xref: /freebsd/sys/netinet/tcp_output.c (revision f1ed5c000c688cf9781b486134baf4ba25415efd)
1 /*-
2  * SPDX-License-Identifier: BSD-3-Clause
3  *
4  * Copyright (c) 1982, 1986, 1988, 1990, 1993, 1995
5  *	The Regents of the University of California.  All rights reserved.
6  *
7  * Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
8  * modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions
9  * are met:
10  * 1. Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright
11  *    notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
12  * 2. Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above copyright
13  *    notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer in the
14  *    documentation and/or other materials provided with the distribution.
15  * 3. Neither the name of the University nor the names of its contributors
16  *    may be used to endorse or promote products derived from this software
17  *    without specific prior written permission.
18  *
19  * THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE REGENTS AND CONTRIBUTORS ``AS IS'' AND
20  * ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, THE
21  * IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE
22  * ARE DISCLAIMED.  IN NO EVENT SHALL THE REGENTS OR CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE
23  * FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL, SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL
24  * DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS
25  * OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE, DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION)
26  * HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT
27  * LIABILITY, OR TORT (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY
28  * OUT OF THE USE OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF
29  * SUCH DAMAGE.
30  *
31  *	@(#)tcp_output.c	8.4 (Berkeley) 5/24/95
32  */
33 
34 #include <sys/cdefs.h>
35 __FBSDID("$FreeBSD$");
36 
37 #include "opt_inet.h"
38 #include "opt_inet6.h"
39 #include "opt_ipsec.h"
40 #include "opt_tcpdebug.h"
41 
42 #include <sys/param.h>
43 #include <sys/systm.h>
44 #include <sys/domain.h>
45 #ifdef TCP_HHOOK
46 #include <sys/hhook.h>
47 #endif
48 #include <sys/kernel.h>
49 #include <sys/lock.h>
50 #include <sys/mbuf.h>
51 #include <sys/mutex.h>
52 #include <sys/protosw.h>
53 #include <sys/sdt.h>
54 #include <sys/socket.h>
55 #include <sys/socketvar.h>
56 #include <sys/sysctl.h>
57 
58 #include <net/if.h>
59 #include <net/route.h>
60 #include <net/vnet.h>
61 
62 #include <netinet/in.h>
63 #include <netinet/in_kdtrace.h>
64 #include <netinet/in_systm.h>
65 #include <netinet/ip.h>
66 #include <netinet/in_pcb.h>
67 #include <netinet/ip_var.h>
68 #include <netinet/ip_options.h>
69 #ifdef INET6
70 #include <netinet6/in6_pcb.h>
71 #include <netinet/ip6.h>
72 #include <netinet6/ip6_var.h>
73 #endif
74 #include <netinet/tcp.h>
75 #include <netinet/tcp_fsm.h>
76 #include <netinet/tcp_log_buf.h>
77 #include <netinet/tcp_seq.h>
78 #include <netinet/tcp_timer.h>
79 #include <netinet/tcp_var.h>
80 #include <netinet/tcpip.h>
81 #include <netinet/cc/cc.h>
82 #include <netinet/tcp_fastopen.h>
83 #ifdef TCPPCAP
84 #include <netinet/tcp_pcap.h>
85 #endif
86 #ifdef TCPDEBUG
87 #include <netinet/tcp_debug.h>
88 #endif
89 #ifdef TCP_OFFLOAD
90 #include <netinet/tcp_offload.h>
91 #endif
92 
93 #include <netipsec/ipsec_support.h>
94 
95 #include <machine/in_cksum.h>
96 
97 #include <security/mac/mac_framework.h>
98 
99 VNET_DEFINE(int, path_mtu_discovery) = 1;
100 SYSCTL_INT(_net_inet_tcp, OID_AUTO, path_mtu_discovery, CTLFLAG_VNET | CTLFLAG_RW,
101 	&VNET_NAME(path_mtu_discovery), 1,
102 	"Enable Path MTU Discovery");
103 
104 VNET_DEFINE(int, tcp_do_tso) = 1;
105 SYSCTL_INT(_net_inet_tcp, OID_AUTO, tso, CTLFLAG_VNET | CTLFLAG_RW,
106 	&VNET_NAME(tcp_do_tso), 0,
107 	"Enable TCP Segmentation Offload");
108 
109 VNET_DEFINE(int, tcp_sendspace) = 1024*32;
110 #define	V_tcp_sendspace	VNET(tcp_sendspace)
111 SYSCTL_INT(_net_inet_tcp, TCPCTL_SENDSPACE, sendspace, CTLFLAG_VNET | CTLFLAG_RW,
112 	&VNET_NAME(tcp_sendspace), 0, "Initial send socket buffer size");
113 
114 VNET_DEFINE(int, tcp_do_autosndbuf) = 1;
115 SYSCTL_INT(_net_inet_tcp, OID_AUTO, sendbuf_auto, CTLFLAG_VNET | CTLFLAG_RW,
116 	&VNET_NAME(tcp_do_autosndbuf), 0,
117 	"Enable automatic send buffer sizing");
118 
119 VNET_DEFINE(int, tcp_autosndbuf_inc) = 8*1024;
120 SYSCTL_INT(_net_inet_tcp, OID_AUTO, sendbuf_inc, CTLFLAG_VNET | CTLFLAG_RW,
121 	&VNET_NAME(tcp_autosndbuf_inc), 0,
122 	"Incrementor step size of automatic send buffer");
123 
124 VNET_DEFINE(int, tcp_autosndbuf_max) = 2*1024*1024;
125 SYSCTL_INT(_net_inet_tcp, OID_AUTO, sendbuf_max, CTLFLAG_VNET | CTLFLAG_RW,
126 	&VNET_NAME(tcp_autosndbuf_max), 0,
127 	"Max size of automatic send buffer");
128 
129 VNET_DEFINE(int, tcp_sendbuf_auto_lowat) = 0;
130 #define	V_tcp_sendbuf_auto_lowat	VNET(tcp_sendbuf_auto_lowat)
131 SYSCTL_INT(_net_inet_tcp, OID_AUTO, sendbuf_auto_lowat, CTLFLAG_VNET | CTLFLAG_RW,
132 	&VNET_NAME(tcp_sendbuf_auto_lowat), 0,
133 	"Modify threshold for auto send buffer growth to account for SO_SNDLOWAT");
134 
135 /*
136  * Make sure that either retransmit or persist timer is set for SYN, FIN and
137  * non-ACK.
138  */
139 #define TCP_XMIT_TIMER_ASSERT(tp, len, th_flags)			\
140 	KASSERT(((len) == 0 && ((th_flags) & (TH_SYN | TH_FIN)) == 0) ||\
141 	    tcp_timer_active((tp), TT_REXMT) ||				\
142 	    tcp_timer_active((tp), TT_PERSIST),				\
143 	    ("neither rexmt nor persist timer is set"))
144 
145 static void inline	cc_after_idle(struct tcpcb *tp);
146 
147 #ifdef TCP_HHOOK
148 /*
149  * Wrapper for the TCP established output helper hook.
150  */
151 void
152 hhook_run_tcp_est_out(struct tcpcb *tp, struct tcphdr *th,
153     struct tcpopt *to, uint32_t len, int tso)
154 {
155 	struct tcp_hhook_data hhook_data;
156 
157 	if (V_tcp_hhh[HHOOK_TCP_EST_OUT]->hhh_nhooks > 0) {
158 		hhook_data.tp = tp;
159 		hhook_data.th = th;
160 		hhook_data.to = to;
161 		hhook_data.len = len;
162 		hhook_data.tso = tso;
163 
164 		hhook_run_hooks(V_tcp_hhh[HHOOK_TCP_EST_OUT], &hhook_data,
165 		    tp->osd);
166 	}
167 }
168 #endif
169 
170 /*
171  * Flags used when sending segments in tcp_output.  Basic flags (TH_RST,
172  * TH_ACK,TH_SYN,TH_FIN) are totally determined by state, with the proviso
173  * that TH_FIN is sent only if all data queued for output is included in the
174  * segment.
175  */
176 u_char	tcp_outflags[TCP_NSTATES] = {
177 	TH_RST|TH_ACK,		/* 0, CLOSED */
178 	0,			/* 1, LISTEN */
179 	TH_SYN,			/* 2, SYN_SENT */
180 	TH_SYN|TH_ACK,		/* 3, SYN_RECEIVED */
181 	TH_ACK,			/* 4, ESTABLISHED */
182 	TH_ACK,			/* 5, CLOSE_WAIT */
183 	TH_FIN|TH_ACK,		/* 6, FIN_WAIT_1 */
184 	TH_FIN|TH_ACK,		/* 7, CLOSING */
185 	TH_FIN|TH_ACK,		/* 8, LAST_ACK */
186 	TH_ACK,			/* 9, FIN_WAIT_2 */
187 	TH_ACK,			/* 10, TIME_WAIT */
188 };
189 
190 /*
191  * CC wrapper hook functions
192  */
193 static void inline
194 cc_after_idle(struct tcpcb *tp)
195 {
196 	INP_WLOCK_ASSERT(tp->t_inpcb);
197 
198 	if (CC_ALGO(tp)->after_idle != NULL)
199 		CC_ALGO(tp)->after_idle(tp->ccv);
200 }
201 
202 /*
203  * Tcp output routine: figure out what should be sent and send it.
204  */
205 int
206 tcp_output(struct tcpcb *tp)
207 {
208 	struct socket *so = tp->t_inpcb->inp_socket;
209 	int32_t len;
210 	uint32_t recwin, sendwin;
211 	int off, flags, error = 0;	/* Keep compiler happy */
212 	struct mbuf *m;
213 	struct ip *ip = NULL;
214 #ifdef TCPDEBUG
215 	struct ipovly *ipov = NULL;
216 #endif
217 	struct tcphdr *th;
218 	u_char opt[TCP_MAXOLEN];
219 	unsigned ipoptlen, optlen, hdrlen;
220 #if defined(IPSEC) || defined(IPSEC_SUPPORT)
221 	unsigned ipsec_optlen = 0;
222 #endif
223 	int idle, sendalot, curticks;
224 	int sack_rxmit, sack_bytes_rxmt;
225 	struct sackhole *p;
226 	int tso, mtu;
227 	struct tcpopt to;
228 	unsigned int wanted_cookie = 0;
229 	unsigned int dont_sendalot = 0;
230 #if 0
231 	int maxburst = TCP_MAXBURST;
232 #endif
233 #ifdef INET6
234 	struct ip6_hdr *ip6 = NULL;
235 	int isipv6;
236 
237 	isipv6 = (tp->t_inpcb->inp_vflag & INP_IPV6) != 0;
238 #endif
239 
240 	INP_WLOCK_ASSERT(tp->t_inpcb);
241 
242 #ifdef TCP_OFFLOAD
243 	if (tp->t_flags & TF_TOE)
244 		return (tcp_offload_output(tp));
245 #endif
246 
247 	/*
248 	 * For TFO connections in SYN_RECEIVED, only allow the initial
249 	 * SYN|ACK and those sent by the retransmit timer.
250 	 */
251 	if (IS_FASTOPEN(tp->t_flags) &&
252 	    (tp->t_state == TCPS_SYN_RECEIVED) &&
253 	    SEQ_GT(tp->snd_max, tp->snd_una) &&    /* initial SYN|ACK sent */
254 	    (tp->snd_nxt != tp->snd_una))         /* not a retransmit */
255 		return (0);
256 
257 	/*
258 	 * Determine length of data that should be transmitted,
259 	 * and flags that will be used.
