xref: /freebsd/sys/netinet6/ip6_gre.c (revision a64729f5077d77e13b9497cb33ecb3c82e606ee8)
1 /*-
2  * Copyright (c) 2014, 2018 Andrey V. Elsukov <ae@FreeBSD.org>
3  * All rights reserved.
4  *
5  * Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
6  * modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions
7  * are met:
8  *
9  * 1. Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright
10  *    notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
11  * 2. Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above copyright
12  *    notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer in the
13  *    documentation and/or other materials provided with the distribution.
14  *
15  * THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE AUTHOR ``AS IS'' AND ANY EXPRESS OR
16  * IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, THE IMPLIED WARRANTIES
17  * OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE ARE DISCLAIMED.
18  * IN NO EVENT SHALL THE AUTHOR BE LIABLE FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT,
19  * INCIDENTAL, SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT
20  * NOT LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE,
21  * DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION) HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY
22  * THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT LIABILITY, OR TORT
23  * (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY OUT OF THE USE OF
24  * THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE.
25  */
26 
27 #include <sys/cdefs.h>
28 #include "opt_inet.h"
29 #include "opt_inet6.h"
30 
31 #include <sys/param.h>
32 #include <sys/jail.h>
33 #include <sys/systm.h>
34 #include <sys/socket.h>
35 #include <sys/socketvar.h>
36 #include <sys/sockio.h>
37 #include <sys/mbuf.h>
38 #include <sys/errno.h>
39 #include <sys/kernel.h>
40 #include <sys/sysctl.h>
41 #include <sys/malloc.h>
42 #include <sys/proc.h>
43 
44 #include <net/if.h>
45 #include <net/if_var.h>
46 #include <net/if_private.h>
47 #include <net/vnet.h>
48 
49 #include <netinet/in.h>
50 #ifdef INET
51 #include <net/ethernet.h>
52 #include <netinet/ip.h>
53 #endif
54 #include <netinet/in_pcb.h>
55 #include <netinet/ip_encap.h>
56 #include <netinet/ip_var.h>
57 #include <netinet/ip6.h>
58 #include <netinet/udp.h>
59 #include <netinet/udp_var.h>
60 #include <netinet6/ip6_var.h>
61 #include <netinet6/in6_var.h>
62 #include <netinet6/scope6_var.h>
63 #include <net/if_gre.h>
64 
65 VNET_DEFINE(int, ip6_gre_hlim) = IPV6_DEFHLIM;
66 #define	V_ip6_gre_hlim		VNET(ip6_gre_hlim)
67 
68 SYSCTL_DECL(_net_inet6_ip6);
69 SYSCTL_INT(_net_inet6_ip6, OID_AUTO, grehlim, CTLFLAG_VNET | CTLFLAG_RW,
70     &VNET_NAME(ip6_gre_hlim), 0, "Default hop limit for encapsulated packets");
71 
72 struct in6_gre_socket {
73 	struct gre_socket	base;
74 	struct in6_addr		addr; /* scope zone id is embedded */
75 };
76 VNET_DEFINE_STATIC(struct gre_sockets *, ipv6_sockets) = NULL;
77 VNET_DEFINE_STATIC(struct gre_list *, ipv6_hashtbl) = NULL;
78 VNET_DEFINE_STATIC(struct gre_list *, ipv6_srchashtbl) = NULL;
79 #define	V_ipv6_sockets		VNET(ipv6_sockets)
80 #define	V_ipv6_hashtbl		VNET(ipv6_hashtbl)
