xref: /freebsd/sys/netinet/tcp_output.c (revision 60eddb209b5ad13a549ca74a41b7cb38a31da5ef)
1 /*-
2  * SPDX-License-Identifier: BSD-3-Clause
3  *
4  * Copyright (c) 1982, 1986, 1988, 1990, 1993, 1995
5  *	The Regents of the University of California.  All rights reserved.
6  *
7  * Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
8  * modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions
9  * are met:
10  * 1. Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright
11  *    notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
12  * 2. Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above copyright
13  *    notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer in the
14  *    documentation and/or other materials provided with the distribution.
15  * 3. Neither the name of the University nor the names of its contributors
16  *    may be used to endorse or promote products derived from this software
17  *    without specific prior written permission.
18  *
19  * THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE REGENTS AND CONTRIBUTORS ``AS IS'' AND
20  * ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, THE
21  * IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE
22  * ARE DISCLAIMED.  IN NO EVENT SHALL THE REGENTS OR CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE
23  * FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL, SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL
24  * DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS
25  * OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE, DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION)
26  * HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT
27  * LIABILITY, OR TORT (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY
28  * OUT OF THE USE OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF
29  * SUCH DAMAGE.
30  *
31  *	@(#)tcp_output.c	8.4 (Berkeley) 5/24/95
32  */
33 
34 #include <sys/cdefs.h>
35 __FBSDID("$FreeBSD$");
36 
37 #include "opt_inet.h"
38 #include "opt_inet6.h"
39 #include "opt_ipsec.h"
40 #include "opt_tcpdebug.h"
41 
42 #include <sys/param.h>
43 #include <sys/systm.h>
44 #include <sys/domain.h>
45 #ifdef TCP_HHOOK
46 #include <sys/hhook.h>
47 #endif
48 #include <sys/kernel.h>
49 #include <sys/lock.h>
50 #include <sys/mbuf.h>
51 #include <sys/mutex.h>
52 #include <sys/protosw.h>
53 #include <sys/sdt.h>
54 #include <sys/socket.h>
55 #include <sys/socketvar.h>
56 #include <sys/sysctl.h>
57 
58 #include <net/if.h>
59 #include <net/route.h>
60 #include <net/vnet.h>
61 
62 #include <netinet/in.h>
63 #include <netinet/in_kdtrace.h>
64 #include <netinet/in_systm.h>
65 #include <netinet/ip.h>
66 #include <netinet/in_pcb.h>
67 #include <netinet/ip_var.h>
68 #include <netinet/ip_options.h>
69 #ifdef INET6
70 #include <netinet6/in6_pcb.h>
71 #include <netinet/ip6.h>
72 #include <netinet6/ip6_var.h>
73 #endif
74 #ifdef TCP_RFC7413
75 #include <netinet/tcp_fastopen.h>
76 #endif
77 #include <netinet/tcp.h>
78 #define	TCPOUTFLAGS
79 #include <netinet/tcp_fsm.h>
80 #include <netinet/tcp_seq.h>
81 #include <netinet/tcp_timer.h>
82 #include <netinet/tcp_var.h>
83 #include <netinet/tcpip.h>
84 #include <netinet/cc/cc.h>
85 #ifdef TCPPCAP
86 #include <netinet/tcp_pcap.h>
87 #endif
88 #ifdef TCPDEBUG
89 #include <netinet/tcp_debug.h>
90 #endif
91 #ifdef TCP_OFFLOAD
92 #include <netinet/tcp_offload.h>
93 #endif
94 
95 #include <netipsec/ipsec_support.h>
96 
97 #include <machine/in_cksum.h>
98 
99 #include <security/mac/mac_framework.h>
100 
101 VNET_DEFINE(int, path_mtu_discovery) = 1;
102 SYSCTL_INT(_net_inet_tcp, OID_AUTO, path_mtu_discovery, CTLFLAG_VNET | CTLFLAG_RW,
103 	&VNET_NAME(path_mtu_discovery), 1,
104 	"Enable Path MTU Discovery");
105 
106 VNET_DEFINE(int, tcp_do_tso) = 1;
107 SYSCTL_INT(_net_inet_tcp, OID_AUTO, tso, CTLFLAG_VNET | CTLFLAG_RW,
108 	&VNET_NAME(tcp_do_tso), 0,
109 	"Enable TCP Segmentation Offload");
110 
111 VNET_DEFINE(int, tcp_sendspace) = 1024*32;
112 #define	V_tcp_sendspace	VNET(tcp_sendspace)
113 SYSCTL_INT(_net_inet_tcp, TCPCTL_SENDSPACE, sendspace, CTLFLAG_VNET | CTLFLAG_RW,
114 	&VNET_NAME(tcp_sendspace), 0, "Initial send socket buffer size");
115 
116 VNET_DEFINE(int, tcp_do_autosndbuf) = 1;
117 SYSCTL_INT(_net_inet_tcp, OID_AUTO, sendbuf_auto, CTLFLAG_VNET | CTLFLAG_RW,
118 	&VNET_NAME(tcp_do_autosndbuf), 0,
119 	"Enable automatic send buffer sizing");
120 
121 VNET_DEFINE(int, tcp_autosndbuf_inc) = 8*1024;
122 SYSCTL_INT(_net_inet_tcp, OID_AUTO, sendbuf_inc, CTLFLAG_VNET | CTLFLAG_RW,
123 	&VNET_NAME(tcp_autosndbuf_inc), 0,
124 	"Incrementor step size of automatic send buffer");
125 
126 VNET_DEFINE(int, tcp_autosndbuf_max) = 2*1024*1024;
127 SYSCTL_INT(_net_inet_tcp, OID_AUTO, sendbuf_max, CTLFLAG_VNET | CTLFLAG_RW,
128 	&VNET_NAME(tcp_autosndbuf_max), 0,
129 	"Max size of automatic send buffer");
130 
131 VNET_DEFINE(int, tcp_sendbuf_auto_lowat) = 0;
132 #define	V_tcp_sendbuf_auto_lowat	VNET(tcp_sendbuf_auto_lowat)
133 SYSCTL_INT(_net_inet_tcp, OID_AUTO, sendbuf_auto_lowat, CTLFLAG_VNET | CTLFLAG_RW,
134 	&VNET_NAME(tcp_sendbuf_auto_lowat), 0,
135 	"Modify threshold for auto send buffer growth to account for SO_SNDLOWAT");
136 
137 /*
138  * Make sure that either retransmit or persist timer is set for SYN, FIN and
139  * non-ACK.
140  */
141 #define TCP_XMIT_TIMER_ASSERT(tp, len, th_flags)			\
142 	KASSERT(((len) == 0 && ((th_flags) & (TH_SYN | TH_FIN)) == 0) ||\
143 	    tcp_timer_active((tp), TT_REXMT) ||				\
144 	    tcp_timer_active((tp), TT_PERSIST),				\
145 	    ("neither rexmt nor persist timer is set"))
146 
147 #ifdef TCP_HHOOK
148 static void inline	hhook_run_tcp_est_out(struct tcpcb *tp,
149 			    struct tcphdr *th, struct tcpopt *to,
150 			    uint32_t len, int tso);
151 #endif
152 static void inline	cc_after_idle(struct tcpcb *tp);
153 
154 #ifdef TCP_HHOOK
155 /*
156  * Wrapper for the TCP established output helper hook.
157  */
158 static void inline
159 hhook_run_tcp_est_out(struct tcpcb *tp, struct tcphdr *th,
160     struct tcpopt *to, uint32_t len, int tso)
161 {
162 	struct tcp_hhook_data hhook_data;
163 
164 	if (V_tcp_hhh[HHOOK_TCP_EST_OUT]->hhh_nhooks > 0) {
165 		hhook_data.tp = tp;
166 		hhook_data.th = th;
167 		hhook_data.to = to;
168 		hhook_data.len = len;
169 		hhook_data.tso = tso;
170 
171 		hhook_run_hooks(V_tcp_hhh[HHOOK_TCP_EST_OUT], &hhook_data,
172 		    tp->osd);
173 	}
174 }
175 #endif
176 
177 /*
178  * CC wrapper hook functions
179  */
180 static void inline
181 cc_after_idle(struct tcpcb *tp)
182 {
183 	INP_WLOCK_ASSERT(tp->t_inpcb);
184 
185 	if (CC_ALGO(tp)->after_idle != NULL)
186 		CC_ALGO(tp)->after_idle(tp->ccv);
187 }
188 
189 /*
190  * Tcp output routine: figure out what should be sent and send it.
