xref: /freebsd/sys/netinet/tcp_output.c (revision bc3f5ec90bde2f3a5e4021d133c89793d68b8c73)
1 /*-
2  * Copyright (c) 1982, 1986, 1988, 1990, 1993, 1995
3  *	The Regents of the University of California.  All rights reserved.
4  *
5  * Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
6  * modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions
7  * are met:
8  * 1. Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright
9  *    notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
10  * 2. Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above copyright
11  *    notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer in the
12  *    documentation and/or other materials provided with the distribution.
13  * 4. Neither the name of the University nor the names of its contributors
14  *    may be used to endorse or promote products derived from this software
15  *    without specific prior written permission.
16  *
17  * THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE REGENTS AND CONTRIBUTORS ``AS IS'' AND
18  * ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, THE
19  * IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE
20  * ARE DISCLAIMED.  IN NO EVENT SHALL THE REGENTS OR CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE
21  * FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL, SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL
22  * DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS
23  * OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE, DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION)
24  * HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT
25  * LIABILITY, OR TORT (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY
26  * OUT OF THE USE OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF
27  * SUCH DAMAGE.
28  *
29  *	@(#)tcp_output.c	8.4 (Berkeley) 5/24/95
30  */
31 
32 #include <sys/cdefs.h>
33 __FBSDID("$FreeBSD$");
34 
35 #include "opt_inet.h"
36 #include "opt_inet6.h"
37 #include "opt_ipsec.h"
38 #include "opt_tcpdebug.h"
39 
40 #include <sys/param.h>
41 #include <sys/systm.h>
42 #include <sys/domain.h>
43 #include <sys/hhook.h>
44 #include <sys/kernel.h>
45 #include <sys/lock.h>
46 #include <sys/mbuf.h>
47 #include <sys/mutex.h>
48 #include <sys/protosw.h>
49 #include <sys/sdt.h>
50 #include <sys/socket.h>
51 #include <sys/socketvar.h>
52 #include <sys/sysctl.h>
53 
54 #include <net/if.h>
55 #include <net/route.h>
56 #include <net/vnet.h>
57 
58 #include <netinet/cc.h>
59 #include <netinet/in.h>
60 #include <netinet/in_kdtrace.h>
61 #include <netinet/in_systm.h>
62 #include <netinet/ip.h>
63 #include <netinet/in_pcb.h>
64 #include <netinet/ip_var.h>
65 #include <netinet/ip_options.h>
66 #ifdef INET6
67 #include <netinet6/in6_pcb.h>
68 #include <netinet/ip6.h>
69 #include <netinet6/ip6_var.h>
70 #endif
71 #define	TCPOUTFLAGS
72 #include <netinet/tcp_fsm.h>
73 #include <netinet/tcp_seq.h>
74 #include <netinet/tcp_timer.h>
75 #include <netinet/tcp_var.h>
76 #include <netinet/tcpip.h>
77 #ifdef TCPDEBUG
78 #include <netinet/tcp_debug.h>
79 #endif
80 #ifdef TCP_OFFLOAD
81 #include <netinet/tcp_offload.h>
82 #endif
83 
84 #ifdef IPSEC
85 #include <netipsec/ipsec.h>
86 #endif /*IPSEC*/
87 
88 #include <machine/in_cksum.h>
89 
90 #include <security/mac/mac_framework.h>
91 
92 VNET_DEFINE(int, path_mtu_discovery) = 1;
93 SYSCTL_VNET_INT(_net_inet_tcp, OID_AUTO, path_mtu_discovery, CTLFLAG_RW,
94 	&VNET_NAME(path_mtu_discovery), 1,
95 	"Enable Path MTU Discovery");
96 
97 VNET_DEFINE(int, tcp_do_tso) = 1;
98 #define	V_tcp_do_tso		VNET(tcp_do_tso)
99 SYSCTL_VNET_INT(_net_inet_tcp, OID_AUTO, tso, CTLFLAG_RW,
100 	&VNET_NAME(tcp_do_tso), 0,
101 	"Enable TCP Segmentation Offload");
102 
103 VNET_DEFINE(int, tcp_sendspace) = 1024*32;
104 #define	V_tcp_sendspace	VNET(tcp_sendspace)
105 SYSCTL_VNET_INT(_net_inet_tcp, TCPCTL_SENDSPACE, sendspace, CTLFLAG_RW,
106 	&VNET_NAME(tcp_sendspace), 0, "Initial send socket buffer size");
107 
108 VNET_DEFINE(int, tcp_do_autosndbuf) = 1;
109 #define	V_tcp_do_autosndbuf	VNET(tcp_do_autosndbuf)
110 SYSCTL_VNET_INT(_net_inet_tcp, OID_AUTO, sendbuf_auto, CTLFLAG_RW,
111 	&VNET_NAME(tcp_do_autosndbuf), 0,
112 	"Enable automatic send buffer sizing");
113 
114 VNET_DEFINE(int, tcp_autosndbuf_inc) = 8*1024;
115 #define	V_tcp_autosndbuf_inc	VNET(tcp_autosndbuf_inc)
116 SYSCTL_VNET_INT(_net_inet_tcp, OID_AUTO, sendbuf_inc, CTLFLAG_RW,
117 	&VNET_NAME(tcp_autosndbuf_inc), 0,
118 	"Incrementor step size of automatic send buffer");
119 
120 VNET_DEFINE(int, tcp_autosndbuf_max) = 2*1024*1024;
121 #define	V_tcp_autosndbuf_max	VNET(tcp_autosndbuf_max)
122 SYSCTL_VNET_INT(_net_inet_tcp, OID_AUTO, sendbuf_max, CTLFLAG_RW,
123 	&VNET_NAME(tcp_autosndbuf_max), 0,
124 	"Max size of automatic send buffer");
125 
126 static void inline	hhook_run_tcp_est_out(struct tcpcb *tp,
127 			    struct tcphdr *th, struct tcpopt *to,
128 			    long len, int tso);
129 static void inline	cc_after_idle(struct tcpcb *tp);
130 
131 /*
132  * Wrapper for the TCP established output helper hook.
133  */
134 static void inline
135 hhook_run_tcp_est_out(struct tcpcb *tp, struct tcphdr *th,
136     struct tcpopt *to, long len, int tso)
137 {
138 	struct tcp_hhook_data hhook_data;
139 
140 	if (V_tcp_hhh[HHOOK_TCP_EST_OUT]->hhh_nhooks > 0) {
141 		hhook_data.tp = tp;
142 		hhook_data.th = th;
143 		hhook_data.to = to;
144 		hhook_data.len = len;
145 		hhook_data.tso = tso;
146 
147 		hhook_run_hooks(V_tcp_hhh[HHOOK_TCP_EST_OUT], &hhook_data,
148 		    tp->osd);
149 	}
150 }
151 
152 /*
153  * CC wrapper hook functions
154  */
155 static void inline
156 cc_after_idle(struct tcpcb *tp)
157 {
158 	INP_WLOCK_ASSERT(tp->t_inpcb);
159 
160 	if (CC_ALGO(tp)->after_idle != NULL)
161 		CC_ALGO(tp)->after_idle(tp->ccv);
162 }
163 
164 /*
165  * Tcp output routine: figure out what should be sent and send it.
166  */
167 int
168 tcp_output(struct tcpcb *tp)
169 {
170 	struct socket *so = tp->t_inpcb->inp_socket;
171 	long len, recwin, sendwin;
172 	int off, flags, error = 0;	/* Keep compiler happy */
173 	struct mbuf *m;
174 	struct ip *ip = NULL;
175 	struct ipovly *ipov = NULL;
176 	struct tcphdr *th;
177 	u_char opt[TCP_MAXOLEN];
178 	unsigned ipoptlen, optlen, hdrlen;
179 #ifdef IPSEC
180 	unsigned ipsec_optlen = 0;
181 #endif
182 	int idle, sendalot;
183 	int sack_rxmit, sack_bytes_rxmt;
184 	struct sackhole *p;
185 	int tso, mtu;
186 	struct tcpopt to;
187 #if 0
188 	int maxburst = TCP_MAXBURST;
189 #endif
190 #ifdef INET6
191 	struct ip6_hdr *ip6 = NULL;
192 	int isipv6;
193 
194 	isipv6 = (tp->t_inpcb->inp_vflag & INP_IPV6) != 0;
195 #endif
196 
197 	INP_WLOCK_ASSERT(tp->t_inpcb);
198 
199 #ifdef TCP_OFFLOAD
200 	if (tp->t_flags & TF_TOE)
201 		return (tcp_offload_output(tp));
202 #endif
203 
204 	/*
205 	 * Determine length of data that should be transmitted,
206 	 * and flags that will be used.
207 	 * If there is some data or critical controls (SYN, RST)
208 	 * to send, then transmit; otherwise, investigate further.
