xref: /freebsd/sys/netinet/tcp_output.c (revision 62cfcf62f627e5093fb37026a6d8c98e4d2ef04c)
1 /*-
2  * SPDX-License-Identifier: BSD-3-Clause
3  *
4  * Copyright (c) 1982, 1986, 1988, 1990, 1993, 1995
5  *	The Regents of the University of California.  All rights reserved.
6  *
7  * Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
8  * modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions
9  * are met:
10  * 1. Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright
11  *    notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
12  * 2. Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above copyright
13  *    notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer in the
14  *    documentation and/or other materials provided with the distribution.
15  * 3. Neither the name of the University nor the names of its contributors
16  *    may be used to endorse or promote products derived from this software
17  *    without specific prior written permission.
18  *
19  * THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE REGENTS AND CONTRIBUTORS ``AS IS'' AND
20  * ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, THE
21  * IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE
22  * ARE DISCLAIMED.  IN NO EVENT SHALL THE REGENTS OR CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE
23  * FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL, SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL
24  * DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS
25  * OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE, DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION)
26  * HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT
27  * LIABILITY, OR TORT (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY
28  * OUT OF THE USE OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF
29  * SUCH DAMAGE.
30  *
31  *	@(#)tcp_output.c	8.4 (Berkeley) 5/24/95
32  */
33 
34 #include <sys/cdefs.h>
35 __FBSDID("$FreeBSD$");
36 
37 #include "opt_inet.h"
38 #include "opt_inet6.h"
39 #include "opt_ipsec.h"
40 #include "opt_kern_tls.h"
41 #include "opt_tcpdebug.h"
42 
43 #include <sys/param.h>
44 #include <sys/systm.h>
45 #include <sys/arb.h>
46 #include <sys/domain.h>
47 #ifdef TCP_HHOOK
48 #include <sys/hhook.h>
49 #endif
50 #include <sys/kernel.h>
51 #ifdef KERN_TLS
52 #include <sys/ktls.h>
53 #endif
54 #include <sys/lock.h>
55 #include <sys/mbuf.h>
56 #include <sys/mutex.h>
57 #include <sys/protosw.h>
58 #include <sys/qmath.h>
59 #include <sys/sdt.h>
60 #include <sys/socket.h>
61 #include <sys/socketvar.h>
62 #include <sys/sysctl.h>
63 #include <sys/stats.h>
64 
65 #include <net/if.h>
66 #include <net/route.h>
67 #include <net/route/nhop.h>
68 #include <net/vnet.h>
69 
70 #include <netinet/in.h>
71 #include <netinet/in_kdtrace.h>
72 #include <netinet/in_systm.h>
73 #include <netinet/ip.h>
74 #include <netinet/in_pcb.h>
75 #include <netinet/ip_var.h>
76 #include <netinet/ip_options.h>
77 #ifdef INET6
78 #include <netinet6/in6_pcb.h>
79 #include <netinet/ip6.h>
80 #include <netinet6/ip6_var.h>
81 #endif
82 #include <netinet/tcp.h>
83 #define	TCPOUTFLAGS
84 #include <netinet/tcp_fsm.h>
85 #include <netinet/tcp_log_buf.h>
86 #include <netinet/tcp_seq.h>
87 #include <netinet/tcp_timer.h>
88 #include <netinet/tcp_var.h>
89 #include <netinet/tcpip.h>
90 #include <netinet/cc/cc.h>
91 #include <netinet/tcp_fastopen.h>
92 #ifdef TCPPCAP
93 #include <netinet/tcp_pcap.h>
94 #endif
95 #ifdef TCPDEBUG
96 #include <netinet/tcp_debug.h>
97 #endif
98 #ifdef TCP_OFFLOAD
99 #include <netinet/tcp_offload.h>
100 #endif
101 
102 #include <netipsec/ipsec_support.h>
103 
104 #include <machine/in_cksum.h>
105 
106 #include <security/mac/mac_framework.h>
107 
108 VNET_DEFINE(int, path_mtu_discovery) = 1;
109 SYSCTL_INT(_net_inet_tcp, OID_AUTO, path_mtu_discovery, CTLFLAG_VNET | CTLFLAG_RW,
110 	&VNET_NAME(path_mtu_discovery), 1,
111 	"Enable Path MTU Discovery");
112 
113 VNET_DEFINE(int, tcp_do_tso) = 1;
114 SYSCTL_INT(_net_inet_tcp, OID_AUTO, tso, CTLFLAG_VNET | CTLFLAG_RW,
115 	&VNET_NAME(tcp_do_tso), 0,
116 	"Enable TCP Segmentation Offload");
117 
118 VNET_DEFINE(int, tcp_sendspace) = 1024*32;
119 #define	V_tcp_sendspace	VNET(tcp_sendspace)
120 SYSCTL_INT(_net_inet_tcp, TCPCTL_SENDSPACE, sendspace, CTLFLAG_VNET | CTLFLAG_RW,
121 	&VNET_NAME(tcp_sendspace), 0, "Initial send socket buffer size");
122 
123 VNET_DEFINE(int, tcp_do_autosndbuf) = 1;
124 SYSCTL_INT(_net_inet_tcp, OID_AUTO, sendbuf_auto, CTLFLAG_VNET | CTLFLAG_RW,
125 	&VNET_NAME(tcp_do_autosndbuf), 0,
126 	"Enable automatic send buffer sizing");
127 
128 VNET_DEFINE(int, tcp_autosndbuf_inc) = 8*1024;
129 SYSCTL_INT(_net_inet_tcp, OID_AUTO, sendbuf_inc, CTLFLAG_VNET | CTLFLAG_RW,
130 	&VNET_NAME(tcp_autosndbuf_inc), 0,
131 	"Incrementor step size of automatic send buffer");
132 
133 VNET_DEFINE(int, tcp_autosndbuf_max) = 2*1024*1024;
134 SYSCTL_INT(_net_inet_tcp, OID_AUTO, sendbuf_max, CTLFLAG_VNET | CTLFLAG_RW,
135 	&VNET_NAME(tcp_autosndbuf_max), 0,
136 	"Max size of automatic send buffer");
137 
138 VNET_DEFINE(int, tcp_sendbuf_auto_lowat) = 0;
139 #define	V_tcp_sendbuf_auto_lowat	VNET(tcp_sendbuf_auto_lowat)
140 SYSCTL_INT(_net_inet_tcp, OID_AUTO, sendbuf_auto_lowat, CTLFLAG_VNET | CTLFLAG_RW,
141 	&VNET_NAME(tcp_sendbuf_auto_lowat), 0,
142 	"Modify threshold for auto send buffer growth to account for SO_SNDLOWAT");
143 
144 /*
145  * Make sure that either retransmit or persist timer is set for SYN, FIN and
146  * non-ACK.
147  */
148 #define TCP_XMIT_TIMER_ASSERT(tp, len, th_flags)			\
149 	KASSERT(((len) == 0 && ((th_flags) & (TH_SYN | TH_FIN)) == 0) ||\
150 	    tcp_timer_active((tp), TT_REXMT) ||				\
151 	    tcp_timer_active((tp), TT_PERSIST),				\
152 	    ("neither rexmt nor persist timer is set"))
153 
154 static void inline	cc_after_idle(struct tcpcb *tp);
155 
156 #ifdef TCP_HHOOK
157 /*
158  * Wrapper for the TCP established output helper hook.
159  */
160 void
161 hhook_run_tcp_est_out(struct tcpcb *tp, struct tcphdr *th,
162     struct tcpopt *to, uint32_t len, int tso)
163 {
164 	struct tcp_hhook_data hhook_data;
165 
166 	if (V_tcp_hhh[HHOOK_TCP_EST_OUT]->hhh_nhooks > 0) {
167 		hhook_data.tp = tp;
168 		hhook_data.th = th;
169 		hhook_data.to = to;
170 		hhook_data.len = len;
171 		hhook_data.tso = tso;
172 
173 		hhook_run_hooks(V_tcp_hhh[HHOOK_TCP_EST_OUT], &hhook_data,
174 		    tp->osd);
175 	}
176 }
177 #endif
178 
179 /*
180  * CC wrapper hook functions
181  */
182 static void inline
183 cc_after_idle(struct tcpcb *tp)
184 {
185 	INP_WLOCK_ASSERT(tp->t_inpcb);
186 
187 	if (CC_ALGO(tp)->after_idle != NULL)
188 		CC_ALGO(tp)->after_idle(tp->ccv);
189 }
190 
191 /*
192  * Tcp output routine: figure out what should be sent and send it.
193  */
194 int
195 tcp_output(struct tcpcb *tp)
196 {
197 	struct socket *so = tp->t_inpcb->inp_socket;
198 	int32_t len;
199 	uint32_t recwin, sendwin;
200 	int off, flags, error = 0;	/* Keep compiler happy */
201 	u_int if_hw_tsomaxsegcount = 0;
202 	u_int if_hw_tsomaxsegsize = 0;
203 	struct mbuf *m;
204 	struct ip *ip = NULL;
205 #ifdef TCPDEBUG
206 	struct ipovly *ipov = NULL;
207 #endif
208 	struct tcphdr *th;
209 	u_char opt[TCP_MAXOLEN];
210 	unsigned ipoptlen, optlen, hdrlen;
211 #if defined(IPSEC) || defined(IPSEC_SUPPORT)
212 	unsigned ipsec_optlen = 0;
213 #endif
214 	int idle, sendalot, curticks;
215 	int sack_rxmit, sack_bytes_rxmt;
216 	struct sackhole *p;
217 	int tso, mtu;
218 	struct tcpopt to;
219 	unsigned int wanted_cookie = 0;
220 	unsigned int dont_sendalot = 0;
221 #if 0
222 	int maxburst = TCP_MAXBURST;
223 #endif
224 #ifdef INET6
225 	struct ip6_hdr *ip6 = NULL;
226 	int isipv6;
227 
228 	isipv6 = (tp->t_inpcb->inp_vflag & INP_IPV6) != 0;
229 #endif
230 #ifdef KERN_TLS
231 	const bool hw_tls = (so->so_snd.sb_flags & SB_TLS_IFNET) != 0;
232 #else
233 	const bool hw_tls = false;
234 #endif
235 
236 	NET_EPOCH_ASSERT();
237 	INP_WLOCK_ASSERT(tp->t_inpcb);
238 
239 #ifdef TCP_OFFLOAD
240 	if (tp->t_flags & TF_TOE)
241 		return (tcp_offload_output(tp));
242 #endif
243 
244 	/*
245 	 * For TFO connections in SYN_SENT or SYN_RECEIVED,
246 	 * only allow the initial SYN or SYN|ACK and those sent
247 	 * by the retransmit timer.
248 	 */
249 	if (IS_FASTOPEN(tp->t_flags) &&
250 	    ((tp->t_state == TCPS_SYN_SENT) ||
251 	     (tp->t_state == TCPS_SYN_RECEIVED)) &&
252 	    SEQ_GT(tp->snd_max, tp->snd_una) && /* initial SYN or SYN|ACK sent */
253 	    (tp->snd_nxt != tp->snd_una))       /* not a retransmit */
254 		return (0);
255 
256 	/*
257 	 * Determine length of data that should be transmitted,
258 	 * and flags that will be used.
259 	 * If there is some data or critical controls (SYN, RST)
260 	 * to send, then transmit; otherwise, investigate further.