191  */
192 int
193 tcp_output(struct tcpcb *tp)
194 {
195 	struct socket *so = tp->t_inpcb->inp_socket;
196 	int32_t len;
197 	uint32_t recwin, sendwin;
198 	int off, flags, error = 0;	/* Keep compiler happy */
199 	struct mbuf *m;
200 	struct ip *ip = NULL;
201 #ifdef TCPDEBUG
202 	struct ipovly *ipov = NULL;
203 #endif
204 	struct tcphdr *th;
205 	u_char opt[TCP_MAXOLEN];
206 	unsigned ipoptlen, optlen, hdrlen;
207 #if defined(IPSEC) || defined(IPSEC_SUPPORT)
208 	unsigned ipsec_optlen = 0;
209 #endif
210 	int idle, sendalot;
211 	int sack_rxmit, sack_bytes_rxmt;
212 	struct sackhole *p;
213 	int tso, mtu;
214 	struct tcpopt to;
215 #if 0
216 	int maxburst = TCP_MAXBURST;
217 #endif
218 #ifdef INET6
219 	struct ip6_hdr *ip6 = NULL;
220 	int isipv6;
221 
222 	isipv6 = (tp->t_inpcb->inp_vflag & INP_IPV6) != 0;
223 #endif
224 
225 	INP_WLOCK_ASSERT(tp->t_inpcb);
226 
227 #ifdef TCP_OFFLOAD
228 	if (tp->t_flags & TF_TOE)
229 		return (tcp_offload_output(tp));
230 #endif
231 
232 #ifdef TCP_RFC7413
233 	/*
234 	 * For TFO connections in SYN_RECEIVED, only allow the initial
235 	 * SYN|ACK and those sent by the retransmit timer.
236 	 */
237 	if (IS_FASTOPEN(tp->t_flags) &&
238 	    (tp->t_state == TCPS_SYN_RECEIVED) &&
239 	    SEQ_GT(tp->snd_max, tp->snd_una) &&    /* initial SYN|ACK sent */
240 	    (tp->snd_nxt != tp->snd_una))          /* not a retransmit */
241 		return (0);
242 #endif
243 	/*
244 	 * Determine length of data that should be transmitted,
245 	 * and flags that will be used.
246 	 * If there is some data or critical controls (SYN, RST)
247 	 * to send, then transmit; otherwise, investigate further.
248 	 */
249 	idle = (tp->t_flags & TF_LASTIDLE) || (tp->snd_max == tp->snd_una);
250 	if (idle && ticks - tp->t_rcvtime >= tp->t_rxtcur)
251 		cc_after_idle(tp);
252 	tp->t_flags &= ~TF_LASTIDLE;
253 	if (idle) {
254 		if (tp->t_flags & TF_MORETOCOME) {
255 			tp->t_flags |= TF_LASTIDLE;
256 			idle = 0;
257 		}
258 	}
259 again:
260 	/*
261 	 * If we've recently taken a timeout, snd_max will be greater than
262 	 * snd_nxt.  There may be SACK information that allows us to avoid
263 	 * resending already delivered data.  Adjust snd_nxt accordingly.
264 	 */
265 	if ((tp->t_flags & TF_SACK_PERMIT) &&
266 	    SEQ_LT(tp->snd_nxt, tp->snd_max))
267 		tcp_sack_adjust(tp);
268 	sendalot = 0;
269 	tso = 0;
270 	mtu = 0;
271 	off = tp->snd_nxt - tp->snd_una;
272 	sendwin = min(tp->snd_wnd, tp->snd_cwnd);
273 
274 	flags = tcp_outflags[tp->t_state];
275 	/*
276 	 * Send any SACK-generated retransmissions.  If we're explicitly trying
277 	 * to send out new data (when sendalot is 1), bypass this function.
278 	 * If we retransmit in fast recovery mode, decrement snd_cwnd, since
279 	 * we're replacing a (future) new transmission with a retransmission
280 	 * now, and we previously incremented snd_cwnd in tcp_input().
281 	 */
282 	/*
283 	 * Still in sack recovery , reset rxmit flag to zero.
284 	 */
285 	sack_rxmit = 0;
286 	sack_bytes_rxmt = 0;
287 	len = 0;
288 	p = NULL;
289 	if ((tp->t_flags & TF_SACK_PERMIT) && IN_FASTRECOVERY(tp->t_flags) &&
290 	    (p = tcp_sack_output(tp, &sack_bytes_rxmt))) {
291 		uint32_t cwin;
292 
293 		cwin =
294 		    imax(min(tp->snd_wnd, tp->snd_cwnd) - sack_bytes_rxmt, 0);
295 		/* Do not retransmit SACK segments beyond snd_recover */
296 		if (SEQ_GT(p->end, tp->snd_recover)) {
297 			/*
298 			 * (At least) part of sack hole extends beyond
299 			 * snd_recover. Check to see if we can rexmit data
300 			 * for this hole.
301 			 */
302 			if (SEQ_GEQ(p->rxmit, tp->snd_recover)) {
303 				/*
304 				 * Can't rexmit any more data for this hole.
305 				 * That data will be rexmitted in the next
306 				 * sack recovery episode, when snd_recover
307 				 * moves past p->rxmit.
308 				 */
309 				p = NULL;
310 				goto after_sack_rexmit;
311 			} else
312 				/* Can rexmit part of the current hole */
313 				len = ((int32_t)ulmin(cwin,
314 						   tp->snd_recover - p->rxmit));
315 		} else
316 			len = ((int32_t)ulmin(cwin, p->end - p->rxmit));
317 		off = p->rxmit - tp->snd_una;
318 		KASSERT(off >= 0,("%s: sack block to the left of una : %d",
319 		    __func__, off));
320 		if (len > 0) {
321 			sack_rxmit = 1;
322 			sendalot = 1;
323 			TCPSTAT_INC(tcps_sack_rexmits);
324 			TCPSTAT_ADD(tcps_sack_rexmit_bytes,
325 			    min(len, tp->t_maxseg));
326 		}
327 	}
328 after_sack_rexmit:
329 	/*
330 	 * Get standard flags, and add SYN or FIN if requested by 'hidden'
331 	 * state flags.
332 	 */
333 	if (tp->t_flags & TF_NEEDFIN)
334 		flags |= TH_FIN;
335 	if (tp->t_flags & TF_NEEDSYN)
336 		flags |= TH_SYN;
337 
338 	SOCKBUF_LOCK(&so->so_snd);
339 	/*
340 	 * If in persist timeout with window of 0, send 1 byte.
341 	 * Otherwise, if window is small but nonzero
342 	 * and timer expired, we will send what we can
343 	 * and go to transmit state.
344 	 */
345 	if (tp->t_flags & TF_FORCEDATA) {
346 		if (sendwin == 0) {
347 			/*
348 			 * If we still have some data to send, then
349 			 * clear the FIN bit.  Usually this would
350 			 * happen below when it realizes that we
351 			 * aren't sending all the data.  However,
352 			 * if we have exactly 1 byte of unsent data,
353 			 * then it won't clear the FIN bit below,
354 			 * and if we are in persist state, we wind
355 			 * up sending the packet without recording
356 			 * that we sent the FIN bit.
357 			 *
358 			 * We can't just blindly clear the FIN bit,
359 			 * because if we don't have any more data
360 			 * to send then the probe will be the FIN
361 			 * itself.
362 			 */
363 			if (off < sbused(&so->so_snd))
364 				flags &= ~TH_FIN;
365 			sendwin = 1;
366 		} else {
367 			tcp_timer_activate(tp, TT_PERSIST, 0);
368 			tp->t_rxtshift = 0;
369 		}
370 	}
371 
372 	/*
373 	 * If snd_nxt == snd_max and we have transmitted a FIN, the
374 	 * offset will be > 0 even if so_snd.sb_cc is 0, resulting in
375 	 * a negative length.  This can also occur when TCP opens up
376 	 * its congestion window while receiving additional duplicate
377 	 * acks after fast-retransmit because TCP will reset snd_nxt
378 	 * to snd_max after the fast-retransmit.