260 	 * If there is some data or critical controls (SYN, RST)
261 	 * to send, then transmit; otherwise, investigate further.
262 	 */
263 	idle = (tp->t_flags & TF_LASTIDLE) || (tp->snd_max == tp->snd_una);
264 	if (idle && ticks - tp->t_rcvtime >= tp->t_rxtcur)
265 		cc_after_idle(tp);
266 	tp->t_flags &= ~TF_LASTIDLE;
267 	if (idle) {
268 		if (tp->t_flags & TF_MORETOCOME) {
269 			tp->t_flags |= TF_LASTIDLE;
270 			idle = 0;
271 		}
272 	}
273 again:
274 	/*
275 	 * If we've recently taken a timeout, snd_max will be greater than
276 	 * snd_nxt.  There may be SACK information that allows us to avoid
277 	 * resending already delivered data.  Adjust snd_nxt accordingly.
278 	 */
279 	if ((tp->t_flags & TF_SACK_PERMIT) &&
280 	    SEQ_LT(tp->snd_nxt, tp->snd_max))
281 		tcp_sack_adjust(tp);
282 	sendalot = 0;
283 	tso = 0;
284 	mtu = 0;
285 	off = tp->snd_nxt - tp->snd_una;
286 	sendwin = min(tp->snd_wnd, tp->snd_cwnd);
287 
288 	flags = tcp_outflags[tp->t_state];
289 	/*
290 	 * Send any SACK-generated retransmissions.  If we're explicitly trying
291 	 * to send out new data (when sendalot is 1), bypass this function.
292 	 * If we retransmit in fast recovery mode, decrement snd_cwnd, since
293 	 * we're replacing a (future) new transmission with a retransmission
294 	 * now, and we previously incremented snd_cwnd in tcp_input().
295 	 */
296 	/*
297 	 * Still in sack recovery , reset rxmit flag to zero.
298 	 */
299 	sack_rxmit = 0;
300 	sack_bytes_rxmt = 0;
301 	len = 0;
302 	p = NULL;
303 	if ((tp->t_flags & TF_SACK_PERMIT) && IN_FASTRECOVERY(tp->t_flags) &&
304 	    (p = tcp_sack_output(tp, &sack_bytes_rxmt))) {
305 		uint32_t cwin;
306 
307 		cwin =
308 		    imax(min(tp->snd_wnd, tp->snd_cwnd) - sack_bytes_rxmt, 0);
309 		/* Do not retransmit SACK segments beyond snd_recover */
310 		if (SEQ_GT(p->end, tp->snd_recover)) {
311 			/*
312 			 * (At least) part of sack hole extends beyond
313 			 * snd_recover. Check to see if we can rexmit data
314 			 * for this hole.
315 			 */
316 			if (SEQ_GEQ(p->rxmit, tp->snd_recover)) {
317 				/*
318 				 * Can't rexmit any more data for this hole.
319 				 * That data will be rexmitted in the next
320 				 * sack recovery episode, when snd_recover
321 				 * moves past p->rxmit.
322 				 */
323 				p = NULL;
324 				goto after_sack_rexmit;
325 			} else
326 				/* Can rexmit part of the current hole */
327 				len = ((int32_t)ulmin(cwin,
328 						   tp->snd_recover - p->rxmit));
329 		} else
330 			len = ((int32_t)ulmin(cwin, p->end - p->rxmit));
331 		off = p->rxmit - tp->snd_una;
332 		KASSERT(off >= 0,("%s: sack block to the left of una : %d",
333 		    __func__, off));
334 		if (len > 0) {
335 			sack_rxmit = 1;
336 			sendalot = 1;
337 			TCPSTAT_INC(tcps_sack_rexmits);
338 			TCPSTAT_ADD(tcps_sack_rexmit_bytes,
339 			    min(len, tp->t_maxseg));
340 		}
341 	}
342 after_sack_rexmit:
343 	/*
344 	 * Get standard flags, and add SYN or FIN if requested by 'hidden'
345 	 * state flags.
346 	 */
347 	if (tp->t_flags & TF_NEEDFIN)
348 		flags |= TH_FIN;
349 	if (tp->t_flags & TF_NEEDSYN)
350 		flags |= TH_SYN;
351 
352 	SOCKBUF_LOCK(&so->so_snd);
353 	/*
354 	 * If in persist timeout with window of 0, send 1 byte.
355 	 * Otherwise, if window is small but nonzero
356 	 * and timer expired, we will send what we can
357 	 * and go to transmit state.
358 	 */
359 	if (tp->t_flags & TF_FORCEDATA) {
360 		if (sendwin == 0) {
361 			/*
362 			 * If we still have some data to send, then
363 			 * clear the FIN bit.  Usually this would
364 			 * happen below when it realizes that we
365 			 * aren't sending all the data.  However,
366 			 * if we have exactly 1 byte of unsent data,
367 			 * then it won't clear the FIN bit below,
368 			 * and if we are in persist state, we wind
369 			 * up sending the packet without recording
370 			 * that we sent the FIN bit.
371 			 *
372 			 * We can't just blindly clear the FIN bit,
373 			 * because if we don't have any more data
374 			 * to send then the probe will be the FIN
375 			 * itself.
376 			 */
377 			if (off < sbused(&so->so_snd))
378 				flags &= ~TH_FIN;
379 			sendwin = 1;
380 		} else {
381 			tcp_timer_activate(tp, TT_PERSIST, 0);
382 			tp->t_rxtshift = 0;
383 		}
384 	}
385 
386 	/*
387 	 * If snd_nxt == snd_max and we have transmitted a FIN, the
388 	 * offset will be > 0 even if so_snd.sb_cc is 0, resulting in
389 	 * a negative length.  This can also occur when TCP opens up
390 	 * its congestion window while receiving additional duplicate
391 	 * acks after fast-retransmit because TCP will reset snd_nxt
392 	 * to snd_max after the fast-retransmit.
393 	 *
394 	 * In the normal retransmit-FIN-only case, however, snd_nxt will
395 	 * be set to snd_una, the offset will be 0, and the length may
396 	 * wind up 0.
397 	 *
398 	 * If sack_rxmit is true we are retransmitting from the scoreboard
399 	 * in which case len is already set.
400 	 */
401 	if (sack_rxmit == 0) {
402 		if (sack_bytes_rxmt == 0)
403 			len = ((int32_t)min(sbavail(&so->so_snd), sendwin) -
404 			    off);
405 		else {
406 			int32_t cwin;
407 
408                         /*
409 			 * We are inside of a SACK recovery episode and are
410 			 * sending new data, having retransmitted all the
411 			 * data possible in the scoreboard.
412 			 */
413 			len = ((int32_t)min(sbavail(&so->so_snd), tp->snd_wnd) -
414 			    off);
415 			/*
416 			 * Don't remove this (len > 0) check !
417 			 * We explicitly check for len > 0 here (although it
418 			 * isn't really necessary), to work around a gcc
419 			 * optimization issue - to force gcc to compute
420 			 * len above. Without this check, the computation
421 			 * of len is bungled by the optimizer.
422 			 */
423 			if (len > 0) {
424 				cwin = tp->snd_cwnd -
425 					(tp->snd_nxt - tp->sack_newdata) -
426 					sack_bytes_rxmt;
427 				if (cwin < 0)
428 					cwin = 0;
429 				len = imin(len, cwin);
430 			}
431 		}
432 	}
433 
434 	/*
435 	 * Lop off SYN bit if it has already been sent.  However, if this
436 	 * is SYN-SENT state and if segment contains data and if we don't
437 	 * know that foreign host supports TAO, suppress sending segment.
438 	 */
439 	if ((flags & TH_SYN) && SEQ_GT(tp->snd_nxt, tp->snd_una)) {
440 		if (tp->t_state != TCPS_SYN_RECEIVED)
441 			flags &= ~TH_SYN;
442 		/*
443 		 * When sending additional segments following a TFO SYN|ACK,
444 		 * do not include the SYN bit.
445 		 */
446 		if (IS_FASTOPEN(tp->t_flags) &&
447 		    (tp->t_state == TCPS_SYN_RECEIVED))
448 			flags &= ~TH_SYN;
449 		off--, len++;
450 	}
451 
452 	/*
453 	 * Be careful not to send data and/or FIN on SYN segments.
454 	 * This measure is needed to prevent interoperability problems
455 	 * with not fully conformant TCP implementations.
456 	 */
457 	if ((flags & TH_SYN) && (tp->t_flags & TF_NOOPT)) {
458 		len = 0;
459 		flags &= ~TH_FIN;
460 	}
461 
462 	/*
463 	 * On TFO sockets, ensure no data is sent in the following cases:
464 	 *
465 	 *  - When retransmitting SYN|ACK on a passively-created socket
466 	 *
467 	 *  - When retransmitting SYN on an actively created socket
468 	 *
469 	 *  - When sending a zero-length cookie (cookie request) on an
470 	 *    actively created socket
471 	 *
472 	 *  - When the socket is in the CLOSED state (RST is being sent)
473 	 */
474 	if (IS_FASTOPEN(tp->t_flags) &&
475 	    (((flags & TH_SYN) && (tp->t_rxtshift > 0)) ||
476 	     ((tp->t_state == TCPS_SYN_SENT) &&
477 	      (tp->t_tfo_client_cookie_len == 0)) ||
478 	     (flags & TH_RST)))
479 		len = 0;
480 	if (len <= 0) {
481 		/*
482 		 * If FIN has been sent but not acked,
483 		 * but we haven't been called to retransmit,
484 		 * len will be < 0.  Otherwise, window shrank
485 		 * after we sent into it.  If window shrank to 0,
486 		 * cancel pending retransmit, pull snd_nxt back
487 		 * to (closed) window, and set the persist timer
488 		 * if it isn't already going.  If the window didn't
489 		 * close completely, just wait for an ACK.
490 		 *
491 		 * We also do a general check here to ensure that
492 		 * we will set the persist timer when we have data
493 		 * to send, but a 0-byte window. This makes sure
494 		 * the persist timer is set even if the packet
495 		 * hits one of the "goto send" lines below.
496 		 */
497 		len = 0;
498 		if ((sendwin == 0) && (TCPS_HAVEESTABLISHED(tp->t_state)) &&
499 			(off < (int) sbavail(&so->so_snd))) {
500 			tcp_timer_activate(tp, TT_REXMT, 0);
501 			tp->t_rxtshift = 0;
502 			tp->snd_nxt = tp->snd_una;
503 			if (!tcp_timer_active(tp, TT_PERSIST))
504 				tcp_setpersist(tp);
505 		}
506 	}
507 
508 	/* len will be >= 0 after this point. */
509 	KASSERT(len >= 0, ("[%s:%d]: len < 0", __func__, __LINE__));
510 
511 	tcp_sndbuf_autoscale(tp, so, sendwin);
512 
513 	/*
514 	 * Decide if we can use TCP Segmentation Offloading (if supported by
515 	 * hardware).
516 	 *
517 	 * TSO may only be used if we are in a pure bulk sending state.  The
518 	 * presence of TCP-MD5, SACK retransmits, SACK advertizements and
519 	 * IP options prevent using TSO.  With TSO the TCP header is the same
520 	 * (except for the sequence number) for all generated packets.  This
521 	 * makes it impossible to transmit any options which vary per generated
522 	 * segment or packet.