261 	 */
262 	idle = (tp->t_flags & TF_LASTIDLE) || (tp->snd_max == tp->snd_una);
263 	if (idle && (((ticks - tp->t_rcvtime) >= tp->t_rxtcur) ||
264 	    (tp->t_sndtime && ((ticks - tp->t_sndtime) >= tp->t_rxtcur))))
265 		cc_after_idle(tp);
266 	tp->t_flags &= ~TF_LASTIDLE;
267 	if (idle) {
268 		if (tp->t_flags & TF_MORETOCOME) {
269 			tp->t_flags |= TF_LASTIDLE;
270 			idle = 0;
271 		}
272 	}
273 again:
274 	/*
275 	 * If we've recently taken a timeout, snd_max will be greater than
276 	 * snd_nxt.  There may be SACK information that allows us to avoid
277 	 * resending already delivered data.  Adjust snd_nxt accordingly.
278 	 */
279 	if ((tp->t_flags & TF_SACK_PERMIT) &&
280 	    SEQ_LT(tp->snd_nxt, tp->snd_max))
281 		tcp_sack_adjust(tp);
282 	sendalot = 0;
283 	tso = 0;
284 	mtu = 0;
285 	off = tp->snd_nxt - tp->snd_una;
286 	sendwin = min(tp->snd_wnd, tp->snd_cwnd);
287 
288 	flags = tcp_outflags[tp->t_state];
289 	/*
290 	 * Send any SACK-generated retransmissions.  If we're explicitly trying
291 	 * to send out new data (when sendalot is 1), bypass this function.
292 	 * If we retransmit in fast recovery mode, decrement snd_cwnd, since
293 	 * we're replacing a (future) new transmission with a retransmission
294 	 * now, and we previously incremented snd_cwnd in tcp_input().
295 	 */
296 	/*
297 	 * Still in sack recovery , reset rxmit flag to zero.
298 	 */
299 	sack_rxmit = 0;
300 	sack_bytes_rxmt = 0;
301 	len = 0;
302 	p = NULL;
303 	if ((tp->t_flags & TF_SACK_PERMIT) && IN_FASTRECOVERY(tp->t_flags) &&
304 	    (p = tcp_sack_output(tp, &sack_bytes_rxmt))) {
305 		uint32_t cwin;
306 
307 		cwin =
308 		    imax(min(tp->snd_wnd, tp->snd_cwnd) - sack_bytes_rxmt, 0);
309 		/* Do not retransmit SACK segments beyond snd_recover */
310 		if (SEQ_GT(p->end, tp->snd_recover)) {
311 			/*
312 			 * (At least) part of sack hole extends beyond
313 			 * snd_recover. Check to see if we can rexmit data
314 			 * for this hole.
315 			 */
316 			if (SEQ_GEQ(p->rxmit, tp->snd_recover)) {
317 				/*
318 				 * Can't rexmit any more data for this hole.
319 				 * That data will be rexmitted in the next
320 				 * sack recovery episode, when snd_recover
321 				 * moves past p->rxmit.
322 				 */
323 				p = NULL;
324 				goto after_sack_rexmit;
325 			} else
326 				/* Can rexmit part of the current hole */
327 				len = ((int32_t)ulmin(cwin,
328 						   tp->snd_recover - p->rxmit));
329 		} else
330 			len = ((int32_t)ulmin(cwin, p->end - p->rxmit));
331 		off = p->rxmit - tp->snd_una;
332 		KASSERT(off >= 0,("%s: sack block to the left of una : %d",
333 		    __func__, off));
334 		if (len > 0) {
335 			sack_rxmit = 1;
336 			sendalot = 1;
337 			TCPSTAT_INC(tcps_sack_rexmits);
338 			TCPSTAT_ADD(tcps_sack_rexmit_bytes,
339 			    min(len, tp->t_maxseg));
340 		}
341 	}
342 after_sack_rexmit:
343 	/*
344 	 * Get standard flags, and add SYN or FIN if requested by 'hidden'
345 	 * state flags.
346 	 */
347 	if (tp->t_flags & TF_NEEDFIN)
348 		flags |= TH_FIN;
349 	if (tp->t_flags & TF_NEEDSYN)
350 		flags |= TH_SYN;
351 
352 	SOCKBUF_LOCK(&so->so_snd);
353 	/*
354 	 * If in persist timeout with window of 0, send 1 byte.
355 	 * Otherwise, if window is small but nonzero
356 	 * and timer expired, we will send what we can
357 	 * and go to transmit state.
358 	 */
359 	if (tp->t_flags & TF_FORCEDATA) {
360 		if (sendwin == 0) {
361 			/*
362 			 * If we still have some data to send, then
363 			 * clear the FIN bit.  Usually this would
364 			 * happen below when it realizes that we
365 			 * aren't sending all the data.  However,
366 			 * if we have exactly 1 byte of unsent data,
367 			 * then it won't clear the FIN bit below,
368 			 * and if we are in persist state, we wind
369 			 * up sending the packet without recording
370 			 * that we sent the FIN bit.
371 			 *
372 			 * We can't just blindly clear the FIN bit,
373 			 * because if we don't have any more data
374 			 * to send then the probe will be the FIN
375 			 * itself.
376 			 */
377 			if (off < sbused(&so->so_snd))
378 				flags &= ~TH_FIN;
379 			sendwin = 1;
380 		} else {
381 			tcp_timer_activate(tp, TT_PERSIST, 0);
382 			tp->t_rxtshift = 0;
383 		}
384 	}
385 
386 	/*
387 	 * If snd_nxt == snd_max and we have transmitted a FIN, the
388 	 * offset will be > 0 even if so_snd.sb_cc is 0, resulting in
389 	 * a negative length.  This can also occur when TCP opens up
390 	 * its congestion window while receiving additional duplicate
391 	 * acks after fast-retransmit because TCP will reset snd_nxt
392 	 * to snd_max after the fast-retransmit.
393 	 *
394 	 * In the normal retransmit-FIN-only case, however, snd_nxt will
395 	 * be set to snd_una, the offset will be 0, and the length may
396 	 * wind up 0.
397 	 *
398 	 * If sack_rxmit is true we are retransmitting from the scoreboard
399 	 * in which case len is already set.
400 	 */
401 	if (sack_rxmit == 0) {
402 		if (sack_bytes_rxmt == 0)
403 			len = ((int32_t)min(sbavail(&so->so_snd), sendwin) -
404 			    off);
405 		else {
406 			int32_t cwin;
407 
408                         /*
409 			 * We are inside of a SACK recovery episode and are
410 			 * sending new data, having retransmitted all the
411 			 * data possible in the scoreboard.
412 			 */
413 			len = ((int32_t)min(sbavail(&so->so_snd), tp->snd_wnd) -
414 			    off);
415 			/*
416 			 * Don't remove this (len > 0) check !
417 			 * We explicitly check for len > 0 here (although it
418 			 * isn't really necessary), to work around a gcc
419 			 * optimization issue - to force gcc to compute
420 			 * len above. Without this check, the computation
421 			 * of len is bungled by the optimizer.
422 			 */
423 			if (len > 0) {
424 				cwin = tp->snd_cwnd -
425 					(tp->snd_nxt - tp->snd_recover) -
426 					sack_bytes_rxmt;
427 				if (cwin < 0)
428 					cwin = 0;
429 				len = imin(len, cwin);
430 			}
431 		}
432 	}
433 
434 	/*
435 	 * Lop off SYN bit if it has already been sent.  However, if this
436 	 * is SYN-SENT state and if segment contains data and if we don't
437 	 * know that foreign host supports TAO, suppress sending segment.
438 	 */
439 	if ((flags & TH_SYN) && SEQ_GT(tp->snd_nxt, tp->snd_una)) {
440 		if (tp->t_state != TCPS_SYN_RECEIVED)
441 			flags &= ~TH_SYN;
442 		/*
443 		 * When sending additional segments following a TFO SYN|ACK,
444 		 * do not include the SYN bit.
445 		 */
446 		if (IS_FASTOPEN(tp->t_flags) &&
447 		    (tp->t_state == TCPS_SYN_RECEIVED))
448 			flags &= ~TH_SYN;
449 		off--, len++;
450 	}
451 
452 	/*
453 	 * Be careful not to send data and/or FIN on SYN segments.
454 	 * This measure is needed to prevent interoperability problems
455 	 * with not fully conformant TCP implementations.
456 	 */
457 	if ((flags & TH_SYN) && (tp->t_flags & TF_NOOPT)) {
458 		len = 0;
459 		flags &= ~TH_FIN;
460 	}
461 
462 	/*
463 	 * On TFO sockets, ensure no data is sent in the following cases:
464 	 *
465 	 *  - When retransmitting SYN|ACK on a passively-created socket
466 	 *
467 	 *  - When retransmitting SYN on an actively created socket
468 	 *
469 	 *  - When sending a zero-length cookie (cookie request) on an
470 	 *    actively created socket
471 	 *
472 	 *  - When the socket is in the CLOSED state (RST is being sent)
473 	 */
474 	if (IS_FASTOPEN(tp->t_flags) &&
475 	    (((flags & TH_SYN) && (tp->t_rxtshift > 0)) ||
476 	     ((tp->t_state == TCPS_SYN_SENT) &&
477 	      (tp->t_tfo_client_cookie_len == 0)) ||
478 	     (flags & TH_RST)))
479 		len = 0;
480 	if (len <= 0) {
481 		/*
482 		 * If FIN has been sent but not acked,
483 		 * but we haven't been called to retransmit,
484 		 * len will be < 0.  Otherwise, window shrank
485 		 * after we sent into it.  If window shrank to 0,
486 		 * cancel pending retransmit, pull snd_nxt back
487 		 * to (closed) window, and set the persist timer
488 		 * if it isn't already going.  If the window didn't
489 		 * close completely, just wait for an ACK.
490 		 *
491 		 * We also do a general check here to ensure that
492 		 * we will set the persist timer when we have data
493 		 * to send, but a 0-byte window. This makes sure
494 		 * the persist timer is set even if the packet
495 		 * hits one of the "goto send" lines below.
496 		 */
497 		len = 0;
498 		if ((sendwin == 0) && (TCPS_HAVEESTABLISHED(tp->t_state)) &&
499 			(off < (int) sbavail(&so->so_snd))) {
500 			tcp_timer_activate(tp, TT_REXMT, 0);
501 			tp->t_rxtshift = 0;
502 			tp->snd_nxt = tp->snd_una;
503 			if (!tcp_timer_active(tp, TT_PERSIST))
504 				tcp_setpersist(tp);
505 		}
506 	}
507 
508 	/* len will be >= 0 after this point. */
509 	KASSERT(len >= 0, ("[%s:%d]: len < 0", __func__, __LINE__));
510 
511 	tcp_sndbuf_autoscale(tp, so, sendwin);
512 
513 	/*
514 	 * Decide if we can use TCP Segmentation Offloading (if supported by
515 	 * hardware).
516 	 *
517 	 * TSO may only be used if we are in a pure bulk sending state.  The
518 	 * presence of TCP-MD5, SACK retransmits, SACK advertizements and
519 	 * IP options prevent using TSO.  With TSO the TCP header is the same
520 	 * (except for the sequence number) for all generated packets.  This
521 	 * makes it impossible to transmit any options which vary per generated
522 	 * segment or packet.
523 	 *
524 	 * IPv4 handling has a clear separation of ip options and ip header
525 	 * flags while IPv6 combines both in in6p_outputopts. ip6_optlen() does
526 	 * the right thing below to provide length of just ip options and thus
527 	 * checking for ipoptlen is enough to decide if ip options are present.
528 	 */
529 #if defined(IPSEC) || defined(IPSEC_SUPPORT)
530 	/*
531 	 * Pre-calculate here as we save another lookup into the darknesses
532 	 * of IPsec that way and can actually decide if TSO is ok.