81 #define	V_ipv6_srchashtbl	VNET(ipv6_srchashtbl)
82 #define	GRE_HASH(src, dst)	(V_ipv6_hashtbl[\
83     in6_gre_hashval((src), (dst)) & (GRE_HASH_SIZE - 1)])
84 #define	GRE_SRCHASH(src)	(V_ipv6_srchashtbl[\
85     fnv_32_buf((src), sizeof(*src), FNV1_32_INIT) & (GRE_HASH_SIZE - 1)])
86 #define	GRE_SOCKHASH(src)	(V_ipv6_sockets[\
87     fnv_32_buf((src), sizeof(*src), FNV1_32_INIT) & (GRE_HASH_SIZE - 1)])
88 #define	GRE_HASH_SC(sc)		GRE_HASH(&(sc)->gre_oip6.ip6_src,\
89     &(sc)->gre_oip6.ip6_dst)
90 
91 static uint32_t
92 in6_gre_hashval(const struct in6_addr *src, const struct in6_addr *dst)
93 {
94 	uint32_t ret;
95 
96 	ret = fnv_32_buf(src, sizeof(*src), FNV1_32_INIT);
97 	return (fnv_32_buf(dst, sizeof(*dst), ret));
98 }
99 
100 static struct gre_socket*
101 in6_gre_lookup_socket(const struct in6_addr *addr)
102 {
103 	struct gre_socket *gs;
104 	struct in6_gre_socket *s;
105 
106 	CK_LIST_FOREACH(gs, &GRE_SOCKHASH(addr), chain) {
107 		s = __containerof(gs, struct in6_gre_socket, base);
108 		if (IN6_ARE_ADDR_EQUAL(&s->addr, addr))
109 			break;
110 	}
111 	return (gs);
112 }
113 
114 static int
115 in6_gre_checkdup(const struct gre_softc *sc, const struct in6_addr *src,
116     const struct in6_addr *dst, uint32_t opts)
117 {
118 	struct gre_list *head;
119 	struct gre_softc *tmp;
120 	struct gre_socket *gs;
121 
122 	if (sc->gre_family == AF_INET6 &&
123 	    IN6_ARE_ADDR_EQUAL(&sc->gre_oip6.ip6_src, src) &&
124 	    IN6_ARE_ADDR_EQUAL(&sc->gre_oip6.ip6_dst, dst) &&
125 	    (sc->gre_options & GRE_UDPENCAP) == (opts & GRE_UDPENCAP))
126 		return (EEXIST);
127 
128 	if (opts & GRE_UDPENCAP) {
129 		gs = in6_gre_lookup_socket(src);
130 		if (gs == NULL)
131 			return (0);
132 		head = &gs->list;
133 	} else
134 		head = &GRE_HASH(src, dst);
135 
136 	CK_LIST_FOREACH(tmp, head, chain) {
137 		if (tmp == sc)
138 			continue;
139 		if (IN6_ARE_ADDR_EQUAL(&tmp->gre_oip6.ip6_src, src) &&
140 		    IN6_ARE_ADDR_EQUAL(&tmp->gre_oip6.ip6_dst, dst))
141 			return (EADDRNOTAVAIL);
142 	}
143 	return (0);
144 }
145 
146 static int
147 in6_gre_lookup(const struct mbuf *m, int off, int proto, void **arg)
148 {
149 	const struct ip6_hdr *ip6;
150 	struct gre_softc *sc;
151 
152 	if (V_ipv6_hashtbl == NULL)
153 		return (0);
154 
155 	NET_EPOCH_ASSERT();
156 	ip6 = mtod(m, const struct ip6_hdr *);
157 	CK_LIST_FOREACH(sc, &GRE_HASH(&ip6->ip6_dst, &ip6->ip6_src), chain) {
158 		/*
159 		 * This is an inbound packet, its ip6_dst is source address
160 		 * in softc.
161 		 */
162 		if (IN6_ARE_ADDR_EQUAL(&sc->gre_oip6.ip6_src,
163 		    &ip6->ip6_dst) &&
164 		    IN6_ARE_ADDR_EQUAL(&sc->gre_oip6.ip6_dst,
165 		    &ip6->ip6_src)) {
166 			if ((GRE2IFP(sc)->if_flags & IFF_UP) == 0)
167 				return (0);
168 			*arg = sc;
169 			return (ENCAP_DRV_LOOKUP);
170 		}
171 	}
172 	return (0);
173 }
174 
175 /*
176  * Check that ingress address belongs to local host.
177  */
178 static void
179 in6_gre_set_running(struct gre_softc *sc)
180 {
181 
182 	if (in6_localip(&sc->gre_oip6.ip6_src))
183 		GRE2IFP(sc)->if_drv_flags |= IFF_DRV_RUNNING;
184 	else
185 		GRE2IFP(sc)->if_drv_flags &= ~IFF_DRV_RUNNING;
186 }
187 
188 /*
189  * ifaddr_event handler.