379 	 *
380 	 * In the normal retransmit-FIN-only case, however, snd_nxt will
381 	 * be set to snd_una, the offset will be 0, and the length may
382 	 * wind up 0.
383 	 *
384 	 * If sack_rxmit is true we are retransmitting from the scoreboard
385 	 * in which case len is already set.
386 	 */
387 	if (sack_rxmit == 0) {
388 		if (sack_bytes_rxmt == 0)
389 			len = ((int32_t)min(sbavail(&so->so_snd), sendwin) -
390 			    off);
391 		else {
392 			int32_t cwin;
393 
394                         /*
395 			 * We are inside of a SACK recovery episode and are
396 			 * sending new data, having retransmitted all the
397 			 * data possible in the scoreboard.
398 			 */
399 			len = ((int32_t)min(sbavail(&so->so_snd), tp->snd_wnd) -
400 			    off);
401 			/*
402 			 * Don't remove this (len > 0) check !
403 			 * We explicitly check for len > 0 here (although it
404 			 * isn't really necessary), to work around a gcc
405 			 * optimization issue - to force gcc to compute
406 			 * len above. Without this check, the computation
407 			 * of len is bungled by the optimizer.
408 			 */
409 			if (len > 0) {
410 				cwin = tp->snd_cwnd -
411 					(tp->snd_nxt - tp->sack_newdata) -
412 					sack_bytes_rxmt;
413 				if (cwin < 0)
414 					cwin = 0;
415 				len = imin(len, cwin);
416 			}
417 		}
418 	}
419 
420 	/*
421 	 * Lop off SYN bit if it has already been sent.  However, if this
422 	 * is SYN-SENT state and if segment contains data and if we don't
423 	 * know that foreign host supports TAO, suppress sending segment.
424 	 */
425 	if ((flags & TH_SYN) && SEQ_GT(tp->snd_nxt, tp->snd_una)) {
426 		if (tp->t_state != TCPS_SYN_RECEIVED)
427 			flags &= ~TH_SYN;
428 #ifdef TCP_RFC7413
429 		/*
430 		 * When sending additional segments following a TFO SYN|ACK,
431 		 * do not include the SYN bit.
432 		 */
433 		if (IS_FASTOPEN(tp->t_flags) &&
434 		    (tp->t_state == TCPS_SYN_RECEIVED))
435 			flags &= ~TH_SYN;
436 #endif
437 		off--, len++;
438 	}
439 
440 	/*
441 	 * Be careful not to send data and/or FIN on SYN segments.
442 	 * This measure is needed to prevent interoperability problems
443 	 * with not fully conformant TCP implementations.
444 	 */
445 	if ((flags & TH_SYN) && (tp->t_flags & TF_NOOPT)) {
446 		len = 0;
447 		flags &= ~TH_FIN;
448 	}
449 
450 #ifdef TCP_RFC7413
451 	/*
452 	 * When retransmitting SYN|ACK on a passively-created TFO socket,
453 	 * don't include data, as the presence of data may have caused the
454 	 * original SYN|ACK to have been dropped by a middlebox.
455 	 */
456 	if (IS_FASTOPEN(tp->t_flags) &&
457 	    (((tp->t_state == TCPS_SYN_RECEIVED) && (tp->t_rxtshift > 0)) ||
458 	     (flags & TH_RST)))
459 		len = 0;
460 #endif
461 	if (len <= 0) {
462 		/*
463 		 * If FIN has been sent but not acked,
464 		 * but we haven't been called to retransmit,
465 		 * len will be < 0.  Otherwise, window shrank
466 		 * after we sent into it.  If window shrank to 0,
467 		 * cancel pending retransmit, pull snd_nxt back
468 		 * to (closed) window, and set the persist timer
469 		 * if it isn't already going.  If the window didn't
470 		 * close completely, just wait for an ACK.
471 		 *
472 		 * We also do a general check here to ensure that
473 		 * we will set the persist timer when we have data
474 		 * to send, but a 0-byte window. This makes sure
475 		 * the persist timer is set even if the packet
476 		 * hits one of the "goto send" lines below.
477 		 */
478 		len = 0;
479 		if ((sendwin == 0) && (TCPS_HAVEESTABLISHED(tp->t_state)) &&
480 			(off < (int) sbavail(&so->so_snd))) {
481 			tcp_timer_activate(tp, TT_REXMT, 0);
482 			tp->t_rxtshift = 0;
483 			tp->snd_nxt = tp->snd_una;
484 			if (!tcp_timer_active(tp, TT_PERSIST))
485 				tcp_setpersist(tp);
486 		}
487 	}
488 
489 	/* len will be >= 0 after this point. */
490 	KASSERT(len >= 0, ("[%s:%d]: len < 0", __func__, __LINE__));
491 
492 	tcp_sndbuf_autoscale(tp, so, sendwin);
493 
494 	/*
495 	 * Decide if we can use TCP Segmentation Offloading (if supported by
496 	 * hardware).
497 	 *
498 	 * TSO may only be used if we are in a pure bulk sending state.  The
499 	 * presence of TCP-MD5, SACK retransmits, SACK advertizements and
500 	 * IP options prevent using TSO.  With TSO the TCP header is the same
501 	 * (except for the sequence number) for all generated packets.  This
502 	 * makes it impossible to transmit any options which vary per generated
503 	 * segment or packet.
504 	 *
505 	 * IPv4 handling has a clear separation of ip options and ip header
506 	 * flags while IPv6 combines both in in6p_outputopts. ip6_optlen() does
507 	 * the right thing below to provide length of just ip options and thus
508 	 * checking for ipoptlen is enough to decide if ip options are present.
509 	 */
510 #if defined(IPSEC) || defined(IPSEC_SUPPORT)
511 	/*
512 	 * Pre-calculate here as we save another lookup into the darknesses
513 	 * of IPsec that way and can actually decide if TSO is ok.
514 	 */
515 #ifdef INET6
516 	if (isipv6 && IPSEC_ENABLED(ipv6))
517 		ipsec_optlen = IPSEC_HDRSIZE(ipv6, tp->t_inpcb);
518 #ifdef INET
519 	else
520 #endif
521 #endif /* INET6 */
522 #ifdef INET
523 	if (IPSEC_ENABLED(ipv4))
524 		ipsec_optlen = IPSEC_HDRSIZE(ipv4, tp->t_inpcb);
525 #endif /* INET */
526 #endif /* IPSEC */
527 #ifdef INET6
528 	if (isipv6)
529 		ipoptlen = ip6_optlen(tp->t_inpcb);
530 	else
531 #endif
532 	if (tp->t_inpcb->inp_options)
533 		ipoptlen = tp->t_inpcb->inp_options->m_len -
534 				offsetof(struct ipoption, ipopt_list);
535 	else
536 		ipoptlen = 0;
537 #if defined(IPSEC) || defined(IPSEC_SUPPORT)
538 	ipoptlen += ipsec_optlen;
539 #endif
540 
541 	if ((tp->t_flags & TF_TSO) && V_tcp_do_tso && len > tp->t_maxseg &&
542 	    ((tp->t_flags & TF_SIGNATURE) == 0) &&
543 	    tp->rcv_numsacks == 0 && sack_rxmit == 0 &&
544 	    ipoptlen == 0)
545 		tso = 1;
546 
547 	if (sack_rxmit) {
548 		if (SEQ_LT(p->rxmit + len, tp->snd_una + sbused(&so->so_snd)))
549 			flags &= ~TH_FIN;
550 	} else {
551 		if (SEQ_LT(tp->snd_nxt + len, tp->snd_una +
552 		    sbused(&so->so_snd)))
553 			flags &= ~TH_FIN;
554 	}
555 
556 	recwin = lmin(lmax(sbspace(&so->so_rcv), 0),
557 	    (long)TCP_MAXWIN << tp->rcv_scale);
558 
559 	/*
560 	 * Sender silly window avoidance.   We transmit under the following
561 	 * conditions when len is non-zero:
562 	 *
563 	 *	- We have a full segment (or more with TSO)
564 	 *	- This is the last buffer in a write()/send() and we are
565 	 *	  either idle or running NODELAY
566 	 *	- we've timed out (e.g. persist timer)
567 	 *	- we have more then 1/2 the maximum send window's worth of
568 	 *	  data (receiver may be limited the window size)
569 	 *	- we need to retransmit
570 	 */
571 	if (len) {
572 		if (len >= tp->t_maxseg)
573 			goto send;
574 		/*
575 		 * NOTE! on localhost connections an 'ack' from the remote
576 		 * end may occur synchronously with the output and cause
577 		 * us to flush a buffer queued with moretocome.  XXX
578 		 *
579 		 * note: the len + off check is almost certainly unnecessary.