209 	 */
210 	idle = (tp->t_flags & TF_LASTIDLE) || (tp->snd_max == tp->snd_una);
211 	if (idle && ticks - tp->t_rcvtime >= tp->t_rxtcur)
212 		cc_after_idle(tp);
213 	tp->t_flags &= ~TF_LASTIDLE;
214 	if (idle) {
215 		if (tp->t_flags & TF_MORETOCOME) {
216 			tp->t_flags |= TF_LASTIDLE;
217 			idle = 0;
218 		}
219 	}
220 again:
221 	/*
222 	 * If we've recently taken a timeout, snd_max will be greater than
223 	 * snd_nxt.  There may be SACK information that allows us to avoid
224 	 * resending already delivered data.  Adjust snd_nxt accordingly.
225 	 */
226 	if ((tp->t_flags & TF_SACK_PERMIT) &&
227 	    SEQ_LT(tp->snd_nxt, tp->snd_max))
228 		tcp_sack_adjust(tp);
229 	sendalot = 0;
230 	tso = 0;
231 	mtu = 0;
232 	off = tp->snd_nxt - tp->snd_una;
233 	sendwin = min(tp->snd_wnd, tp->snd_cwnd);
234 
235 	flags = tcp_outflags[tp->t_state];
236 	/*
237 	 * Send any SACK-generated retransmissions.  If we're explicitly trying
238 	 * to send out new data (when sendalot is 1), bypass this function.
239 	 * If we retransmit in fast recovery mode, decrement snd_cwnd, since
240 	 * we're replacing a (future) new transmission with a retransmission
241 	 * now, and we previously incremented snd_cwnd in tcp_input().
242 	 */
243 	/*
244 	 * Still in sack recovery , reset rxmit flag to zero.
245 	 */
246 	sack_rxmit = 0;
247 	sack_bytes_rxmt = 0;
248 	len = 0;
249 	p = NULL;
250 	if ((tp->t_flags & TF_SACK_PERMIT) && IN_FASTRECOVERY(tp->t_flags) &&
251 	    (p = tcp_sack_output(tp, &sack_bytes_rxmt))) {
252 		long cwin;
253 
254 		cwin = min(tp->snd_wnd, tp->snd_cwnd) - sack_bytes_rxmt;
255 		if (cwin < 0)
256 			cwin = 0;
257 		/* Do not retransmit SACK segments beyond snd_recover */
258 		if (SEQ_GT(p->end, tp->snd_recover)) {
259 			/*
260 			 * (At least) part of sack hole extends beyond
261 			 * snd_recover. Check to see if we can rexmit data
262 			 * for this hole.
263 			 */
264 			if (SEQ_GEQ(p->rxmit, tp->snd_recover)) {
265 				/*
266 				 * Can't rexmit any more data for this hole.
267 				 * That data will be rexmitted in the next
268 				 * sack recovery episode, when snd_recover
269 				 * moves past p->rxmit.
270 				 */
271 				p = NULL;
272 				goto after_sack_rexmit;
273 			} else
274 				/* Can rexmit part of the current hole */
275 				len = ((long)ulmin(cwin,
276 						   tp->snd_recover - p->rxmit));
277 		} else
278 			len = ((long)ulmin(cwin, p->end - p->rxmit));
279 		off = p->rxmit - tp->snd_una;
280 		KASSERT(off >= 0,("%s: sack block to the left of una : %d",
281 		    __func__, off));
282 		if (len > 0) {
283 			sack_rxmit = 1;
284 			sendalot = 1;
285 			TCPSTAT_INC(tcps_sack_rexmits);
286 			TCPSTAT_ADD(tcps_sack_rexmit_bytes,
287 			    min(len, tp->t_maxseg));
288 		}
289 	}
290 after_sack_rexmit:
291 	/*
292 	 * Get standard flags, and add SYN or FIN if requested by 'hidden'
293 	 * state flags.
294 	 */
295 	if (tp->t_flags & TF_NEEDFIN)
296 		flags |= TH_FIN;
297 	if (tp->t_flags & TF_NEEDSYN)
298 		flags |= TH_SYN;
299 
300 	SOCKBUF_LOCK(&so->so_snd);
301 	/*
302 	 * If in persist timeout with window of 0, send 1 byte.
303 	 * Otherwise, if window is small but nonzero
304 	 * and timer expired, we will send what we can
305 	 * and go to transmit state.
306 	 */
307 	if (tp->t_flags & TF_FORCEDATA) {
308 		if (sendwin == 0) {
309 			/*
310 			 * If we still have some data to send, then
311 			 * clear the FIN bit.  Usually this would
312 			 * happen below when it realizes that we
313 			 * aren't sending all the data.  However,
314 			 * if we have exactly 1 byte of unsent data,
315 			 * then it won't clear the FIN bit below,
316 			 * and if we are in persist state, we wind
317 			 * up sending the packet without recording
318 			 * that we sent the FIN bit.
319 			 *
320 			 * We can't just blindly clear the FIN bit,
321 			 * because if we don't have any more data
322 			 * to send then the probe will be the FIN
323 			 * itself.
324 			 */
325 			if (off < so->so_snd.sb_cc)
326 				flags &= ~TH_FIN;
327 			sendwin = 1;
328 		} else {
329 			tcp_timer_activate(tp, TT_PERSIST, 0);
330 			tp->t_rxtshift = 0;
331 		}
332 	}
333 
334 	/*
335 	 * If snd_nxt == snd_max and we have transmitted a FIN, the
336 	 * offset will be > 0 even if so_snd.sb_cc is 0, resulting in
337 	 * a negative length.  This can also occur when TCP opens up
338 	 * its congestion window while receiving additional duplicate
339 	 * acks after fast-retransmit because TCP will reset snd_nxt
340 	 * to snd_max after the fast-retransmit.
341 	 *
342 	 * In the normal retransmit-FIN-only case, however, snd_nxt will
343 	 * be set to snd_una, the offset will be 0, and the length may
344 	 * wind up 0.
345 	 *
346 	 * If sack_rxmit is true we are retransmitting from the scoreboard
347 	 * in which case len is already set.
348 	 */
349 	if (sack_rxmit == 0) {
350 		if (sack_bytes_rxmt == 0)
351 			len = ((long)ulmin(so->so_snd.sb_cc, sendwin) - off);
352 		else {
353 			long cwin;
354 
355                         /*
356 			 * We are inside of a SACK recovery episode and are
357 			 * sending new data, having retransmitted all the
358 			 * data possible in the scoreboard.
359 			 */
360 			len = ((long)ulmin(so->so_snd.sb_cc, tp->snd_wnd)
361 			       - off);
362 			/*
363 			 * Don't remove this (len > 0) check !
364 			 * We explicitly check for len > 0 here (although it
365 			 * isn't really necessary), to work around a gcc
366 			 * optimization issue - to force gcc to compute
367 			 * len above. Without this check, the computation
368 			 * of len is bungled by the optimizer.
369 			 */
370 			if (len > 0) {
371 				cwin = tp->snd_cwnd -
372 					(tp->snd_nxt - tp->sack_newdata) -
373 					sack_bytes_rxmt;
374 				if (cwin < 0)
375 					cwin = 0;
376 				len = lmin(len, cwin);
377 			}
378 		}
379 	}
380 
381 	/*
382 	 * Lop off SYN bit if it has already been sent.  However, if this
383 	 * is SYN-SENT state and if segment contains data and if we don't
384 	 * know that foreign host supports TAO, suppress sending segment.
385 	 */
386 	if ((flags & TH_SYN) && SEQ_GT(tp->snd_nxt, tp->snd_una)) {
387 		if (tp->t_state != TCPS_SYN_RECEIVED)
388 			flags &= ~TH_SYN;
389 		off--, len++;
390 	}
391 
392 	/*
393 	 * Be careful not to send data and/or FIN on SYN segments.
394 	 * This measure is needed to prevent interoperability problems
395 	 * with not fully conformant TCP implementations.
396 	 */
397 	if ((flags & TH_SYN) && (tp->t_flags & TF_NOOPT)) {
398 		len = 0;
399 		flags &= ~TH_FIN;
400 	}
401 
402 	if (len < 0) {
403 		/*
404 		 * If FIN has been sent but not acked,
405 		 * but we haven't been called to retransmit,
406 		 * len will be < 0.  Otherwise, window shrank
407 		 * after we sent into it.  If window shrank to 0,
408 		 * cancel pending retransmit, pull snd_nxt back
409 		 * to (closed) window, and set the persist timer
410 		 * if it isn't already going.  If the window didn't
411 		 * close completely, just wait for an ACK.