190  * Clear IFF_DRV_RUNNING flag when ingress address disappears to prevent
191  * source address spoofing.
192  */
193 static void
194 in6_gre_srcaddr(void *arg __unused, const struct sockaddr *sa,
195     int event __unused)
196 {
197 	const struct sockaddr_in6 *sin;
198 	struct gre_softc *sc;
199 
200 	/* Check that VNET is ready */
201 	if (V_ipv6_hashtbl == NULL)
202 		return;
203 
204 	NET_EPOCH_ASSERT();
205 	sin = (const struct sockaddr_in6 *)sa;
206 	CK_LIST_FOREACH(sc, &GRE_SRCHASH(&sin->sin6_addr), srchash) {
207 		if (IN6_ARE_ADDR_EQUAL(&sc->gre_oip6.ip6_src,
208 		    &sin->sin6_addr) == 0)
209 			continue;
210 		in6_gre_set_running(sc);
211 	}
212 }
213 
214 static bool
215 in6_gre_udp_input(struct mbuf *m, int off, struct inpcb *inp,
216     const struct sockaddr *sa, void *ctx)
217 {
218 	struct gre_socket *gs;
219 	struct gre_softc *sc;
220 	struct sockaddr_in6 dst;
221 
222 	NET_EPOCH_ASSERT();
223 
224 	gs = (struct gre_socket *)ctx;
225 	dst = *(const struct sockaddr_in6 *)sa;
226 	if (sa6_embedscope(&dst, 0)) {
227 		m_freem(m);
228 		return (true);
229 	}
230 	CK_LIST_FOREACH(sc, &gs->list, chain) {
231 		if (IN6_ARE_ADDR_EQUAL(&sc->gre_oip6.ip6_dst, &dst.sin6_addr))
232 			break;
233 	}
234 	if (sc != NULL && (GRE2IFP(sc)->if_flags & IFF_UP) != 0){
235 		gre_input(m, off + sizeof(struct udphdr), IPPROTO_UDP, sc);
236 		return (true);
237 	}
238 	m_freem(m);
239 
240 	return (true);
241 }
242 
243 static int
244 in6_gre_setup_socket(struct gre_softc *sc)
245 {
246 	struct sockopt sopt;
247 	struct sockaddr_in6 sin6;
248 	struct in6_gre_socket *s;
249 	struct gre_socket *gs;
250 	int error, value;
251 
252 	/*
253 	 * NOTE: we are protected with gre_ioctl_sx lock.
254 	 *
255 	 * First check that socket is already configured.
256 	 * If so, check that source address was not changed.
257 	 * If address is different, check that there are no other tunnels
258 	 * and close socket.
259 	 */
260 	gs = sc->gre_so;
261 	if (gs != NULL) {
262 		s = __containerof(gs, struct in6_gre_socket, base);
263 		if (!IN6_ARE_ADDR_EQUAL(&s->addr, &sc->gre_oip6.ip6_src)) {
264 			if (CK_LIST_EMPTY(&gs->list)) {
265 				CK_LIST_REMOVE(gs, chain);
266 				soclose(gs->so);
267 				NET_EPOCH_CALL(gre_sofree, &gs->epoch_ctx);
268 			}
269 			gs = sc->gre_so = NULL;
270 		}
271 	}
272 
273 	if (gs == NULL) {
274 		/*
275 		 * Check that socket for given address is already
276 		 * configured.