580 		 */
581 		if (!(tp->t_flags & TF_MORETOCOME) &&	/* normal case */
582 		    (idle || (tp->t_flags & TF_NODELAY)) &&
583 		    (uint32_t)len + (uint32_t)off >= sbavail(&so->so_snd) &&
584 		    (tp->t_flags & TF_NOPUSH) == 0) {
585 			goto send;
586 		}
587 		if (tp->t_flags & TF_FORCEDATA)		/* typ. timeout case */
588 			goto send;
589 		if (len >= tp->max_sndwnd / 2 && tp->max_sndwnd > 0)
590 			goto send;
591 		if (SEQ_LT(tp->snd_nxt, tp->snd_max))	/* retransmit case */
592 			goto send;
593 		if (sack_rxmit)
594 			goto send;
595 	}
596 
597 	/*
598 	 * Sending of standalone window updates.
599 	 *
600 	 * Window updates are important when we close our window due to a
601 	 * full socket buffer and are opening it again after the application
602 	 * reads data from it.  Once the window has opened again and the
603 	 * remote end starts to send again the ACK clock takes over and
604 	 * provides the most current window information.
605 	 *
606 	 * We must avoid the silly window syndrome whereas every read
607 	 * from the receive buffer, no matter how small, causes a window
608 	 * update to be sent.  We also should avoid sending a flurry of
609 	 * window updates when the socket buffer had queued a lot of data
610 	 * and the application is doing small reads.
611 	 *
612 	 * Prevent a flurry of pointless window updates by only sending
613 	 * an update when we can increase the advertized window by more
614 	 * than 1/4th of the socket buffer capacity.  When the buffer is
615 	 * getting full or is very small be more aggressive and send an
616 	 * update whenever we can increase by two mss sized segments.
617 	 * In all other situations the ACK's to new incoming data will
618 	 * carry further window increases.
619 	 *
620 	 * Don't send an independent window update if a delayed
621 	 * ACK is pending (it will get piggy-backed on it) or the
622 	 * remote side already has done a half-close and won't send
623 	 * more data.  Skip this if the connection is in T/TCP
624 	 * half-open state.
625 	 */
626 	if (recwin > 0 && !(tp->t_flags & TF_NEEDSYN) &&
627 	    !(tp->t_flags & TF_DELACK) &&
628 	    !TCPS_HAVERCVDFIN(tp->t_state)) {
629 		/*
630 		 * "adv" is the amount we could increase the window,
631 		 * taking into account that we are limited by
632 		 * TCP_MAXWIN << tp->rcv_scale.
633 		 */
634 		int32_t adv;
635 		int oldwin;
636 
637 		adv = recwin;
638 		if (SEQ_GT(tp->rcv_adv, tp->rcv_nxt)) {
639 			oldwin = (tp->rcv_adv - tp->rcv_nxt);
640 			adv -= oldwin;
641 		} else
642 			oldwin = 0;
643 
644 		/*
645 		 * If the new window size ends up being the same as or less
646 		 * than the old size when it is scaled, then don't force
647 		 * a window update.
648 		 */
649 		if (oldwin >> tp->rcv_scale >= (adv + oldwin) >> tp->rcv_scale)
650 			goto dontupdate;
651 
652 		if (adv >= (int32_t)(2 * tp->t_maxseg) &&
653 		    (adv >= (int32_t)(so->so_rcv.sb_hiwat / 4) ||
654 		     recwin <= (so->so_rcv.sb_hiwat / 8) ||
655 		     so->so_rcv.sb_hiwat <= 8 * tp->t_maxseg))
656 			goto send;
657 		if (2 * adv >= (int32_t)so->so_rcv.sb_hiwat)
658 			goto send;
659 	}
660 dontupdate:
661 
662 	/*
663 	 * Send if we owe the peer an ACK, RST, SYN, or urgent data.  ACKNOW
664 	 * is also a catch-all for the retransmit timer timeout case.
665 	 */
666 	if (tp->t_flags & TF_ACKNOW)
667 		goto send;
668 	if ((flags & TH_RST) ||
669 	    ((flags & TH_SYN) && (tp->t_flags & TF_NEEDSYN) == 0))
670 		goto send;
671 	if (SEQ_GT(tp->snd_up, tp->snd_una))
672 		goto send;
673 	/*
674 	 * If our state indicates that FIN should be sent
675 	 * and we have not yet done so, then we need to send.
676 	 */
677 	if (flags & TH_FIN &&
678 	    ((tp->t_flags & TF_SENTFIN) == 0 || tp->snd_nxt == tp->snd_una))
679 		goto send;
680 	/*
681 	 * In SACK, it is possible for tcp_output to fail to send a segment
682 	 * after the retransmission timer has been turned off.  Make sure
683 	 * that the retransmission timer is set.
684 	 */
685 	if ((tp->t_flags & TF_SACK_PERMIT) &&
686 	    SEQ_GT(tp->snd_max, tp->snd_una) &&
687 	    !tcp_timer_active(tp, TT_REXMT) &&
688 	    !tcp_timer_active(tp, TT_PERSIST)) {
689 		tcp_timer_activate(tp, TT_REXMT, tp->t_rxtcur);
690 		goto just_return;
691 	}
692 	/*
693 	 * TCP window updates are not reliable, rather a polling protocol
694 	 * using ``persist'' packets is used to insure receipt of window
695 	 * updates.  The three ``states'' for the output side are:
696 	 *	idle			not doing retransmits or persists
697 	 *	persisting		to move a small or zero window
698 	 *	(re)transmitting	and thereby not persisting
699 	 *
700 	 * tcp_timer_active(tp, TT_PERSIST)
701 	 *	is true when we are in persist state.
702 	 * (tp->t_flags & TF_FORCEDATA)
703 	 *	is set when we are called to send a persist packet.
704 	 * tcp_timer_active(tp, TT_REXMT)
705 	 *	is set when we are retransmitting
706 	 * The output side is idle when both timers are zero.
707 	 *
708 	 * If send window is too small, there is data to transmit, and no
709 	 * retransmit or persist is pending, then go to persist state.
710 	 * If nothing happens soon, send when timer expires:
711 	 * if window is nonzero, transmit what we can,
712 	 * otherwise force out a byte.
713 	 */
714 	if (sbavail(&so->so_snd) && !tcp_timer_active(tp, TT_REXMT) &&
715 	    !tcp_timer_active(tp, TT_PERSIST)) {
716 		tp->t_rxtshift = 0;
717 		tcp_setpersist(tp);
718 	}
719 
720 	/*
721 	 * No reason to send a segment, just return.
722 	 */
723 just_return:
724 	SOCKBUF_UNLOCK(&so->so_snd);
725 	return (0);
726 
727 send:
728 	SOCKBUF_LOCK_ASSERT(&so->so_snd);
729 	if (len > 0) {
730 		if (len >= tp->t_maxseg)
731 			tp->t_flags2 |= TF2_PLPMTU_MAXSEGSNT;
732 		else
733 			tp->t_flags2 &= ~TF2_PLPMTU_MAXSEGSNT;
734 	}
735 	/*
736 	 * Before ESTABLISHED, force sending of initial options
737 	 * unless TCP set not to do any options.
738 	 * NOTE: we assume that the IP/TCP header plus TCP options
739 	 * always fit in a single mbuf, leaving room for a maximum
740 	 * link header, i.e.