412 		 */
413 		len = 0;
414 		if (sendwin == 0) {
415 			tcp_timer_activate(tp, TT_REXMT, 0);
416 			tp->t_rxtshift = 0;
417 			tp->snd_nxt = tp->snd_una;
418 			if (!tcp_timer_active(tp, TT_PERSIST))
419 				tcp_setpersist(tp);
420 		}
421 	}
422 
423 	/* len will be >= 0 after this point. */
424 	KASSERT(len >= 0, ("[%s:%d]: len < 0", __func__, __LINE__));
425 
426 	/*
427 	 * Automatic sizing of send socket buffer.  Often the send buffer
428 	 * size is not optimally adjusted to the actual network conditions
429 	 * at hand (delay bandwidth product).  Setting the buffer size too
430 	 * small limits throughput on links with high bandwidth and high
431 	 * delay (eg. trans-continental/oceanic links).  Setting the
432 	 * buffer size too big consumes too much real kernel memory,
433 	 * especially with many connections on busy servers.
434 	 *
435 	 * The criteria to step up the send buffer one notch are:
436 	 *  1. receive window of remote host is larger than send buffer
437 	 *     (with a fudge factor of 5/4th);
438 	 *  2. send buffer is filled to 7/8th with data (so we actually
439 	 *     have data to make use of it);
440 	 *  3. send buffer fill has not hit maximal automatic size;
441 	 *  4. our send window (slow start and cogestion controlled) is
442 	 *     larger than sent but unacknowledged data in send buffer.
443 	 *
444 	 * The remote host receive window scaling factor may limit the
445 	 * growing of the send buffer before it reaches its allowed
446 	 * maximum.
447 	 *
448 	 * It scales directly with slow start or congestion window
449 	 * and does at most one step per received ACK.  This fast
450 	 * scaling has the drawback of growing the send buffer beyond
451 	 * what is strictly necessary to make full use of a given
452 	 * delay*bandwith product.  However testing has shown this not
453 	 * to be much of an problem.  At worst we are trading wasting
454 	 * of available bandwith (the non-use of it) for wasting some
455 	 * socket buffer memory.
456 	 *
457 	 * TODO: Shrink send buffer during idle periods together
458 	 * with congestion window.  Requires another timer.  Has to
459 	 * wait for upcoming tcp timer rewrite.
460 	 */
461 	if (V_tcp_do_autosndbuf && so->so_snd.sb_flags & SB_AUTOSIZE) {
462 		if ((tp->snd_wnd / 4 * 5) >= so->so_snd.sb_hiwat &&
463 		    so->so_snd.sb_cc >= (so->so_snd.sb_hiwat / 8 * 7) &&
464 		    so->so_snd.sb_cc < V_tcp_autosndbuf_max &&
465 		    sendwin >= (so->so_snd.sb_cc - (tp->snd_nxt - tp->snd_una))) {
466 			if (!sbreserve_locked(&so->so_snd,
467 			    min(so->so_snd.sb_hiwat + V_tcp_autosndbuf_inc,
468 			     V_tcp_autosndbuf_max), so, curthread))
469 				so->so_snd.sb_flags &= ~SB_AUTOSIZE;
470 		}
471 	}
472 
473 	/*
474 	 * Decide if we can use TCP Segmentation Offloading (if supported by
475 	 * hardware).
476 	 *
477 	 * TSO may only be used if we are in a pure bulk sending state.  The
478 	 * presence of TCP-MD5, SACK retransmits, SACK advertizements and
479 	 * IP options prevent using TSO.  With TSO the TCP header is the same
480 	 * (except for the sequence number) for all generated packets.  This
481 	 * makes it impossible to transmit any options which vary per generated
482 	 * segment or packet.
483 	 */
484 #ifdef IPSEC
485 	/*
486 	 * Pre-calculate here as we save another lookup into the darknesses
487 	 * of IPsec that way and can actually decide if TSO is ok.
488 	 */
489 	ipsec_optlen = ipsec_hdrsiz_tcp(tp);
490 #endif
491 	if ((tp->t_flags & TF_TSO) && V_tcp_do_tso && len > tp->t_maxseg &&
492 	    ((tp->t_flags & TF_SIGNATURE) == 0) &&
493 	    tp->rcv_numsacks == 0 && sack_rxmit == 0 &&
494 #ifdef IPSEC
495 	    ipsec_optlen == 0 &&
496 #endif
497 	    tp->t_inpcb->inp_options == NULL &&
498 	    tp->t_inpcb->in6p_options == NULL)
499 		tso = 1;
500 
501 	if (sack_rxmit) {
502 		if (SEQ_LT(p->rxmit + len, tp->snd_una + so->so_snd.sb_cc))
503 			flags &= ~TH_FIN;
504 	} else {
505 		if (SEQ_LT(tp->snd_nxt + len, tp->snd_una + so->so_snd.sb_cc))
506 			flags &= ~TH_FIN;
507 	}
508 
509 	recwin = sbspace(&so->so_rcv);
510 
511 	/*
512 	 * Sender silly window avoidance.   We transmit under the following
513 	 * conditions when len is non-zero:
514 	 *
515 	 *	- We have a full segment (or more with TSO)
516 	 *	- This is the last buffer in a write()/send() and we are
517 	 *	  either idle or running NODELAY
518 	 *	- we've timed out (e.g. persist timer)
519 	 *	- we have more then 1/2 the maximum send window's worth of
520 	 *	  data (receiver may be limited the window size)
521 	 *	- we need to retransmit
522 	 */
523 	if (len) {
524 		if (len >= tp->t_maxseg)
525 			goto send;
526 		/*
527 		 * NOTE! on localhost connections an 'ack' from the remote
528 		 * end may occur synchronously with the output and cause
529 		 * us to flush a buffer queued with moretocome.  XXX
530 		 *
531 		 * note: the len + off check is almost certainly unnecessary.
532 		 */
533 		if (!(tp->t_flags & TF_MORETOCOME) &&	/* normal case */
534 		    (idle || (tp->t_flags & TF_NODELAY)) &&
535 		    len + off >= so->so_snd.sb_cc &&
536 		    (tp->t_flags & TF_NOPUSH) == 0) {
537 			goto send;
538 		}
539 		if (tp->t_flags & TF_FORCEDATA)		/* typ. timeout case */
540 			goto send;
541 		if (len >= tp->max_sndwnd / 2 && tp->max_sndwnd > 0)
542 			goto send;
543 		if (SEQ_LT(tp->snd_nxt, tp->snd_max))	/* retransmit case */
544 			goto send;
545 		if (sack_rxmit)
546 			goto send;
547 	}
548 
549 	/*
550 	 * Sending of standalone window updates.
551 	 *
552 	 * Window updates are important when we close our window due to a
553 	 * full socket buffer and are opening it again after the application
554 	 * reads data from it.  Once the window has opened again and the
555 	 * remote end starts to send again the ACK clock takes over and
556 	 * provides the most current window information.
557 	 *
558 	 * We must avoid the silly window syndrome whereas every read
559 	 * from the receive buffer, no matter how small, causes a window
560 	 * update to be sent.  We also should avoid sending a flurry of
561 	 * window updates when the socket buffer had queued a lot of data
562 	 * and the application is doing small reads.
563 	 *
564 	 * Prevent a flurry of pointless window updates by only sending
565 	 * an update when we can increase the advertized window by more
566 	 * than 1/4th of the socket buffer capacity.  When the buffer is
567 	 * getting full or is very small be more aggressive and send an
568 	 * update whenever we can increase by two mss sized segments.
569 	 * In all other situations the ACK's to new incoming data will
570 	 * carry further window increases.
571 	 *
572 	 * Don't send an independent window update if a delayed
573 	 * ACK is pending (it will get piggy-backed on it) or the
574 	 * remote side already has done a half-close and won't send
575 	 * more data.  Skip this if the connection is in T/TCP
576 	 * half-open state.
577 	 */
578 	if (recwin > 0 && !(tp->t_flags & TF_NEEDSYN) &&
579 	    !(tp->t_flags & TF_DELACK) &&
580 	    !TCPS_HAVERCVDFIN(tp->t_state)) {
581 		/*
582 		 * "adv" is the amount we could increase the window,
583 		 * taking into account that we are limited by
584 		 * TCP_MAXWIN << tp->rcv_scale.
585 		 */
586 		long adv;
587 		int oldwin;
588 
589 		adv = min(recwin, (long)TCP_MAXWIN << tp->rcv_scale);
590 		if (SEQ_GT(tp->rcv_adv, tp->rcv_nxt)) {
591 			oldwin = (tp->rcv_adv - tp->rcv_nxt);
592 			adv -= oldwin;
593 		} else
594 			oldwin = 0;
595 
596 		/*
597 		 * If the new window size ends up being the same as the old
598 		 * size when it is scaled, then don't force a window update.