523 	 *
524 	 * IPv4 handling has a clear separation of ip options and ip header
525 	 * flags while IPv6 combines both in in6p_outputopts. ip6_optlen() does
526 	 * the right thing below to provide length of just ip options and thus
527 	 * checking for ipoptlen is enough to decide if ip options are present.
528 	 */
529 #if defined(IPSEC) || defined(IPSEC_SUPPORT)
530 	/*
531 	 * Pre-calculate here as we save another lookup into the darknesses
532 	 * of IPsec that way and can actually decide if TSO is ok.
533 	 */
534 #ifdef INET6
535 	if (isipv6 && IPSEC_ENABLED(ipv6))
536 		ipsec_optlen = IPSEC_HDRSIZE(ipv6, tp->t_inpcb);
537 #ifdef INET
538 	else
539 #endif
540 #endif /* INET6 */
541 #ifdef INET
542 	if (IPSEC_ENABLED(ipv4))
543 		ipsec_optlen = IPSEC_HDRSIZE(ipv4, tp->t_inpcb);
544 #endif /* INET */
545 #endif /* IPSEC */
546 #ifdef INET6
547 	if (isipv6)
548 		ipoptlen = ip6_optlen(tp->t_inpcb);
549 	else
550 #endif
551 	if (tp->t_inpcb->inp_options)
552 		ipoptlen = tp->t_inpcb->inp_options->m_len -
553 				offsetof(struct ipoption, ipopt_list);
554 	else
555 		ipoptlen = 0;
556 #if defined(IPSEC) || defined(IPSEC_SUPPORT)
557 	ipoptlen += ipsec_optlen;
558 #endif
559 
560 	if ((tp->t_flags & TF_TSO) && V_tcp_do_tso && len > tp->t_maxseg &&
561 	    ((tp->t_flags & TF_SIGNATURE) == 0) &&
562 	    tp->rcv_numsacks == 0 && sack_rxmit == 0 &&
563 	    ipoptlen == 0 && !(flags & TH_SYN))
564 		tso = 1;
565 
566 	if (sack_rxmit) {
567 		if (SEQ_LT(p->rxmit + len, tp->snd_una + sbused(&so->so_snd)))
568 			flags &= ~TH_FIN;
569 	} else {
570 		if (SEQ_LT(tp->snd_nxt + len, tp->snd_una +
571 		    sbused(&so->so_snd)))
572 			flags &= ~TH_FIN;
573 	}
574 
575 	recwin = lmin(lmax(sbspace(&so->so_rcv), 0),
576 	    (long)TCP_MAXWIN << tp->rcv_scale);
577 
578 	/*
579 	 * Sender silly window avoidance.   We transmit under the following
580 	 * conditions when len is non-zero:
581 	 *
582 	 *	- We have a full segment (or more with TSO)
583 	 *	- This is the last buffer in a write()/send() and we are
584 	 *	  either idle or running NODELAY
585 	 *	- we've timed out (e.g. persist timer)
586 	 *	- we have more then 1/2 the maximum send window's worth of
587 	 *	  data (receiver may be limited the window size)
588 	 *	- we need to retransmit
589 	 */
590 	if (len) {
591 		if (len >= tp->t_maxseg)
592 			goto send;
593 		/*
594 		 * NOTE! on localhost connections an 'ack' from the remote
595 		 * end may occur synchronously with the output and cause
596 		 * us to flush a buffer queued with moretocome.  XXX
597 		 *
598 		 * note: the len + off check is almost certainly unnecessary.
599 		 */
600 		if (!(tp->t_flags & TF_MORETOCOME) &&	/* normal case */
601 		    (idle || (tp->t_flags & TF_NODELAY)) &&
602 		    (uint32_t)len + (uint32_t)off >= sbavail(&so->so_snd) &&
603 		    (tp->t_flags & TF_NOPUSH) == 0) {
604 			goto send;
605 		}
606 		if (tp->t_flags & TF_FORCEDATA)		/* typ. timeout case */
607 			goto send;
608 		if (len >= tp->max_sndwnd / 2 && tp->max_sndwnd > 0)
609 			goto send;
610 		if (SEQ_LT(tp->snd_nxt, tp->snd_max))	/* retransmit case */
611 			goto send;
612 		if (sack_rxmit)
613 			goto send;
614 	}
615 
616 	/*
617 	 * Sending of standalone window updates.
618 	 *
619 	 * Window updates are important when we close our window due to a
620 	 * full socket buffer and are opening it again after the application
621 	 * reads data from it.  Once the window has opened again and the
622 	 * remote end starts to send again the ACK clock takes over and
623 	 * provides the most current window information.
624 	 *
625 	 * We must avoid the silly window syndrome whereas every read
626 	 * from the receive buffer, no matter how small, causes a window
627 	 * update to be sent.  We also should avoid sending a flurry of
628 	 * window updates when the socket buffer had queued a lot of data
629 	 * and the application is doing small reads.
630 	 *
631 	 * Prevent a flurry of pointless window updates by only sending
632 	 * an update when we can increase the advertized window by more
633 	 * than 1/4th of the socket buffer capacity.  When the buffer is
634 	 * getting full or is very small be more aggressive and send an
635 	 * update whenever we can increase by two mss sized segments.
636 	 * In all other situations the ACK's to new incoming data will
637 	 * carry further window increases.
638 	 *
639 	 * Don't send an independent window update if a delayed
640 	 * ACK is pending (it will get piggy-backed on it) or the
641 	 * remote side already has done a half-close and won't send
642 	 * more data.  Skip this if the connection is in T/TCP
643 	 * half-open state.
644 	 */
645 	if (recwin > 0 && !(tp->t_flags & TF_NEEDSYN) &&
646 	    !(tp->t_flags & TF_DELACK) &&
647 	    !TCPS_HAVERCVDFIN(tp->t_state)) {
648 		/*
649 		 * "adv" is the amount we could increase the window,
650 		 * taking into account that we are limited by
651 		 * TCP_MAXWIN << tp->rcv_scale.
652 		 */
653 		int32_t adv;
654 		int oldwin;
655 
656 		adv = recwin;
657 		if (SEQ_GT(tp->rcv_adv, tp->rcv_nxt)) {
658 			oldwin = (tp->rcv_adv - tp->rcv_nxt);
659 			adv -= oldwin;
660 		} else
661 			oldwin = 0;
662 
663 		/*
664 		 * If the new window size ends up being the same as or less
665 		 * than the old size when it is scaled, then don't force
666 		 * a window update.
667 		 */
668 		if (oldwin >> tp->rcv_scale >= (adv + oldwin) >> tp->rcv_scale)
669 			goto dontupdate;
670 
671 		if (adv >= (int32_t)(2 * tp->t_maxseg) &&
672 		    (adv >= (int32_t)(so->so_rcv.sb_hiwat / 4) ||
673 		     recwin <= (so->so_rcv.sb_hiwat / 8) ||
674 		     so->so_rcv.sb_hiwat <= 8 * tp->t_maxseg))
675 			goto send;
676 		if (2 * adv >= (int32_t)so->so_rcv.sb_hiwat)
677 			goto send;
678 	}
679 dontupdate:
680 
681 	/*
682 	 * Send if we owe the peer an ACK, RST, SYN, or urgent data.  ACKNOW
683 	 * is also a catch-all for the retransmit timer timeout case.
684 	 */
685 	if (tp->t_flags & TF_ACKNOW)
686 		goto send;
687 	if ((flags & TH_RST) ||
688 	    ((flags & TH_SYN) && (tp->t_flags & TF_NEEDSYN) == 0))
689 		goto send;
690 	if (SEQ_GT(tp->snd_up, tp->snd_una))
691 		goto send;
692 	/*
693 	 * If our state indicates that FIN should be sent
694 	 * and we have not yet done so, then we need to send.
695 	 */
696 	if (flags & TH_FIN &&
697 	    ((tp->t_flags & TF_SENTFIN) == 0 || tp->snd_nxt == tp->snd_una))
698 		goto send;
699 	/*
700 	 * In SACK, it is possible for tcp_output to fail to send a segment
701 	 * after the retransmission timer has been turned off.  Make sure
702 	 * that the retransmission timer is set.
703 	 */
704 	if ((tp->t_flags & TF_SACK_PERMIT) &&
705 	    SEQ_GT(tp->snd_max, tp->snd_una) &&
706 	    !tcp_timer_active(tp, TT_REXMT) &&
707 	    !tcp_timer_active(tp, TT_PERSIST)) {
708 		tcp_timer_activate(tp, TT_REXMT, tp->t_rxtcur);
709 		goto just_return;
710 	}
711 	/*
712 	 * TCP window updates are not reliable, rather a polling protocol
713 	 * using ``persist'' packets is used to insure receipt of window
714 	 * updates.  The three ``states'' for the output side are:
715 	 *	idle			not doing retransmits or persists
716 	 *	persisting		to move a small or zero window
717 	 *	(re)transmitting	and thereby not persisting
718 	 *
719 	 * tcp_timer_active(tp, TT_PERSIST)
720 	 *	is true when we are in persist state.
721 	 * (tp->t_flags & TF_FORCEDATA)
722 	 *	is set when we are called to send a persist packet.
723 	 * tcp_timer_active(tp, TT_REXMT)
724 	 *	is set when we are retransmitting
725 	 * The output side is idle when both timers are zero.
726 	 *
727 	 * If send window is too small, there is data to transmit, and no
728 	 * retransmit or persist is pending, then go to persist state.
729 	 * If nothing happens soon, send when timer expires:
730 	 * if window is nonzero, transmit what we can,
731 	 * otherwise force out a byte.
732 	 */
733 	if (sbavail(&so->so_snd) && !tcp_timer_active(tp, TT_REXMT) &&
734 	    !tcp_timer_active(tp, TT_PERSIST)) {
735 		tp->t_rxtshift = 0;
736 		tcp_setpersist(tp);
737 	}
738 
739 	/*
740 	 * No reason to send a segment, just return.
741 	 */
742 just_return:
743 	SOCKBUF_UNLOCK(&so->so_snd);
744 	return (0);
745 
746 send:
747 	SOCKBUF_LOCK_ASSERT(&so->so_snd);
748 	if (len > 0) {
749 		if (len >= tp->t_maxseg)
750 			tp->t_flags2 |= TF2_PLPMTU_MAXSEGSNT;
751 		else
752 			tp->t_flags2 &= ~TF2_PLPMTU_MAXSEGSNT;
753 	}
754 	/*
755 	 * Before ESTABLISHED, force sending of initial options
756 	 * unless TCP set not to do any options.
757 	 * NOTE: we assume that the IP/TCP header plus TCP options
758 	 * always fit in a single mbuf, leaving room for a maximum
759 	 * link header, i.e.
760 	 *	max_linkhdr + sizeof (struct tcpiphdr) + optlen <= MCLBYTES
761 	 */
762 	optlen = 0;
763 #ifdef INET6
764 	if (isipv6)
765 		hdrlen = sizeof (struct ip6_hdr) + sizeof (struct tcphdr);
766 	else
767 #endif
768 		hdrlen = sizeof (struct tcpiphdr);
769 
770 	/*
771 	 * Compute options for segment.