741 	 *	max_linkhdr + sizeof (struct tcpiphdr) + optlen <= MCLBYTES
742 	 */
743 	optlen = 0;
744 #ifdef INET6
745 	if (isipv6)
746 		hdrlen = sizeof (struct ip6_hdr) + sizeof (struct tcphdr);
747 	else
748 #endif
749 		hdrlen = sizeof (struct tcpiphdr);
750 
751 	/*
752 	 * Compute options for segment.
753 	 * We only have to care about SYN and established connection
754 	 * segments.  Options for SYN-ACK segments are handled in TCP
755 	 * syncache.
756 	 */
757 	to.to_flags = 0;
758 	if ((tp->t_flags & TF_NOOPT) == 0) {
759 		/* Maximum segment size. */
760 		if (flags & TH_SYN) {
761 			tp->snd_nxt = tp->iss;
762 			to.to_mss = tcp_mssopt(&tp->t_inpcb->inp_inc);
763 			to.to_flags |= TOF_MSS;
764 #ifdef TCP_RFC7413
765 			/*
766 			 * Only include the TFO option on the first
767 			 * transmission of the SYN|ACK on a
768 			 * passively-created TFO socket, as the presence of
769 			 * the TFO option may have caused the original
770 			 * SYN|ACK to have been dropped by a middlebox.
771 			 */
772 			if (IS_FASTOPEN(tp->t_flags) &&
773 			    (tp->t_state == TCPS_SYN_RECEIVED) &&
774 			    (tp->t_rxtshift == 0)) {
775 				to.to_tfo_len = TCP_FASTOPEN_COOKIE_LEN;
776 				to.to_tfo_cookie = (u_char *)&tp->t_tfo_cookie;
777 				to.to_flags |= TOF_FASTOPEN;
778 			}
779 #endif
780 		}
781 		/* Window scaling. */
782 		if ((flags & TH_SYN) && (tp->t_flags & TF_REQ_SCALE)) {
783 			to.to_wscale = tp->request_r_scale;
784 			to.to_flags |= TOF_SCALE;
785 		}
786 		/* Timestamps. */
787 		if ((tp->t_flags & TF_RCVD_TSTMP) ||
788 		    ((flags & TH_SYN) && (tp->t_flags & TF_REQ_TSTMP))) {
789 			to.to_tsval = tcp_ts_getticks() + tp->ts_offset;
790 			to.to_tsecr = tp->ts_recent;
791 			to.to_flags |= TOF_TS;
792 		}
793 
794 		/* Set receive buffer autosizing timestamp. */
795 		if (tp->rfbuf_ts == 0 &&
796 		    (so->so_rcv.sb_flags & SB_AUTOSIZE))
797 			tp->rfbuf_ts = tcp_ts_getticks();
798 
799 		/* Selective ACK's. */
800 		if (tp->t_flags & TF_SACK_PERMIT) {
801 			if (flags & TH_SYN)
802 				to.to_flags |= TOF_SACKPERM;
803 			else if (TCPS_HAVEESTABLISHED(tp->t_state) &&
804 			    (tp->t_flags & TF_SACK_PERMIT) &&
805 			    tp->rcv_numsacks > 0) {
806 				to.to_flags |= TOF_SACK;
807 				to.to_nsacks = tp->rcv_numsacks;
808 				to.to_sacks = (u_char *)tp->sackblks;
809 			}
810 		}
811 #if defined(IPSEC_SUPPORT) || defined(TCP_SIGNATURE)
812 		/* TCP-MD5 (RFC2385). */
813 		/*
814 		 * Check that TCP_MD5SIG is enabled in tcpcb to
815 		 * account the size needed to set this TCP option.
816 		 */
817 		if (tp->t_flags & TF_SIGNATURE)
818 			to.to_flags |= TOF_SIGNATURE;
819 #endif /* TCP_SIGNATURE */
820 
821 		/* Processing the options. */
822 		hdrlen += optlen = tcp_addoptions(&to, opt);
823 	}
824 
825 	/*
826 	 * Adjust data length if insertion of options will
827 	 * bump the packet length beyond the t_maxseg length.
828 	 * Clear the FIN bit because we cut off the tail of
829 	 * the segment.
830 	 */
831 	if (len + optlen + ipoptlen > tp->t_maxseg) {
832 		flags &= ~TH_FIN;
833 
834 		if (tso) {
835 			u_int if_hw_tsomax;
836 			u_int if_hw_tsomaxsegcount;
837 			u_int if_hw_tsomaxsegsize;
838 			struct mbuf *mb;
839 			u_int moff;
840 			int max_len;
841 
842 			/* extract TSO information */
843 			if_hw_tsomax = tp->t_tsomax;
844 			if_hw_tsomaxsegcount = tp->t_tsomaxsegcount;
845 			if_hw_tsomaxsegsize = tp->t_tsomaxsegsize;
846 
847 			/*
848 			 * Limit a TSO burst to prevent it from
849 			 * overflowing or exceeding the maximum length
850 			 * allowed by the network interface:
851 			 */
852 			KASSERT(ipoptlen == 0,
853 			    ("%s: TSO can't do IP options", __func__));
854 
855 			/*
856 			 * Check if we should limit by maximum payload
857 			 * length:
858 			 */
859 			if (if_hw_tsomax != 0) {
860 				/* compute maximum TSO length */
861 				max_len = (if_hw_tsomax - hdrlen -
862 				    max_linkhdr);
863 				if (max_len <= 0) {
864 					len = 0;
865 				} else if (len > max_len) {
866 					sendalot = 1;
867 					len = max_len;
868 				}
869 			}
870 
871 			/*
872 			 * Check if we should limit by maximum segment
873 			 * size and count:
874 			 */
875 			if (if_hw_tsomaxsegcount != 0 &&
876 			    if_hw_tsomaxsegsize != 0) {
877 				/*
878 				 * Subtract one segment for the LINK
879 				 * and TCP/IP headers mbuf that will
880 				 * be prepended to this mbuf chain
881 				 * after the code in this section
882 				 * limits the number of mbufs in the
883 				 * chain to if_hw_tsomaxsegcount.
884 				 */
885 				if_hw_tsomaxsegcount -= 1;
886 				max_len = 0;
887 				mb = sbsndmbuf(&so->so_snd, off, &moff);
888 
889 				while (mb != NULL && max_len < len) {
890 					u_int mlen;
891 					u_int frags;
892 
893 					/*
894 					 * Get length of mbuf fragment
895 					 * and how many hardware frags,
896 					 * rounded up, it would use:
897 					 */
898 					mlen = (mb->m_len - moff);
899 					frags = howmany(mlen,
900 					    if_hw_tsomaxsegsize);
901 
902 					/* Handle special case: Zero Length Mbuf */
903 					if (frags == 0)
904 						frags = 1;
905 
906 					/*
907 					 * Check if the fragment limit
908 					 * will be reached or exceeded:
909 					 */
910 					if (frags >= if_hw_tsomaxsegcount) {
911 						max_len += min(mlen,
912 						    if_hw_tsomaxsegcount *
913 						    if_hw_tsomaxsegsize);
914 						break;
915 					}
916 					max_len += mlen;
917 					if_hw_tsomaxsegcount -= frags;
918 					moff = 0;
919 					mb = mb->m_next;
920 				}
921 				if (max_len <= 0) {
922 					len = 0;
923 				} else if (len > max_len) {
924 					sendalot = 1;
925 					len = max_len;
926 				}
927 			}
928 
929 			/*
930 			 * Prevent the last segment from being
931 			 * fractional unless the send sockbuf can be
932 			 * emptied:
933 			 */
934 			max_len = (tp->t_maxseg - optlen);
935 			if (((uint32_t)off + (uint32_t)len) <
936 			    sbavail(&so->so_snd)) {
937 				moff = len % max_len;
938 				if (moff != 0) {
939 					len -= moff;
940 					sendalot = 1;
941 				}
942 			}
943 
944 			/*
945 			 * In case there are too many small fragments
946 			 * don't use TSO:
947 			 */
948 			if (len <= max_len) {
949 				len = max_len;
950 				sendalot = 1;
951 				tso = 0;
952 			}
953 
954 			/*
955 			 * Send the FIN in a separate segment
956 			 * after the bulk sending is done.
957 			 * We don't trust the TSO implementations
958 			 * to clear the FIN flag on all but the
959 			 * last segment.