599 		 */
600 		if (oldwin >> tp->rcv_scale == (adv + oldwin) >> tp->rcv_scale)
601 			goto dontupdate;
602 
603 		if (adv >= (long)(2 * tp->t_maxseg) &&
604 		    (adv >= (long)(so->so_rcv.sb_hiwat / 4) ||
605 		     recwin <= (long)(so->so_rcv.sb_hiwat / 8) ||
606 		     so->so_rcv.sb_hiwat <= 8 * tp->t_maxseg))
607 			goto send;
608 	}
609 dontupdate:
610 
611 	/*
612 	 * Send if we owe the peer an ACK, RST, SYN, or urgent data.  ACKNOW
613 	 * is also a catch-all for the retransmit timer timeout case.
614 	 */
615 	if (tp->t_flags & TF_ACKNOW)
616 		goto send;
617 	if ((flags & TH_RST) ||
618 	    ((flags & TH_SYN) && (tp->t_flags & TF_NEEDSYN) == 0))
619 		goto send;
620 	if (SEQ_GT(tp->snd_up, tp->snd_una))
621 		goto send;
622 	/*
623 	 * If our state indicates that FIN should be sent
624 	 * and we have not yet done so, then we need to send.
625 	 */
626 	if (flags & TH_FIN &&
627 	    ((tp->t_flags & TF_SENTFIN) == 0 || tp->snd_nxt == tp->snd_una))
628 		goto send;
629 	/*
630 	 * In SACK, it is possible for tcp_output to fail to send a segment
631 	 * after the retransmission timer has been turned off.  Make sure
632 	 * that the retransmission timer is set.
633 	 */
634 	if ((tp->t_flags & TF_SACK_PERMIT) &&
635 	    SEQ_GT(tp->snd_max, tp->snd_una) &&
636 	    !tcp_timer_active(tp, TT_REXMT) &&
637 	    !tcp_timer_active(tp, TT_PERSIST)) {
638 		tcp_timer_activate(tp, TT_REXMT, tp->t_rxtcur);
639 		goto just_return;
640 	}
641 	/*
642 	 * TCP window updates are not reliable, rather a polling protocol
643 	 * using ``persist'' packets is used to insure receipt of window
644 	 * updates.  The three ``states'' for the output side are:
645 	 *	idle			not doing retransmits or persists
646 	 *	persisting		to move a small or zero window
647 	 *	(re)transmitting	and thereby not persisting
648 	 *
649 	 * tcp_timer_active(tp, TT_PERSIST)
650 	 *	is true when we are in persist state.
651 	 * (tp->t_flags & TF_FORCEDATA)
652 	 *	is set when we are called to send a persist packet.
653 	 * tcp_timer_active(tp, TT_REXMT)
654 	 *	is set when we are retransmitting
655 	 * The output side is idle when both timers are zero.
656 	 *
657 	 * If send window is too small, there is data to transmit, and no
658 	 * retransmit or persist is pending, then go to persist state.
659 	 * If nothing happens soon, send when timer expires:
660 	 * if window is nonzero, transmit what we can,
661 	 * otherwise force out a byte.
662 	 */
663 	if (so->so_snd.sb_cc && !tcp_timer_active(tp, TT_REXMT) &&
664 	    !tcp_timer_active(tp, TT_PERSIST)) {
665 		tp->t_rxtshift = 0;
666 		tcp_setpersist(tp);
667 	}
668 
669 	/*
670 	 * No reason to send a segment, just return.
671 	 */
672 just_return:
673 	SOCKBUF_UNLOCK(&so->so_snd);
674 	return (0);
675 
676 send:
677 	SOCKBUF_LOCK_ASSERT(&so->so_snd);
678 	/*
679 	 * Before ESTABLISHED, force sending of initial options
680 	 * unless TCP set not to do any options.
681 	 * NOTE: we assume that the IP/TCP header plus TCP options
682 	 * always fit in a single mbuf, leaving room for a maximum
683 	 * link header, i.e.
684 	 *	max_linkhdr + sizeof (struct tcpiphdr) + optlen <= MCLBYTES
685 	 */
686 	optlen = 0;
687 #ifdef INET6
688 	if (isipv6)
689 		hdrlen = sizeof (struct ip6_hdr) + sizeof (struct tcphdr);
690 	else
691 #endif
692 		hdrlen = sizeof (struct tcpiphdr);
693 
694 	/*
695 	 * Compute options for segment.
696 	 * We only have to care about SYN and established connection
697 	 * segments.  Options for SYN-ACK segments are handled in TCP
698 	 * syncache.
699 	 */
700 	if ((tp->t_flags & TF_NOOPT) == 0) {
701 		to.to_flags = 0;
702 		/* Maximum segment size. */
703 		if (flags & TH_SYN) {
704 			tp->snd_nxt = tp->iss;
705 			to.to_mss = tcp_mssopt(&tp->t_inpcb->inp_inc);
706 			to.to_flags |= TOF_MSS;
707 		}
708 		/* Window scaling. */
709 		if ((flags & TH_SYN) && (tp->t_flags & TF_REQ_SCALE)) {
710 			to.to_wscale = tp->request_r_scale;
711 			to.to_flags |= TOF_SCALE;
712 		}
713 		/* Timestamps. */
714 		if ((tp->t_flags & TF_RCVD_TSTMP) ||
715 		    ((flags & TH_SYN) && (tp->t_flags & TF_REQ_TSTMP))) {
716 			to.to_tsval = tcp_ts_getticks() + tp->ts_offset;
717 			to.to_tsecr = tp->ts_recent;
718 			to.to_flags |= TOF_TS;
719 			/* Set receive buffer autosizing timestamp. */
720 			if (tp->rfbuf_ts == 0 &&
721 			    (so->so_rcv.sb_flags & SB_AUTOSIZE))
722 				tp->rfbuf_ts = tcp_ts_getticks();
723 		}
724 		/* Selective ACK's. */
725 		if (tp->t_flags & TF_SACK_PERMIT) {
726 			if (flags & TH_SYN)
727 				to.to_flags |= TOF_SACKPERM;
728 			else if (TCPS_HAVEESTABLISHED(tp->t_state) &&
729 			    (tp->t_flags & TF_SACK_PERMIT) &&
730 			    tp->rcv_numsacks > 0) {
731 				to.to_flags |= TOF_SACK;
732 				to.to_nsacks = tp->rcv_numsacks;
733 				to.to_sacks = (u_char *)tp->sackblks;
734 			}
735 		}
736 #ifdef TCP_SIGNATURE
737 		/* TCP-MD5 (RFC2385). */
738 		if (tp->t_flags & TF_SIGNATURE)
739 			to.to_flags |= TOF_SIGNATURE;
740 #endif /* TCP_SIGNATURE */
741 
742 		/* Processing the options. */
743 		hdrlen += optlen = tcp_addoptions(&to, opt);
744 	}
745 
746 #ifdef INET6
747 	if (isipv6)
748 		ipoptlen = ip6_optlen(tp->t_inpcb);
749 	else
750 #endif
751 	if (tp->t_inpcb->inp_options)
752 		ipoptlen = tp->t_inpcb->inp_options->m_len -
753 				offsetof(struct ipoption, ipopt_list);
754 	else
755 		ipoptlen = 0;
756 #ifdef IPSEC
757 	ipoptlen += ipsec_optlen;
758 #endif
759 
760 	/*
761 	 * Adjust data length if insertion of options will
762 	 * bump the packet length beyond the t_maxopd length.
763 	 * Clear the FIN bit because we cut off the tail of
764 	 * the segment.
765 	 */
766 	if (len + optlen + ipoptlen > tp->t_maxopd) {
767 		flags &= ~TH_FIN;
768 
769 		if (tso) {
770 			KASSERT(ipoptlen == 0,
771 			    ("%s: TSO can't do IP options", __func__));
772 
773 			/*
774 			 * Limit a burst to t_tsomax minus IP,
775 			 * TCP and options length to keep ip->ip_len
776 			 * from overflowing or exceeding the maximum
777 			 * length allowed by the network interface.
778 			 */
779 			if (len > tp->t_tsomax - hdrlen) {
780 				len = tp->t_tsomax - hdrlen;
781 				sendalot = 1;
782 			}
783 
784 			/*
785 			 * Prevent the last segment from being
786 			 * fractional unless the send sockbuf can
787 			 * be emptied.
788 			 */
789 			if (sendalot && off + len < so->so_snd.sb_cc) {
790 				len -= len % (tp->t_maxopd - optlen);
791 				sendalot = 1;
792 			}
793 
794 			/*
795 			 * Send the FIN in a separate segment
796 			 * after the bulk sending is done.
797 			 * We don't trust the TSO implementations
798 			 * to clear the FIN flag on all but the
799 			 * last segment.