533 	 */
534 #ifdef INET6
535 	if (isipv6 && IPSEC_ENABLED(ipv6))
536 		ipsec_optlen = IPSEC_HDRSIZE(ipv6, tp->t_inpcb);
537 #ifdef INET
538 	else
539 #endif
540 #endif /* INET6 */
541 #ifdef INET
542 	if (IPSEC_ENABLED(ipv4))
543 		ipsec_optlen = IPSEC_HDRSIZE(ipv4, tp->t_inpcb);
544 #endif /* INET */
545 #endif /* IPSEC */
546 #ifdef INET6
547 	if (isipv6)
548 		ipoptlen = ip6_optlen(tp->t_inpcb);
549 	else
550 #endif
551 	if (tp->t_inpcb->inp_options)
552 		ipoptlen = tp->t_inpcb->inp_options->m_len -
553 				offsetof(struct ipoption, ipopt_list);
554 	else
555 		ipoptlen = 0;
556 #if defined(IPSEC) || defined(IPSEC_SUPPORT)
557 	ipoptlen += ipsec_optlen;
558 #endif
559 
560 	if ((tp->t_flags & TF_TSO) && V_tcp_do_tso && len > tp->t_maxseg &&
561 	    ((tp->t_flags & TF_SIGNATURE) == 0) &&
562 	    tp->rcv_numsacks == 0 && sack_rxmit == 0 &&
563 	    ipoptlen == 0 && !(flags & TH_SYN))
564 		tso = 1;
565 
566 	if (sack_rxmit) {
567 		if (SEQ_LT(p->rxmit + len, tp->snd_una + sbused(&so->so_snd)))
568 			flags &= ~TH_FIN;
569 	} else {
570 		if (SEQ_LT(tp->snd_nxt + len, tp->snd_una +
571 		    sbused(&so->so_snd)))
572 			flags &= ~TH_FIN;
573 	}
574 
575 	recwin = lmin(lmax(sbspace(&so->so_rcv), 0),
576 	    (long)TCP_MAXWIN << tp->rcv_scale);
577 
578 	/*
579 	 * Sender silly window avoidance.   We transmit under the following
580 	 * conditions when len is non-zero:
581 	 *
582 	 *	- We have a full segment (or more with TSO)
583 	 *	- This is the last buffer in a write()/send() and we are
584 	 *	  either idle or running NODELAY
585 	 *	- we've timed out (e.g. persist timer)
586 	 *	- we have more then 1/2 the maximum send window's worth of
587 	 *	  data (receiver may be limited the window size)
588 	 *	- we need to retransmit
589 	 */
590 	if (len) {
591 		if (len >= tp->t_maxseg)
592 			goto send;
593 		/*
594 		 * NOTE! on localhost connections an 'ack' from the remote
595 		 * end may occur synchronously with the output and cause
596 		 * us to flush a buffer queued with moretocome.  XXX
597 		 *
598 		 * note: the len + off check is almost certainly unnecessary.
599 		 */
600 		if (!(tp->t_flags & TF_MORETOCOME) &&	/* normal case */
601 		    (idle || (tp->t_flags & TF_NODELAY)) &&
602 		    (uint32_t)len + (uint32_t)off >= sbavail(&so->so_snd) &&
603 		    (tp->t_flags & TF_NOPUSH) == 0) {
604 			goto send;
605 		}
606 		if (tp->t_flags & TF_FORCEDATA)		/* typ. timeout case */
607 			goto send;
608 		if (len >= tp->max_sndwnd / 2 && tp->max_sndwnd > 0)
609 			goto send;
610 		if (SEQ_LT(tp->snd_nxt, tp->snd_max))	/* retransmit case */
611 			goto send;
612 		if (sack_rxmit)
613 			goto send;
614 	}
615 
616 	/*
617 	 * Sending of standalone window updates.
618 	 *
619 	 * Window updates are important when we close our window due to a
620 	 * full socket buffer and are opening it again after the application
621 	 * reads data from it.  Once the window has opened again and the
622 	 * remote end starts to send again the ACK clock takes over and
623 	 * provides the most current window information.
624 	 *
625 	 * We must avoid the silly window syndrome whereas every read
626 	 * from the receive buffer, no matter how small, causes a window
627 	 * update to be sent.  We also should avoid sending a flurry of
628 	 * window updates when the socket buffer had queued a lot of data
629 	 * and the application is doing small reads.
630 	 *
631 	 * Prevent a flurry of pointless window updates by only sending
632 	 * an update when we can increase the advertized window by more
633 	 * than 1/4th of the socket buffer capacity.  When the buffer is
634 	 * getting full or is very small be more aggressive and send an
635 	 * update whenever we can increase by two mss sized segments.
636 	 * In all other situations the ACK's to new incoming data will
637 	 * carry further window increases.
638 	 *
639 	 * Don't send an independent window update if a delayed
640 	 * ACK is pending (it will get piggy-backed on it) or the
641 	 * remote side already has done a half-close and won't send
642 	 * more data.  Skip this if the connection is in T/TCP
643 	 * half-open state.
644 	 */
645 	if (recwin > 0 && !(tp->t_flags & TF_NEEDSYN) &&
646 	    !(tp->t_flags & TF_DELACK) &&
647 	    !TCPS_HAVERCVDFIN(tp->t_state)) {
648 		/*
649 		 * "adv" is the amount we could increase the window,
650 		 * taking into account that we are limited by
651 		 * TCP_MAXWIN << tp->rcv_scale.
652 		 */
653 		int32_t adv;
654 		int oldwin;
655 
656 		adv = recwin;
657 		if (SEQ_GT(tp->rcv_adv, tp->rcv_nxt)) {
658 			oldwin = (tp->rcv_adv - tp->rcv_nxt);
659 			if (adv > oldwin)
660 				adv -= oldwin;
661 			else
662 				adv = 0;
663 		} else
664 			oldwin = 0;
665 
666 		/*
667 		 * If the new window size ends up being the same as or less
668 		 * than the old size when it is scaled, then don't force
669 		 * a window update.
670 		 */
671 		if (oldwin >> tp->rcv_scale >= (adv + oldwin) >> tp->rcv_scale)
672 			goto dontupdate;
673 
674 		if (adv >= (int32_t)(2 * tp->t_maxseg) &&
675 		    (adv >= (int32_t)(so->so_rcv.sb_hiwat / 4) ||
676 		     recwin <= (so->so_rcv.sb_hiwat / 8) ||
677 		     so->so_rcv.sb_hiwat <= 8 * tp->t_maxseg ||
678 		     adv >= TCP_MAXWIN << tp->rcv_scale))
679 			goto send;
680 		if (2 * adv >= (int32_t)so->so_rcv.sb_hiwat)
681 			goto send;
682 	}
683 dontupdate:
684 
685 	/*
686 	 * Send if we owe the peer an ACK, RST, SYN, or urgent data.  ACKNOW
687 	 * is also a catch-all for the retransmit timer timeout case.
688 	 */
689 	if (tp->t_flags & TF_ACKNOW)
690 		goto send;
691 	if ((flags & TH_RST) ||
692 	    ((flags & TH_SYN) && (tp->t_flags & TF_NEEDSYN) == 0))
693 		goto send;
694 	if (SEQ_GT(tp->snd_up, tp->snd_una))
695 		goto send;
696 	/*
697 	 * If our state indicates that FIN should be sent
698 	 * and we have not yet done so, then we need to send.
699 	 */
700 	if (flags & TH_FIN &&
701 	    ((tp->t_flags & TF_SENTFIN) == 0 || tp->snd_nxt == tp->snd_una))
702 		goto send;
703 	/*
704 	 * In SACK, it is possible for tcp_output to fail to send a segment
705 	 * after the retransmission timer has been turned off.  Make sure
706 	 * that the retransmission timer is set.
707 	 */
708 	if ((tp->t_flags & TF_SACK_PERMIT) &&
709 	    SEQ_GT(tp->snd_max, tp->snd_una) &&
710 	    !tcp_timer_active(tp, TT_REXMT) &&
711 	    !tcp_timer_active(tp, TT_PERSIST)) {
712 		tcp_timer_activate(tp, TT_REXMT, tp->t_rxtcur);
713 		goto just_return;
714 	}
715 	/*
716 	 * TCP window updates are not reliable, rather a polling protocol
717 	 * using ``persist'' packets is used to insure receipt of window
718 	 * updates.  The three ``states'' for the output side are:
719 	 *	idle			not doing retransmits or persists
720 	 *	persisting		to move a small or zero window
721 	 *	(re)transmitting	and thereby not persisting
722 	 *
723 	 * tcp_timer_active(tp, TT_PERSIST)
724 	 *	is true when we are in persist state.
725 	 * (tp->t_flags & TF_FORCEDATA)
726 	 *	is set when we are called to send a persist packet.
727 	 * tcp_timer_active(tp, TT_REXMT)
728 	 *	is set when we are retransmitting
729 	 * The output side is idle when both timers are zero.
730 	 *
731 	 * If send window is too small, there is data to transmit, and no
732 	 * retransmit or persist is pending, then go to persist state.
733 	 * If nothing happens soon, send when timer expires:
734 	 * if window is nonzero, transmit what we can,
735 	 * otherwise force out a byte.
736 	 */
737 	if (sbavail(&so->so_snd) && !tcp_timer_active(tp, TT_REXMT) &&
738 	    !tcp_timer_active(tp, TT_PERSIST)) {
739 		tp->t_rxtshift = 0;
740 		tcp_setpersist(tp);
741 	}
742 
743 	/*
744 	 * No reason to send a segment, just return.
745 	 */
746 just_return:
747 	SOCKBUF_UNLOCK(&so->so_snd);
748 	return (0);
749 
750 send:
751 	SOCKBUF_LOCK_ASSERT(&so->so_snd);
752 	if (len > 0) {
753 		if (len >= tp->t_maxseg)
754 			tp->t_flags2 |= TF2_PLPMTU_MAXSEGSNT;
755 		else
756 			tp->t_flags2 &= ~TF2_PLPMTU_MAXSEGSNT;
757 	}
758 	/*
759 	 * Before ESTABLISHED, force sending of initial options
760 	 * unless TCP set not to do any options.
761 	 * NOTE: we assume that the IP/TCP header plus TCP options
762 	 * always fit in a single mbuf, leaving room for a maximum
763 	 * link header, i.e.
764 	 *	max_linkhdr + sizeof (struct tcpiphdr) + optlen <= MCLBYTES
765 	 */
766 	optlen = 0;
767 #ifdef INET6
768 	if (isipv6)
769 		hdrlen = sizeof (struct ip6_hdr) + sizeof (struct tcphdr);
770 	else
771 #endif
772 		hdrlen = sizeof (struct tcpiphdr);
773 
774 	/*
775 	 * Compute options for segment.
776 	 * We only have to care about SYN and established connection
777 	 * segments.  Options for SYN-ACK segments are handled in TCP
778 	 * syncache.
779 	 */
780 	to.to_flags = 0;
781 	if ((tp->t_flags & TF_NOOPT) == 0) {
782 		/* Maximum segment size. */
783 		if (flags & TH_SYN) {
784 			tp->snd_nxt = tp->iss;
785 			to.to_mss = tcp_mssopt(&tp->t_inpcb->inp_inc);
786 			to.to_flags |= TOF_MSS;
787 
788 			/*
789 			 * On SYN or SYN|ACK transmits on TFO connections,
790 			 * only include the TFO option if it is not a
791 			 * retransmit, as the presence of the TFO option may
792 			 * have caused the original SYN or SYN|ACK to have
793 			 * been dropped by a middlebox.
