xref: /freebsd/sys/netinet/tcp_timer.c (revision 7660b554bc59a07be0431c17e0e33815818baa69)
1 /*
2  * Copyright (c) 1982, 1986, 1988, 1990, 1993, 1995
3  *	The Regents of the University of California.  All rights reserved.
4  *
5  * Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
6  * modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions
7  * are met:
8  * 1. Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright
9  *    notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
10  * 2. Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above copyright
11  *    notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer in the
12  *    documentation and/or other materials provided with the distribution.
13  * 3. All advertising materials mentioning features or use of this software
14  *    must display the following acknowledgement:
15  *	This product includes software developed by the University of
16  *	California, Berkeley and its contributors.
17  * 4. Neither the name of the University nor the names of its contributors
18  *    may be used to endorse or promote products derived from this software
19  *    without specific prior written permission.
20  *
21  * THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE REGENTS AND CONTRIBUTORS ``AS IS'' AND
22  * ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, THE
23  * IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE
24  * ARE DISCLAIMED.  IN NO EVENT SHALL THE REGENTS OR CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE
25  * FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL, SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL
26  * DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS
27  * OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE, DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION)
28  * HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT
29  * LIABILITY, OR TORT (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY
30  * OUT OF THE USE OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF
31  * SUCH DAMAGE.
32  *
33  *	@(#)tcp_timer.c	8.2 (Berkeley) 5/24/95
34  * $FreeBSD$
35  */
36 
37 #include "opt_inet6.h"
38 #include "opt_tcpdebug.h"
39 
40 #include <sys/param.h>
41 #include <sys/kernel.h>
42 #include <sys/lock.h>
43 #include <sys/mbuf.h>
44 #include <sys/mutex.h>
45 #include <sys/protosw.h>
46 #include <sys/socket.h>
47 #include <sys/socketvar.h>
48 #include <sys/sysctl.h>
49 #include <sys/systm.h>
50 
51 #include <net/route.h>
52 
53 #include <netinet/in.h>
54 #include <netinet/in_pcb.h>
55 #include <netinet/in_systm.h>
56 #ifdef INET6
57 #include <netinet6/in6_pcb.h>
58 #endif
59 #include <netinet/ip_var.h>
60 #include <netinet/tcp.h>
61 #include <netinet/tcp_fsm.h>
62 #include <netinet/tcp_timer.h>
63 #include <netinet/tcp_var.h>
64 #include <netinet/tcpip.h>
65 #ifdef TCPDEBUG
66 #include <netinet/tcp_debug.h>
67 #endif
68 
69 static int
70 sysctl_msec_to_ticks(SYSCTL_HANDLER_ARGS)
71 {
72 	int error, s, tt;
73 
74 	tt = *(int *)oidp->oid_arg1;
75 	s = (int)((int64_t)tt * 1000 / hz);
76 
77 	error = sysctl_handle_int(oidp, &s, 0, req);
78 	if (error || !req->newptr)
79 		return (error);
80 
81 	tt = (int)((int64_t)s * hz / 1000);
82 	if (tt < 1)
83 		return (EINVAL);
84 
85 	*(int *)oidp->oid_arg1 = tt;
86         return (0);
87 }
88 
89 int	tcp_keepinit;
90 SYSCTL_PROC(_net_inet_tcp, TCPCTL_KEEPINIT, keepinit, CTLTYPE_INT|CTLFLAG_RW,
91     &tcp_keepinit, 0, sysctl_msec_to_ticks, "I", "");
92 
93 int	tcp_keepidle;
94 SYSCTL_PROC(_net_inet_tcp, TCPCTL_KEEPIDLE, keepidle, CTLTYPE_INT|CTLFLAG_RW,
95     &tcp_keepidle, 0, sysctl_msec_to_ticks, "I", "");
96 
97 int	tcp_keepintvl;
98 SYSCTL_PROC(_net_inet_tcp, TCPCTL_KEEPINTVL, keepintvl, CTLTYPE_INT|CTLFLAG_RW,