800 			 */
801 			if (tp->t_flags & TF_NEEDFIN)
802 				sendalot = 1;
803 
804 		} else {
805 			len = tp->t_maxopd - optlen - ipoptlen;
806 			sendalot = 1;
807 		}
808 	} else
809 		tso = 0;
810 
811 	KASSERT(len + hdrlen + ipoptlen <= IP_MAXPACKET,
812 	    ("%s: len > IP_MAXPACKET", __func__));
813 
814 /*#ifdef DIAGNOSTIC*/
815 #ifdef INET6
816 	if (max_linkhdr + hdrlen > MCLBYTES)
817 #else
818 	if (max_linkhdr + hdrlen > MHLEN)
819 #endif
820 		panic("tcphdr too big");
821 /*#endif*/
822 
823 	/*
824 	 * This KASSERT is here to catch edge cases at a well defined place.
825 	 * Before, those had triggered (random) panic conditions further down.
826 	 */
827 	KASSERT(len >= 0, ("[%s:%d]: len < 0", __func__, __LINE__));
828 
829 	/*
830 	 * Grab a header mbuf, attaching a copy of data to
831 	 * be transmitted, and initialize the header from
832 	 * the template for sends on this connection.
833 	 */
834 	if (len) {
835 		struct mbuf *mb;
836 		u_int moff;
837 
838 		if ((tp->t_flags & TF_FORCEDATA) && len == 1)
839 			TCPSTAT_INC(tcps_sndprobe);
840 		else if (SEQ_LT(tp->snd_nxt, tp->snd_max) || sack_rxmit) {
841 			tp->t_sndrexmitpack++;
842 			TCPSTAT_INC(tcps_sndrexmitpack);
843 			TCPSTAT_ADD(tcps_sndrexmitbyte, len);
844 		} else {
845 			TCPSTAT_INC(tcps_sndpack);
846 			TCPSTAT_ADD(tcps_sndbyte, len);
847 		}
848 #ifdef INET6
849 		if (MHLEN < hdrlen + max_linkhdr)
850 			m = m_getcl(M_NOWAIT, MT_DATA, M_PKTHDR);
851 		else
852 #endif
853 			m = m_gethdr(M_NOWAIT, MT_DATA);
854 
855 		if (m == NULL) {
856 			SOCKBUF_UNLOCK(&so->so_snd);
857 			error = ENOBUFS;
858 			sack_rxmit = 0;
859 			goto out;
860 		}
861 
862 		m->m_data += max_linkhdr;
863 		m->m_len = hdrlen;
864 
865 		/*
866 		 * Start the m_copy functions from the closest mbuf
867 		 * to the offset in the socket buffer chain.
868 		 */
869 		mb = sbsndptr(&so->so_snd, off, len, &moff);
870 
871 		if (len <= MHLEN - hdrlen - max_linkhdr) {
872 			m_copydata(mb, moff, (int)len,
873 			    mtod(m, caddr_t) + hdrlen);
874 			m->m_len += len;
875 		} else {
876 			m->m_next = m_copy(mb, moff, (int)len);
877 			if (m->m_next == NULL) {
878 				SOCKBUF_UNLOCK(&so->so_snd);
879 				(void) m_free(m);
880 				error = ENOBUFS;
881 				sack_rxmit = 0;
882 				goto out;
883 			}
884 		}
885 
886 		/*
887 		 * If we're sending everything we've got, set PUSH.
888 		 * (This will keep happy those implementations which only
889 		 * give data to the user when a buffer fills or
890 		 * a PUSH comes in.)
891 		 */
892 		if (off + len == so->so_snd.sb_cc)
893 			flags |= TH_PUSH;
894 		SOCKBUF_UNLOCK(&so->so_snd);
895 	} else {
896 		SOCKBUF_UNLOCK(&so->so_snd);
897 		if (tp->t_flags & TF_ACKNOW)
898 			TCPSTAT_INC(tcps_sndacks);
899 		else if (flags & (TH_SYN|TH_FIN|TH_RST))
900 			TCPSTAT_INC(tcps_sndctrl);
901 		else if (SEQ_GT(tp->snd_up, tp->snd_una))
902 			TCPSTAT_INC(tcps_sndurg);
903 		else
904 			TCPSTAT_INC(tcps_sndwinup);
905 
906 		m = m_gethdr(M_NOWAIT, MT_DATA);
907 		if (m == NULL) {
908 			error = ENOBUFS;
909 			sack_rxmit = 0;
910 			goto out;
911 		}
912 #ifdef INET6
913 		if (isipv6 && (MHLEN < hdrlen + max_linkhdr) &&
914 		    MHLEN >= hdrlen) {
915 			MH_ALIGN(m, hdrlen);
916 		} else
917 #endif
918 		m->m_data += max_linkhdr;
919 		m->m_len = hdrlen;
920 	}
921 	SOCKBUF_UNLOCK_ASSERT(&so->so_snd);
922 	m->m_pkthdr.rcvif = (struct ifnet *)0;
923 #ifdef MAC
924 	mac_inpcb_create_mbuf(tp->t_inpcb, m);
925 #endif
926 #ifdef INET6
927 	if (isipv6) {
928 		ip6 = mtod(m, struct ip6_hdr *);
929 		th = (struct tcphdr *)(ip6 + 1);
930 		tcpip_fillheaders(tp->t_inpcb, ip6, th);
931 	} else
932 #endif /* INET6 */
933 	{
934 		ip = mtod(m, struct ip *);
935 		ipov = (struct ipovly *)ip;
936 		th = (struct tcphdr *)(ip + 1);
937 		tcpip_fillheaders(tp->t_inpcb, ip, th);
938 	}
939 
940 	/*
941 	 * Fill in fields, remembering maximum advertised
942 	 * window for use in delaying messages about window sizes.
943 	 * If resending a FIN, be sure not to use a new sequence number.
944 	 */
945 	if (flags & TH_FIN && tp->t_flags & TF_SENTFIN &&
946 	    tp->snd_nxt == tp->snd_max)
947 		tp->snd_nxt--;
948 	/*
949 	 * If we are starting a connection, send ECN setup
950 	 * SYN packet. If we are on a retransmit, we may
951 	 * resend those bits a number of times as per
952 	 * RFC 3168.
953 	 */
954 	if (tp->t_state == TCPS_SYN_SENT && V_tcp_do_ecn) {
955 		if (tp->t_rxtshift >= 1) {
956 			if (tp->t_rxtshift <= V_tcp_ecn_maxretries)
957 				flags |= TH_ECE|TH_CWR;
958 		} else
959 			flags |= TH_ECE|TH_CWR;
960 	}
961 
962 	if (tp->t_state == TCPS_ESTABLISHED &&
963 	    (tp->t_flags & TF_ECN_PERMIT)) {
964 		/*
965 		 * If the peer has ECN, mark data packets with
966 		 * ECN capable transmission (ECT).
967 		 * Ignore pure ack packets, retransmissions and window probes.
968 		 */
969 		if (len > 0 && SEQ_GEQ(tp->snd_nxt, tp->snd_max) &&
970 		    !((tp->t_flags & TF_FORCEDATA) && len == 1)) {
971 #ifdef INET6
972 			if (isipv6)
973 				ip6->ip6_flow |= htonl(IPTOS_ECN_ECT0 << 20);
974 			else
975 #endif
976 				ip->ip_tos |= IPTOS_ECN_ECT0;
977 			TCPSTAT_INC(tcps_ecn_ect0);
978 		}
979 
980 		/*
981 		 * Reply with proper ECN notifications.
982 		 */
983 		if (tp->t_flags & TF_ECN_SND_CWR) {
984 			flags |= TH_CWR;
985 			tp->t_flags &= ~TF_ECN_SND_CWR;
986 		}
987 		if (tp->t_flags & TF_ECN_SND_ECE)
988 			flags |= TH_ECE;
989 	}
990 
991 	/*
992 	 * If we are doing retransmissions, then snd_nxt will
993 	 * not reflect the first unsent octet.  For ACK only
994 	 * packets, we do not want the sequence number of the
995 	 * retransmitted packet, we want the sequence number
996 	 * of the next unsent octet.  So, if there is no data
997 	 * (and no SYN or FIN), use snd_max instead of snd_nxt
998 	 * when filling in ti_seq.  But if we are in persist
999 	 * state, snd_max might reflect one byte beyond the
1000 	 * right edge of the window, so use snd_nxt in that
1001 	 * case, since we know we aren't doing a retransmission.
1002 	 * (retransmit and persist are mutually exclusive...)