794 			 */
795 			if (IS_FASTOPEN(tp->t_flags) &&
796 			    (tp->t_rxtshift == 0)) {
797 				if (tp->t_state == TCPS_SYN_RECEIVED) {
798 					to.to_tfo_len = TCP_FASTOPEN_COOKIE_LEN;
799 					to.to_tfo_cookie =
800 					    (u_int8_t *)&tp->t_tfo_cookie.server;
801 					to.to_flags |= TOF_FASTOPEN;
802 					wanted_cookie = 1;
803 				} else if (tp->t_state == TCPS_SYN_SENT) {
804 					to.to_tfo_len =
805 					    tp->t_tfo_client_cookie_len;
806 					to.to_tfo_cookie =
807 					    tp->t_tfo_cookie.client;
808 					to.to_flags |= TOF_FASTOPEN;
809 					wanted_cookie = 1;
810 					/*
811 					 * If we wind up having more data to
812 					 * send with the SYN than can fit in
813 					 * one segment, don't send any more
814 					 * until the SYN|ACK comes back from
815 					 * the other end.
816 					 */
817 					dont_sendalot = 1;
818 				}
819 			}
820 		}
821 		/* Window scaling. */
822 		if ((flags & TH_SYN) && (tp->t_flags & TF_REQ_SCALE)) {
823 			to.to_wscale = tp->request_r_scale;
824 			to.to_flags |= TOF_SCALE;
825 		}
826 		/* Timestamps. */
827 		if ((tp->t_flags & TF_RCVD_TSTMP) ||
828 		    ((flags & TH_SYN) && (tp->t_flags & TF_REQ_TSTMP))) {
829 			curticks = tcp_ts_getticks();
830 			to.to_tsval = curticks + tp->ts_offset;
831 			to.to_tsecr = tp->ts_recent;
832 			to.to_flags |= TOF_TS;
833 			if (tp->t_rxtshift == 1)
834 				tp->t_badrxtwin = curticks;
835 		}
836 
837 		/* Set receive buffer autosizing timestamp. */
838 		if (tp->rfbuf_ts == 0 &&
839 		    (so->so_rcv.sb_flags & SB_AUTOSIZE))
840 			tp->rfbuf_ts = tcp_ts_getticks();
841 
842 		/* Selective ACK's. */
843 		if (tp->t_flags & TF_SACK_PERMIT) {
844 			if (flags & TH_SYN)
845 				to.to_flags |= TOF_SACKPERM;
846 			else if (TCPS_HAVEESTABLISHED(tp->t_state) &&
847 			    (tp->t_flags & TF_SACK_PERMIT) &&
848 			    tp->rcv_numsacks > 0) {
849 				to.to_flags |= TOF_SACK;
850 				to.to_nsacks = tp->rcv_numsacks;
851 				to.to_sacks = (u_char *)tp->sackblks;
852 			}
853 		}
854 #if defined(IPSEC_SUPPORT) || defined(TCP_SIGNATURE)
855 		/* TCP-MD5 (RFC2385). */
856 		/*
857 		 * Check that TCP_MD5SIG is enabled in tcpcb to
858 		 * account the size needed to set this TCP option.
859 		 */
860 		if (tp->t_flags & TF_SIGNATURE)
861 			to.to_flags |= TOF_SIGNATURE;
862 #endif /* TCP_SIGNATURE */
863 
864 		/* Processing the options. */
865 		hdrlen += optlen = tcp_addoptions(&to, opt);
866 		/*
867 		 * If we wanted a TFO option to be added, but it was unable
868 		 * to fit, ensure no data is sent.
869 		 */
870 		if (IS_FASTOPEN(tp->t_flags) && wanted_cookie &&
871 		    !(to.to_flags & TOF_FASTOPEN))
872 			len = 0;
873 	}
874 
875 	/*
876 	 * Adjust data length if insertion of options will
877 	 * bump the packet length beyond the t_maxseg length.
878 	 * Clear the FIN bit because we cut off the tail of
879 	 * the segment.
880 	 */
881 	if (len + optlen + ipoptlen > tp->t_maxseg) {
882 		flags &= ~TH_FIN;
883 
884 		if (tso) {
885 			u_int if_hw_tsomax;
886 			u_int moff;
887 			int max_len;
888 
889 			/* extract TSO information */
890 			if_hw_tsomax = tp->t_tsomax;
891 			if_hw_tsomaxsegcount = tp->t_tsomaxsegcount;
892 			if_hw_tsomaxsegsize = tp->t_tsomaxsegsize;
893 
894 			/*
895 			 * Limit a TSO burst to prevent it from
896 			 * overflowing or exceeding the maximum length
897 			 * allowed by the network interface:
898 			 */
899 			KASSERT(ipoptlen == 0,
900 			    ("%s: TSO can't do IP options", __func__));
901 
902 			/*
903 			 * Check if we should limit by maximum payload
904 			 * length:
905 			 */
906 			if (if_hw_tsomax != 0) {
907 				/* compute maximum TSO length */
908 				max_len = (if_hw_tsomax - hdrlen -
909 				    max_linkhdr);
910 				if (max_len <= 0) {
911 					len = 0;
912 				} else if (len > max_len) {
913 					sendalot = 1;
914 					len = max_len;
915 				}
916 			}
917 
918 			/*
919 			 * Prevent the last segment from being
920 			 * fractional unless the send sockbuf can be
921 			 * emptied:
922 			 */
923 			max_len = (tp->t_maxseg - optlen);
924 			if (((uint32_t)off + (uint32_t)len) <
925 			    sbavail(&so->so_snd)) {
926 				moff = len % max_len;
927 				if (moff != 0) {
928 					len -= moff;
929 					sendalot = 1;
930 				}
931 			}
932 
933 			/*
934 			 * In case there are too many small fragments
935 			 * don't use TSO:
936 			 */
937 			if (len <= max_len) {
938 				len = max_len;
939 				sendalot = 1;
940 				tso = 0;
941 			}
942 
943 			/*
944 			 * Send the FIN in a separate segment
945 			 * after the bulk sending is done.
946 			 * We don't trust the TSO implementations
947 			 * to clear the FIN flag on all but the
948 			 * last segment.
949 			 */
950 			if (tp->t_flags & TF_NEEDFIN)
951 				sendalot = 1;
952 		} else {
953 			if (optlen + ipoptlen >= tp->t_maxseg) {
954 				/*
955 				 * Since we don't have enough space to put
956 				 * the IP header chain and the TCP header in
957 				 * one packet as required by RFC 7112, don't
958 				 * send it. Also ensure that at least one
959 				 * byte of the payload can be put into the
960 				 * TCP segment.
961 				 */
962 				SOCKBUF_UNLOCK(&so->so_snd);
963 				error = EMSGSIZE;
964 				sack_rxmit = 0;
965 				goto out;
966 			}
967 			len = tp->t_maxseg - optlen - ipoptlen;
968 			sendalot = 1;
969 			if (dont_sendalot)
970 				sendalot = 0;
971 		}
972 	} else
973 		tso = 0;
974 
975 	KASSERT(len + hdrlen + ipoptlen <= IP_MAXPACKET,
976 	    ("%s: len > IP_MAXPACKET", __func__));
977 
978 /*#ifdef DIAGNOSTIC*/
979 #ifdef INET6
980 	if (max_linkhdr + hdrlen > MCLBYTES)
981 #else
982 	if (max_linkhdr + hdrlen > MHLEN)
983 #endif
984 		panic("tcphdr too big");
985 /*#endif*/
986 
987 	/*
988 	 * This KASSERT is here to catch edge cases at a well defined place.
989 	 * Before, those had triggered (random) panic conditions further down.
990 	 */
991 	KASSERT(len >= 0, ("[%s:%d]: len < 0", __func__, __LINE__));
992 
993 	/*
994 	 * Grab a header mbuf, attaching a copy of data to
995 	 * be transmitted, and initialize the header from
996 	 * the template for sends on this connection.
997 	 */
998 	if (len) {
999 		struct mbuf *mb;
1000 		struct sockbuf *msb;
1001 		u_int moff;
1002 
1003 		if ((tp->t_flags & TF_FORCEDATA) && len == 1) {
1004 			TCPSTAT_INC(tcps_sndprobe);
1005 #ifdef STATS
1006 			if (SEQ_LT(tp->snd_nxt, tp->snd_max))
1007 				stats_voi_update_abs_u32(tp->t_stats,
1008 				VOI_TCP_RETXPB, len);
1009 			else
1010 				stats_voi_update_abs_u64(tp->t_stats,
1011 				    VOI_TCP_TXPB, len);
1012 #endif /* STATS */
1013 		} else if (SEQ_LT(tp->snd_nxt, tp->snd_max) || sack_rxmit) {
1014 			tp->t_sndrexmitpack++;
1015 			TCPSTAT_INC(tcps_sndrexmitpack);
1016 			TCPSTAT_ADD(tcps_sndrexmitbyte, len);
1017 #ifdef STATS
1018 			stats_voi_update_abs_u32(tp->t_stats, VOI_TCP_RETXPB,
1019 			    len);
1020 #endif /* STATS */
1021 		} else {
1022 			TCPSTAT_INC(tcps_sndpack);
1023 			TCPSTAT_ADD(tcps_sndbyte, len);
1024 #ifdef STATS
1025 			stats_voi_update_abs_u64(tp->t_stats, VOI_TCP_TXPB,
1026 			    len);
1027 #endif /* STATS */
1028 		}
1029 #ifdef INET6
1030 		if (MHLEN < hdrlen + max_linkhdr)
1031 			m = m_getcl(M_NOWAIT, MT_DATA, M_PKTHDR);
1032 		else
1033 #endif
1034 			m = m_gethdr(M_NOWAIT, MT_DATA);
1035 
1036 		if (m == NULL) {
1037 			SOCKBUF_UNLOCK(&so->so_snd);
1038 			error = ENOBUFS;
1039 			sack_rxmit = 0;
1040 			goto out;
1041 		}
1042 
1043 		m->m_data += max_linkhdr;
1044 		m->m_len = hdrlen;
1045 
1046 		/*
1047 		 * Start the m_copy functions from the closest mbuf
1048 		 * to the offset in the socket buffer chain.
1049 		 */
1050 		mb = sbsndptr_noadv(&so->so_snd, off, &moff);
1051 		if (len <= MHLEN - hdrlen - max_linkhdr && !hw_tls) {
1052 			m_copydata(mb, moff, len,
1053 			    mtod(m, caddr_t) + hdrlen);
1054 			if (SEQ_LT(tp->snd_nxt, tp->snd_max))
1055 				sbsndptr_adv(&so->so_snd, mb, len);
1056 			m->m_len += len;
1057 		} else {
1058 			if (SEQ_LT(tp->snd_nxt, tp->snd_max))
1059 				msb = NULL;
1060 			else
1061 				msb = &so->so_snd;
1062 			m->m_next = tcp_m_copym(mb, moff,
1063 			    &len, if_hw_tsomaxsegcount,
1064 			    if_hw_tsomaxsegsize, msb, hw_tls);
1065 			if (len <= (tp->t_maxseg - optlen)) {
1066 				/*
1067 				 * Must have ran out of mbufs for the copy
1068 				 * shorten it to no longer need tso. Lets
1069 				 * not put on sendalot since we are low on
1070 				 * mbufs.
1071 				 */
1072 				tso = 0;
1073 			}
1074 			if (m->m_next == NULL) {
1075 				SOCKBUF_UNLOCK(&so->so_snd);
1076 				(void) m_free(m);
1077 				error = ENOBUFS;
1078 				sack_rxmit = 0;
1079 				goto out;
1080 			}
1081 		}
1082 
1083 		/*
1084 		 * If we're sending everything we've got, set PUSH.
1085 		 * (This will keep happy those implementations which only
1086 		 * give data to the user when a buffer fills or
1087 		 * a PUSH comes in.)