99     &tcp_keepintvl, 0, sysctl_msec_to_ticks, "I", "");
100 
101 int	tcp_delacktime;
102 SYSCTL_PROC(_net_inet_tcp, TCPCTL_DELACKTIME, delacktime,
103     CTLTYPE_INT|CTLFLAG_RW, &tcp_delacktime, 0, sysctl_msec_to_ticks, "I",
104     "Time before a delayed ACK is sent");
105 
106 int	tcp_msl;
107 SYSCTL_PROC(_net_inet_tcp, OID_AUTO, msl, CTLTYPE_INT|CTLFLAG_RW,
108     &tcp_msl, 0, sysctl_msec_to_ticks, "I", "Maximum segment lifetime");
109 
110 int	tcp_rexmit_min;
111 SYSCTL_PROC(_net_inet_tcp, OID_AUTO, rexmit_min, CTLTYPE_INT|CTLFLAG_RW,
112     &tcp_rexmit_min, 0, sysctl_msec_to_ticks, "I", "Minimum Retransmission Timeout");
113 
114 int	tcp_rexmit_slop;
115 SYSCTL_PROC(_net_inet_tcp, OID_AUTO, rexmit_slop, CTLTYPE_INT|CTLFLAG_RW,
116     &tcp_rexmit_slop, 0, sysctl_msec_to_ticks, "I", "Retransmission Timer Slop");
117 
118 static int	always_keepalive = 1;
119 SYSCTL_INT(_net_inet_tcp, OID_AUTO, always_keepalive, CTLFLAG_RW,
120     &always_keepalive , 0, "Assume SO_KEEPALIVE on all TCP connections");
121 
122 static int	tcp_keepcnt = TCPTV_KEEPCNT;
123 	/* max idle probes */
124 int	tcp_maxpersistidle;
125 	/* max idle time in persist */
126 int	tcp_maxidle;
127 
128 /*
129  * Tcp protocol timeout routine called every 500 ms.
130  * Updates timestamps used for TCP
131  * causes finite state machine actions if timers expire.
132  */
133 void
134 tcp_slowtimo()
135 {
136 	int s;
137 
138 	s = splnet();
139 	tcp_maxidle = tcp_keepcnt * tcp_keepintvl;
140 	splx(s);
141 	INP_INFO_WLOCK(&tcbinfo);
142 	(void) tcp_timer_2msl_tw(0);
143 	INP_INFO_WUNLOCK(&tcbinfo);
144 }
145 
146 /*
147  * Cancel all timers for TCP tp.
148  */
149 void
150 tcp_canceltimers(tp)
151 	struct tcpcb *tp;
152 {
153 	callout_stop(tp->tt_2msl);
154 	callout_stop(tp->tt_persist);
155 	callout_stop(tp->tt_keep);
156 	callout_stop(tp->tt_rexmt);
157 }
158 
159 int	tcp_syn_backoff[TCP_MAXRXTSHIFT + 1] =
160     { 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 2, 4, 8, 16, 32, 64, 64, 64 };
161 
162 int	tcp_backoff[TCP_MAXRXTSHIFT + 1] =
163     { 1, 2, 4, 8, 16, 32, 64, 128, 256, 512, 512, 512, 512 };
164 
165 static int tcp_totbackoff = 2559;	/* sum of tcp_backoff[] */
166 
167 /*
168  * TCP timer processing.
169  */
170 
171 void
172 tcp_timer_delack(xtp)
173 	void *xtp;
174 {
175 	struct tcpcb *tp = xtp;
176 	int s;
177 	struct inpcb *inp;
178 
179 	s = splnet();
180 	INP_INFO_RLOCK(&tcbinfo);
181 	inp = tp->t_inpcb;
182 	if (!inp) {
183 		INP_INFO_RUNLOCK(&tcbinfo);
184 		splx(s);
185 		return;
186 	}
187 	INP_LOCK(inp);
188 	INP_INFO_RUNLOCK(&tcbinfo);
189 	if (callout_pending(tp->tt_delack) || !callout_active(tp->tt_delack)) {
190 		INP_UNLOCK(inp);
191 		splx(s);
192 		return;
193 	}
194 	callout_deactivate(tp->tt_delack);
195 
196 	tp->t_flags |= TF_ACKNOW;
197 	tcpstat.tcps_delack++;
198 	(void) tcp_output(tp);
199 	INP_UNLOCK(inp);
200 	splx(s);
201 }
202 
203 void
204 tcp_timer_2msl(xtp)
205 	void *xtp;
206 {
207 	struct tcpcb *tp = xtp;
208 	int s;
209 	struct inpcb *inp;
210 #ifdef TCPDEBUG
211 	int ostate;
212 
213 	ostate = tp->t_state;
214 #endif
215 	s = splnet();
216 	INP_INFO_WLOCK(&tcbinfo);
217 	inp = tp->t_inpcb;
218 	if (!inp) {
219 		INP_INFO_WUNLOCK(&tcbinfo);
220 		splx(s);
221 		return;
222 	}
223 	INP_LOCK(inp);
224 	if (callout_pending(tp->tt_2msl) || !callout_active(tp->tt_2msl)) {
225 		INP_UNLOCK(tp->t_inpcb);
226 		INP_INFO_WUNLOCK(&tcbinfo);
227 		splx(s);
228 		return;
229 	}
230 	callout_deactivate(tp->tt_2msl);
231 	/*
232 	 * 2 MSL timeout in shutdown went off.  If we're closed but
233 	 * still waiting for peer to close and connection has been idle
234 	 * too long, or if 2MSL time is up from TIME_WAIT, delete connection
235 	 * control block.  Otherwise, check again in a bit.