960 			 */
961 			if (tp->t_flags & TF_NEEDFIN)
962 				sendalot = 1;
963 
964 		} else {
965 			len = tp->t_maxseg - optlen - ipoptlen;
966 			sendalot = 1;
967 		}
968 	} else
969 		tso = 0;
970 
971 	KASSERT(len + hdrlen + ipoptlen <= IP_MAXPACKET,
972 	    ("%s: len > IP_MAXPACKET", __func__));
973 
974 /*#ifdef DIAGNOSTIC*/
975 #ifdef INET6
976 	if (max_linkhdr + hdrlen > MCLBYTES)
977 #else
978 	if (max_linkhdr + hdrlen > MHLEN)
979 #endif
980 		panic("tcphdr too big");
981 /*#endif*/
982 
983 	/*
984 	 * This KASSERT is here to catch edge cases at a well defined place.
985 	 * Before, those had triggered (random) panic conditions further down.
986 	 */
987 	KASSERT(len >= 0, ("[%s:%d]: len < 0", __func__, __LINE__));
988 
989 	/*
990 	 * Grab a header mbuf, attaching a copy of data to
991 	 * be transmitted, and initialize the header from
992 	 * the template for sends on this connection.
993 	 */
994 	if (len) {
995 		struct mbuf *mb;
996 		u_int moff;
997 
998 		if ((tp->t_flags & TF_FORCEDATA) && len == 1)
999 			TCPSTAT_INC(tcps_sndprobe);
1000 		else if (SEQ_LT(tp->snd_nxt, tp->snd_max) || sack_rxmit) {
1001 			tp->t_sndrexmitpack++;
1002 			TCPSTAT_INC(tcps_sndrexmitpack);
1003 			TCPSTAT_ADD(tcps_sndrexmitbyte, len);
1004 		} else {
1005 			TCPSTAT_INC(tcps_sndpack);
1006 			TCPSTAT_ADD(tcps_sndbyte, len);
1007 		}
1008 #ifdef INET6
1009 		if (MHLEN < hdrlen + max_linkhdr)
1010 			m = m_getcl(M_NOWAIT, MT_DATA, M_PKTHDR);
1011 		else
1012 #endif
1013 			m = m_gethdr(M_NOWAIT, MT_DATA);
1014 
1015 		if (m == NULL) {
1016 			SOCKBUF_UNLOCK(&so->so_snd);
1017 			error = ENOBUFS;
1018 			sack_rxmit = 0;
1019 			goto out;
1020 		}
1021 
1022 		m->m_data += max_linkhdr;
1023 		m->m_len = hdrlen;
1024 
1025 		/*
1026 		 * Start the m_copy functions from the closest mbuf
1027 		 * to the offset in the socket buffer chain.
1028 		 */
1029 		mb = sbsndptr(&so->so_snd, off, len, &moff);
1030 
1031 		if (len <= MHLEN - hdrlen - max_linkhdr) {
1032 			m_copydata(mb, moff, len,
1033 			    mtod(m, caddr_t) + hdrlen);
1034 			m->m_len += len;
1035 		} else {
1036 			m->m_next = m_copym(mb, moff, len, M_NOWAIT);
1037 			if (m->m_next == NULL) {
1038 				SOCKBUF_UNLOCK(&so->so_snd);
1039 				(void) m_free(m);
1040 				error = ENOBUFS;
1041 				sack_rxmit = 0;
1042 				goto out;
1043 			}
1044 		}
1045 
1046 		/*
1047 		 * If we're sending everything we've got, set PUSH.
1048 		 * (This will keep happy those implementations which only
1049 		 * give data to the user when a buffer fills or
1050 		 * a PUSH comes in.)
1051 		 */
1052 		if (((uint32_t)off + (uint32_t)len == sbused(&so->so_snd)) &&
1053 		    !(flags & TH_SYN))
1054 			flags |= TH_PUSH;
1055 		SOCKBUF_UNLOCK(&so->so_snd);
1056 	} else {
1057 		SOCKBUF_UNLOCK(&so->so_snd);
1058 		if (tp->t_flags & TF_ACKNOW)
1059 			TCPSTAT_INC(tcps_sndacks);
1060 		else if (flags & (TH_SYN|TH_FIN|TH_RST))
1061 			TCPSTAT_INC(tcps_sndctrl);
1062 		else if (SEQ_GT(tp->snd_up, tp->snd_una))
1063 			TCPSTAT_INC(tcps_sndurg);
1064 		else
1065 			TCPSTAT_INC(tcps_sndwinup);
1066 
1067 		m = m_gethdr(M_NOWAIT, MT_DATA);
1068 		if (m == NULL) {
1069 			error = ENOBUFS;
1070 			sack_rxmit = 0;
1071 			goto out;
1072 		}
1073 #ifdef INET6
1074 		if (isipv6 && (MHLEN < hdrlen + max_linkhdr) &&
1075 		    MHLEN >= hdrlen) {
1076 			M_ALIGN(m, hdrlen);
1077 		} else
1078 #endif
1079 		m->m_data += max_linkhdr;
1080 		m->m_len = hdrlen;
1081 	}
1082 	SOCKBUF_UNLOCK_ASSERT(&so->so_snd);
1083 	m->m_pkthdr.rcvif = (struct ifnet *)0;
1084 #ifdef MAC
1085 	mac_inpcb_create_mbuf(tp->t_inpcb, m);
1086 #endif
1087 #ifdef INET6
1088 	if (isipv6) {
1089 		ip6 = mtod(m, struct ip6_hdr *);
1090 		th = (struct tcphdr *)(ip6 + 1);
1091 		tcpip_fillheaders(tp->t_inpcb, ip6, th);
1092 	} else
1093 #endif /* INET6 */
1094 	{
1095 		ip = mtod(m, struct ip *);
1096 #ifdef TCPDEBUG
1097 		ipov = (struct ipovly *)ip;
1098 #endif
1099 		th = (struct tcphdr *)(ip + 1);
1100 		tcpip_fillheaders(tp->t_inpcb, ip, th);
1101 	}
1102 
1103 	/*
1104 	 * Fill in fields, remembering maximum advertised
1105 	 * window for use in delaying messages about window sizes.
1106 	 * If resending a FIN, be sure not to use a new sequence number.
1107 	 */
1108 	if (flags & TH_FIN && tp->t_flags & TF_SENTFIN &&
1109 	    tp->snd_nxt == tp->snd_max)
1110 		tp->snd_nxt--;
1111 	/*
1112 	 * If we are starting a connection, send ECN setup
1113 	 * SYN packet. If we are on a retransmit, we may
1114 	 * resend those bits a number of times as per
1115 	 * RFC 3168.
1116 	 */
1117 	if (tp->t_state == TCPS_SYN_SENT && V_tcp_do_ecn == 1) {
1118 		if (tp->t_rxtshift >= 1) {
1119 			if (tp->t_rxtshift <= V_tcp_ecn_maxretries)
1120 				flags |= TH_ECE|TH_CWR;
1121 		} else
1122 			flags |= TH_ECE|TH_CWR;
1123 	}
1124 
1125 	if (tp->t_state == TCPS_ESTABLISHED &&
1126 	    (tp->t_flags & TF_ECN_PERMIT)) {
1127 		/*
1128 		 * If the peer has ECN, mark data packets with
1129 		 * ECN capable transmission (ECT).
1130 		 * Ignore pure ack packets, retransmissions and window probes.
1131 		 */
1132 		if (len > 0 && SEQ_GEQ(tp->snd_nxt, tp->snd_max) &&
1133 		    !((tp->t_flags & TF_FORCEDATA) && len == 1)) {
1134 #ifdef INET6
1135 			if (isipv6)
1136 				ip6->ip6_flow |= htonl(IPTOS_ECN_ECT0 << 20);
1137 			else
1138 #endif
1139 				ip->ip_tos |= IPTOS_ECN_ECT0;
1140 			TCPSTAT_INC(tcps_ecn_ect0);
1141 		}
1142 
1143 		/*
1144 		 * Reply with proper ECN notifications.
