE_SIZE) {
4216 		/*
4217 		 * The page can only be modified within the pmap if it is
4218 		 * mapped, and it can only be mapped if it was previously
4219 		 * fully valid.
4220 		 */
4221 		if (oldvalid == VM_PAGE_BITS_ALL)
4222 			/*
4223 			 * Perform the pmap_clear_modify() first.  Otherwise,
4224 			 * a concurrent pmap operation, such as
4225 			 * pmap_protect(), could clear a modification in the
4226 			 * pmap and set the dirty field on the page before
4227 			 * pmap_clear_modify() had begun and after the dirty
4228 			 * field was cleared here.
4229 			 */
4230 			pmap_clear_modify(m);
4231 		m->dirty = 0;
4232 		m->oflags &= ~VPO_NOSYNC;
4233 	} else if (oldvalid != VM_PAGE_BITS_ALL)
4234 		m->dirty &= ~pagebits;
4235 	else
4236 		vm_page_clear_dirty_mask(m, pagebits);
4237 }
4238 
4239 void
4240 vm_page_clear_dirty(vm_page_t m, int base, int size)
4241 {
4242 
4243 	vm_page_clear_dirty_mask(m, vm_page_bits(base, size));
4244 }
4245 
4246 /*
4247  *	vm_page_set_invalid:
4248  *
4249  *	Invalidates DEV_BSIZE'd chunks within a page.  Both the
4250  *	valid and dirty bits for the effected areas are cleared.
4251  */
4252 void
4253 vm_page_set_invalid(vm_page_t m, int base, int size)
4254 {
4255 	vm_page_bits_t bits;
4256 	vm_object_t object;
4257 
4258 	object = m->object;
4259 	VM_OBJECT_ASSERT_WLOCKED(object);
4260 	if (object->type == OBJT_VNODE && base == 0 && IDX_TO_OFF(m->pindex) +
4261 	    size >= object->un_pager.vnp.vnp_size)
4262 		bits = VM_PAGE_BITS_ALL;
4263 	else
4264 		bits = vm_page_bits(base, size);
4265 	if (object->ref_count != 0 && m->valid == VM_PAGE_BITS_ALL &&
4266 	    bits != 0)
4267 		pmap_remove_all(m);
4268 	KASSERT((bits == 0 && m->valid == VM_PAGE_BITS_ALL) ||
4269 	    !pmap_page_is_mapped(m),
4270 	    ("vm_page_set_invalid: page %p is mapped", m));
4271 	m->valid &= ~bits;
4272 	m->dirty &= ~bits;
4273 }
4274 
4275 /*
4276  * vm_page_zero_invalid()
4277  *
4278  *	The kernel assumes that the invalid portions of a page contain
4279  *	garbage, but such pages can be mapped into memory by user code.
4280  *	When this occurs, we must zero out the non-valid portions of the
4281  *	page so user code sees what it expects.
4282  *
4283  *	Pages are most often semi-valid when the end of a file is mapped
4284  *	into memory and the file's size is not page aligned.
4285  */
4286 void
4287 vm_page_zero_invalid(vm_page_t m, boolean_t setvalid)
4288 {
4289 	int b;
4290 	int i;
4291 
4292 	VM_OBJECT_ASSERT_WLOCKED(m->object);
4293 	/*
4294 	 * Scan the valid bits looking for invalid sections that
4295 	 * must be zeroed.  Invalid sub-DEV_BSIZE'd areas ( where the
4296 	 * valid bit may be set ) have already been zeroed by
4297 	 * vm_page_set_validclean().
4298 	 */
4299 	for (b = i = 0; i <= PAGE_SIZE / DEV_BSIZE; ++i) {
4300 		if (i == (PAGE_SIZE / DEV_BSIZE) ||
4301 		    (m->valid & ((vm_page_bits_t)1 << i))) {
4302 			if (i > b) {
4303 				pmap_zero_page_area(m,
4304 				    b << DEV_BSHIFT, (i - b) << DEV_BSHIFT);
4305 			}
4306 			b = i + 1;
4307 		}
4308 	}
4309 
4310 	/*
4311 	 * setvalid is TRUE when we can safely set the zero'd areas
4312 	 * as being valid.  We can do this if there are no cache consistancy
4313 	 * issues.  e.g. it is ok to do with UFS, but not ok to do with NFS.