236 	 */
237 	if (tp->t_state != TCPS_TIME_WAIT &&
238 	    (ticks - tp->t_rcvtime) <= tcp_maxidle)
239 		callout_reset(tp->tt_2msl, tcp_keepintvl,
240 			      tcp_timer_2msl, tp);
241 	else
242 		tp = tcp_close(tp);
243 
244 #ifdef TCPDEBUG
245 	if (tp && (tp->t_inpcb->inp_socket->so_options & SO_DEBUG))
246 		tcp_trace(TA_USER, ostate, tp, (void *)0, (struct tcphdr *)0,
247 			  PRU_SLOWTIMO);
248 #endif
249 	if (tp)
250 		INP_UNLOCK(inp);
251 	INP_INFO_WUNLOCK(&tcbinfo);
252 	splx(s);
253 }
254 
255 struct twlist {
256 	LIST_HEAD(, tcptw)	tw_list;
257 	struct tcptw	tw_tail;
258 };
259 #define TWLIST_NLISTS	2
260 static struct twlist twl_2msl[TWLIST_NLISTS];
261 static struct twlist *tw_2msl_list[] = { &twl_2msl[0], &twl_2msl[1], NULL };
262 
263 void
264 tcp_timer_init(void)
265 {
266 	int i;
267 	struct twlist *twl;
268 
269 	for (i = 0; i < TWLIST_NLISTS; i++) {
270 		twl = &twl_2msl[i];
271 		LIST_INIT(&twl->tw_list);
272 		LIST_INSERT_HEAD(&twl->tw_list, &twl->tw_tail, tw_2msl);
273 	}
274 }
275 
276 void
277 tcp_timer_2msl_reset(struct tcptw *tw, int timeo)
278 {
279 	int i;
280 	struct tcptw *tw_tail;
281 
282 	if (tw->tw_time != 0)
283 		LIST_REMOVE(tw, tw_2msl);
284 	tw->tw_time = timeo + ticks;
285 	i = timeo > tcp_msl ? 1 : 0;
286 	tw_tail = &twl_2msl[i].tw_tail;
287 	LIST_INSERT_BEFORE(tw_tail, tw, tw_2msl);
288 }
289 
290 void
291 tcp_timer_2msl_stop(struct tcptw *tw)
292 {
293 
294 	if (tw->tw_time != 0)
295 		LIST_REMOVE(tw, tw_2msl);
296 }
297 
298 struct tcptw *
299 tcp_timer_2msl_tw(int reuse)
300 {
301 	struct tcptw *tw, *tw_tail;
302 	struct twlist *twl;
303 	int i;
304 
305 	for (i = 0; i < 2; i++) {
306 		twl = tw_2msl_list[i];
307 		tw_tail = &twl->tw_tail;
308 		for (;;) {
309 			tw = LIST_FIRST(&twl->tw_list);
310 			if (tw == tw_tail || (!reuse && tw->tw_time > ticks))
311 				break;
312 			INP_LOCK(tw->tw_inpcb);
313 			if (tcp_twclose(tw, reuse) != NULL)
314 				return (tw);
315 		}
316 	}
317 	return (NULL);
318 }
319 
320 void
321 tcp_timer_keep(xtp)
322 	void *xtp;
323 {
324 	struct tcpcb *tp = xtp;
325 	struct tcptemp *t_template;
326 	int s;
327 	struct inpcb *inp;
328 #ifdef TCPDEBUG
329 	int ostate;
330 
331 	ostate = tp->t_state;
332 #endif
333 	s = splnet();
334 	INP_INFO_WLOCK(&tcbinfo);
335 	inp = tp->t_inpcb;
336 	if (!inp) {
337 		INP_INFO_WUNLOCK(&tcbinfo);
338 		splx(s);
339 		return;
340 	}
341 	INP_LOCK(inp);
342 	if (callout_pending(tp->tt_keep) || !callout_active(tp->tt_keep)) {
343 		INP_UNLOCK(inp);
344 		INP_INFO_WUNLOCK(&tcbinfo);
345 		splx(s);
346 		return;
347 	}
348 	callout_deactivate(tp->tt_keep);
349 	/*
350 	 * Keep-alive timer went off; send something
351 	 * or drop connection if idle for too long.