1088 		 */
1089 		if (((uint32_t)off + (uint32_t)len == sbused(&so->so_snd)) &&
1090 		    !(flags & TH_SYN))
1091 			flags |= TH_PUSH;
1092 		SOCKBUF_UNLOCK(&so->so_snd);
1093 	} else {
1094 		SOCKBUF_UNLOCK(&so->so_snd);
1095 		if (tp->t_flags & TF_ACKNOW)
1096 			TCPSTAT_INC(tcps_sndacks);
1097 		else if (flags & (TH_SYN|TH_FIN|TH_RST))
1098 			TCPSTAT_INC(tcps_sndctrl);
1099 		else if (SEQ_GT(tp->snd_up, tp->snd_una))
1100 			TCPSTAT_INC(tcps_sndurg);
1101 		else
1102 			TCPSTAT_INC(tcps_sndwinup);
1103 
1104 		m = m_gethdr(M_NOWAIT, MT_DATA);
1105 		if (m == NULL) {
1106 			error = ENOBUFS;
1107 			sack_rxmit = 0;
1108 			goto out;
1109 		}
1110 #ifdef INET6
1111 		if (isipv6 && (MHLEN < hdrlen + max_linkhdr) &&
1112 		    MHLEN >= hdrlen) {
1113 			M_ALIGN(m, hdrlen);
1114 		} else
1115 #endif
1116 		m->m_data += max_linkhdr;
1117 		m->m_len = hdrlen;
1118 	}
1119 	SOCKBUF_UNLOCK_ASSERT(&so->so_snd);
1120 	m->m_pkthdr.rcvif = (struct ifnet *)0;
1121 #ifdef MAC
1122 	mac_inpcb_create_mbuf(tp->t_inpcb, m);
1123 #endif
1124 #ifdef INET6
1125 	if (isipv6) {
1126 		ip6 = mtod(m, struct ip6_hdr *);
1127 		th = (struct tcphdr *)(ip6 + 1);
1128 		tcpip_fillheaders(tp->t_inpcb, ip6, th);
1129 	} else
1130 #endif /* INET6 */
1131 	{
1132 		ip = mtod(m, struct ip *);
1133 #ifdef TCPDEBUG
1134 		ipov = (struct ipovly *)ip;
1135 #endif
1136 		th = (struct tcphdr *)(ip + 1);
1137 		tcpip_fillheaders(tp->t_inpcb, ip, th);
1138 	}
1139 
1140 	/*
1141 	 * Fill in fields, remembering maximum advertised
1142 	 * window for use in delaying messages about window sizes.
1143 	 * If resending a FIN, be sure not to use a new sequence number.
1144 	 */
1145 	if (flags & TH_FIN && tp->t_flags & TF_SENTFIN &&
1146 	    tp->snd_nxt == tp->snd_max)
1147 		tp->snd_nxt--;
1148 	/*
1149 	 * If we are starting a connection, send ECN setup
1150 	 * SYN packet. If we are on a retransmit, we may
1151 	 * resend those bits a number of times as per
1152 	 * RFC 3168.
1153 	 */
1154 	if (tp->t_state == TCPS_SYN_SENT && V_tcp_do_ecn == 1) {
1155 		if (tp->t_rxtshift >= 1) {
1156 			if (tp->t_rxtshift <= V_tcp_ecn_maxretries)
1157 				flags |= TH_ECE|TH_CWR;
1158 		} else
1159 			flags |= TH_ECE|TH_CWR;
1160 	}
1161 	/* Handle parallel SYN for ECN */
1162 	if ((tp->t_state == TCPS_SYN_RECEIVED) &&
1163 	    (tp->t_flags2 & TF2_ECN_SND_ECE)) {
1164 			flags |= TH_ECE;
1165 			tp->t_flags2 &= ~TF2_ECN_SND_ECE;
1166 	}
1167 
1168 	if (tp->t_state == TCPS_ESTABLISHED &&
1169 	    (tp->t_flags2 & TF2_ECN_PERMIT)) {
1170 		/*
1171 		 * If the peer has ECN, mark data packets with
1172 		 * ECN capable transmission (ECT).
1173 		 * Ignore pure ack packets, retransmissions and window probes.
1174 		 */
1175 		if (len > 0 && SEQ_GEQ(tp->snd_nxt, tp->snd_max) &&
1176 		    (sack_rxmit == 0) &&
1177 		    !((tp->t_flags & TF_FORCEDATA) && len == 1 &&
1178 		    SEQ_LT(tp->snd_una, tp->snd_max))) {
1179 #ifdef INET6
1180 			if (isipv6)
1181 				ip6->ip6_flow |= htonl(IPTOS_ECN_ECT0 << 20);
1182 			else
1183 #endif
1184 				ip->ip_tos |= IPTOS_ECN_ECT0;
1185 			TCPSTAT_INC(tcps_ecn_ect0);
1186 			/*
1187 			 * Reply with proper ECN notifications.
1188 			 * Only set CWR on new data segments.
1189 			 */
1190 			if (tp->t_flags2 & TF2_ECN_SND_CWR) {
1191 				flags |= TH_CWR;
1192 				tp->t_flags2 &= ~TF2_ECN_SND_CWR;
1193 			}
1194 		}
1195 		if (tp->t_flags2 & TF2_ECN_SND_ECE)
1196 			flags |= TH_ECE;
1197 	}
1198 
1199 	/*
1200 	 * If we are doing retransmissions, then snd_nxt will
1201 	 * not reflect the first unsent octet.  For ACK only
1202 	 * packets, we do not want the sequence number of the
1203 	 * retransmitted packet, we want the sequence number
1204 	 * of the next unsent octet.  So, if there is no data
1205 	 * (and no SYN or FIN), use snd_max instead of snd_nxt
1206 	 * when filling in ti_seq.  But if we are in persist
1207 	 * state, snd_max might reflect one byte beyond the
1208 	 * right edge of the window, so use snd_nxt in that
1209 	 * case, since we know we aren't doing a retransmission.
1210 	 * (retransmit and persist are mutually exclusive...)
1211 	 */
1212 	if (sack_rxmit == 0) {
1213 		if (len || (flags & (TH_SYN|TH_FIN)) ||
1214 		    tcp_timer_active(tp, TT_PERSIST))
1215 			th->th_seq = htonl(tp->snd_nxt);
1216 		else
1217 			th->th_seq = htonl(tp->snd_max);
1218 	} else {
1219 		th->th_seq = htonl(p->rxmit);
1220 		p->rxmit += len;
1221 		tp->sackhint.sack_bytes_rexmit += len;
1222 	}
1223 	th->th_ack = htonl(tp->rcv_nxt);
1224 	if (optlen) {
1225 		bcopy(opt, th + 1, optlen);
1226 		th->th_off = (sizeof (struct tcphdr) + optlen) >> 2;
1227 	}
1228 	th->th_flags = flags;
1229 	/*
1230 	 * Calculate receive window.  Don't shrink window,
1231 	 * but avoid silly window syndrome.
1232 	 * If a RST segment is sent, advertise a window of zero.
1233 	 */
1234 	if (flags & TH_RST) {
1235 		recwin = 0;
1236 	} else {
1237 		if (recwin < (so->so_rcv.sb_hiwat / 4) &&
1238 		    recwin < tp->t_maxseg)
1239 			recwin = 0;
1240 		if (SEQ_GT(tp->rcv_adv, tp->rcv_nxt) &&
1241 		    recwin < (tp->rcv_adv - tp->rcv_nxt))
1242 			recwin = (tp->rcv_adv - tp->rcv_nxt);
1243 	}
1244 	/*
1245 	 * According to RFC1323 the window field in a SYN (i.e., a <SYN>
1246 	 * or <SYN,ACK>) segment itself is never scaled.  The <SYN,ACK>
1247 	 * case is handled in syncache.
1248 	 */
1249 	if (flags & TH_SYN)
1250 		th->th_win = htons((u_short)
1251 				(min(sbspace(&so->so_rcv), TCP_MAXWIN)));
1252 	else {
1253 		/* Avoid shrinking window with window scaling. */
1254 		recwin = roundup2(recwin, 1 << tp->rcv_scale);
1255 		th->th_win = htons((u_short)(recwin >> tp->rcv_scale));
1256 	}
1257 
1258 	/*
1259 	 * Adjust the RXWIN0SENT flag - indicate that we have advertised
1260 	 * a 0 window.  This may cause the remote transmitter to stall.  This
1261 	 * flag tells soreceive() to disable delayed acknowledgements when
1262 	 * draining the buffer.  This can occur if the receiver is attempting
1263 	 * to read more data than can be buffered prior to transmitting on
1264 	 * the connection.
1265 	 */
1266 	if (th->th_win == 0) {
1267 		tp->t_sndzerowin++;
1268 		tp->t_flags |= TF_RXWIN0SENT;
1269 	} else
1270 		tp->t_flags &= ~TF_RXWIN0SENT;
1271 	if (SEQ_GT(tp->snd_up, tp->snd_nxt)) {
1272 		th->th_urp = htons((u_short)(tp->snd_up - tp->snd_nxt));
1273 		th->th_flags |= TH_URG;
1274 	} else
1275 		/*
1276 		 * If no urgent pointer to send, then we pull
1277 		 * the urgent pointer to the left edge of the send window
1278 		 * so that it doesn't drift into the send window on sequence
1279 		 * number wraparound.
1280 		 */
1281 		tp->snd_up = tp->snd_una;		/* drag it along */
1282 
1283 	/*
1284 	 * Put TCP length in extended header, and then
1285 	 * checksum extended header and data.
1286 	 */
1287 	m->m_pkthdr.len = hdrlen + len; /* in6_cksum() need this */
1288 	m->m_pkthdr.csum_data = offsetof(struct tcphdr, th_sum);
1289 
1290 #if defined(IPSEC_SUPPORT) || defined(TCP_SIGNATURE)
1291 	if (to.to_flags & TOF_SIGNATURE) {
1292 		/*
1293 		 * Calculate MD5 signature and put it into the place
1294 		 * determined before.
1295 		 * NOTE: since TCP options buffer doesn't point into
1296 		 * mbuf's data, calculate offset and use it.
1297 		 */
1298 		if (!TCPMD5_ENABLED() || (error = TCPMD5_OUTPUT(m, th,
1299 		    (u_char *)(th + 1) + (to.to_signature - opt))) != 0) {
1300 			/*
1301 			 * Do not send segment if the calculation of MD5
1302 			 * digest has failed.
1303 			 */
1304 			m_freem(m);
1305 			goto out;
1306 		}
1307 	}
1308 #endif
1309 #ifdef INET6
1310 	if (isipv6) {
1311 		/*
1312 		 * There is no need to fill in ip6_plen right now.
1313 		 * It will be filled later by ip6_output.
1314 		 */
1315 		m->m_pkthdr.csum_flags = CSUM_TCP_IPV6;
1316 		th->th_sum = in6_cksum_pseudo(ip6, sizeof(struct tcphdr) +
1317 		    optlen + len, IPPROTO_TCP, 0);
1318 	}
1319 #endif
1320 #if defined(INET6) && defined(INET)
1321 	else
1322 #endif
1323 #ifdef INET
1324 	{
1325 		m->m_pkthdr.csum_flags = CSUM_TCP;
1326 		th->th_sum = in_pseudo(ip->ip_src.s_addr, ip->ip_dst.s_addr,
1327 		    htons(sizeof(struct tcphdr) + IPPROTO_TCP + len + optlen));
1328 
1329 		/* IP version must be set here for ipv4/ipv6 checking later */
1330 		KASSERT(ip->ip_v == IPVERSION,
1331 		    ("%s: IP version incorrect: %d", __func__, ip->ip_v));
1332 	}
1333 #endif
1334 
1335 	/*
1336 	 * Enable TSO and specify the size of the segments.