1145 		 */
1146 		if (tp->t_flags & TF_ECN_SND_CWR) {
1147 			flags |= TH_CWR;
1148 			tp->t_flags &= ~TF_ECN_SND_CWR;
1149 		}
1150 		if (tp->t_flags & TF_ECN_SND_ECE)
1151 			flags |= TH_ECE;
1152 	}
1153 
1154 	/*
1155 	 * If we are doing retransmissions, then snd_nxt will
1156 	 * not reflect the first unsent octet.  For ACK only
1157 	 * packets, we do not want the sequence number of the
1158 	 * retransmitted packet, we want the sequence number
1159 	 * of the next unsent octet.  So, if there is no data
1160 	 * (and no SYN or FIN), use snd_max instead of snd_nxt
1161 	 * when filling in ti_seq.  But if we are in persist
1162 	 * state, snd_max might reflect one byte beyond the
1163 	 * right edge of the window, so use snd_nxt in that
1164 	 * case, since we know we aren't doing a retransmission.
1165 	 * (retransmit and persist are mutually exclusive...)
1166 	 */
1167 	if (sack_rxmit == 0) {
1168 		if (len || (flags & (TH_SYN|TH_FIN)) ||
1169 		    tcp_timer_active(tp, TT_PERSIST))
1170 			th->th_seq = htonl(tp->snd_nxt);
1171 		else
1172 			th->th_seq = htonl(tp->snd_max);
1173 	} else {
1174 		th->th_seq = htonl(p->rxmit);
1175 		p->rxmit += len;
1176 		tp->sackhint.sack_bytes_rexmit += len;
1177 	}
1178 	th->th_ack = htonl(tp->rcv_nxt);
1179 	if (optlen) {
1180 		bcopy(opt, th + 1, optlen);
1181 		th->th_off = (sizeof (struct tcphdr) + optlen) >> 2;
1182 	}
1183 	th->th_flags = flags;
1184 	/*
1185 	 * Calculate receive window.  Don't shrink window,
1186 	 * but avoid silly window syndrome.
1187 	 */
1188 	if (recwin < (so->so_rcv.sb_hiwat / 4) &&
1189 	    recwin < tp->t_maxseg)
1190 		recwin = 0;
1191 	if (SEQ_GT(tp->rcv_adv, tp->rcv_nxt) &&
1192 	    recwin < (tp->rcv_adv - tp->rcv_nxt))
1193 		recwin = (tp->rcv_adv - tp->rcv_nxt);
1194 
1195 	/*
1196 	 * According to RFC1323 the window field in a SYN (i.e., a <SYN>
1197 	 * or <SYN,ACK>) segment itself is never scaled.  The <SYN,ACK>
1198 	 * case is handled in syncache.
1199 	 */
1200 	if (flags & TH_SYN)
1201 		th->th_win = htons((u_short)
1202 				(min(sbspace(&so->so_rcv), TCP_MAXWIN)));
1203 	else
1204 		th->th_win = htons((u_short)(recwin >> tp->rcv_scale));
1205 
1206 	/*
1207 	 * Adjust the RXWIN0SENT flag - indicate that we have advertised
1208 	 * a 0 window.  This may cause the remote transmitter to stall.  This
1209 	 * flag tells soreceive() to disable delayed acknowledgements when
1210 	 * draining the buffer.  This can occur if the receiver is attempting
1211 	 * to read more data than can be buffered prior to transmitting on
1212 	 * the connection.
1213 	 */
1214 	if (th->th_win == 0) {
1215 		tp->t_sndzerowin++;
1216 		tp->t_flags |= TF_RXWIN0SENT;
1217 	} else
1218 		tp->t_flags &= ~TF_RXWIN0SENT;
1219 	if (SEQ_GT(tp->snd_up, tp->snd_nxt)) {
1220 		th->th_urp = htons((u_short)(tp->snd_up - tp->snd_nxt));
1221 		th->th_flags |= TH_URG;
1222 	} else
1223 		/*
1224 		 * If no urgent pointer to send, then we pull
1225 		 * the urgent pointer to the left edge of the send window
1226 		 * so that it doesn't drift into the send window on sequence
1227 		 * number wraparound.
1228 		 */
1229 		tp->snd_up = tp->snd_una;		/* drag it along */
1230 
1231 	/*
1232 	 * Put TCP length in extended header, and then
1233 	 * checksum extended header and data.
1234 	 */
1235 	m->m_pkthdr.len = hdrlen + len; /* in6_cksum() need this */
1236 	m->m_pkthdr.csum_data = offsetof(struct tcphdr, th_sum);
1237 
1238 #if defined(IPSEC_SUPPORT) || defined(TCP_SIGNATURE)
1239 	if (to.to_flags & TOF_SIGNATURE) {
1240 		/*
1241 		 * Calculate MD5 signature and put it into the place
1242 		 * determined before.
1243 		 * NOTE: since TCP options buffer doesn't point into
1244 		 * mbuf's data, calculate offset and use it.
1245 		 */
1246 		if (!TCPMD5_ENABLED() || (error = TCPMD5_OUTPUT(m, th,
1247 		    (u_char *)(th + 1) + (to.to_signature - opt))) != 0) {
1248 			/*
1249 			 * Do not send segment if the calculation of MD5
1250 			 * digest has failed.
1251 			 */
1252 			m_freem(m);
1253 			goto out;
1254 		}
1255 	}
1256 #endif
1257 #ifdef INET6
1258 	if (isipv6) {
1259 		/*
1260 		 * There is no need to fill in ip6_plen right now.
1261 		 * It will be filled later by ip6_output.
1262 		 */
1263 		m->m_pkthdr.csum_flags = CSUM_TCP_IPV6;
1264 		th->th_sum = in6_cksum_pseudo(ip6, sizeof(struct tcphdr) +
1265 		    optlen + len, IPPROTO_TCP, 0);
1266 	}
1267 #endif
1268 #if defined(INET6) && defined(INET)
1269 	else
1270 #endif
1271 #ifdef INET
1272 	{
1273 		m->m_pkthdr.csum_flags = CSUM_TCP;
1274 		th->th_sum = in_pseudo(ip->ip_src.s_addr, ip->ip_dst.s_addr,
1275 		    htons(sizeof(struct tcphdr) + IPPROTO_TCP + len + optlen));
1276 
1277 		/* IP version must be set here for ipv4/ipv6 checking later */
1278 		KASSERT(ip->ip_v == IPVERSION,
1279 		    ("%s: IP version incorrect: %d", __func__, ip->ip_v));
1280 	}
1281 #endif
1282 
1283 	/*
1284 	 * Enable TSO and specify the size of the segments.
1285 	 * The TCP pseudo header checksum is always provided.
1286 	 */
1287 	if (tso) {
1288 		KASSERT(len > tp->t_maxseg - optlen,
1289 		    ("%s: len <= tso_segsz", __func__));
1290 		m->m_pkthdr.csum_flags |= CSUM_TSO;
1291 		m->m_pkthdr.tso_segsz = tp->t_maxseg - optlen;
1292 	}
1293 
1294 #if defined(IPSEC) || defined(IPSEC_SUPPORT)
1295 	KASSERT(len + hdrlen + ipoptlen - ipsec_optlen == m_length(m, NULL),
1296 	    ("%s: mbuf chain shorter than expected: %d + %u + %u - %u != %u",
1297 	    __func__, len, hdrlen, ipoptlen, ipsec_optlen, m_length(m, NULL)));
1298 #else
1299 	KASSERT(len + hdrlen + ipoptlen == m_length(m, NULL),
1300 	    ("%s: mbuf chain shorter than expected: %d + %u + %u != %u",
1301 	    __func__, len, hdrlen, ipoptlen, m_length(m, NULL)));
1302 #endif
1303 
1304 #ifdef TCP_HHOOK
1305 	/* Run HHOOK_TCP_ESTABLISHED_OUT helper hooks. */
1306 	hhook_run_tcp_est_out(tp, th, &to, len, tso);
1307 #endif
1308 
1309 #ifdef TCPDEBUG
1310 	/*
1311 	 * Trace.