352 	 */
353 	tcpstat.tcps_keeptimeo++;
354 	if (tp->t_state < TCPS_ESTABLISHED)
355 		goto dropit;
356 	if ((always_keepalive ||
357 	     tp->t_inpcb->inp_socket->so_options & SO_KEEPALIVE) &&
358 	    tp->t_state <= TCPS_CLOSING) {
359 		if ((ticks - tp->t_rcvtime) >= tcp_keepidle + tcp_maxidle)
360 			goto dropit;
361 		/*
362 		 * Send a packet designed to force a response
363 		 * if the peer is up and reachable:
364 		 * either an ACK if the connection is still alive,
365 		 * or an RST if the peer has closed the connection
366 		 * due to timeout or reboot.
367 		 * Using sequence number tp->snd_una-1
368 		 * causes the transmitted zero-length segment
369 		 * to lie outside the receive window;
370 		 * by the protocol spec, this requires the
371 		 * correspondent TCP to respond.
372 		 */
373 		tcpstat.tcps_keepprobe++;
374 		t_template = tcpip_maketemplate(inp);
375 		if (t_template) {
376 			tcp_respond(tp, t_template->tt_ipgen,
377 				    &t_template->tt_t, (struct mbuf *)NULL,
378 				    tp->rcv_nxt, tp->snd_una - 1, 0);
379 			(void) m_free(dtom(t_template));
380 		}
381 		callout_reset(tp->tt_keep, tcp_keepintvl, tcp_timer_keep, tp);
382 	} else
383 		callout_reset(tp->tt_keep, tcp_keepidle, tcp_timer_keep, tp);
384 
385 #ifdef TCPDEBUG
386 	if (tp->t_inpcb->inp_socket->so_options & SO_DEBUG)
387 		tcp_trace(TA_USER, ostate, tp, (void *)0, (struct tcphdr *)0,
388 			  PRU_SLOWTIMO);
389 #endif
390 	INP_UNLOCK(inp);
391 	INP_INFO_WUNLOCK(&tcbinfo);
392 	splx(s);
393 	return;
394 
395 dropit:
396 	tcpstat.tcps_keepdrops++;
397 	tp = tcp_drop(tp, ETIMEDOUT);
398 
399 #ifdef TCPDEBUG
400 	if (tp && (tp->t_inpcb->inp_socket->so_options & SO_DEBUG))
401 		tcp_trace(TA_USER, ostate, tp, (void *)0, (struct tcphdr *)0,
402 			  PRU_SLOWTIMO);
403 #endif
404 	if (tp)
405 		INP_UNLOCK(tp->t_inpcb);
406 	INP_INFO_WUNLOCK(&tcbinfo);
407 	splx(s);
408 }
409 
410 void
411 tcp_timer_persist(xtp)
412 	void *xtp;
413 {
414 	struct tcpcb *tp = xtp;
415 	int s;
416 	struct inpcb *inp;
417 #ifdef TCPDEBUG
418 	int ostate;
419 
420 	ostate = tp->t_state;
421 #endif
422 	s = splnet();
423 	INP_INFO_WLOCK(&tcbinfo);
424 	inp = tp->t_inpcb;
425 	if (!inp) {
426 		INP_INFO_WUNLOCK(&tcbinfo);
427 		splx(s);
428 		return;
429 	}
430 	INP_LOCK(inp);
431 	if (callout_pending(tp->tt_persist) || !callout_active(tp->tt_persist)){
432 		INP_UNLOCK(inp);
433 		INP_INFO_WUNLOCK(&tcbinfo);
434 		splx(s);
435 		return;
436 	}
437 	callout_deactivate(tp->tt_persist);
438 	/*
439 	 * Persistance timer into zero window.