1337 	 * The TCP pseudo header checksum is always provided.
1338 	 */
1339 	if (tso) {
1340 		KASSERT(len > tp->t_maxseg - optlen,
1341 		    ("%s: len <= tso_segsz", __func__));
1342 		m->m_pkthdr.csum_flags |= CSUM_TSO;
1343 		m->m_pkthdr.tso_segsz = tp->t_maxseg - optlen;
1344 	}
1345 
1346 	KASSERT(len + hdrlen == m_length(m, NULL),
1347 	    ("%s: mbuf chain shorter than expected: %d + %u != %u",
1348 	    __func__, len, hdrlen, m_length(m, NULL)));
1349 
1350 #ifdef TCP_HHOOK
1351 	/* Run HHOOK_TCP_ESTABLISHED_OUT helper hooks. */
1352 	hhook_run_tcp_est_out(tp, th, &to, len, tso);
1353 #endif
1354 
1355 #ifdef TCPDEBUG
1356 	/*
1357 	 * Trace.
1358 	 */
1359 	if (so->so_options & SO_DEBUG) {
1360 		u_short save = 0;
1361 #ifdef INET6
1362 		if (!isipv6)
1363 #endif
1364 		{
1365 			save = ipov->ih_len;
1366 			ipov->ih_len = htons(m->m_pkthdr.len /* - hdrlen + (th->th_off << 2) */);
1367 		}
1368 		tcp_trace(TA_OUTPUT, tp->t_state, tp, mtod(m, void *), th, 0);
1369 #ifdef INET6
1370 		if (!isipv6)
1371 #endif
1372 		ipov->ih_len = save;
1373 	}
1374 #endif /* TCPDEBUG */
1375 	TCP_PROBE3(debug__output, tp, th, m);
1376 
1377 	/* We're getting ready to send; log now. */
1378 	TCP_LOG_EVENT(tp, th, &so->so_rcv, &so->so_snd, TCP_LOG_OUT, ERRNO_UNK,
1379 	    len, NULL, false);
1380 
1381 	/*
1382 	 * Fill in IP length and desired time to live and
1383 	 * send to IP level.  There should be a better way
1384 	 * to handle ttl and tos; we could keep them in
1385 	 * the template, but need a way to checksum without them.
1386 	 */
1387 	/*
1388 	 * m->m_pkthdr.len should have been set before checksum calculation,
1389 	 * because in6_cksum() need it.
1390 	 */
1391 #ifdef INET6
1392 	if (isipv6) {
1393 		/*
1394 		 * we separately set hoplimit for every segment, since the
1395 		 * user might want to change the value via setsockopt.
1396 		 * Also, desired default hop limit might be changed via
1397 		 * Neighbor Discovery.
1398 		 */
1399 		ip6->ip6_hlim = in6_selecthlim(tp->t_inpcb, NULL);
1400 
1401 		/*
1402 		 * Set the packet size here for the benefit of DTrace probes.
1403 		 * ip6_output() will set it properly; it's supposed to include
1404 		 * the option header lengths as well.
1405 		 */
1406 		ip6->ip6_plen = htons(m->m_pkthdr.len - sizeof(*ip6));
1407 
1408 		if (V_path_mtu_discovery && tp->t_maxseg > V_tcp_minmss)
1409 			tp->t_flags2 |= TF2_PLPMTU_PMTUD;
1410 		else
1411 			tp->t_flags2 &= ~TF2_PLPMTU_PMTUD;
1412 
1413 		if (tp->t_state == TCPS_SYN_SENT)
1414 			TCP_PROBE5(connect__request, NULL, tp, ip6, tp, th);
1415 
1416 		TCP_PROBE5(send, NULL, tp, ip6, tp, th);
1417 
1418 #ifdef TCPPCAP
1419 		/* Save packet, if requested. */
1420 		tcp_pcap_add(th, m, &(tp->t_outpkts));
1421 #endif
1422 
1423 		/* TODO: IPv6 IP6TOS_ECT bit on */
1424 		error = ip6_output(m, tp->t_inpcb->in6p_outputopts,
1425 		    &tp->t_inpcb->inp_route6,
1426 		    ((so->so_options & SO_DONTROUTE) ?  IP_ROUTETOIF : 0),
1427 		    NULL, NULL, tp->t_inpcb);
1428 
1429 		if (error == EMSGSIZE && tp->t_inpcb->inp_route6.ro_nh != NULL)
1430 			mtu = tp->t_inpcb->inp_route6.ro_nh->nh_mtu;
1431 	}
1432 #endif /* INET6 */
1433 #if defined(INET) && defined(INET6)
1434 	else
1435 #endif
1436 #ifdef INET
1437     {
1438 	ip->ip_len = htons(m->m_pkthdr.len);
1439 #ifdef INET6
1440 	if (tp->t_inpcb->inp_vflag & INP_IPV6PROTO)
1441 		ip->ip_ttl = in6_selecthlim(tp->t_inpcb, NULL);
1442 #endif /* INET6 */
1443 	/*
1444 	 * If we do path MTU discovery, then we set DF on every packet.
1445 	 * This might not be the best thing to do according to RFC3390
1446 	 * Section 2. However the tcp hostcache migitates the problem
1447 	 * so it affects only the first tcp connection with a host.
1448 	 *
1449 	 * NB: Don't set DF on small MTU/MSS to have a safe fallback.
1450 	 */
1451 	if (V_path_mtu_discovery && tp->t_maxseg > V_tcp_minmss) {
1452 		ip->ip_off |= htons(IP_DF);
1453 		tp->t_flags2 |= TF2_PLPMTU_PMTUD;
1454 	} else {
1455 		tp->t_flags2 &= ~TF2_PLPMTU_PMTUD;
1456 	}
1457 
1458 	if (tp->t_state == TCPS_SYN_SENT)
1459 		TCP_PROBE5(connect__request, NULL, tp, ip, tp, th);
1460 
1461 	TCP_PROBE5(send, NULL, tp, ip, tp, th);
1462 
1463 #ifdef TCPPCAP
1464 	/* Save packet, if requested. */
1465 	tcp_pcap_add(th, m, &(tp->t_outpkts));
1466 #endif
1467 
1468 	error = ip_output(m, tp->t_inpcb->inp_options, &tp->t_inpcb->inp_route,
1469 	    ((so->so_options & SO_DONTROUTE) ? IP_ROUTETOIF : 0), 0,
1470 	    tp->t_inpcb);
1471 
1472 	if (error == EMSGSIZE && tp->t_inpcb->inp_route.ro_nh != NULL)
1473 		mtu = tp->t_inpcb->inp_route.ro_nh->nh_mtu;
1474     }
1475 #endif /* INET */
1476 
1477 out:
1478 	/*
1479 	 * In transmit state, time the transmission and arrange for
1480 	 * the retransmit.  In persist state, just set snd_max.
1481 	 */
1482 	if ((tp->t_flags & TF_FORCEDATA) == 0 ||
1483 	    !tcp_timer_active(tp, TT_PERSIST)) {
1484 		tcp_seq startseq = tp->snd_nxt;
1485 
1486 		/*
1487 		 * Advance snd_nxt over sequence space of this segment.
1488 		 */
1489 		if (flags & (TH_SYN|TH_FIN)) {
1490 			if (flags & TH_SYN)
1491 				tp->snd_nxt++;
1492 			if (flags & TH_FIN) {
1493 				tp->snd_nxt++;
1494 				tp->t_flags |= TF_SENTFIN;
1495 			}
1496 		}
1497 		if (sack_rxmit)
1498 			goto timer;
1499 		tp->snd_nxt += len;
1500 		if (SEQ_GT(tp->snd_nxt, tp->snd_max)) {
1501 			tp->snd_max = tp->snd_nxt;
1502 			/*
1503 			 * Time this transmission if not a retransmission and
1504 			 * not currently timing anything.
1505 			 */
1506 			tp->t_sndtime = ticks;
1507 			if (tp->t_rtttime == 0) {
1508 				tp->t_rtttime = ticks;
1509 				tp->t_rtseq = startseq;
1510 				TCPSTAT_INC(tcps_segstimed);
1511 			}
1512 #ifdef STATS
1513 			if (!(tp->t_flags & TF_GPUTINPROG) && len) {
1514 				tp->t_flags |= TF_GPUTINPROG;
1515 				tp->gput_seq = startseq;
1516 				tp->gput_ack = startseq +
1517 				    ulmin(sbavail(&so->so_snd) - off, sendwin);
1518 				tp->gput_ts = tcp_ts_getticks();
1519 			}
1520 #endif /* STATS */
1521 		}
1522 
1523 		/*
1524 		 * Set retransmit timer if not currently set,
1525 		 * and not doing a pure ack or a keep-alive probe.
1526 		 * Initial value for retransmit timer is smoothed
1527 		 * round-trip time + 2 * round-trip time variance.
1528 		 * Initialize shift counter which is used for backoff
1529 		 * of retransmit time.
1530 		 */
1531 timer:
1532 		if (!tcp_timer_active(tp, TT_REXMT) &&
1533 		    ((sack_rxmit && tp->snd_nxt != tp->snd_max) ||
1534 		     (tp->snd_nxt != tp->snd_una))) {
1535 			if (tcp_timer_active(tp, TT_PERSIST)) {
1536 				tcp_timer_activate(tp, TT_PERSIST, 0);
1537 				tp->t_rxtshift = 0;
1538 			}
1539 			tcp_timer_activate(tp, TT_REXMT, tp->t_rxtcur);
1540 		} else if (len == 0 && sbavail(&so->so_snd) &&
1541 		    !tcp_timer_active(tp, TT_REXMT) &&
1542 		    !tcp_timer_active(tp, TT_PERSIST)) {
1543 			/*
1544 			 * Avoid a situation where we do not set persist timer
1545 			 * after a zero window condition. For example:
1546 			 * 1) A -> B: packet with enough data to fill the window
1547 			 * 2) B -> A: ACK for #1 + new data (0 window
1548 			 *    advertisement)
1549 			 * 3) A -> B: ACK for #2, 0 len packet
1550 			 *
1551 			 * In this case, A will not activate the persist timer,
1552 			 * because it chose to send a packet. Unless tcp_output
1553 			 * is called for some other reason (delayed ack timer,
1554 			 * another input packet from B, socket syscall), A will
1555 			 * not send zero window probes.
1556 			 *
1557 			 * So, if you send a 0-length packet, but there is data
1558 			 * in the socket buffer, and neither the rexmt or
1559 			 * persist timer is already set, then activate the
1560 			 * persist timer.
1561 			 */
1562 			tp->t_rxtshift = 0;
1563 			tcp_setpersist(tp);
1564 		}
1565 	} else {
1566 		/*
1567 		 * Persist case, update snd_max but since we are in
1568 		 * persist mode (no window) we do not update snd_nxt.
1569 		 */
1570 		int xlen = len;
1571 		if (flags & TH_SYN)
1572 			++xlen;
1573 		if (flags & TH_FIN) {
1574 			++xlen;
1575 			tp->t_flags |= TF_SENTFIN;
1576 		}
1577 		if (SEQ_GT(tp->snd_nxt + xlen, tp->snd_max))
1578 			tp->snd_max = tp->snd_nxt + xlen;
1579 	}
1580 	if ((error == 0) &&
1581 	    (TCPS_HAVEESTABLISHED(tp->t_state) &&
1582 	     (tp->t_flags & TF_SACK_PERMIT) &&
1583 	     tp->rcv_numsacks > 0)) {
1584 		    /* Clean up any DSACK's sent */
1585 		    tcp_clean_dsack_blocks(tp);
1586 	}
1587 	if (error) {
1588 		/* Record the error. */
1589 		TCP_LOG_EVENT(tp, NULL, &so->so_rcv, &so->so_snd, TCP_LOG_OUT,
1590 		    error, 0, NULL, false);
1591 
1592 		/*
1593 		 * We know that the packet was lost, so back out the
1594 		 * sequence number advance, if any.