772 	 * We only have to care about SYN and established connection
773 	 * segments.  Options for SYN-ACK segments are handled in TCP
774 	 * syncache.
775 	 */
776 	to.to_flags = 0;
777 	if ((tp->t_flags & TF_NOOPT) == 0) {
778 		/* Maximum segment size. */
779 		if (flags & TH_SYN) {
780 			tp->snd_nxt = tp->iss;
781 			to.to_mss = tcp_mssopt(&tp->t_inpcb->inp_inc);
782 			to.to_flags |= TOF_MSS;
783 
784 			/*
785 			 * On SYN or SYN|ACK transmits on TFO connections,
786 			 * only include the TFO option if it is not a
787 			 * retransmit, as the presence of the TFO option may
788 			 * have caused the original SYN or SYN|ACK to have
789 			 * been dropped by a middlebox.
790 			 */
791 			if (IS_FASTOPEN(tp->t_flags) &&
792 			    (tp->t_rxtshift == 0)) {
793 				if (tp->t_state == TCPS_SYN_RECEIVED) {
794 					to.to_tfo_len = TCP_FASTOPEN_COOKIE_LEN;
795 					to.to_tfo_cookie =
796 					    (u_int8_t *)&tp->t_tfo_cookie.server;
797 					to.to_flags |= TOF_FASTOPEN;
798 					wanted_cookie = 1;
799 				} else if (tp->t_state == TCPS_SYN_SENT) {
800 					to.to_tfo_len =
801 					    tp->t_tfo_client_cookie_len;
802 					to.to_tfo_cookie =
803 					    tp->t_tfo_cookie.client;
804 					to.to_flags |= TOF_FASTOPEN;
805 					wanted_cookie = 1;
806 					/*
807 					 * If we wind up having more data to
808 					 * send with the SYN than can fit in
809 					 * one segment, don't send any more
810 					 * until the SYN|ACK comes back from
811 					 * the other end.
812 					 */
813 					dont_sendalot = 1;
814 				}
815 			}
816 		}
817 		/* Window scaling. */
818 		if ((flags & TH_SYN) && (tp->t_flags & TF_REQ_SCALE)) {
819 			to.to_wscale = tp->request_r_scale;
820 			to.to_flags |= TOF_SCALE;
821 		}
822 		/* Timestamps. */
823 		if ((tp->t_flags & TF_RCVD_TSTMP) ||
824 		    ((flags & TH_SYN) && (tp->t_flags & TF_REQ_TSTMP))) {
825 			curticks = tcp_ts_getticks();
826 			to.to_tsval = curticks + tp->ts_offset;
827 			to.to_tsecr = tp->ts_recent;
828 			to.to_flags |= TOF_TS;
829 			if (tp->t_rxtshift == 1)
830 				tp->t_badrxtwin = curticks;
831 		}
832 
833 		/* Set receive buffer autosizing timestamp. */
834 		if (tp->rfbuf_ts == 0 &&
835 		    (so->so_rcv.sb_flags & SB_AUTOSIZE))
836 			tp->rfbuf_ts = tcp_ts_getticks();
837 
838 		/* Selective ACK's. */
839 		if (tp->t_flags & TF_SACK_PERMIT) {
840 			if (flags & TH_SYN)
841 				to.to_flags |= TOF_SACKPERM;
842 			else if (TCPS_HAVEESTABLISHED(tp->t_state) &&
843 			    (tp->t_flags & TF_SACK_PERMIT) &&
844 			    tp->rcv_numsacks > 0) {
845 				to.to_flags |= TOF_SACK;
846 				to.to_nsacks = tp->rcv_numsacks;
847 				to.to_sacks = (u_char *)tp->sackblks;
848 			}
849 		}
850 #if defined(IPSEC_SUPPORT) || defined(TCP_SIGNATURE)
851 		/* TCP-MD5 (RFC2385). */
852 		/*
853 		 * Check that TCP_MD5SIG is enabled in tcpcb to
854 		 * account the size needed to set this TCP option.
855 		 */
856 		if (tp->t_flags & TF_SIGNATURE)
857 			to.to_flags |= TOF_SIGNATURE;
858 #endif /* TCP_SIGNATURE */
859 
860 		/* Processing the options. */
861 		hdrlen += optlen = tcp_addoptions(&to, opt);
862 		/*
863 		 * If we wanted a TFO option to be added, but it was unable
864 		 * to fit, ensure no data is sent.
865 		 */
866 		if (IS_FASTOPEN(tp->t_flags) && wanted_cookie &&
867 		    !(to.to_flags & TOF_FASTOPEN))
868 			len = 0;
869 	}
870 
871 	/*
872 	 * Adjust data length if insertion of options will
873 	 * bump the packet length beyond the t_maxseg length.
874 	 * Clear the FIN bit because we cut off the tail of
875 	 * the segment.
876 	 */
877 	if (len + optlen + ipoptlen > tp->t_maxseg) {
878 		flags &= ~TH_FIN;
879 
880 		if (tso) {
881 			u_int if_hw_tsomax;
882 			u_int if_hw_tsomaxsegcount;
883 			u_int if_hw_tsomaxsegsize;
884 			struct mbuf *mb;
885 			u_int moff;
886 			int max_len;
887 
888 			/* extract TSO information */
889 			if_hw_tsomax = tp->t_tsomax;
890 			if_hw_tsomaxsegcount = tp->t_tsomaxsegcount;
891 			if_hw_tsomaxsegsize = tp->t_tsomaxsegsize;
892 
893 			/*
894 			 * Limit a TSO burst to prevent it from
895 			 * overflowing or exceeding the maximum length
896 			 * allowed by the network interface:
897 			 */
898 			KASSERT(ipoptlen == 0,
899 			    ("%s: TSO can't do IP options", __func__));
900 
901 			/*
902 			 * Check if we should limit by maximum payload
903 			 * length:
904 			 */
905 			if (if_hw_tsomax != 0) {
906 				/* compute maximum TSO length */
907 				max_len = (if_hw_tsomax - hdrlen -
908 				    max_linkhdr);
909 				if (max_len <= 0) {
910 					len = 0;
911 				} else if (len > max_len) {
912 					sendalot = 1;
913 					len = max_len;
914 				}
915 			}
916 
917 			/*
918 			 * Check if we should limit by maximum segment
919 			 * size and count:
920 			 */
921 			if (if_hw_tsomaxsegcount != 0 &&
922 			    if_hw_tsomaxsegsize != 0) {
923 				/*
924 				 * Subtract one segment for the LINK
925 				 * and TCP/IP headers mbuf that will
926 				 * be prepended to this mbuf chain
927 				 * after the code in this section
928 				 * limits the number of mbufs in the
929 				 * chain to if_hw_tsomaxsegcount.
930 				 */
931 				if_hw_tsomaxsegcount -= 1;
932 				max_len = 0;
933 				mb = sbsndmbuf(&so->so_snd, off, &moff);
934 
935 				while (mb != NULL && max_len < len) {
936 					u_int mlen;
937 					u_int frags;
938 
939 					/*
940 					 * Get length of mbuf fragment
941 					 * and how many hardware frags,
942 					 * rounded up, it would use:
943 					 */
944 					mlen = (mb->m_len - moff);
945 					frags = howmany(mlen,
946 					    if_hw_tsomaxsegsize);
947 
948 					/* Handle special case: Zero Length Mbuf */
949 					if (frags == 0)
950 						frags = 1;
951 
952 					/*
953 					 * Check if the fragment limit
954 					 * will be reached or exceeded:
955 					 */
956 					if (frags >= if_hw_tsomaxsegcount) {
957 						max_len += min(mlen,
958 						    if_hw_tsomaxsegcount *
959 						    if_hw_tsomaxsegsize);
960 						break;
961 					}
962 					max_len += mlen;
963 					if_hw_tsomaxsegcount -= frags;
964 					moff = 0;
965 					mb = mb->m_next;
966 				}
967 				if (max_len <= 0) {
968 					len = 0;
969 				} else if (len > max_len) {
970 					sendalot = 1;
971 					len = max_len;
972 				}
973 			}
974 
975 			/*
976 			 * Prevent the last segment from being
977 			 * fractional unless the send sockbuf can be
978 			 * emptied:
979 			 */
980 			max_len = (tp->t_maxseg - optlen);
981 			if (((uint32_t)off + (uint32_t)len) <
982 			    sbavail(&so->so_snd)) {
983 				moff = len % max_len;
984 				if (moff != 0) {
985 					len -= moff;
986 					sendalot = 1;
987 				}
988 			}
989 
990 			/*
991 			 * In case there are too many small fragments
992 			 * don't use TSO:
993 			 */
994 			if (len <= max_len) {
995 				len = max_len;
996 				sendalot = 1;
997 				tso = 0;
998 			}
999 
1000 			/*
1001 			 * Send the FIN in a separate segment
1002 			 * after the bulk sending is done.
1003 			 * We don't trust the TSO implementations
1004 			 * to clear the FIN flag on all but the
1005 			 * last segment.
1006 			 */
1007 			if (tp->t_flags & TF_NEEDFIN)
1008 				sendalot = 1;
1009 
1010 		} else {
1011 			len = tp->t_maxseg - optlen - ipoptlen;
1012 			sendalot = 1;
1013 			if (dont_sendalot)
1014 				sendalot = 0;
1015 		}
1016 	} else
1017 		tso = 0;
1018 
1019 	KASSERT(len + hdrlen + ipoptlen <= IP_MAXPACKET,
1020 	    ("%s: len > IP_MAXPACKET", __func__));
1021 
1022 /*#ifdef DIAGNOSTIC*/
1023 #ifdef INET6
1024 	if (max_linkhdr + hdrlen > MCLBYTES)
1025 #else
1026 	if (max_linkhdr + hdrlen > MHLEN)
1027 #endif
1028 		panic("tcphdr too big");
1029 /*#endif*/
1030 
1031 	/*
1032 	 * This KASSERT is here to catch edge cases at a well defined place.
1033 	 * Before, those had triggered (random) panic conditions further down.
1034 	 */
1035 	KASSERT(len >= 0, ("[%s:%d]: len < 0", __func__, __LINE__));
1036 
1037 	/*
1038 	 * Grab a header mbuf, attaching a copy of data to
1039 	 * be transmitted, and initialize the header from
1040 	 * the template for sends on this connection.
1041 	 */
1042 	if (len) {
1043 		struct mbuf *mb;
1044 		u_int moff;
1045 
1046 		if ((tp->t_flags & TF_FORCEDATA) && len == 1)
1047 			TCPSTAT_INC(tcps_sndprobe);
1048 		else if (SEQ_LT(tp->snd_nxt, tp->snd_max) || sack_rxmit) {
1049 			tp->t_sndrexmitpack++;
1050 			TCPSTAT_INC(tcps_sndrexmitpack);
1051 			TCPSTAT_ADD(tcps_sndrexmitbyte, len);
1052 		} else {
1053 			TCPSTAT_INC(tcps_sndpack);
1054 			TCPSTAT_ADD(tcps_sndbyte, len);
1055 		}
1056 #ifdef INET6
1057 		if (MHLEN < hdrlen + max_linkhdr)
1058 			m = m_getcl(M_NOWAIT, MT_DATA, M_PKTHDR);
1059 		else
1060 #endif
1061 			m = m_gethdr(M_NOWAIT, MT_DATA);
1062 
1063 		if (m == NULL) {
1064 			SOCKBUF_UNLOCK(&so->so_snd);
1065 			error = ENOBUFS;
1066 			sack_rxmit = 0;
1067 			goto out;
1068 		}
1069 
1070 		m->m_data += max_linkhdr;
1071 		m->m_len = hdrlen;
1072 
1073 		/*
1074 		 * Start the m_copy functions from the closest mbuf
1075 		 * to the offset in the socket buffer chain.