1003 	 */
1004 	if (sack_rxmit == 0) {
1005 		if (len || (flags & (TH_SYN|TH_FIN)) ||
1006 		    tcp_timer_active(tp, TT_PERSIST))
1007 			th->th_seq = htonl(tp->snd_nxt);
1008 		else
1009 			th->th_seq = htonl(tp->snd_max);
1010 	} else {
1011 		th->th_seq = htonl(p->rxmit);
1012 		p->rxmit += len;
1013 		tp->sackhint.sack_bytes_rexmit += len;
1014 	}
1015 	th->th_ack = htonl(tp->rcv_nxt);
1016 	if (optlen) {
1017 		bcopy(opt, th + 1, optlen);
1018 		th->th_off = (sizeof (struct tcphdr) + optlen) >> 2;
1019 	}
1020 	th->th_flags = flags;
1021 	/*
1022 	 * Calculate receive window.  Don't shrink window,
1023 	 * but avoid silly window syndrome.
1024 	 */
1025 	if (recwin < (long)(so->so_rcv.sb_hiwat / 4) &&
1026 	    recwin < (long)tp->t_maxseg)
1027 		recwin = 0;
1028 	if (SEQ_GT(tp->rcv_adv, tp->rcv_nxt) &&
1029 	    recwin < (long)(tp->rcv_adv - tp->rcv_nxt))
1030 		recwin = (long)(tp->rcv_adv - tp->rcv_nxt);
1031 	if (recwin > (long)TCP_MAXWIN << tp->rcv_scale)
1032 		recwin = (long)TCP_MAXWIN << tp->rcv_scale;
1033 
1034 	/*
1035 	 * According to RFC1323 the window field in a SYN (i.e., a <SYN>
1036 	 * or <SYN,ACK>) segment itself is never scaled.  The <SYN,ACK>
1037 	 * case is handled in syncache.
1038 	 */
1039 	if (flags & TH_SYN)
1040 		th->th_win = htons((u_short)
1041 				(min(sbspace(&so->so_rcv), TCP_MAXWIN)));
1042 	else
1043 		th->th_win = htons((u_short)(recwin >> tp->rcv_scale));
1044 
1045 	/*
1046 	 * Adjust the RXWIN0SENT flag - indicate that we have advertised
1047 	 * a 0 window.  This may cause the remote transmitter to stall.  This
1048 	 * flag tells soreceive() to disable delayed acknowledgements when
1049 	 * draining the buffer.  This can occur if the receiver is attempting
1050 	 * to read more data than can be buffered prior to transmitting on
1051 	 * the connection.
1052 	 */
1053 	if (th->th_win == 0) {
1054 		tp->t_sndzerowin++;
1055 		tp->t_flags |= TF_RXWIN0SENT;
1056 	} else
1057 		tp->t_flags &= ~TF_RXWIN0SENT;
1058 	if (SEQ_GT(tp->snd_up, tp->snd_nxt)) {
1059 		th->th_urp = htons((u_short)(tp->snd_up - tp->snd_nxt));
1060 		th->th_flags |= TH_URG;
1061 	} else
1062 		/*
1063 		 * If no urgent pointer to send, then we pull
1064 		 * the urgent pointer to the left edge of the send window
1065 		 * so that it doesn't drift into the send window on sequence
1066 		 * number wraparound.
1067 		 */
1068 		tp->snd_up = tp->snd_una;		/* drag it along */
1069 
1070 #ifdef TCP_SIGNATURE
1071 	if (tp->t_flags & TF_SIGNATURE) {
1072 		int sigoff = to.to_signature - opt;
1073 		tcp_signature_compute(m, 0, len, optlen,
1074 		    (u_char *)(th + 1) + sigoff, IPSEC_DIR_OUTBOUND);
1075 	}
1076 #endif
1077 
1078 	/*
1079 	 * Put TCP length in extended header, and then
1080 	 * checksum extended header and data.
1081 	 */
1082 	m->m_pkthdr.len = hdrlen + len; /* in6_cksum() need this */
1083 	m->m_pkthdr.csum_data = offsetof(struct tcphdr, th_sum);
1084 #ifdef INET6
1085 	if (isipv6) {
1086 		/*
1087 		 * ip6_plen is not need to be filled now, and will be filled
1088 		 * in ip6_output.
1089 		 */
1090 		m->m_pkthdr.csum_flags = CSUM_TCP_IPV6;
1091 		th->th_sum = in6_cksum_pseudo(ip6, sizeof(struct tcphdr) +
1092 		    optlen + len, IPPROTO_TCP, 0);
1093 	}
1094 #endif
1095 #if defined(INET6) && defined(INET)
1096 	else
1097 #endif
1098 #ifdef INET
1099 	{
1100 		m->m_pkthdr.csum_flags = CSUM_TCP;
1101 		th->th_sum = in_pseudo(ip->ip_src.s_addr, ip->ip_dst.s_addr,
1102 		    htons(sizeof(struct tcphdr) + IPPROTO_TCP + len + optlen));
1103 
1104 		/* IP version must be set here for ipv4/ipv6 checking later */
1105 		KASSERT(ip->ip_v == IPVERSION,
1106 		    ("%s: IP version incorrect: %d", __func__, ip->ip_v));
1107 	}
1108 #endif
1109 
1110 	/*
1111 	 * Enable TSO and specify the size of the segments.
1112 	 * The TCP pseudo header checksum is always provided.
1113 	 * XXX: Fixme: This is currently not the case for IPv6.
1114 	 */
1115 	if (tso) {
1116 		KASSERT(len > tp->t_maxopd - optlen,
1117 		    ("%s: len <= tso_segsz", __func__));
1118 		m->m_pkthdr.csum_flags |= CSUM_TSO;
1119 		m->m_pkthdr.tso_segsz = tp->t_maxopd - optlen;
1120 	}
1121 
1122 #ifdef IPSEC
1123 	KASSERT(len + hdrlen + ipoptlen - ipsec_optlen == m_length(m, NULL),
1124 	    ("%s: mbuf chain shorter than expected: %ld + %u + %u - %u != %u",
1125 	    __func__, len, hdrlen, ipoptlen, ipsec_optlen, m_length(m, NULL)));
1126 #else
1127 	KASSERT(len + hdrlen + ipoptlen == m_length(m, NULL),
1128 	    ("%s: mbuf chain shorter than expected: %ld + %u + %u != %u",
1129 	    __func__, len, hdrlen, ipoptlen, m_length(m, NULL)));
1130 #endif
1131 
1132 	/* Run HHOOK_TCP_ESTABLISHED_OUT helper hooks. */
1133 	hhook_run_tcp_est_out(tp, th, &to, len, tso);
1134 
1135 #ifdef TCPDEBUG
1136 	/*
1137 	 * Trace.
1138 	 */
1139 	if (so->so_options & SO_DEBUG) {
1140 		u_short save = 0;
1141 #ifdef INET6
1142 		if (!isipv6)
1143 #endif
1144 		{
1145 			save = ipov->ih_len;
1146 			ipov->ih_len = htons(m->m_pkthdr.len /* - hdrlen + (th->th_off << 2) */);
1147 		}
1148 		tcp_trace(TA_OUTPUT, tp->t_state, tp, mtod(m, void *), th, 0);
1149 #ifdef INET6
1150 		if (!isipv6)
1151 #endif
1152 		ipov->ih_len = save;
1153 	}
1154 #endif /* TCPDEBUG */
1155 
1156 	/*
1157 	 * Fill in IP length and desired time to live and
1158 	 * send to IP level.  There should be a better way
1159 	 * to handle ttl and tos; we could keep them in
1160 	 * the template, but need a way to checksum without them.
1161 	 */
1162 	/*
1163 	 * m->m_pkthdr.len should have been set before cksum calcuration,
1164 	 * because in6_cksum() need it.
1165 	 */
1166 #ifdef INET6
1167 	if (isipv6) {
1168 		struct route_in6 ro;
1169 
1170 		bzero(&ro, sizeof(ro));
1171 		/*
1172 		 * we separately set hoplimit for every segment, since the
1173 		 * user might want to change the value via setsockopt.
1174 		 * Also, desired default hop limit might be changed via
1175 		 * Neighbor Discovery.
1176 		 */
1177 		ip6->ip6_hlim = in6_selecthlim(tp->t_inpcb, NULL);
1178 
1179 		/*
1180 		 * Set the packet size here for the benefit of DTrace probes.
1181 		 * ip6_output() will set it properly; it's supposed to include
1182 		 * the option header lengths as well.