277 		 */
278 		gs = in6_gre_lookup_socket(&sc->gre_oip6.ip6_src);
279 		if (gs == NULL) {
280 			s = malloc(sizeof(*s), M_GRE, M_WAITOK | M_ZERO);
281 			s->addr = sc->gre_oip6.ip6_src;
282 			gs = &s->base;
283 
284 			error = socreate(sc->gre_family, &gs->so,
285 			    SOCK_DGRAM, IPPROTO_UDP, curthread->td_ucred,
286 			    curthread);
287 			if (error != 0) {
288 				if_printf(GRE2IFP(sc),
289 				    "cannot create socket: %d\n", error);
290 				free(s, M_GRE);
291 				return (error);
292 			}
293 
294 			error = udp_set_kernel_tunneling(gs->so,
295 			    in6_gre_udp_input, NULL, gs);
296 			if (error != 0) {
297 				if_printf(GRE2IFP(sc),
298 				    "cannot set UDP tunneling: %d\n", error);
299 				goto fail;
300 			}
301 
302 			memset(&sopt, 0, sizeof(sopt));
303 			sopt.sopt_dir = SOPT_SET;
304 			sopt.sopt_level = IPPROTO_IPV6;
305 			sopt.sopt_name = IPV6_BINDANY;
306 			sopt.sopt_val = &value;
307 			sopt.sopt_valsize = sizeof(value);
308 			value = 1;
309 			error = sosetopt(gs->so, &sopt);
310 			if (error != 0) {
311 				if_printf(GRE2IFP(sc),
312 				    "cannot set IPV6_BINDANY opt: %d\n",
313 				    error);
314 				goto fail;
315 			}
316 
317 			memset(&sin6, 0, sizeof(sin6));
318 			sin6.sin6_family = AF_INET6;
319 			sin6.sin6_len = sizeof(sin6);
320 			sin6.sin6_addr = sc->gre_oip6.ip6_src;
321 			sin6.sin6_port = htons(GRE_UDPPORT);
322 			error = sa6_recoverscope(&sin6);
323 			if (error != 0) {
324 				if_printf(GRE2IFP(sc),
325 				    "cannot determine scope zone id: %d\n",
326 				    error);
327 				goto fail;
328 			}
329 			error = sobind(gs->so, (struct sockaddr *)&sin6,
330 			    curthread);
331 			if (error != 0) {
332 				if_printf(GRE2IFP(sc),
333 				    "cannot bind socket: %d\n", error);
334 				goto fail;
335 			}
336 			/* Add socket to the chain */
337 			CK_LIST_INSERT_HEAD(
338 			    &GRE_SOCKHASH(&sc->gre_oip6.ip6_src), gs, chain);
339 		}
340 	}
341 
342 	/* Add softc to the socket's list */
343 	CK_LIST_INSERT_HEAD(&gs->list, sc, chain);
344 	sc->gre_so = gs;
345 	return (0);
346 fail:
347 	soclose(gs->so);
348 	free(s, M_GRE);
349 	return (error);
350 }
351 
352 static int
353 in6_gre_attach(struct gre_softc *sc)
354 {
355 	struct grehdr *gh;
356 	int error;
357 
358 	if (sc->gre_options & GRE_UDPENCAP) {
359 		sc->gre_csumflags = CSUM_UDP_IPV6;
360 		sc->gre_hlen = sizeof(struct greudp6);
361 		sc->gre_oip6.ip6_nxt = IPPROTO_UDP;
362 		gh = &sc->gre_udp6hdr->gi6_gre;
363 		gre_update_udphdr(sc, &sc->gre_udp6,
364 		    in6_cksum_pseudo(&sc->gre_oip6, 0, 0, 0));
365 	} else {
366 		sc->gre_hlen = sizeof(struct greip6);
367 		sc->gre_oip6.ip6_nxt = IPPROTO_GRE;
368 		gh = &sc->gre_ip6hdr->gi6_gre;
369 	}
370 	sc->gre_oip6.ip6_vfc = IPV6_VERSION;
371 	gre_update_hdr(sc, gh);
372 
373 	/*
374 	 * If we return error, this means that sc is not linked,
375 	 * and caller should reset gre_family and free(sc->gre_hdr).