4314 	 */
4315 	if (setvalid)
4316 		m->valid = VM_PAGE_BITS_ALL;
4317 }
4318 
4319 /*
4320  *	vm_page_is_valid:
4321  *
4322  *	Is (partial) page valid?  Note that the case where size == 0
4323  *	will return FALSE in the degenerate case where the page is
4324  *	entirely invalid, and TRUE otherwise.
4325  */
4326 int
4327 vm_page_is_valid(vm_page_t m, int base, int size)
4328 {
4329 	vm_page_bits_t bits;
4330 
4331 	VM_OBJECT_ASSERT_LOCKED(m->object);
4332 	bits = vm_page_bits(base, size);
4333 	return (m->valid != 0 && (m->valid & bits) == bits);
4334 }
4335 
4336 /*
4337  * Returns true if all of the specified predicates are true for the entire
4338  * (super)page and false otherwise.
4339  */
4340 bool
4341 vm_page_ps_test(vm_page_t m, int flags, vm_page_t skip_m)
4342 {
4343 	vm_object_t object;
4344 	int i, npages;
4345 
4346 	object = m->object;
4347 	if (skip_m != NULL && skip_m->object != object)
4348 		return (false);
4349 	VM_OBJECT_ASSERT_LOCKED(object);
4350 	npages = atop(pagesizes[m->psind]);
4351 
4352 	/*
4353 	 * The physically contiguous pages that make up a superpage, i.e., a
4354 	 * page with a page size index ("psind") greater than zero, will
4355 	 * occupy adjacent entries in vm_page_array[].
4356 	 */
4357 	for (i = 0; i < npages; i++) {
4358 		/* Always test object consistency, including "skip_m". */
4359 		if (m[i].object != object)
4360 			return (false);
4361 		if (&m[i] == skip_m)
4362 			continue;
4363 		if ((flags & PS_NONE_BUSY) != 0 && vm_page_busied(&m[i]))
4364 			return (false);
4365 		if ((flags & PS_ALL_DIRTY) != 0) {
4366 			/*
4367 			 * Calling vm_page_test_dirty() or pmap_is_modified()
4368 			 * might stop this case from spuriously returning
4369 			 * "false".  However, that would require a write lock
4370 			 * on the object containing "m[i]".
4371 			 */
4372 			if (m[i].dirty != VM_PAGE_BITS_ALL)
4373 				return (false);
4374 		}
4375 		if ((flags & PS_ALL_VALID) != 0 &&
4376 		    m[i].valid != VM_PAGE_BITS_ALL)
4377 			return (false);
4378 	}
4379 	return (true);
4380 }
4381 
4382 /*
4383  * Set the page's dirty bits if the page is modified.
4384  */
4385 void
4386 vm_page_test_dirty(vm_page_t m)
4387 {
4388 
4389 	VM_OBJECT_ASSERT_WLOCKED(m->object);
4390 	if (m->dirty != VM_PAGE_BITS_ALL && pmap_is_modified(m))
4391 		vm_page_dirty(m);
4392 }
4393 
4394 void
4395 vm_page_lock_KBI(vm_page_t m, const char *file, int line)
4396 {
4397 
4398 	mtx_lock_flags_(vm_page_lockptr(m), 0, file, line);
4399 }
4400 
4401 void
4402 vm_page_unlock_KBI(vm_page_t m, const char *file, int line)
4403 {
4404 
4405 	mtx_unlock_flags_(vm_page_lockptr(m), 0, file, line);
4406 }
4407 
4408 int
4409 vm_page_trylock_KBI(vm_page_t m, const char *file, int line)
4410 {
4411 
4412 	return (mtx_trylock_flags_(vm_page_lockptr(m), 0, file, line));
4413 }
4414 
4415 #if defined(INVARIANTS) || defined(INVARIANT_SUPPORT)
4416 void
4417 vm_page_assert_locked_KBI(vm_page_t m, const char *file, int line)
4418 {
4419 
4420 	vm_page_lock_assert_KBI(m, MA_OWNED, file, line);
4421 }
4422 
4423 void
4424 vm_page_lock_assert_KBI(vm_page_t m, int a, const char *file, int line)
4425 {
4426 
4427 	mtx_assert_(vm_page_lockptr(m), a, file, line);
4428 }
4429 #endif
4430 
4431 #ifdef INVARIANTS
4432 void
4433 vm_page_object_lock_assert(vm_page_t m)
4434 {
4435 
4436 	/*
4437 	 * Certain of the page's fields may only be modified by the
4438 	 * holder of the containing object's lock or the exclusive busy.
4439 	 * holder.  Unfortunately, the holder of the write busy is
4440 	 * not recorded, and thus cannot be checked here.