440 	 * Force a byte to be output, if possible.
441 	 */
442 	tcpstat.tcps_persisttimeo++;
443 	/*
444 	 * Hack: if the peer is dead/unreachable, we do not
445 	 * time out if the window is closed.  After a full
446 	 * backoff, drop the connection if the idle time
447 	 * (no responses to probes) reaches the maximum
448 	 * backoff that we would use if retransmitting.
449 	 */
450 	if (tp->t_rxtshift == TCP_MAXRXTSHIFT &&
451 	    ((ticks - tp->t_rcvtime) >= tcp_maxpersistidle ||
452 	     (ticks - tp->t_rcvtime) >= TCP_REXMTVAL(tp) * tcp_totbackoff)) {
453 		tcpstat.tcps_persistdrop++;
454 		tp = tcp_drop(tp, ETIMEDOUT);
455 		goto out;
456 	}
457 	tcp_setpersist(tp);
458 	tp->t_force = 1;
459 	(void) tcp_output(tp);
460 	tp->t_force = 0;
461 
462 out:
463 #ifdef TCPDEBUG
464 	if (tp && tp->t_inpcb->inp_socket->so_options & SO_DEBUG)
465 		tcp_trace(TA_USER, ostate, tp, (void *)0, (struct tcphdr *)0,
466 			  PRU_SLOWTIMO);
467 #endif
468 	if (tp)
469 		INP_UNLOCK(inp);
470 	INP_INFO_WUNLOCK(&tcbinfo);
471 	splx(s);
472 }
473 
474 void
475 tcp_timer_rexmt(xtp)
476 	void *xtp;
477 {
478 	struct tcpcb *tp = xtp;
479 	int s;
480 	int rexmt;
481 	int headlocked;
482 	struct inpcb *inp;
483 #ifdef TCPDEBUG
484 	int ostate;
485 
486 	ostate = tp->t_state;
487 #endif
488 	s = splnet();
489 	INP_INFO_WLOCK(&tcbinfo);
490 	headlocked = 1;
491 	inp = tp->t_inpcb;
492 	if (!inp) {
493 		INP_INFO_WUNLOCK(&tcbinfo);
494 		splx(s);
495 		return;
496 	}
497 	INP_LOCK(inp);
498 	if (callout_pending(tp->tt_rexmt) || !callout_active(tp->tt_rexmt)) {
499 		INP_UNLOCK(inp);
500 		INP_INFO_WUNLOCK(&tcbinfo);
501 		splx(s);
502 		return;
503 	}
504 	callout_deactivate(tp->tt_rexmt);
505 	/*
506 	 * Retransmission timer went off.  Message has not
507 	 * been acked within retransmit interval.  Back off
508 	 * to a longer retransmit interval and retransmit one segment.
509 	 */
510 	if (++tp->t_rxtshift > TCP_MAXRXTSHIFT) {
511 		tp->t_rxtshift = TCP_MAXRXTSHIFT;
512 		tcpstat.tcps_timeoutdrop++;
513 		tp = tcp_drop(tp, tp->t_softerror ?
514 			      tp->t_softerror : ETIMEDOUT);
515 		goto out;
516 	}
517 	INP_INFO_WUNLOCK(&tcbinfo);
518 	headlocked = 0;
519 	if (tp->t_rxtshift == 1) {
520 		/*
521 		 * first retransmit; record ssthresh and cwnd so they can
522 	 	 * be recovered if this turns out to be a "bad" retransmit.
523 		 * A retransmit is considered "bad" if an ACK for this
524 		 * segment is received within RTT/2 interval; the assumption
525 		 * here is that the ACK was already in flight.  See
526 		 * "On Estimating End-to-End Network Path Properties" by
527 		 * Allman and Paxson for more details.