1076 		 */
1077 		mb = sbsndptr(&so->so_snd, off, len, &moff);
1078 
1079 		if (len <= MHLEN - hdrlen - max_linkhdr) {
1080 			m_copydata(mb, moff, len,
1081 			    mtod(m, caddr_t) + hdrlen);
1082 			m->m_len += len;
1083 		} else {
1084 			m->m_next = m_copym(mb, moff, len, M_NOWAIT);
1085 			if (m->m_next == NULL) {
1086 				SOCKBUF_UNLOCK(&so->so_snd);
1087 				(void) m_free(m);
1088 				error = ENOBUFS;
1089 				sack_rxmit = 0;
1090 				goto out;
1091 			}
1092 		}
1093 
1094 		/*
1095 		 * If we're sending everything we've got, set PUSH.
1096 		 * (This will keep happy those implementations which only
1097 		 * give data to the user when a buffer fills or
1098 		 * a PUSH comes in.)
1099 		 */
1100 		if (((uint32_t)off + (uint32_t)len == sbused(&so->so_snd)) &&
1101 		    !(flags & TH_SYN))
1102 			flags |= TH_PUSH;
1103 		SOCKBUF_UNLOCK(&so->so_snd);
1104 	} else {
1105 		SOCKBUF_UNLOCK(&so->so_snd);
1106 		if (tp->t_flags & TF_ACKNOW)
1107 			TCPSTAT_INC(tcps_sndacks);
1108 		else if (flags & (TH_SYN|TH_FIN|TH_RST))
1109 			TCPSTAT_INC(tcps_sndctrl);
1110 		else if (SEQ_GT(tp->snd_up, tp->snd_una))
1111 			TCPSTAT_INC(tcps_sndurg);
1112 		else
1113 			TCPSTAT_INC(tcps_sndwinup);
1114 
1115 		m = m_gethdr(M_NOWAIT, MT_DATA);
1116 		if (m == NULL) {
1117 			error = ENOBUFS;
1118 			sack_rxmit = 0;
1119 			goto out;
1120 		}
1121 #ifdef INET6
1122 		if (isipv6 && (MHLEN < hdrlen + max_linkhdr) &&
1123 		    MHLEN >= hdrlen) {
1124 			M_ALIGN(m, hdrlen);
1125 		} else
1126 #endif
1127 		m->m_data += max_linkhdr;
1128 		m->m_len = hdrlen;
1129 	}
1130 	SOCKBUF_UNLOCK_ASSERT(&so->so_snd);
1131 	m->m_pkthdr.rcvif = (struct ifnet *)0;
1132 #ifdef MAC
1133 	mac_inpcb_create_mbuf(tp->t_inpcb, m);
1134 #endif
1135 #ifdef INET6
1136 	if (isipv6) {
1137 		ip6 = mtod(m, struct ip6_hdr *);
1138 		th = (struct tcphdr *)(ip6 + 1);
1139 		tcpip_fillheaders(tp->t_inpcb, ip6, th);
1140 	} else
1141 #endif /* INET6 */
1142 	{
1143 		ip = mtod(m, struct ip *);
1144 #ifdef TCPDEBUG
1145 		ipov = (struct ipovly *)ip;
1146 #endif
1147 		th = (struct tcphdr *)(ip + 1);
1148 		tcpip_fillheaders(tp->t_inpcb, ip, th);
1149 	}
1150 
1151 	/*
1152 	 * Fill in fields, remembering maximum advertised
1153 	 * window for use in delaying messages about window sizes.
1154 	 * If resending a FIN, be sure not to use a new sequence number.
1155 	 */
1156 	if (flags & TH_FIN && tp->t_flags & TF_SENTFIN &&
1157 	    tp->snd_nxt == tp->snd_max)
1158 		tp->snd_nxt--;
1159 	/*
1160 	 * If we are starting a connection, send ECN setup
1161 	 * SYN packet. If we are on a retransmit, we may
1162 	 * resend those bits a number of times as per
1163 	 * RFC 3168.
1164 	 */
1165 	if (tp->t_state == TCPS_SYN_SENT && V_tcp_do_ecn == 1) {
1166 		if (tp->t_rxtshift >= 1) {
1167 			if (tp->t_rxtshift <= V_tcp_ecn_maxretries)
1168 				flags |= TH_ECE|TH_CWR;
1169 		} else
1170 			flags |= TH_ECE|TH_CWR;
1171 	}
1172 
1173 	if (tp->t_state == TCPS_ESTABLISHED &&
1174 	    (tp->t_flags & TF_ECN_PERMIT)) {
1175 		/*
1176 		 * If the peer has ECN, mark data packets with
1177 		 * ECN capable transmission (ECT).
1178 		 * Ignore pure ack packets, retransmissions and window probes.
1179 		 */
1180 		if (len > 0 && SEQ_GEQ(tp->snd_nxt, tp->snd_max) &&
1181 		    !((tp->t_flags & TF_FORCEDATA) && len == 1)) {
1182 #ifdef INET6
1183 			if (isipv6)
1184 				ip6->ip6_flow |= htonl(IPTOS_ECN_ECT0 << 20);
1185 			else
1186 #endif
1187 				ip->ip_tos |= IPTOS_ECN_ECT0;
1188 			TCPSTAT_INC(tcps_ecn_ect0);
1189 		}
1190 
1191 		/*
1192 		 * Reply with proper ECN notifications.
1193 		 */
1194 		if (tp->t_flags & TF_ECN_SND_CWR) {
1195 			flags |= TH_CWR;
1196 			tp->t_flags &= ~TF_ECN_SND_CWR;
1197 		}
1198 		if (tp->t_flags & TF_ECN_SND_ECE)
1199 			flags |= TH_ECE;
1200 	}
1201 
1202 	/*
1203 	 * If we are doing retransmissions, then snd_nxt will
1204 	 * not reflect the first unsent octet.  For ACK only
1205 	 * packets, we do not want the sequence number of the
1206 	 * retransmitted packet, we want the sequence number
1207 	 * of the next unsent octet.  So, if there is no data
1208 	 * (and no SYN or FIN), use snd_max instead of snd_nxt
1209 	 * when filling in ti_seq.  But if we are in persist
1210 	 * state, snd_max might reflect one byte beyond the
1211 	 * right edge of the window, so use snd_nxt in that
1212 	 * case, since we know we aren't doing a retransmission.
1213 	 * (retransmit and persist are mutually exclusive...)
1214 	 */
1215 	if (sack_rxmit == 0) {
1216 		if (len || (flags & (TH_SYN|TH_FIN)) ||
1217 		    tcp_timer_active(tp, TT_PERSIST))
1218 			th->th_seq = htonl(tp->snd_nxt);
1219 		else
1220 			th->th_seq = htonl(tp->snd_max);
1221 	} else {
1222 		th->th_seq = htonl(p->rxmit);
1223 		p->rxmit += len;
1224 		tp->sackhint.sack_bytes_rexmit += len;
1225 	}
1226 	th->th_ack = htonl(tp->rcv_nxt);
1227 	if (optlen) {
1228 		bcopy(opt, th + 1, optlen);
1229 		th->th_off = (sizeof (struct tcphdr) + optlen) >> 2;
1230 	}
1231 	th->th_flags = flags;
1232 	/*
1233 	 * Calculate receive window.  Don't shrink window,
1234 	 * but avoid silly window syndrome.
1235 	 */
1236 	if (recwin < (so->so_rcv.sb_hiwat / 4) &&
1237 	    recwin < tp->t_maxseg)
1238 		recwin = 0;
1239 	if (SEQ_GT(tp->rcv_adv, tp->rcv_nxt) &&
1240 	    recwin < (tp->rcv_adv - tp->rcv_nxt))
1241 		recwin = (tp->rcv_adv - tp->rcv_nxt);
1242 
1243 	/*
1244 	 * According to RFC1323 the window field in a SYN (i.e., a <SYN>
1245 	 * or <SYN,ACK>) segment itself is never scaled.  The <SYN,ACK>
1246 	 * case is handled in syncache.
1247 	 */
1248 	if (flags & TH_SYN)
1249 		th->th_win = htons((u_short)
1250 				(min(sbspace(&so->so_rcv), TCP_MAXWIN)));
1251 	else
1252 		th->th_win = htons((u_short)(recwin >> tp->rcv_scale));
1253 
1254 	/*
1255 	 * Adjust the RXWIN0SENT flag - indicate that we have advertised
1256 	 * a 0 window.  This may cause the remote transmitter to stall.  This
1257 	 * flag tells soreceive() to disable delayed acknowledgements when
1258 	 * draining the buffer.  This can occur if the receiver is attempting
1259 	 * to read more data than can be buffered prior to transmitting on
1260 	 * the connection.
1261 	 */
1262 	if (th->th_win == 0) {
1263 		tp->t_sndzerowin++;
1264 		tp->t_flags |= TF_RXWIN0SENT;
1265 	} else
1266 		tp->t_flags &= ~TF_RXWIN0SENT;
1267 	if (SEQ_GT(tp->snd_up, tp->snd_nxt)) {
1268 		th->th_urp = htons((u_short)(tp->snd_up - tp->snd_nxt));
1269 		th->th_flags |= TH_URG;
1270 	} else
1271 		/*
1272 		 * If no urgent pointer to send, then we pull
1273 		 * the urgent pointer to the left edge of the send window
1274 		 * so that it doesn't drift into the send window on sequence
1275 		 * number wraparound.
1276 		 */
1277 		tp->snd_up = tp->snd_una;		/* drag it along */
1278 
1279 	/*
1280 	 * Put TCP length in extended header, and then
1281 	 * checksum extended header and data.
1282 	 */
1283 	m->m_pkthdr.len = hdrlen + len; /* in6_cksum() need this */
1284 	m->m_pkthdr.csum_data = offsetof(struct tcphdr, th_sum);
1285 
1286 #if defined(IPSEC_SUPPORT) || defined(TCP_SIGNATURE)
1287 	if (to.to_flags & TOF_SIGNATURE) {
1288 		/*
1289 		 * Calculate MD5 signature and put it into the place
1290 		 * determined before.
1291 		 * NOTE: since TCP options buffer doesn't point into
1292 		 * mbuf's data, calculate offset and use it.
1293 		 */
1294 		if (!TCPMD5_ENABLED() || (error = TCPMD5_OUTPUT(m, th,
1295 		    (u_char *)(th + 1) + (to.to_signature - opt))) != 0) {
1296 			/*
1297 			 * Do not send segment if the calculation of MD5
1298 			 * digest has failed.
1299 			 */
1300 			m_freem(m);
1301 			goto out;
1302 		}
1303 	}
1304 #endif
1305 #ifdef INET6
1306 	if (isipv6) {
1307 		/*
1308 		 * There is no need to fill in ip6_plen right now.
1309 		 * It will be filled later by ip6_output.