376 	 */
377 	if (sc->gre_options & GRE_UDPENCAP) {
378 		error = in6_gre_setup_socket(sc);
379 		if (error != 0)
380 			return (error);
381 	} else
382 		CK_LIST_INSERT_HEAD(&GRE_HASH_SC(sc), sc, chain);
383 	CK_LIST_INSERT_HEAD(&GRE_SRCHASH(&sc->gre_oip6.ip6_src), sc, srchash);
384 
385 	/* Set IFF_DRV_RUNNING if interface is ready */
386 	in6_gre_set_running(sc);
387 	return (0);
388 }
389 
390 int
391 in6_gre_setopts(struct gre_softc *sc, u_long cmd, uint32_t value)
392 {
393 	int error;
394 
395 	/* NOTE: we are protected with gre_ioctl_sx lock */
396 	MPASS(cmd == GRESKEY || cmd == GRESOPTS || cmd == GRESPORT);
397 	MPASS(sc->gre_family == AF_INET6);
398 
399 	/*
400 	 * If we are going to change encapsulation protocol, do check
401 	 * for duplicate tunnels. Return EEXIST here to do not confuse
402 	 * user.
403 	 */
404 	if (cmd == GRESOPTS &&
405 	    (sc->gre_options & GRE_UDPENCAP) != (value & GRE_UDPENCAP) &&
406 	    in6_gre_checkdup(sc, &sc->gre_oip6.ip6_src,
407 		&sc->gre_oip6.ip6_dst, value) == EADDRNOTAVAIL)
408 		return (EEXIST);
409 
410 	CK_LIST_REMOVE(sc, chain);
411 	CK_LIST_REMOVE(sc, srchash);
412 	GRE_WAIT();
413 	switch (cmd) {
414 	case GRESKEY:
415 		sc->gre_key = value;
416 		break;
417 	case GRESOPTS:
418 		sc->gre_options = value;
419 		break;
420 	case GRESPORT:
421 		sc->gre_port = value;
422 		break;
423 	}
424 	error = in6_gre_attach(sc);
425 	if (error != 0) {
426 		sc->gre_family = 0;
427 		free(sc->gre_hdr, M_GRE);
428 	}
429 	return (error);
430 }
431 
432 int
433 in6_gre_ioctl(struct gre_softc *sc, u_long cmd, caddr_t data)
434 {
435 	struct in6_ifreq *ifr = (struct in6_ifreq *)data;
436 	struct sockaddr_in6 *dst, *src;
437 	struct ip6_hdr *ip6;
438 	int error;
439 
440 	/* NOTE: we are protected with gre_ioctl_sx lock */
441 	error = EINVAL;
442 	switch (cmd) {
443 	case SIOCSIFPHYADDR_IN6:
444 		src = &((struct in6_aliasreq *)data)->ifra_addr;
445 		dst = &((struct in6_aliasreq *)data)->ifra_dstaddr;
446 
447 		/* sanity checks */
448 		if (src->sin6_family != dst->sin6_family ||
449 		    src->sin6_family != AF_INET6 ||
450 		    src->sin6_len != dst->sin6_len ||
451 		    src->sin6_len != sizeof(*src))
452 			break;
453 		if (IN6_IS_ADDR_UNSPECIFIED(&src->sin6_addr) ||
454 		    IN6_IS_ADDR_UNSPECIFIED(&dst->sin6_addr)) {
455 			error = EADDRNOTAVAIL;
456 			break;
457 		}
458 		/*
459 		 * Check validity of the scope zone ID of the
460 		 * addresses, and convert it into the kernel
461 		 * internal form if necessary.