528 		 */
529 		tp->snd_cwnd_prev = tp->snd_cwnd;
530 		tp->snd_ssthresh_prev = tp->snd_ssthresh;
531 		tp->snd_recover_prev = tp->snd_recover;
532 		if (IN_FASTRECOVERY(tp))
533 		  tp->t_flags |= TF_WASFRECOVERY;
534 		else
535 		  tp->t_flags &= ~TF_WASFRECOVERY;
536 		tp->t_badrxtwin = ticks + (tp->t_srtt >> (TCP_RTT_SHIFT + 1));
537 	}
538 	tcpstat.tcps_rexmttimeo++;
539 	if (tp->t_state == TCPS_SYN_SENT)
540 		rexmt = TCP_REXMTVAL(tp) * tcp_syn_backoff[tp->t_rxtshift];
541 	else
542 		rexmt = TCP_REXMTVAL(tp) * tcp_backoff[tp->t_rxtshift];
543 	TCPT_RANGESET(tp->t_rxtcur, rexmt,
544 		      tp->t_rttmin, TCPTV_REXMTMAX);
545 	/*
546 	 * Disable rfc1323 and rfc1644 if we havn't got any response to
547 	 * our third SYN to work-around some broken terminal servers
548 	 * (most of which have hopefully been retired) that have bad VJ
549 	 * header compression code which trashes TCP segments containing
550 	 * unknown-to-them TCP options.
551 	 */
552 	if ((tp->t_state == TCPS_SYN_SENT) && (tp->t_rxtshift == 3))
553 		tp->t_flags &= ~(TF_REQ_SCALE|TF_REQ_TSTMP|TF_REQ_CC);
554 	/*
555 	 * If losing, let the lower level know and try for
556 	 * a better route.  Also, if we backed off this far,
557 	 * our srtt estimate is probably bogus.  Clobber it
558 	 * so we'll take the next rtt measurement as our srtt;
559 	 * move the current srtt into rttvar to keep the current
560 	 * retransmit times until then.
561 	 */
562 	if (tp->t_rxtshift > TCP_MAXRXTSHIFT / 4) {
563 #ifdef INET6
564 		if ((tp->t_inpcb->inp_vflag & INP_IPV6) != 0)
565 			in6_losing(tp->t_inpcb);
566 		else
567 #endif
568 		in_losing(tp->t_inpcb);
569 		tp->t_rttvar += (tp->t_srtt >> TCP_RTT_SHIFT);
570 		tp->t_srtt = 0;
571 	}
572 	tp->snd_nxt = tp->snd_una;
573 	tp->snd_recover = tp->snd_max;
574 	/*
575 	 * Force a segment to be sent.
576 	 */
577 	tp->t_flags |= TF_ACKNOW;
578 	/*
579 	 * If timing a segment in this window, stop the timer.
580 	 */
581 	tp->t_rtttime = 0;
582 	/*
583 	 * Close the congestion window down to one segment
584 	 * (we'll open it by one segment for each ack we get).
585 	 * Since we probably have a window's worth of unacked
586 	 * data accumulated, this "slow start" keeps us from
587 	 * dumping all that data as back-to-back packets (which
588 	 * might overwhelm an intermediate gateway).
589 	 *
590 	 * There are two phases to the opening: Initially we
591 	 * open by one mss on each ack.  This makes the window
592 	 * size increase exponentially with time.  If the
593 	 * window is larger than the path can handle, this
594 	 * exponential growth results in dropped packet(s)
595 	 * almost immediately.  To get more time between
596 	 * drops but still "push" the network to take advantage
597 	 * of improving conditions, we switch from exponential
598 	 * to linear window opening at some threshhold size.
599 	 * For a threshhold, we use half the current window
600 	 * size, truncated to a multiple of the mss.
601 	 *
602 	 * (the minimum cwnd that will give us exponential
603 	 * growth is 2 mss.  We don't allow the threshhold
604 	 * to go below this.)
605 	 */
606 	{
607 		u_int win = min(tp->snd_wnd, tp->snd_cwnd) / 2 / tp->t_maxseg;
608 		if (win < 2)
609 			win = 2;
610 		tp->snd_cwnd = tp->t_maxseg;
611 		tp->snd_ssthresh = win * tp->t_maxseg;
612 		tp->t_dupacks = 0;
613 	}
614 	EXIT_FASTRECOVERY(tp);
615 	(void) tcp_output(tp);
616 
617 out:
618 #ifdef TCPDEBUG
619 	if (tp && (tp->t_inpcb->inp_socket->so_options & SO_DEBUG))
620 		tcp_trace(TA_USER, ostate, tp, (void *)0, (struct tcphdr *)0,
621 			  PRU_SLOWTIMO);
622 #endif
623 	if (tp)
624 		INP_UNLOCK(inp);
625 	if (headlocked)
626 		INP_INFO_WUNLOCK(&tcbinfo);
627 	splx(s);
628 }
629