1183 		 */
1184 		ip6->ip6_plen = htons(m->m_pkthdr.len - sizeof(*ip6));
1185 
1186 		if (tp->t_state == TCPS_SYN_SENT)
1187 			TCP_PROBE5(connect__request, NULL, tp, ip6, tp, th);
1188 
1189 		TCP_PROBE5(send, NULL, tp, ip6, tp, th);
1190 
1191 		/* TODO: IPv6 IP6TOS_ECT bit on */
1192 		error = ip6_output(m, tp->t_inpcb->in6p_outputopts, &ro,
1193 		    ((so->so_options & SO_DONTROUTE) ?  IP_ROUTETOIF : 0),
1194 		    NULL, NULL, tp->t_inpcb);
1195 
1196 		if (error == EMSGSIZE && ro.ro_rt != NULL)
1197 			mtu = ro.ro_rt->rt_mtu;
1198 		RO_RTFREE(&ro);
1199 	}
1200 #endif /* INET6 */
1201 #if defined(INET) && defined(INET6)
1202 	else
1203 #endif
1204 #ifdef INET
1205     {
1206 	struct route ro;
1207 
1208 	bzero(&ro, sizeof(ro));
1209 	ip->ip_len = htons(m->m_pkthdr.len);
1210 #ifdef INET6
1211 	if (tp->t_inpcb->inp_vflag & INP_IPV6PROTO)
1212 		ip->ip_ttl = in6_selecthlim(tp->t_inpcb, NULL);
1213 #endif /* INET6 */
1214 	/*
1215 	 * If we do path MTU discovery, then we set DF on every packet.
1216 	 * This might not be the best thing to do according to RFC3390
1217 	 * Section 2. However the tcp hostcache migitates the problem
1218 	 * so it affects only the first tcp connection with a host.
1219 	 *
1220 	 * NB: Don't set DF on small MTU/MSS to have a safe fallback.
1221 	 */
1222 	if (V_path_mtu_discovery && tp->t_maxopd > V_tcp_minmss)
1223 		ip->ip_off |= htons(IP_DF);
1224 
1225 	if (tp->t_state == TCPS_SYN_SENT)
1226 		TCP_PROBE5(connect__request, NULL, tp, ip, tp, th);
1227 
1228 	TCP_PROBE5(send, NULL, tp, ip, tp, th);
1229 
1230 	error = ip_output(m, tp->t_inpcb->inp_options, &ro,
1231 	    ((so->so_options & SO_DONTROUTE) ? IP_ROUTETOIF : 0), 0,
1232 	    tp->t_inpcb);
1233 
1234 	if (error == EMSGSIZE && ro.ro_rt != NULL)
1235 		mtu = ro.ro_rt->rt_mtu;
1236 	RO_RTFREE(&ro);
1237     }
1238 #endif /* INET */
1239 
1240 out:
1241 	/*
1242 	 * In transmit state, time the transmission and arrange for
1243 	 * the retransmit.  In persist state, just set snd_max.
1244 	 */
1245 	if ((tp->t_flags & TF_FORCEDATA) == 0 ||
1246 	    !tcp_timer_active(tp, TT_PERSIST)) {
1247 		tcp_seq startseq = tp->snd_nxt;
1248 
1249 		/*
1250 		 * Advance snd_nxt over sequence space of this segment.
1251 		 */
1252 		if (flags & (TH_SYN|TH_FIN)) {
1253 			if (flags & TH_SYN)
1254 				tp->snd_nxt++;
1255 			if (flags & TH_FIN) {
1256 				tp->snd_nxt++;
1257 				tp->t_flags |= TF_SENTFIN;
1258 			}
1259 		}
1260 		if (sack_rxmit)
1261 			goto timer;
1262 		tp->snd_nxt += len;
1263 		if (SEQ_GT(tp->snd_nxt, tp->snd_max)) {
1264 			tp->snd_max = tp->snd_nxt;
1265 			/*
1266 			 * Time this transmission if not a retransmission and
1267 			 * not currently timing anything.
1268 			 */
1269 			if (tp->t_rtttime == 0) {
1270 				tp->t_rtttime = ticks;
1271 				tp->t_rtseq = startseq;
1272 				TCPSTAT_INC(tcps_segstimed);
1273 			}
1274 		}
1275 
1276 		/*
1277 		 * Set retransmit timer if not currently set,
1278 		 * and not doing a pure ack or a keep-alive probe.
1279 		 * Initial value for retransmit timer is smoothed
1280 		 * round-trip time + 2 * round-trip time variance.
1281 		 * Initialize shift counter which is used for backoff
1282 		 * of retransmit time.
1283 		 */
1284 timer:
1285 		if (!tcp_timer_active(tp, TT_REXMT) &&
1286 		    ((sack_rxmit && tp->snd_nxt != tp->snd_max) ||
1287 		     (tp->snd_nxt != tp->snd_una))) {
1288 			if (tcp_timer_active(tp, TT_PERSIST)) {
1289 				tcp_timer_activate(tp, TT_PERSIST, 0);
1290 				tp->t_rxtshift = 0;
1291 			}
1292 			tcp_timer_activate(tp, TT_REXMT, tp->t_rxtcur);
1293 		}
1294 	} else {
1295 		/*
1296 		 * Persist case, update snd_max but since we are in
1297 		 * persist mode (no window) we do not update snd_nxt.
1298 		 */
1299 		int xlen = len;
1300 		if (flags & TH_SYN)
1301 			++xlen;
1302 		if (flags & TH_FIN) {
1303 			++xlen;
1304 			tp->t_flags |= TF_SENTFIN;
1305 		}
1306 		if (SEQ_GT(tp->snd_nxt + xlen, tp->snd_max))
1307 			tp->snd_max = tp->snd_nxt + len;
1308 	}
1309 
1310 	if (error) {
1311 
1312 		/*
1313 		 * We know that the packet was lost, so back out the
1314 		 * sequence number advance, if any.
1315 		 *
1316 		 * If the error is EPERM the packet got blocked by the
1317 		 * local firewall.  Normally we should terminate the
1318 		 * connection but the blocking may have been spurious
1319 		 * due to a firewall reconfiguration cycle.  So we treat
1320 		 * it like a packet loss and let the retransmit timer and
1321 		 * timeouts do their work over time.
1322 		 * XXX: It is a POLA question whether calling tcp_drop right
1323 		 * away would be the really correct behavior instead.
1324 		 */
1325 		if (((tp->t_flags & TF_FORCEDATA) == 0 ||
1326 		    !tcp_timer_active(tp, TT_PERSIST)) &&
1327 		    ((flags & TH_SYN) == 0) &&
1328 		    (error != EPERM)) {
1329 			if (sack_rxmit) {
1330 				p->rxmit -= len;
1331 				tp->sackhint.sack_bytes_rexmit -= len;
1332 				KASSERT(tp->sackhint.sack_bytes_rexmit >= 0,
1333 				    ("sackhint bytes rtx >= 0"));
1334 			} else
1335 				tp->snd_nxt -= len;
1336 		}
1337 		SOCKBUF_UNLOCK_ASSERT(&so->so_snd);	/* Check gotos. */
1338 		switch (error) {
1339 		case EPERM:
1340 			tp->t_softerror = error;
1341 			return (error);
1342 		case ENOBUFS:
1343 	                if (!tcp_timer_active(tp, TT_REXMT) &&
1344 			    !tcp_timer_active(tp, TT_PERSIST))
1345 	                        tcp_timer_activate(tp, TT_REXMT, tp->t_rxtcur);
1346 			tp->snd_cwnd = tp->t_maxseg;
1347 			return (0);
1348 		case EMSGSIZE:
1349 			/*
1350 			 * For some reason the interface we used initially
1351 			 * to send segments changed to another or lowered
1352 			 * its MTU.
1353 			 * If TSO was active we either got an interface
1354 			 * without TSO capabilits or TSO was turned off.
1355 			 * If we obtained mtu from ip_output() then update
1356 			 * it and try again.
1357 			 */
1358 			if (tso)
1359 				tp->t_flags &= ~TF_TSO;
1360 			if (mtu != 0) {
1361 				tcp_mss_update(tp, -1, mtu, NULL, NULL);
1362 				goto again;
1363 			}
1364 			return (error);
1365 		case EHOSTDOWN:
1366 		case EHOSTUNREACH:
1367 		case ENETDOWN:
1368 		case ENETUNREACH:
1369 			if (TCPS_HAVERCVDSYN(tp->t_state)) {
1370 				tp->t_softerror = error;
1371 				return (0);
1372 			}
1373 			/* FALLTHROUGH */
1374 		default:
1375 			return (error);
1376 		}
1377 	}
1378 	TCPSTAT_INC(tcps_sndtotal);
1379 
1380 	/*
1381 	 * Data sent (as far as we can tell).
1382 	 * If this advertises a larger window than any other segment,
1383 	 * then remember the size of the advertised window.
1384 	 * Any pending ACK has now been sent.
1385 	 */
1386 	if (recwin >= 0 && SEQ_GT(tp->rcv_nxt + recwin, tp->rcv_adv))
1387 		tp->rcv_adv = tp->rcv_nxt + recwin;
1388 	tp->last_ack_sent = tp->rcv_nxt;
1389 	tp->t_flags &= ~(TF_ACKNOW | TF_DELACK);
1390 	if (tcp_timer_active(tp, TT_DELACK))
1391 		tcp_timer_activate(tp, TT_DELACK, 0);
1392 #if 0
1393 	/*
1394 	 * This completely breaks TCP if newreno is turned on.  What happens
1395 	 * is that if delayed-acks are turned on on the receiver, this code
1396 	 * on the transmitter effectively destroys the TCP window, forcing
1397 	 * it to four packets (1.5Kx4 = 6K window).