1310 		 */
1311 		m->m_pkthdr.csum_flags = CSUM_TCP_IPV6;
1312 		th->th_sum = in6_cksum_pseudo(ip6, sizeof(struct tcphdr) +
1313 		    optlen + len, IPPROTO_TCP, 0);
1314 	}
1315 #endif
1316 #if defined(INET6) && defined(INET)
1317 	else
1318 #endif
1319 #ifdef INET
1320 	{
1321 		m->m_pkthdr.csum_flags = CSUM_TCP;
1322 		th->th_sum = in_pseudo(ip->ip_src.s_addr, ip->ip_dst.s_addr,
1323 		    htons(sizeof(struct tcphdr) + IPPROTO_TCP + len + optlen));
1324 
1325 		/* IP version must be set here for ipv4/ipv6 checking later */
1326 		KASSERT(ip->ip_v == IPVERSION,
1327 		    ("%s: IP version incorrect: %d", __func__, ip->ip_v));
1328 	}
1329 #endif
1330 
1331 	/*
1332 	 * Enable TSO and specify the size of the segments.
1333 	 * The TCP pseudo header checksum is always provided.
1334 	 */
1335 	if (tso) {
1336 		KASSERT(len > tp->t_maxseg - optlen,
1337 		    ("%s: len <= tso_segsz", __func__));
1338 		m->m_pkthdr.csum_flags |= CSUM_TSO;
1339 		m->m_pkthdr.tso_segsz = tp->t_maxseg - optlen;
1340 	}
1341 
1342 #if defined(IPSEC) || defined(IPSEC_SUPPORT)
1343 	KASSERT(len + hdrlen + ipoptlen - ipsec_optlen == m_length(m, NULL),
1344 	    ("%s: mbuf chain shorter than expected: %d + %u + %u - %u != %u",
1345 	    __func__, len, hdrlen, ipoptlen, ipsec_optlen, m_length(m, NULL)));
1346 #else
1347 	KASSERT(len + hdrlen + ipoptlen == m_length(m, NULL),
1348 	    ("%s: mbuf chain shorter than expected: %d + %u + %u != %u",
1349 	    __func__, len, hdrlen, ipoptlen, m_length(m, NULL)));
1350 #endif
1351 
1352 #ifdef TCP_HHOOK
1353 	/* Run HHOOK_TCP_ESTABLISHED_OUT helper hooks. */
1354 	hhook_run_tcp_est_out(tp, th, &to, len, tso);
1355 #endif
1356 
1357 #ifdef TCPDEBUG
1358 	/*
1359 	 * Trace.
1360 	 */
1361 	if (so->so_options & SO_DEBUG) {
1362 		u_short save = 0;
1363 #ifdef INET6
1364 		if (!isipv6)
1365 #endif
1366 		{
1367 			save = ipov->ih_len;
1368 			ipov->ih_len = htons(m->m_pkthdr.len /* - hdrlen + (th->th_off << 2) */);
1369 		}
1370 		tcp_trace(TA_OUTPUT, tp->t_state, tp, mtod(m, void *), th, 0);
1371 #ifdef INET6
1372 		if (!isipv6)
1373 #endif
1374 		ipov->ih_len = save;
1375 	}
1376 #endif /* TCPDEBUG */
1377 	TCP_PROBE3(debug__output, tp, th, m);
1378 
1379 	/* We're getting ready to send; log now. */
1380 	TCP_LOG_EVENT(tp, th, &so->so_rcv, &so->so_snd, TCP_LOG_OUT, ERRNO_UNK,
1381 	    len, NULL, false);
1382 
1383 	/*
1384 	 * Fill in IP length and desired time to live and
1385 	 * send to IP level.  There should be a better way
1386 	 * to handle ttl and tos; we could keep them in
1387 	 * the template, but need a way to checksum without them.
1388 	 */
1389 	/*
1390 	 * m->m_pkthdr.len should have been set before checksum calculation,
1391 	 * because in6_cksum() need it.
1392 	 */
1393 #ifdef INET6
1394 	if (isipv6) {
1395 		/*
1396 		 * we separately set hoplimit for every segment, since the
1397 		 * user might want to change the value via setsockopt.
1398 		 * Also, desired default hop limit might be changed via
1399 		 * Neighbor Discovery.
1400 		 */
1401 		ip6->ip6_hlim = in6_selecthlim(tp->t_inpcb, NULL);
1402 
1403 		/*
1404 		 * Set the packet size here for the benefit of DTrace probes.
1405 		 * ip6_output() will set it properly; it's supposed to include
1406 		 * the option header lengths as well.
1407 		 */
1408 		ip6->ip6_plen = htons(m->m_pkthdr.len - sizeof(*ip6));
1409 
1410 		if (V_path_mtu_discovery && tp->t_maxseg > V_tcp_minmss)
1411 			tp->t_flags2 |= TF2_PLPMTU_PMTUD;
1412 		else
1413 			tp->t_flags2 &= ~TF2_PLPMTU_PMTUD;
1414 
1415 		if (tp->t_state == TCPS_SYN_SENT)
1416 			TCP_PROBE5(connect__request, NULL, tp, ip6, tp, th);
1417 
1418 		TCP_PROBE5(send, NULL, tp, ip6, tp, th);
1419 
1420 #ifdef TCPPCAP
1421 		/* Save packet, if requested. */
1422 		tcp_pcap_add(th, m, &(tp->t_outpkts));
1423 #endif
1424 
1425 		/* TODO: IPv6 IP6TOS_ECT bit on */
1426 		error = ip6_output(m, tp->t_inpcb->in6p_outputopts,
1427 		    &tp->t_inpcb->inp_route6,
1428 		    ((so->so_options & SO_DONTROUTE) ?  IP_ROUTETOIF : 0),
1429 		    NULL, NULL, tp->t_inpcb);
1430 
1431 		if (error == EMSGSIZE && tp->t_inpcb->inp_route6.ro_rt != NULL)
1432 			mtu = tp->t_inpcb->inp_route6.ro_rt->rt_mtu;
1433 	}
1434 #endif /* INET6 */
1435 #if defined(INET) && defined(INET6)
1436 	else
1437 #endif
1438 #ifdef INET
1439     {
1440 	ip->ip_len = htons(m->m_pkthdr.len);
1441 #ifdef INET6
1442 	if (tp->t_inpcb->inp_vflag & INP_IPV6PROTO)
1443 		ip->ip_ttl = in6_selecthlim(tp->t_inpcb, NULL);
1444 #endif /* INET6 */
1445 	/*
1446 	 * If we do path MTU discovery, then we set DF on every packet.
1447 	 * This might not be the best thing to do according to RFC3390
1448 	 * Section 2. However the tcp hostcache migitates the problem
1449 	 * so it affects only the first tcp connection with a host.
1450 	 *
1451 	 * NB: Don't set DF on small MTU/MSS to have a safe fallback.
1452 	 */
1453 	if (V_path_mtu_discovery && tp->t_maxseg > V_tcp_minmss) {
1454 		ip->ip_off |= htons(IP_DF);
1455 		tp->t_flags2 |= TF2_PLPMTU_PMTUD;
1456 	} else {
1457 		tp->t_flags2 &= ~TF2_PLPMTU_PMTUD;
1458 	}
1459 
1460 	if (tp->t_state == TCPS_SYN_SENT)
1461 		TCP_PROBE5(connect__request, NULL, tp, ip, tp, th);
1462 
1463 	TCP_PROBE5(send, NULL, tp, ip, tp, th);
1464 
1465 #ifdef TCPPCAP
1466 	/* Save packet, if requested. */
1467 	tcp_pcap_add(th, m, &(tp->t_outpkts));
1468 #endif
1469 
1470 	error = ip_output(m, tp->t_inpcb->inp_options, &tp->t_inpcb->inp_route,
1471 	    ((so->so_options & SO_DONTROUTE) ? IP_ROUTETOIF : 0), 0,
1472 	    tp->t_inpcb);
1473 
1474 	if (error == EMSGSIZE && tp->t_inpcb->inp_route.ro_rt != NULL)
1475 		mtu = tp->t_inpcb->inp_route.ro_rt->rt_mtu;
1476     }
1477 #endif /* INET */
1478 
1479 out:
1480 	/*
1481 	 * In transmit state, time the transmission and arrange for
1482 	 * the retransmit.  In persist state, just set snd_max.
1483 	 */
1484 	if ((tp->t_flags & TF_FORCEDATA) == 0 ||
1485 	    !tcp_timer_active(tp, TT_PERSIST)) {
1486 		tcp_seq startseq = tp->snd_nxt;
1487 
1488 		/*
1489 		 * Advance snd_nxt over sequence space of this segment.
1490 		 */
1491 		if (flags & (TH_SYN|TH_FIN)) {
1492 			if (flags & TH_SYN)
1493 				tp->snd_nxt++;
1494 			if (flags & TH_FIN) {
1495 				tp->snd_nxt++;
1496 				tp->t_flags |= TF_SENTFIN;
1497 			}
1498 		}
1499 		if (sack_rxmit)
1500 			goto timer;
1501 		tp->snd_nxt += len;
1502 		if (SEQ_GT(tp->snd_nxt, tp->snd_max)) {
1503 			tp->snd_max = tp->snd_nxt;
1504 			/*
1505 			 * Time this transmission if not a retransmission and
1506 			 * not currently timing anything.
1507 			 */
1508 			if (tp->t_rtttime == 0) {
1509 				tp->t_rtttime = ticks;
1510 				tp->t_rtseq = startseq;
1511 				TCPSTAT_INC(tcps_segstimed);
1512 			}
1513 		}
1514 
1515 		/*
1516 		 * Set retransmit timer if not currently set,
1517 		 * and not doing a pure ack or a keep-alive probe.
1518 		 * Initial value for retransmit timer is smoothed
1519 		 * round-trip time + 2 * round-trip time variance.
1520 		 * Initialize shift counter which is used for backoff
1521 		 * of retransmit time.
1522 		 */
1523 timer:
1524 		if (!tcp_timer_active(tp, TT_REXMT) &&
1525 		    ((sack_rxmit && tp->snd_nxt != tp->snd_max) ||
1526 		     (tp->snd_nxt != tp->snd_una))) {
1527 			if (tcp_timer_active(tp, TT_PERSIST)) {
1528 				tcp_timer_activate(tp, TT_PERSIST, 0);
1529 				tp->t_rxtshift = 0;
1530 			}
1531 			tcp_timer_activate(tp, TT_REXMT, tp->t_rxtcur);
1532 		} else if (len == 0 && sbavail(&so->so_snd) &&
1533 		    !tcp_timer_active(tp, TT_REXMT) &&
1534 		    !tcp_timer_active(tp, TT_PERSIST)) {
1535 			/*
1536 			 * Avoid a situation where we do not set persist timer
1537 			 * after a zero window condition. For example:
1538 			 * 1) A -> B: packet with enough data to fill the window
1539 			 * 2) B -> A: ACK for #1 + new data (0 window
1540 			 *    advertisement)
1541 			 * 3) A -> B: ACK for #2, 0 len packet
1542 			 *
1543 			 * In this case, A will not activate the persist timer,
1544 			 * because it chose to send a packet. Unless tcp_output
1545 			 * is called for some other reason (delayed ack timer,
1546 			 * another input packet from B, socket syscall), A will
1547 			 * not send zero window probes.
1548 			 *
1549 			 * So, if you send a 0-length packet, but there is data
1550 			 * in the socket buffer, and neither the rexmt or
1551 			 * persist timer is already set, then activate the
1552 			 * persist timer.