462 		 */
463 		if ((error = sa6_embedscope(src, 0)) != 0 ||
464 		    (error = sa6_embedscope(dst, 0)) != 0)
465 			break;
466 
467 		if (V_ipv6_hashtbl == NULL) {
468 			V_ipv6_hashtbl = gre_hashinit();
469 			V_ipv6_srchashtbl = gre_hashinit();
470 			V_ipv6_sockets = (struct gre_sockets *)gre_hashinit();
471 		}
472 		error = in6_gre_checkdup(sc, &src->sin6_addr,
473 		    &dst->sin6_addr, sc->gre_options);
474 		if (error == EADDRNOTAVAIL)
475 			break;
476 		if (error == EEXIST) {
477 			/* Addresses are the same. Just return. */
478 			error = 0;
479 			break;
480 		}
481 		ip6 = malloc(sizeof(struct greudp6) + 3 * sizeof(uint32_t),
482 		    M_GRE, M_WAITOK | M_ZERO);
483 		ip6->ip6_src = src->sin6_addr;
484 		ip6->ip6_dst = dst->sin6_addr;
485 		if (sc->gre_family != 0) {
486 			/* Detach existing tunnel first */
487 			CK_LIST_REMOVE(sc, chain);
488 			CK_LIST_REMOVE(sc, srchash);
489 			GRE_WAIT();
490 			free(sc->gre_hdr, M_GRE);
491 			/* XXX: should we notify about link state change? */
492 		}
493 		sc->gre_family = AF_INET6;
494 		sc->gre_hdr = ip6;
495 		sc->gre_oseq = 0;
496 		sc->gre_iseq = UINT32_MAX;
497 		error = in6_gre_attach(sc);
498 		if (error != 0) {
499 			sc->gre_family = 0;
500 			free(sc->gre_hdr, M_GRE);
501 		}
502 		break;
503 	case SIOCGIFPSRCADDR_IN6:
504 	case SIOCGIFPDSTADDR_IN6:
505 		if (sc->gre_family != AF_INET6) {
506 			error = EADDRNOTAVAIL;
507 			break;
508 		}
509 		src = (struct sockaddr_in6 *)&ifr->ifr_addr;
510 		memset(src, 0, sizeof(*src));
511 		src->sin6_family = AF_INET6;
512 		src->sin6_len = sizeof(*src);
513 		src->sin6_addr = (cmd == SIOCGIFPSRCADDR_IN6) ?
514 		    sc->gre_oip6.ip6_src: sc->gre_oip6.ip6_dst;
515 		error = prison_if(curthread->td_ucred, (struct sockaddr *)src);
516 		if (error == 0)
517 			error = sa6_recoverscope(src);
518 		if (error != 0)
519 			memset(src, 0, sizeof(*src));
520 		break;
521 	}
522 	return (error);
523 }
524 
525 int
526 in6_gre_output(struct mbuf *m, int af __unused, int hlen __unused,
527     uint32_t flowid)
528 {
529 	struct greip6 *gi6;
530 
531 	gi6 = mtod(m, struct greip6 *);
532 	gi6->gi6_ip6.ip6_hlim = V_ip6_gre_hlim;
533 	gi6->gi6_ip6.ip6_flow |= flowid & IPV6_FLOWLABEL_MASK;
534 	return (ip6_output(m, NULL, NULL, IPV6_MINMTU, NULL, NULL, NULL));
535 }
536 
537 static const struct srcaddrtab *ipv6_srcaddrtab = NULL;
538 static const struct encaptab *ecookie = NULL;
539 static const struct encap_config ipv6_encap_cfg = {
540 	.proto = IPPROTO_GRE,
541 	.min_length = sizeof(struct greip6) +
542 #ifdef INET
543 	    sizeof(struct ip),
544 #else
545 	    sizeof(struct ip6_hdr),
546 #endif
547 	.exact_match = ENCAP_DRV_LOOKUP,
548 	.lookup = in6_gre_lookup,
549 	.input = gre_input
550 };
551 
552 void
553 in6_gre_init(void)
554 {
555 
556 	if (!IS_DEFAULT_VNET(curvnet))
557 		return;
558 	ipv6_srcaddrtab = ip6_encap_register_srcaddr(in6_gre_srcaddr,
559 	    NULL, M_WAITOK);
560 	ecookie = ip6_encap_attach(&ipv6_encap_cfg, NULL, M_WAITOK);
561 }
562 
563 void
564 in6_gre_uninit(void)
565 {
566 
567 	if (IS_DEFAULT_VNET(curvnet)) {
568 		ip6_encap_detach(ecookie);
569 		ip6_encap_unregister_srcaddr(ipv6_srcaddrtab);
570 	}
571 	if (V_ipv6_hashtbl != NULL) {
572 		gre_hashdestroy(V_ipv6_hashtbl);
573 		V_ipv6_hashtbl = NULL;
574 		GRE_WAIT();
575 		gre_hashdestroy(V_ipv6_srchashtbl);
576 		gre_hashdestroy((struct gre_list *)V_ipv6_sockets);
577 	}
578 }
579