1398 	 */
1399 	if (sendalot && --maxburst)
1400 		goto again;
1401 #endif
1402 	if (sendalot)
1403 		goto again;
1404 	return (0);
1405 }
1406 
1407 void
1408 tcp_setpersist(struct tcpcb *tp)
1409 {
1410 	int t = ((tp->t_srtt >> 2) + tp->t_rttvar) >> 1;
1411 	int tt;
1412 
1413 	tp->t_flags &= ~TF_PREVVALID;
1414 	if (tcp_timer_active(tp, TT_REXMT))
1415 		panic("tcp_setpersist: retransmit pending");
1416 	/*
1417 	 * Start/restart persistance timer.
1418 	 */
1419 	TCPT_RANGESET(tt, t * tcp_backoff[tp->t_rxtshift],
1420 		      TCPTV_PERSMIN, TCPTV_PERSMAX);
1421 	tcp_timer_activate(tp, TT_PERSIST, tt);
1422 	if (tp->t_rxtshift < TCP_MAXRXTSHIFT)
1423 		tp->t_rxtshift++;
1424 }
1425 
1426 /*
1427  * Insert TCP options according to the supplied parameters to the place
1428  * optp in a consistent way.  Can handle unaligned destinations.
1429  *
1430  * The order of the option processing is crucial for optimal packing and
1431  * alignment for the scarce option space.
1432  *
1433  * The optimal order for a SYN/SYN-ACK segment is:
1434  *   MSS (4) + NOP (1) + Window scale (3) + SACK permitted (2) +
1435  *   Timestamp (10) + Signature (18) = 38 bytes out of a maximum of 40.
1436  *
1437  * The SACK options should be last.  SACK blocks consume 8*n+2 bytes.
1438  * So a full size SACK blocks option is 34 bytes (with 4 SACK blocks).
1439  * At minimum we need 10 bytes (to generate 1 SACK block).  If both
1440  * TCP Timestamps (12 bytes) and TCP Signatures (18 bytes) are present,
1441  * we only have 10 bytes for SACK options (40 - (12 + 18)).
1442  */
1443 int
1444 tcp_addoptions(struct tcpopt *to, u_char *optp)
1445 {
1446 	u_int mask, optlen = 0;
1447 
1448 	for (mask = 1; mask < TOF_MAXOPT; mask <<= 1) {
1449 		if ((to->to_flags & mask) != mask)
1450 			continue;
1451 		if (optlen == TCP_MAXOLEN)
1452 			break;
1453 		switch (to->to_flags & mask) {
1454 		case TOF_MSS:
1455 			while (optlen % 4) {
1456 				optlen += TCPOLEN_NOP;
1457 				*optp++ = TCPOPT_NOP;
1458 			}
1459 			if (TCP_MAXOLEN - optlen < TCPOLEN_MAXSEG)
1460 				continue;
1461 			optlen += TCPOLEN_MAXSEG;
1462 			*optp++ = TCPOPT_MAXSEG;
1463 			*optp++ = TCPOLEN_MAXSEG;
1464 			to->to_mss = htons(to->to_mss);
1465 			bcopy((u_char *)&to->to_mss, optp, sizeof(to->to_mss));
1466 			optp += sizeof(to->to_mss);
1467 			break;
1468 		case TOF_SCALE:
1469 			while (!optlen || optlen % 2 != 1) {
1470 				optlen += TCPOLEN_NOP;
1471 				*optp++ = TCPOPT_NOP;
1472 			}
1473 			if (TCP_MAXOLEN - optlen < TCPOLEN_WINDOW)
1474 				continue;
1475 			optlen += TCPOLEN_WINDOW;
1476 			*optp++ = TCPOPT_WINDOW;
1477 			*optp++ = TCPOLEN_WINDOW;
1478 			*optp++ = to->to_wscale;
1479 			break;
1480 		case TOF_SACKPERM:
1481 			while (optlen % 2) {
1482 				optlen += TCPOLEN_NOP;
1483 				*optp++ = TCPOPT_NOP;
1484 			}
1485 			if (TCP_MAXOLEN - optlen < TCPOLEN_SACK_PERMITTED)
1486 				continue;
1487 			optlen += TCPOLEN_SACK_PERMITTED;
1488 			*optp++ = TCPOPT_SACK_PERMITTED;
1489 			*optp++ = TCPOLEN_SACK_PERMITTED;
1490 			break;
1491 		case TOF_TS:
1492 			while (!optlen || optlen % 4 != 2) {
1493 				optlen += TCPOLEN_NOP;
1494 				*optp++ = TCPOPT_NOP;
1495 			}
1496 			if (TCP_MAXOLEN - optlen < TCPOLEN_TIMESTAMP)
1497 				continue;
1498 			optlen += TCPOLEN_TIMESTAMP;
1499 			*optp++ = TCPOPT_TIMESTAMP;
1500 			*optp++ = TCPOLEN_TIMESTAMP;
1501 			to->to_tsval = htonl(to->to_tsval);
1502 			to->to_tsecr = htonl(to->to_tsecr);
1503 			bcopy((u_char *)&to->to_tsval, optp, sizeof(to->to_tsval));
1504 			optp += sizeof(to->to_tsval);
1505 			bcopy((u_char *)&to->to_tsecr, optp, sizeof(to->to_tsecr));
1506 			optp += sizeof(to->to_tsecr);
1507 			break;
1508 		case TOF_SIGNATURE:
1509 			{
1510 			int siglen = TCPOLEN_SIGNATURE - 2;
1511 
1512 			while (!optlen || optlen % 4 != 2) {
1513 				optlen += TCPOLEN_NOP;
1514 				*optp++ = TCPOPT_NOP;
1515 			}
1516 			if (TCP_MAXOLEN - optlen < TCPOLEN_SIGNATURE)
1517 				continue;
1518 			optlen += TCPOLEN_SIGNATURE;
1519 			*optp++ = TCPOPT_SIGNATURE;
1520 			*optp++ = TCPOLEN_SIGNATURE;
1521 			to->to_signature = optp;
1522 			while (siglen--)
1523 				 *optp++ = 0;
1524 			break;
1525 			}
1526 		case TOF_SACK:
1527 			{
1528 			int sackblks = 0;
1529 			struct sackblk *sack = (struct sackblk *)to->to_sacks;
1530 			tcp_seq sack_seq;
1531 
1532 			while (!optlen || optlen % 4 != 2) {
1533 				optlen += TCPOLEN_NOP;
1534 				*optp++ = TCPOPT_NOP;
1535 			}
1536 			if (TCP_MAXOLEN - optlen < TCPOLEN_SACKHDR + TCPOLEN_SACK)
1537 				continue;
1538 			optlen += TCPOLEN_SACKHDR;
1539 			*optp++ = TCPOPT_SACK;
1540 			sackblks = min(to->to_nsacks,
1541 					(TCP_MAXOLEN - optlen) / TCPOLEN_SACK);
1542 			*optp++ = TCPOLEN_SACKHDR + sackblks * TCPOLEN_SACK;
1543 			while (sackblks--) {
1544 				sack_seq = htonl(sack->start);
1545 				bcopy((u_char *)&sack_seq, optp, sizeof(sack_seq));
1546 				optp += sizeof(sack_seq);
1547 				sack_seq = htonl(sack->end);
1548 				bcopy((u_char *)&sack_seq, optp, sizeof(sack_seq));
1549 				optp += sizeof(sack_seq);
1550 				optlen += TCPOLEN_SACK;
1551 				sack++;
1552 			}
1553 			TCPSTAT_INC(tcps_sack_send_blocks);
1554 			break;
1555 			}
1556 		default:
1557 			panic("%s: unknown TCP option type", __func__);
1558 			break;
1559 		}
1560 	}
1561 
1562 	/* Terminate and pad TCP options to a 4 byte boundary. */
1563 	if (optlen % 4) {
1564 		optlen += TCPOLEN_EOL;
1565 		*optp++ = TCPOPT_EOL;
1566 	}
1567 	/*
1568 	 * According to RFC 793 (STD0007):
1569 	 *   "The content of the header beyond the End-of-Option option
1570 	 *    must be header padding (i.e., zero)."
1571 	 *   and later: "The padding is composed of zeros."
1572 	 */
1573 	while (optlen % 4) {
1574 		optlen += TCPOLEN_PAD;
1575 		*optp++ = TCPOPT_PAD;
1576 	}
1577 
1578 	KASSERT(optlen <= TCP_MAXOLEN, ("%s: TCP options too long", __func__));
1579 	return (optlen);
1580 }
1581