1553 			 */
1554 			tp->t_rxtshift = 0;
1555 			tcp_setpersist(tp);
1556 		}
1557 	} else {
1558 		/*
1559 		 * Persist case, update snd_max but since we are in
1560 		 * persist mode (no window) we do not update snd_nxt.
1561 		 */
1562 		int xlen = len;
1563 		if (flags & TH_SYN)
1564 			++xlen;
1565 		if (flags & TH_FIN) {
1566 			++xlen;
1567 			tp->t_flags |= TF_SENTFIN;
1568 		}
1569 		if (SEQ_GT(tp->snd_nxt + xlen, tp->snd_max))
1570 			tp->snd_max = tp->snd_nxt + xlen;
1571 	}
1572 
1573 	if (error) {
1574 		/* Record the error. */
1575 		TCP_LOG_EVENT(tp, NULL, &so->so_rcv, &so->so_snd, TCP_LOG_OUT,
1576 		    error, 0, NULL, false);
1577 
1578 		/*
1579 		 * We know that the packet was lost, so back out the
1580 		 * sequence number advance, if any.
1581 		 *
1582 		 * If the error is EPERM the packet got blocked by the
1583 		 * local firewall.  Normally we should terminate the
1584 		 * connection but the blocking may have been spurious
1585 		 * due to a firewall reconfiguration cycle.  So we treat
1586 		 * it like a packet loss and let the retransmit timer and
1587 		 * timeouts do their work over time.
1588 		 * XXX: It is a POLA question whether calling tcp_drop right
1589 		 * away would be the really correct behavior instead.
1590 		 */
1591 		if (((tp->t_flags & TF_FORCEDATA) == 0 ||
1592 		    !tcp_timer_active(tp, TT_PERSIST)) &&
1593 		    ((flags & TH_SYN) == 0) &&
1594 		    (error != EPERM)) {
1595 			if (sack_rxmit) {
1596 				p->rxmit -= len;
1597 				tp->sackhint.sack_bytes_rexmit -= len;
1598 				KASSERT(tp->sackhint.sack_bytes_rexmit >= 0,
1599 				    ("sackhint bytes rtx >= 0"));
1600 			} else
1601 				tp->snd_nxt -= len;
1602 		}
1603 		SOCKBUF_UNLOCK_ASSERT(&so->so_snd);	/* Check gotos. */
1604 		switch (error) {
1605 		case EACCES:
1606 		case EPERM:
1607 			tp->t_softerror = error;
1608 			return (error);
1609 		case ENOBUFS:
1610 			TCP_XMIT_TIMER_ASSERT(tp, len, flags);
1611 			tp->snd_cwnd = tp->t_maxseg;
1612 			return (0);
1613 		case EMSGSIZE:
1614 			/*
1615 			 * For some reason the interface we used initially
1616 			 * to send segments changed to another or lowered
1617 			 * its MTU.
1618 			 * If TSO was active we either got an interface
1619 			 * without TSO capabilits or TSO was turned off.
1620 			 * If we obtained mtu from ip_output() then update
1621 			 * it and try again.
1622 			 */
1623 			if (tso)
1624 				tp->t_flags &= ~TF_TSO;
1625 			if (mtu != 0) {
1626 				tcp_mss_update(tp, -1, mtu, NULL, NULL);
1627 				goto again;
1628 			}
1629 			return (error);
1630 		case EHOSTDOWN:
1631 		case EHOSTUNREACH:
1632 		case ENETDOWN:
1633 		case ENETUNREACH:
1634 			if (TCPS_HAVERCVDSYN(tp->t_state)) {
1635 				tp->t_softerror = error;
1636 				return (0);
1637 			}
1638 			/* FALLTHROUGH */
1639 		default:
1640 			return (error);
1641 		}
1642 	}
1643 	TCPSTAT_INC(tcps_sndtotal);
1644 
1645 	/*
1646 	 * Data sent (as far as we can tell).
1647 	 * If this advertises a larger window than any other segment,
1648 	 * then remember the size of the advertised window.
1649 	 * Any pending ACK has now been sent.
1650 	 */
1651 	if (SEQ_GT(tp->rcv_nxt + recwin, tp->rcv_adv))
1652 		tp->rcv_adv = tp->rcv_nxt + recwin;
1653 	tp->last_ack_sent = tp->rcv_nxt;
1654 	tp->t_flags &= ~(TF_ACKNOW | TF_DELACK);
1655 	if (tcp_timer_active(tp, TT_DELACK))
1656 		tcp_timer_activate(tp, TT_DELACK, 0);
1657 #if 0
1658 	/*
1659 	 * This completely breaks TCP if newreno is turned on.  What happens
1660 	 * is that if delayed-acks are turned on on the receiver, this code
1661 	 * on the transmitter effectively destroys the TCP window, forcing
1662 	 * it to four packets (1.5Kx4 = 6K window).
1663 	 */
1664 	if (sendalot && --maxburst)
1665 		goto again;
1666 #endif
1667 	if (sendalot)
1668 		goto again;
1669 	return (0);
1670 }
1671 
1672 void
1673 tcp_setpersist(struct tcpcb *tp)
1674 {
1675 	int t = ((tp->t_srtt >> 2) + tp->t_rttvar) >> 1;
1676 	int tt;
1677 
1678 	tp->t_flags &= ~TF_PREVVALID;
1679 	if (tcp_timer_active(tp, TT_REXMT))
1680 		panic("tcp_setpersist: retransmit pending");
1681 	/*
1682 	 * Start/restart persistence timer.
1683 	 */
1684 	TCPT_RANGESET(tt, t * tcp_backoff[tp->t_rxtshift],
1685 		      tcp_persmin, tcp_persmax);
1686 	tcp_timer_activate(tp, TT_PERSIST, tt);
1687 	if (tp->t_rxtshift < TCP_MAXRXTSHIFT)
1688 		tp->t_rxtshift++;
1689 }
1690 
1691 /*
1692  * Insert TCP options according to the supplied parameters to the place
1693  * optp in a consistent way.  Can handle unaligned destinations.
1694  *
1695  * The order of the option processing is crucial for optimal packing and
1696  * alignment for the scarce option space.
1697  *
1698  * The optimal order for a SYN/SYN-ACK segment is:
1699  *   MSS (4) + NOP (1) + Window scale (3) + SACK permitted (2) +
1700  *   Timestamp (10) + Signature (18) = 38 bytes out of a maximum of 40.
1701  *
1702  * The SACK options should be last.  SACK blocks consume 8*n+2 bytes.
1703  * So a full size SACK blocks option is 34 bytes (with 4 SACK blocks).
1704  * At minimum we need 10 bytes (to generate 1 SACK block).  If both
1705  * TCP Timestamps (12 bytes) and TCP Signatures (18 bytes) are present,
1706  * we only have 10 bytes for SACK options (40 - (12 + 18)).
1707  */
1708 int
1709 tcp_addoptions(struct tcpopt *to, u_char *optp)
1710 {
1711 	u_int32_t mask, optlen = 0;
1712 
1713 	for (mask = 1; mask < TOF_MAXOPT; mask <<= 1) {
1714 		if ((to->to_flags & mask) != mask)
1715 			continue;
1716 		if (optlen == TCP_MAXOLEN)
1717 			break;
1718 		switch (to->to_flags & mask) {
1719 		case TOF_MSS:
1720 			while (optlen % 4) {
1721 				optlen += TCPOLEN_NOP;
1722 				*optp++ = TCPOPT_NOP;
1723 			}
1724 			if (TCP_MAXOLEN - optlen < TCPOLEN_MAXSEG)
1725 				continue;
1726 			optlen += TCPOLEN_MAXSEG;
1727 			*optp++ = TCPOPT_MAXSEG;
1728 			*optp++ = TCPOLEN_MAXSEG;
1729 			to->to_mss = htons(to->to_mss);
1730 			bcopy((u_char *)&to->to_mss, optp, sizeof(to->to_mss));
1731 			optp += sizeof(to->to_mss);
1732 			break;
1733 		case TOF_SCALE:
1734 			while (!optlen || optlen % 2 != 1) {
1735 				optlen += TCPOLEN_NOP;
1736 				*optp++ = TCPOPT_NOP;
1737 			}
1738 			if (TCP_MAXOLEN - optlen < TCPOLEN_WINDOW)
1739 				continue;
1740 			optlen += TCPOLEN_WINDOW;
1741 			*optp++ = TCPOPT_WINDOW;
1742 			*optp++ = TCPOLEN_WINDOW;
1743 			*optp++ = to->to_wscale;
1744 			break;
1745 		case TOF_SACKPERM:
1746 			while (optlen % 2) {
1747 				optlen += TCPOLEN_NOP;
1748 				*optp++ = TCPOPT_NOP;
1749 			}
1750 			if (TCP_MAXOLEN - optlen < TCPOLEN_SACK_PERMITTED)
1751 				continue;
1752 			optlen += TCPOLEN_SACK_PERMITTED;
1753 			*optp++ = TCPOPT_SACK_PERMITTED;
1754 			*optp++ = TCPOLEN_SACK_PERMITTED;
1755 			break;
1756 		case TOF_TS:
1757 			while (!optlen || optlen % 4 != 2) {
1758 				optlen += TCPOLEN_NOP;
1759 				*optp++ = TCPOPT_NOP;
1760 			}
1761 			if (TCP_MAXOLEN - optlen < TCPOLEN_TIMESTAMP)
1762 				continue;
1763 			optlen += TCPOLEN_TIMESTAMP;
1764 			*optp++ = TCPOPT_TIMESTAMP;
1765 			*optp++ = TCPOLEN_TIMESTAMP;
1766 			to->to_tsval = htonl(to->to_tsval);
1767 			to->to_tsecr = htonl(to->to_tsecr);
1768 			bcopy((u_char *)&to->to_tsval, optp, sizeof(to->to_tsval));
1769 			optp += sizeof(to->to_tsval);
1770 			bcopy((u_char *)&to->to_tsecr, optp, sizeof(to->to_tsecr));
1771 			optp += sizeof(to->to_tsecr);
1772 			break;
1773 		case TOF_SIGNATURE:
1774 			{
1775 			int siglen = TCPOLEN_SIGNATURE - 2;
1776 
1777 			while (!optlen || optlen % 4 != 2) {
1778 				optlen += TCPOLEN_NOP;
1779 				*optp++ = TCPOPT_NOP;
1780 			}
1781 			if (TCP_MAXOLEN - optlen < TCPOLEN_SIGNATURE) {
1782 				to->to_flags &= ~TOF_SIGNATURE;
1783 				continue;
1784 			}
1785 			optlen += TCPOLEN_SIGNATURE;
1786 			*optp++ = TCPOPT_SIGNATURE;
1787 			*optp++ = TCPOLEN_SIGNATURE;
1788 			to->to_signature = optp;
1789 			while (siglen--)
1790 				 *optp++ = 0;
1791 			break;
1792 			}
1793 		case TOF_SACK:
1794 			{
1795 			int sackblks = 0;
1796 			struct sackblk *sack = (struct sackblk *)to->to_sacks;
1797 			tcp_seq sack_seq;
1798 
1799 			while (!optlen || optlen % 4 != 2) {
1800 				optlen += TCPOLEN_NOP;
1801 				*optp++ = TCPOPT_NOP;
1802 			}
1803 			if (TCP_MAXOLEN - optlen < TCPOLEN_SACKHDR + TCPOLEN_SACK)
1804 				continue;
1805 			optlen += TCPOLEN_SACKHDR;
1806 			*optp++ = TCPOPT_SACK;
1807 			sackblks = min(to->to_nsacks,
1808 					(TCP_MAXOLEN - optlen) / TCPOLEN_SACK);
1809 			*optp++ = TCPOLEN_SACKHDR + sackblks * TCPOLEN_SACK;
1810 			while (sackblks--) {
1811 				sack_seq = htonl(sack->start);
1812 				bcopy((u_char *)&sack_seq, optp, sizeof(sack_seq));
1813 				optp += sizeof(sack_seq);
1814 				sack_seq = htonl(sack->end);
1815 				bcopy((u_char *)&sack_seq, optp, sizeof(sack_seq));
1816 				optp += sizeof(sack_seq);
1817 				optlen += TCPOLEN_SACK;
1818 				sack++;
1819 			}
1820 			TCPSTAT_INC(tcps_sack_send_blocks);
1821 			break;
1822 			}
1823 		case TOF_FASTOPEN:
1824 			{
1825 			int total_len;
1826 
1827 			/* XXX is there any point to aligning this option? */
1828 			total_len = TCPOLEN_FAST_OPEN_EMPTY + to->to_tfo_len;
1829 			if (TCP_MAXOLEN - optlen < total_len) {
1830 				to->to_flags &= ~TOF_FASTOPEN;
1831 				continue;
1832 			}
1833 			*optp++ = TCPOPT_FAST_OPEN;
1834 			*optp++ = total_len;
1835 			if (to->to_tfo_len > 0) {
1836 				bcopy(to->to_tfo_cookie, optp, to->to_tfo_len);
1837 				optp += to->to_tfo_len;
1838 			}
1839 			optlen += total_len;
1840 			break;
1841 			}
1842 		default:
1843 			panic("%s: unknown TCP option type", __func__);
1844 			break;
1845 		}
1846 	}
1847 
1848 	/* Terminate and pad TCP options to a 4 byte boundary. */
1849 	if (optlen % 4) {
1850 		optlen += TCPOLEN_EOL;
1851 		*optp++ = TCPOPT_EOL;
1852 	}
1853 	/*
1854 	 * According to RFC 793 (STD0007):
1855 	 *   "The content of the header beyond the End-of-Option option
1856 	 *    must be header padding (i.e., zero)."