1595 		 *
1596 		 * If the error is EPERM the packet got blocked by the
1597 		 * local firewall.  Normally we should terminate the
1598 		 * connection but the blocking may have been spurious
1599 		 * due to a firewall reconfiguration cycle.  So we treat
1600 		 * it like a packet loss and let the retransmit timer and
1601 		 * timeouts do their work over time.
1602 		 * XXX: It is a POLA question whether calling tcp_drop right
1603 		 * away would be the really correct behavior instead.
1604 		 */
1605 		if (((tp->t_flags & TF_FORCEDATA) == 0 ||
1606 		    !tcp_timer_active(tp, TT_PERSIST)) &&
1607 		    ((flags & TH_SYN) == 0) &&
1608 		    (error != EPERM)) {
1609 			if (sack_rxmit) {
1610 				p->rxmit -= len;
1611 				tp->sackhint.sack_bytes_rexmit -= len;
1612 				KASSERT(tp->sackhint.sack_bytes_rexmit >= 0,
1613 				    ("sackhint bytes rtx >= 0"));
1614 			} else
1615 				tp->snd_nxt -= len;
1616 		}
1617 		SOCKBUF_UNLOCK_ASSERT(&so->so_snd);	/* Check gotos. */
1618 		switch (error) {
1619 		case EACCES:
1620 		case EPERM:
1621 			tp->t_softerror = error;
1622 			return (error);
1623 		case ENOBUFS:
1624 			TCP_XMIT_TIMER_ASSERT(tp, len, flags);
1625 			tp->snd_cwnd = tp->t_maxseg;
1626 			return (0);
1627 		case EMSGSIZE:
1628 			/*
1629 			 * For some reason the interface we used initially
1630 			 * to send segments changed to another or lowered
1631 			 * its MTU.
1632 			 * If TSO was active we either got an interface
1633 			 * without TSO capabilits or TSO was turned off.
1634 			 * If we obtained mtu from ip_output() then update
1635 			 * it and try again.
1636 			 */
1637 			if (tso)
1638 				tp->t_flags &= ~TF_TSO;
1639 			if (mtu != 0) {
1640 				tcp_mss_update(tp, -1, mtu, NULL, NULL);
1641 				goto again;
1642 			}
1643 			return (error);
1644 		case EHOSTDOWN:
1645 		case EHOSTUNREACH:
1646 		case ENETDOWN:
1647 		case ENETUNREACH:
1648 			if (TCPS_HAVERCVDSYN(tp->t_state)) {
1649 				tp->t_softerror = error;
1650 				return (0);
1651 			}
1652 			/* FALLTHROUGH */
1653 		default:
1654 			return (error);
1655 		}
1656 	}
1657 	TCPSTAT_INC(tcps_sndtotal);
1658 
1659 	/*
1660 	 * Data sent (as far as we can tell).
1661 	 * If this advertises a larger window than any other segment,
1662 	 * then remember the size of the advertised window.
1663 	 * Any pending ACK has now been sent.
1664 	 */
1665 	if (SEQ_GT(tp->rcv_nxt + recwin, tp->rcv_adv))
1666 		tp->rcv_adv = tp->rcv_nxt + recwin;
1667 	tp->last_ack_sent = tp->rcv_nxt;
1668 	tp->t_flags &= ~(TF_ACKNOW | TF_DELACK);
1669 	if (tcp_timer_active(tp, TT_DELACK))
1670 		tcp_timer_activate(tp, TT_DELACK, 0);
1671 #if 0
1672 	/*
1673 	 * This completely breaks TCP if newreno is turned on.  What happens
1674 	 * is that if delayed-acks are turned on on the receiver, this code
1675 	 * on the transmitter effectively destroys the TCP window, forcing
1676 	 * it to four packets (1.5Kx4 = 6K window).
1677 	 */
1678 	if (sendalot && --maxburst)
1679 		goto again;
1680 #endif
1681 	if (sendalot)
1682 		goto again;
1683 	return (0);
1684 }
1685 
1686 void
1687 tcp_setpersist(struct tcpcb *tp)
1688 {
1689 	int t = ((tp->t_srtt >> 2) + tp->t_rttvar) >> 1;
1690 	int tt;
1691 
1692 	tp->t_flags &= ~TF_PREVVALID;
1693 	if (tcp_timer_active(tp, TT_REXMT))
1694 		panic("tcp_setpersist: retransmit pending");
1695 	/*
1696 	 * Start/restart persistence timer.
1697 	 */
1698 	TCPT_RANGESET(tt, t * tcp_backoff[tp->t_rxtshift],
1699 		      tcp_persmin, tcp_persmax);
1700 	tcp_timer_activate(tp, TT_PERSIST, tt);
1701 	if (tp->t_rxtshift < TCP_MAXRXTSHIFT)
1702 		tp->t_rxtshift++;
1703 }
1704 
1705 /*
1706  * Insert TCP options according to the supplied parameters to the place
1707  * optp in a consistent way.  Can handle unaligned destinations.
1708  *
1709  * The order of the option processing is crucial for optimal packing and
1710  * alignment for the scarce option space.
1711  *
1712  * The optimal order for a SYN/SYN-ACK segment is:
1713  *   MSS (4) + NOP (1) + Window scale (3) + SACK permitted (2) +
1714  *   Timestamp (10) + Signature (18) = 38 bytes out of a maximum of 40.
1715  *
1716  * The SACK options should be last.  SACK blocks consume 8*n+2 bytes.
1717  * So a full size SACK blocks option is 34 bytes (with 4 SACK blocks).
1718  * At minimum we need 10 bytes (to generate 1 SACK block).  If both
1719  * TCP Timestamps (12 bytes) and TCP Signatures (18 bytes) are present,
1720  * we only have 10 bytes for SACK options (40 - (12 + 18)).
1721  */
1722 int
1723 tcp_addoptions(struct tcpopt *to, u_char *optp)
1724 {
1725 	u_int32_t mask, optlen = 0;
1726 
1727 	for (mask = 1; mask < TOF_MAXOPT; mask <<= 1) {
1728 		if ((to->to_flags & mask) != mask)
1729 			continue;
1730 		if (optlen == TCP_MAXOLEN)
1731 			break;
1732 		switch (to->to_flags & mask) {
1733 		case TOF_MSS:
1734 			while (optlen % 4) {
1735 				optlen += TCPOLEN_NOP;
1736 				*optp++ = TCPOPT_NOP;
1737 			}
1738 			if (TCP_MAXOLEN - optlen < TCPOLEN_MAXSEG)
1739 				continue;
1740 			optlen += TCPOLEN_MAXSEG;
1741 			*optp++ = TCPOPT_MAXSEG;
1742 			*optp++ = TCPOLEN_MAXSEG;
1743 			to->to_mss = htons(to->to_mss);
1744 			bcopy((u_char *)&to->to_mss, optp, sizeof(to->to_mss));
1745 			optp += sizeof(to->to_mss);
1746 			break;
1747 		case TOF_SCALE:
1748 			while (!optlen || optlen % 2 != 1) {
1749 				optlen += TCPOLEN_NOP;
1750 				*optp++ = TCPOPT_NOP;
1751 			}
1752 			if (TCP_MAXOLEN - optlen < TCPOLEN_WINDOW)
1753 				continue;
1754 			optlen += TCPOLEN_WINDOW;
1755 			*optp++ = TCPOPT_WINDOW;
1756 			*optp++ = TCPOLEN_WINDOW;
1757 			*optp++ = to->to_wscale;
1758 			break;
1759 		case TOF_SACKPERM:
1760 			while (optlen % 2) {
1761 				optlen += TCPOLEN_NOP;
1762 				*optp++ = TCPOPT_NOP;
1763 			}
1764 			if (TCP_MAXOLEN - optlen < TCPOLEN_SACK_PERMITTED)
1765 				continue;
1766 			optlen += TCPOLEN_SACK_PERMITTED;
1767 			*optp++ = TCPOPT_SACK_PERMITTED;
1768 			*optp++ = TCPOLEN_SACK_PERMITTED;
1769 			break;
1770 		case TOF_TS:
1771 			while (!optlen || optlen % 4 != 2) {
1772 				optlen += TCPOLEN_NOP;
1773 				*optp++ = TCPOPT_NOP;
1774 			}
1775 			if (TCP_MAXOLEN - optlen < TCPOLEN_TIMESTAMP)
1776 				continue;
1777 			optlen += TCPOLEN_TIMESTAMP;
1778 			*optp++ = TCPOPT_TIMESTAMP;
1779 			*optp++ = TCPOLEN_TIMESTAMP;
1780 			to->to_tsval = htonl(to->to_tsval);
1781 			to->to_tsecr = htonl(to->to_tsecr);
1782 			bcopy((u_char *)&to->to_tsval, optp, sizeof(to->to_tsval));
1783 			optp += sizeof(to->to_tsval);
1784 			bcopy((u_char *)&to->to_tsecr, optp, sizeof(to->to_tsecr));
1785 			optp += sizeof(to->to_tsecr);
1786 			break;
1787 		case TOF_SIGNATURE:
1788 			{
1789 			int siglen = TCPOLEN_SIGNATURE - 2;
1790 
1791 			while (!optlen || optlen % 4 != 2) {
1792 				optlen += TCPOLEN_NOP;
1793 				*optp++ = TCPOPT_NOP;
1794 			}
1795 			if (TCP_MAXOLEN - optlen < TCPOLEN_SIGNATURE) {
1796 				to->to_flags &= ~TOF_SIGNATURE;
1797 				continue;
1798 			}
1799 			optlen += TCPOLEN_SIGNATURE;
1800 			*optp++ = TCPOPT_SIGNATURE;
1801 			*optp++ = TCPOLEN_SIGNATURE;
1802 			to->to_signature = optp;
1803 			while (siglen--)
1804 				 *optp++ = 0;
1805 			break;
1806 			}
1807 		case TOF_SACK:
1808 			{
1809 			int sackblks = 0;
1810 			struct sackblk *sack = (struct sackblk *)to->to_sacks;
1811 			tcp_seq sack_seq;
1812 
1813 			while (!optlen || optlen % 4 != 2) {
1814 				optlen += TCPOLEN_NOP;
1815 				*optp++ = TCPOPT_NOP;
1816 			}
1817 			if (TCP_MAXOLEN - optlen < TCPOLEN_SACKHDR + TCPOLEN_SACK)
1818 				continue;
1819 			optlen += TCPOLEN_SACKHDR;
1820 			*optp++ = TCPOPT_SACK;
1821 			sackblks = min(to->to_nsacks,
1822 					(TCP_MAXOLEN - optlen) / TCPOLEN_SACK);
1823 			*optp++ = TCPOLEN_SACKHDR + sackblks * TCPOLEN_SACK;
1824 			while (sackblks--) {
1825 				sack_seq = htonl(sack->start);
1826 				bcopy((u_char *)&sack_seq, optp, sizeof(sack_seq));
1827 				optp += sizeof(sack_seq);
1828 				sack_seq = htonl(sack->end);
1829 				bcopy((u_char *)&sack_seq, optp, sizeof(sack_seq));
1830 				optp += sizeof(sack_seq);
1831 				optlen += TCPOLEN_SACK;
1832 				sack++;
1833 			}
1834 			TCPSTAT_INC(tcps_sack_send_blocks);
1835 			break;
1836 			}
1837 		case TOF_FASTOPEN:
1838 			{
1839 			int total_len;
1840 
1841 			/* XXX is there any point to aligning this option? */
1842 			total_len = TCPOLEN_FAST_OPEN_EMPTY + to->to_tfo_len;
1843 			if (TCP_MAXOLEN - optlen < total_len) {
1844 				to->to_flags &= ~TOF_FASTOPEN;
1845 				continue;
1846 			}
1847 			*optp++ = TCPOPT_FAST_OPEN;
1848 			*optp++ = total_len;
1849 			if (to->to_tfo_len > 0) {
1850 				bcopy(to->to_tfo_cookie, optp, to->to_tfo_len);
1851 				optp += to->to_tfo_len;
1852 			}
1853 			optlen += total_len;
1854 			break;
1855 			}
1856 		default:
1857 			panic("%s: unknown TCP option type", __func__);
1858 			break;
1859 		}
1860 	}
1861 
1862 	/* Terminate and pad TCP options to a 4 byte boundary. */
1863 	if (optlen % 4) {
1864 		optlen += TCPOLEN_EOL;
1865 		*optp++ = TCPOPT_EOL;
1866 	}
1867 	/*
1868 	 * According to RFC 793 (STD0007):
1869 	 *   "The content of the header beyond the End-of-Option option
1870 	 *    must be header padding (i.e., zero)."