4441 	 */
4442 	if (m->object != NULL && !vm_page_xbusied(m))
4443 		VM_OBJECT_ASSERT_WLOCKED(m->object);
4444 }
4445 
4446 void
4447 vm_page_assert_pga_writeable(vm_page_t m, uint8_t bits)
4448 {
4449 
4450 	if ((bits & PGA_WRITEABLE) == 0)
4451 		return;
4452 
4453 	/*
4454 	 * The PGA_WRITEABLE flag can only be set if the page is
4455 	 * managed, is exclusively busied or the object is locked.
4456 	 * Currently, this flag is only set by pmap_enter().
4457 	 */
4458 	KASSERT((m->oflags & VPO_UNMANAGED) == 0,
4459 	    ("PGA_WRITEABLE on unmanaged page"));
4460 	if (!vm_page_xbusied(m))
4461 		VM_OBJECT_ASSERT_LOCKED(m->object);
4462 }
4463 #endif
4464 
4465 #include "opt_ddb.h"
4466 #ifdef DDB
4467 #include <sys/kernel.h>
4468 
4469 #include <ddb/ddb.h>
4470 
4471 DB_SHOW_COMMAND(page, vm_page_print_page_info)
4472 {
4473 
4474 	db_printf("vm_cnt.v_free_count: %d\n", vm_free_count());
4475 	db_printf("vm_cnt.v_inactive_count: %d\n", vm_inactive_count());
4476 	db_printf("vm_cnt.v_active_count: %d\n", vm_active_count());
4477 	db_printf("vm_cnt.v_laundry_count: %d\n", vm_laundry_count());
4478 	db_printf("vm_cnt.v_wire_count: %d\n", vm_wire_count());
4479 	db_printf("vm_cnt.v_free_reserved: %d\n", vm_cnt.v_free_reserved);
4480 	db_printf("vm_cnt.v_free_min: %d\n", vm_cnt.v_free_min);
4481 	db_printf("vm_cnt.v_free_target: %d\n", vm_cnt.v_free_target);
4482 	db_printf("vm_cnt.v_inactive_target: %d\n", vm_cnt.v_inactive_target);
4483 }
4484 
4485 DB_SHOW_COMMAND(pageq, vm_page_print_pageq_info)
4486 {
4487 	int dom;
4488 
4489 	db_printf("pq_free %d\n", vm_free_count());
4490 	for (dom = 0; dom < vm_ndomains; dom++) {
4491 		db_printf(
4492     "dom %d page_cnt %d free %d pq_act %d pq_inact %d pq_laund %d pq_unsw %d\n",
4493 		    dom,
4494 		    vm_dom[dom].vmd_page_count,
4495 		    vm_dom[dom].vmd_free_count,
4496 		    vm_dom[dom].vmd_pagequeues[PQ_ACTIVE].pq_cnt,
4497 		    vm_dom[dom].vmd_pagequeues[PQ_INACTIVE].pq_cnt,
4498 		    vm_dom[dom].vmd_pagequeues[PQ_LAUNDRY].pq_cnt,
4499 		    vm_dom[dom].vmd_pagequeues[PQ_UNSWAPPABLE].pq_cnt);
4500 	}
4501 }
4502 
4503 DB_SHOW_COMMAND(pginfo, vm_page_print_pginfo)
4504 {
4505 	vm_page_t m;
4506 	boolean_t phys, virt;
4507 
4508 	if (!have_addr) {
4509 		db_printf("show pginfo addr\n");
4510 		return;
4511 	}
4512 
4513 	phys = strchr(modif, 'p') != NULL;
4514 	virt = strchr(modif, 'v') != NULL;
4515 	if (virt)
4516 		m = PHYS_TO_VM_PAGE(pmap_kextract(addr));
4517 	else if (phys)
4518 		m = PHYS_TO_VM_PAGE(addr);
4519 	else
4520 		m = (vm_page_t)addr;
4521 	db_printf(
4522     "page %p obj %p pidx 0x%jx phys 0x%jx q %d hold %d wire %d\n"
4523     "  af 0x%x of 0x%x f 0x%x act %d busy %x valid 0x%x dirty 0x%x\n",
4524 	    m, m->object, (uintmax_t)m->pindex, (uintmax_t)m->phys_addr,
4525 	    m->queue, m->hold_count, m->wire_count, m->aflags, m->oflags,
4526 	    m->flags, m->act_count, m->busy_lock, m->valid, m->dirty);
4527 }
4528 #endif /* DDB */
4529