1857 	 *   and later: "The padding is composed of zeros."
1858 	 */
1859 	while (optlen % 4) {
1860 		optlen += TCPOLEN_PAD;
1861 		*optp++ = TCPOPT_PAD;
1862 	}
1863 
1864 	KASSERT(optlen <= TCP_MAXOLEN, ("%s: TCP options too long", __func__));
1865 	return (optlen);
1866 }
1867 
1868 /*
1869  * This is a copy of m_copym(), taking the TSO segment size/limit
1870  * constraints into account, and advancing the sndptr as it goes.
1871  */
1872 struct mbuf *
1873 tcp_m_copym(struct mbuf *m, int32_t off0, int32_t *plen,
1874     int32_t seglimit, int32_t segsize, struct sockbuf *sb)
1875 {
1876 	struct mbuf *n, **np;
1877 	struct mbuf *top;
1878 	int32_t off = off0;
1879 	int32_t len = *plen;
1880 	int32_t fragsize;
1881 	int32_t len_cp = 0;
1882 	int32_t *pkthdrlen;
1883 	uint32_t mlen, frags;
1884 	bool copyhdr;
1885 
1886 
1887 	KASSERT(off >= 0, ("tcp_m_copym, negative off %d", off));
1888 	KASSERT(len >= 0, ("tcp_m_copym, negative len %d", len));
1889 	if (off == 0 && m->m_flags & M_PKTHDR)
1890 		copyhdr = true;
1891 	else
1892 		copyhdr = false;
1893 	while (off > 0) {
1894 		KASSERT(m != NULL, ("tcp_m_copym, offset > size of mbuf chain"));
1895 		if (off < m->m_len)
1896 			break;
1897 		off -= m->m_len;
1898 		if ((sb) && (m == sb->sb_sndptr)) {
1899 			sb->sb_sndptroff += m->m_len;
1900 			sb->sb_sndptr = m->m_next;
1901 		}
1902 		m = m->m_next;
1903 	}
1904 	np = &top;
1905 	top = NULL;
1906 	pkthdrlen = NULL;
1907 	while (len > 0) {
1908 		if (m == NULL) {
1909 			KASSERT(len == M_COPYALL,
1910 			    ("tcp_m_copym, length > size of mbuf chain"));
1911 			*plen = len_cp;
1912 			if (pkthdrlen != NULL)
1913 				*pkthdrlen = len_cp;
1914 			break;
1915 		}
1916 		mlen = min(len, m->m_len - off);
1917 		if (seglimit) {
1918 			/*
1919 			 * For M_NOMAP mbufs, add 3 segments
1920 			 * + 1 in case we are crossing page boundaries
1921 			 * + 2 in case the TLS hdr/trailer are used
1922 			 * It is cheaper to just add the segments
1923 			 * than it is to take the cache miss to look
1924 			 * at the mbuf ext_pgs state in detail.
1925 			 */
1926 			if (m->m_flags & M_NOMAP) {
1927 				fragsize = min(segsize, PAGE_SIZE);
1928 				frags = 3;
1929 			} else {
1930 				fragsize = segsize;
1931 				frags = 0;
1932 			}
1933 
1934 			/* Break if we really can't fit anymore. */
1935 			if ((frags + 1) >= seglimit) {
1936 				*plen =	len_cp;
1937 				if (pkthdrlen != NULL)
1938 					*pkthdrlen = len_cp;
1939 				break;
1940 			}
1941 
1942 			/*
1943 			 * Reduce size if you can't copy the whole
1944 			 * mbuf. If we can't copy the whole mbuf, also
1945 			 * adjust len so the loop will end after this
1946 			 * mbuf.
1947 			 */
1948 			if ((frags + howmany(mlen, fragsize)) >= seglimit) {
1949 				mlen = (seglimit - frags - 1) * fragsize;
1950 				len = mlen;
1951 				*plen = len_cp + len;
1952 				if (pkthdrlen != NULL)
1953 					*pkthdrlen = *plen;
1954 			}
1955 			frags += howmany(mlen, fragsize);
1956 			if (frags == 0)
1957 				frags++;
1958 			seglimit -= frags;
1959 			KASSERT(seglimit > 0,
1960 			    ("%s: seglimit went too low", __func__));
1961 		}
1962 		if (copyhdr)
1963 			n = m_gethdr(M_NOWAIT, m->m_type);
1964 		else
1965 			n = m_get(M_NOWAIT, m->m_type);
1966 		*np = n;
1967 		if (n == NULL)
1968 			goto nospace;
1969 		if (copyhdr) {
1970 			if (!m_dup_pkthdr(n, m, M_NOWAIT))
1971 				goto nospace;
1972 			if (len == M_COPYALL)
1973 				n->m_pkthdr.len -= off0;
1974 			else
1975 				n->m_pkthdr.len = len;
1976 			pkthdrlen = &n->m_pkthdr.len;
1977 			copyhdr = false;
1978 		}
1979 		n->m_len = mlen;
1980 		len_cp += n->m_len;
1981 		if (m->m_flags & M_EXT) {
1982 			n->m_data = m->m_data + off;
1983 			mb_dupcl(n, m);
1984 		} else
1985 			bcopy(mtod(m, caddr_t)+off, mtod(n, caddr_t),
1986 			    (u_int)n->m_len);
1987 
1988 		if (sb && (sb->sb_sndptr == m) &&
1989 		    ((n->m_len + off) >= m->m_len) && m->m_next) {
1990 			sb->sb_sndptroff += m->m_len;
1991 			sb->sb_sndptr = m->m_next;
1992 		}
1993 		off = 0;
1994 		if (len != M_COPYALL) {
1995 			len -= n->m_len;
1996 		}
1997 		m = m->m_next;
1998 		np = &n->m_next;
1999 	}
2000 	return (top);
2001 nospace:
2002 	m_freem(top);
2003 	return (NULL);
2004 }
2005 
2006 void
2007 tcp_sndbuf_autoscale(struct tcpcb *tp, struct socket *so, uint32_t sendwin)
2008 {
2009 
2010 	/*
2011 	 * Automatic sizing of send socket buffer.  Often the send buffer
2012 	 * size is not optimally adjusted to the actual network conditions
2013 	 * at hand (delay bandwidth product).  Setting the buffer size too
2014 	 * small limits throughput on links with high bandwidth and high
2015 	 * delay (eg. trans-continental/oceanic links).  Setting the
2016 	 * buffer size too big consumes too much real kernel memory,
2017 	 * especially with many connections on busy servers.
2018 	 *
2019 	 * The criteria to step up the send buffer one notch are:
2020 	 *  1. receive window of remote host is larger than send buffer
2021 	 *     (with a fudge factor of 5/4th);
2022 	 *  2. send buffer is filled to 7/8th with data (so we actually
2023 	 *     have data to make use of it);
2024 	 *  3. send buffer fill has not hit maximal automatic size;
2025 	 *  4. our send window (slow start and cogestion controlled) is
2026 	 *     larger than sent but unacknowledged data in send buffer.
2027 	 *
2028 	 * The remote host receive window scaling factor may limit the
2029 	 * growing of the send buffer before it reaches its allowed
2030 	 * maximum.
2031 	 *
2032 	 * It scales directly with slow start or congestion window
2033 	 * and does at most one step per received ACK.  This fast
2034 	 * scaling has the drawback of growing the send buffer beyond
2035 	 * what is strictly necessary to make full use of a given
2036 	 * delay*bandwidth product.  However testing has shown this not
2037 	 * to be much of an problem.  At worst we are trading wasting
2038 	 * of available bandwidth (the non-use of it) for wasting some
2039 	 * socket buffer memory.
2040 	 *
2041 	 * TODO: Shrink send buffer during idle periods together
2042 	 * with congestion window.  Requires another timer.  Has to
2043 	 * wait for upcoming tcp timer rewrite.
2044 	 *
2045 	 * XXXGL: should there be used sbused() or sbavail()?
2046 	 */
2047 	if (V_tcp_do_autosndbuf && so->so_snd.sb_flags & SB_AUTOSIZE) {
2048 		int lowat;
2049 
2050 		lowat = V_tcp_sendbuf_auto_lowat ? so->so_snd.sb_lowat : 0;
2051 		if ((tp->snd_wnd / 4 * 5) >= so->so_snd.sb_hiwat - lowat &&
2052 		    sbused(&so->so_snd) >=
2053 		    (so->so_snd.sb_hiwat / 8 * 7) - lowat &&
2054 		    sbused(&so->so_snd) < V_tcp_autosndbuf_max &&
2055 		    sendwin >= (sbused(&so->so_snd) -
2056 		    (tp->snd_nxt - tp->snd_una))) {
2057 			if (!sbreserve_locked(&so->so_snd,
2058 			    min(so->so_snd.sb_hiwat + V_tcp_autosndbuf_inc,
2059 			     V_tcp_autosndbuf_max), so, curthread))
2060 				so->so_snd.sb_flags &= ~SB_AUTOSIZE;
2061 		}
2062 	}
2063 }
2064