1871 	 *   and later: "The padding is composed of zeros."
1872 	 */
1873 	while (optlen % 4) {
1874 		optlen += TCPOLEN_PAD;
1875 		*optp++ = TCPOPT_PAD;
1876 	}
1877 
1878 	KASSERT(optlen <= TCP_MAXOLEN, ("%s: TCP options too long", __func__));
1879 	return (optlen);
1880 }
1881 
1882 /*
1883  * This is a copy of m_copym(), taking the TSO segment size/limit
1884  * constraints into account, and advancing the sndptr as it goes.
1885  */
1886 struct mbuf *
1887 tcp_m_copym(struct mbuf *m, int32_t off0, int32_t *plen,
1888     int32_t seglimit, int32_t segsize, struct sockbuf *sb, bool hw_tls)
1889 {
1890 #ifdef KERN_TLS
1891 	struct ktls_session *tls, *ntls;
1892 	struct mbuf *start;
1893 #endif
1894 	struct mbuf *n, **np;
1895 	struct mbuf *top;
1896 	int32_t off = off0;
1897 	int32_t len = *plen;
1898 	int32_t fragsize;
1899 	int32_t len_cp = 0;
1900 	int32_t *pkthdrlen;
1901 	uint32_t mlen, frags;
1902 	bool copyhdr;
1903 
1904 
1905 	KASSERT(off >= 0, ("tcp_m_copym, negative off %d", off));
1906 	KASSERT(len >= 0, ("tcp_m_copym, negative len %d", len));
1907 	if (off == 0 && m->m_flags & M_PKTHDR)
1908 		copyhdr = true;
1909 	else
1910 		copyhdr = false;
1911 	while (off > 0) {
1912 		KASSERT(m != NULL, ("tcp_m_copym, offset > size of mbuf chain"));
1913 		if (off < m->m_len)
1914 			break;
1915 		off -= m->m_len;
1916 		if ((sb) && (m == sb->sb_sndptr)) {
1917 			sb->sb_sndptroff += m->m_len;
1918 			sb->sb_sndptr = m->m_next;
1919 		}
1920 		m = m->m_next;
1921 	}
1922 	np = &top;
1923 	top = NULL;
1924 	pkthdrlen = NULL;
1925 #ifdef KERN_TLS
1926 	if (hw_tls && (m->m_flags & M_EXTPG))
1927 		tls = m->m_epg_tls;
1928 	else
1929 		tls = NULL;
1930 	start = m;
1931 #endif
1932 	while (len > 0) {
1933 		if (m == NULL) {
1934 			KASSERT(len == M_COPYALL,
1935 			    ("tcp_m_copym, length > size of mbuf chain"));
1936 			*plen = len_cp;
1937 			if (pkthdrlen != NULL)
1938 				*pkthdrlen = len_cp;
1939 			break;
1940 		}
1941 #ifdef KERN_TLS
1942 		if (hw_tls) {
1943 			if (m->m_flags & M_EXTPG)
1944 				ntls = m->m_epg_tls;
1945 			else
1946 				ntls = NULL;
1947 
1948 			/*
1949 			 * Avoid mixing TLS records with handshake
1950 			 * data or TLS records from different
1951 			 * sessions.
1952 			 */
1953 			if (tls != ntls) {
1954 				MPASS(m != start);
1955 				*plen = len_cp;
1956 				if (pkthdrlen != NULL)
1957 					*pkthdrlen = len_cp;
1958 				break;
1959 			}
1960 
1961 			/*
1962 			 * Don't end a send in the middle of a TLS
1963 			 * record if it spans multiple TLS records.
1964 			 */
1965 			if (tls != NULL && (m != start) && len < m->m_len) {
1966 				*plen = len_cp;
1967 				if (pkthdrlen != NULL)
1968 					*pkthdrlen = len_cp;
1969 				break;
1970 			}
1971 		}
1972 #endif
1973 		mlen = min(len, m->m_len - off);
1974 		if (seglimit) {
1975 			/*
1976 			 * For M_EXTPG mbufs, add 3 segments
1977 			 * + 1 in case we are crossing page boundaries
1978 			 * + 2 in case the TLS hdr/trailer are used
1979 			 * It is cheaper to just add the segments
1980 			 * than it is to take the cache miss to look
1981 			 * at the mbuf ext_pgs state in detail.
1982 			 */
1983 			if (m->m_flags & M_EXTPG) {
1984 				fragsize = min(segsize, PAGE_SIZE);
1985 				frags = 3;
1986 			} else {
1987 				fragsize = segsize;
1988 				frags = 0;
1989 			}
1990 
1991 			/* Break if we really can't fit anymore. */
1992 			if ((frags + 1) >= seglimit) {
1993 				*plen =	len_cp;
1994 				if (pkthdrlen != NULL)
1995 					*pkthdrlen = len_cp;
1996 				break;
1997 			}
1998 
1999 			/*
2000 			 * Reduce size if you can't copy the whole
2001 			 * mbuf. If we can't copy the whole mbuf, also
2002 			 * adjust len so the loop will end after this
2003 			 * mbuf.
2004 			 */
2005 			if ((frags + howmany(mlen, fragsize)) >= seglimit) {
2006 				mlen = (seglimit - frags - 1) * fragsize;
2007 				len = mlen;
2008 				*plen = len_cp + len;
2009 				if (pkthdrlen != NULL)
2010 					*pkthdrlen = *plen;
2011 			}
2012 			frags += howmany(mlen, fragsize);
2013 			if (frags == 0)
2014 				frags++;
2015 			seglimit -= frags;
2016 			KASSERT(seglimit > 0,
2017 			    ("%s: seglimit went too low", __func__));
2018 		}
2019 		if (copyhdr)
2020 			n = m_gethdr(M_NOWAIT, m->m_type);
2021 		else
2022 			n = m_get(M_NOWAIT, m->m_type);
2023 		*np = n;
2024 		if (n == NULL)
2025 			goto nospace;
2026 		if (copyhdr) {
2027 			if (!m_dup_pkthdr(n, m, M_NOWAIT))
2028 				goto nospace;
2029 			if (len == M_COPYALL)
2030 				n->m_pkthdr.len -= off0;
2031 			else
2032 				n->m_pkthdr.len = len;
2033 			pkthdrlen = &n->m_pkthdr.len;
2034 			copyhdr = false;
2035 		}
2036 		n->m_len = mlen;
2037 		len_cp += n->m_len;
2038 		if (m->m_flags & (M_EXT|M_EXTPG)) {
2039 			n->m_data = m->m_data + off;
2040 			mb_dupcl(n, m);
2041 		} else
2042 			bcopy(mtod(m, caddr_t)+off, mtod(n, caddr_t),
2043 			    (u_int)n->m_len);
2044 
2045 		if (sb && (sb->sb_sndptr == m) &&
2046 		    ((n->m_len + off) >= m->m_len) && m->m_next) {
2047 			sb->sb_sndptroff += m->m_len;
2048 			sb->sb_sndptr = m->m_next;
2049 		}
2050 		off = 0;
2051 		if (len != M_COPYALL) {
2052 			len -= n->m_len;
2053 		}
2054 		m = m->m_next;
2055 		np = &n->m_next;
2056 	}
2057 	return (top);
2058 nospace:
2059 	m_freem(top);
2060 	return (NULL);
2061 }
2062 
2063 void
2064 tcp_sndbuf_autoscale(struct tcpcb *tp, struct socket *so, uint32_t sendwin)
2065 {
2066 
2067 	/*
2068 	 * Automatic sizing of send socket buffer.  Often the send buffer
2069 	 * size is not optimally adjusted to the actual network conditions
2070 	 * at hand (delay bandwidth product).  Setting the buffer size too
2071 	 * small limits throughput on links with high bandwidth and high
2072 	 * delay (eg. trans-continental/oceanic links).  Setting the
2073 	 * buffer size too big consumes too much real kernel memory,
2074 	 * especially with many connections on busy servers.
2075 	 *
2076 	 * The criteria to step up the send buffer one notch are:
2077 	 *  1. receive window of remote host is larger than send buffer
2078 	 *     (with a fudge factor of 5/4th);
2079 	 *  2. send buffer is filled to 7/8th with data (so we actually
2080 	 *     have data to make use of it);
2081 	 *  3. send buffer fill has not hit maximal automatic size;
2082 	 *  4. our send window (slow start and cogestion controlled) is
2083 	 *     larger than sent but unacknowledged data in send buffer.
2084 	 *
2085 	 * The remote host receive window scaling factor may limit the
2086 	 * growing of the send buffer before it reaches its allowed
2087 	 * maximum.
2088 	 *
2089 	 * It scales directly with slow start or congestion window
2090 	 * and does at most one step per received ACK.  This fast
2091 	 * scaling has the drawback of growing the send buffer beyond
2092 	 * what is strictly necessary to make full use of a given
2093 	 * delay*bandwidth product.  However testing has shown this not
2094 	 * to be much of an problem.  At worst we are trading wasting
2095 	 * of available bandwidth (the non-use of it) for wasting some
2096 	 * socket buffer memory.
2097 	 *
2098 	 * TODO: Shrink send buffer during idle periods together
2099 	 * with congestion window.  Requires another timer.  Has to
2100 	 * wait for upcoming tcp timer rewrite.
2101 	 *
2102 	 * XXXGL: should there be used sbused() or sbavail()?
2103 	 */
2104 	if (V_tcp_do_autosndbuf && so->so_snd.sb_flags & SB_AUTOSIZE) {
2105 		int lowat;
2106 
2107 		lowat = V_tcp_sendbuf_auto_lowat ? so->so_snd.sb_lowat : 0;
2108 		if ((tp->snd_wnd / 4 * 5) >= so->so_snd.sb_hiwat - lowat &&
2109 		    sbused(&so->so_snd) >=
2110 		    (so->so_snd.sb_hiwat / 8 * 7) - lowat &&
2111 		    sbused(&so->so_snd) < V_tcp_autosndbuf_max &&
2112 		    sendwin >= (sbused(&so->so_snd) -
2113 		    (tp->snd_nxt - tp->snd_una))) {
2114 			if (!sbreserve_locked(&so->so_snd,
2115 			    min(so->so_snd.sb_hiwat + V_tcp_autosndbuf_inc,
2116 			     V_tcp_autosndbuf_max), so, curthread))
2117 				so->so_snd.sb_flags &= ~SB_AUTOSIZE;
2118 		}
2119 	}
2120 }
2121