1312 	 */
1313 	if (so->so_options & SO_DEBUG) {
1314 		u_short save = 0;
1315 #ifdef INET6
1316 		if (!isipv6)
1317 #endif
1318 		{
1319 			save = ipov->ih_len;
1320 			ipov->ih_len = htons(m->m_pkthdr.len /* - hdrlen + (th->th_off << 2) */);
1321 		}
1322 		tcp_trace(TA_OUTPUT, tp->t_state, tp, mtod(m, void *), th, 0);
1323 #ifdef INET6
1324 		if (!isipv6)
1325 #endif
1326 		ipov->ih_len = save;
1327 	}
1328 #endif /* TCPDEBUG */
1329 	TCP_PROBE3(debug__output, tp, th, m);
1330 
1331 	/*
1332 	 * Fill in IP length and desired time to live and
1333 	 * send to IP level.  There should be a better way
1334 	 * to handle ttl and tos; we could keep them in
1335 	 * the template, but need a way to checksum without them.
1336 	 */
1337 	/*
1338 	 * m->m_pkthdr.len should have been set before checksum calculation,
1339 	 * because in6_cksum() need it.
1340 	 */
1341 #ifdef INET6
1342 	if (isipv6) {
1343 		/*
1344 		 * we separately set hoplimit for every segment, since the
1345 		 * user might want to change the value via setsockopt.
1346 		 * Also, desired default hop limit might be changed via
1347 		 * Neighbor Discovery.
1348 		 */
1349 		ip6->ip6_hlim = in6_selecthlim(tp->t_inpcb, NULL);
1350 
1351 		/*
1352 		 * Set the packet size here for the benefit of DTrace probes.
1353 		 * ip6_output() will set it properly; it's supposed to include
1354 		 * the option header lengths as well.
1355 		 */
1356 		ip6->ip6_plen = htons(m->m_pkthdr.len - sizeof(*ip6));
1357 
1358 		if (V_path_mtu_discovery && tp->t_maxseg > V_tcp_minmss)
1359 			tp->t_flags2 |= TF2_PLPMTU_PMTUD;
1360 		else
1361 			tp->t_flags2 &= ~TF2_PLPMTU_PMTUD;
1362 
1363 		if (tp->t_state == TCPS_SYN_SENT)
1364 			TCP_PROBE5(connect__request, NULL, tp, ip6, tp, th);
1365 
1366 		TCP_PROBE5(send, NULL, tp, ip6, tp, th);
1367 
1368 #ifdef TCPPCAP
1369 		/* Save packet, if requested. */
1370 		tcp_pcap_add(th, m, &(tp->t_outpkts));
1371 #endif
1372 
1373 		/* TODO: IPv6 IP6TOS_ECT bit on */
1374 		error = ip6_output(m, tp->t_inpcb->in6p_outputopts,
1375 		    &tp->t_inpcb->inp_route6,
1376 		    ((so->so_options & SO_DONTROUTE) ?  IP_ROUTETOIF : 0),
1377 		    NULL, NULL, tp->t_inpcb);
1378 
1379 		if (error == EMSGSIZE && tp->t_inpcb->inp_route6.ro_rt != NULL)
1380 			mtu = tp->t_inpcb->inp_route6.ro_rt->rt_mtu;
1381 	}
1382 #endif /* INET6 */
1383 #if defined(INET) && defined(INET6)
1384 	else
1385 #endif
1386 #ifdef INET
1387     {
1388 	ip->ip_len = htons(m->m_pkthdr.len);
1389 #ifdef INET6
1390 	if (tp->t_inpcb->inp_vflag & INP_IPV6PROTO)
1391 		ip->ip_ttl = in6_selecthlim(tp->t_inpcb, NULL);
1392 #endif /* INET6 */
1393 	/*
1394 	 * If we do path MTU discovery, then we set DF on every packet.
1395 	 * This might not be the best thing to do according to RFC3390
1396 	 * Section 2. However the tcp hostcache migitates the problem
1397 	 * so it affects only the first tcp connection with a host.
1398 	 *
1399 	 * NB: Don't set DF on small MTU/MSS to have a safe fallback.
1400 	 */
1401 	if (V_path_mtu_discovery && tp->t_maxseg > V_tcp_minmss) {
1402 		ip->ip_off |= htons(IP_DF);
1403 		tp->t_flags2 |= TF2_PLPMTU_PMTUD;
1404 	} else {
1405 		tp->t_flags2 &= ~TF2_PLPMTU_PMTUD;
1406 	}
1407 
1408 	if (tp->t_state == TCPS_SYN_SENT)
1409 		TCP_PROBE5(connect__request, NULL, tp, ip, tp, th);
1410 
1411 	TCP_PROBE5(send, NULL, tp, ip, tp, th);
1412 
1413 #ifdef TCPPCAP
1414 	/* Save packet, if requested. */
1415 	tcp_pcap_add(th, m, &(tp->t_outpkts));
1416 #endif
1417 
1418 	error = ip_output(m, tp->t_inpcb->inp_options, &tp->t_inpcb->inp_route,
1419 	    ((so->so_options & SO_DONTROUTE) ? IP_ROUTETOIF : 0), 0,
1420 	    tp->t_inpcb);
1421 
1422 	if (error == EMSGSIZE && tp->t_inpcb->inp_route.ro_rt != NULL)
1423 		mtu = tp->t_inpcb->inp_route.ro_rt->rt_mtu;
1424     }
1425 #endif /* INET */
1426 
1427 out:
1428 	/*
1429 	 * In transmit state, time the transmission and arrange for
1430 	 * the retransmit.  In persist state, just set snd_max.
1431 	 */
1432 	if ((tp->t_flags & TF_FORCEDATA) == 0 ||
1433 	    !tcp_timer_active(tp, TT_PERSIST)) {
1434 		tcp_seq startseq = tp->snd_nxt;
1435 
1436 		/*
1437 		 * Advance snd_nxt over sequence space of this segment.
1438 		 */
1439 		if (flags & (TH_SYN|TH_FIN)) {
1440 			if (flags & TH_SYN)
1441 				tp->snd_nxt++;
1442 			if (flags & TH_FIN) {
1443 				tp->snd_nxt++;
1444 				tp->t_flags |= TF_SENTFIN;
1445 			}
1446 		}
1447 		if (sack_rxmit)
1448 			goto timer;
1449 		tp->snd_nxt += len;
1450 		if (SEQ_GT(tp->snd_nxt, tp->snd_max)) {
1451 			tp->snd_max = tp->snd_nxt;
1452 			/*
1453 			 * Time this transmission if not a retransmission and
1454 			 * not currently timing anything.
1455 			 */
1456 			if (tp->t_rtttime == 0) {
1457 				tp->t_rtttime = ticks;
1458 				tp->t_rtseq = startseq;
1459 				TCPSTAT_INC(tcps_segstimed);
1460 			}
1461 		}
1462 
1463 		/*
1464 		 * Set retransmit timer if not currently set,
1465 		 * and not doing a pure ack or a keep-alive probe.
1466 		 * Initial value for retransmit timer is smoothed
1467 		 * round-trip time + 2 * round-trip time variance.
1468 		 * Initialize shift counter which is used for backoff
1469 		 * of retransmit time.
1470 		 */
1471 timer:
1472 		if (!tcp_timer_active(tp, TT_REXMT) &&
1473 		    ((sack_rxmit && tp->snd_nxt != tp->snd_max) ||
1474 		     (tp->snd_nxt != tp->snd_una))) {
1475 			if (tcp_timer_active(tp, TT_PERSIST)) {
1476 				tcp_timer_activate(tp, TT_PERSIST, 0);
1477 				tp->t_rxtshift = 0;
1478 			}
1479 			tcp_timer_activate(tp, TT_REXMT, tp->t_rxtcur);
1480 		} else if (len == 0 && sbavail(&so->so_snd) &&
1481 		    !tcp_timer_active(tp, TT_REXMT) &&
1482 		    !tcp_timer_active(tp, TT_PERSIST)) {
1483 			/*
1484 			 * Avoid a situation where we do not set persist timer
1485 			 * after a zero window condition. For example:
1486 			 * 1) A -> B: packet with enough data to fill the window
1487 			 * 2) B -> A: ACK for #1 + new data (0 window
1488 			 *    advertisement)
1489 			 * 3) A -> B: ACK for #2, 0 len packet
1490 			 *
1491 			 * In this case, A will not activate the persist timer,
1492 			 * because it chose to send a packet. Unless tcp_output
1493 			 * is called for some other reason (delayed ack timer,
1494 			 * another input packet from B, socket syscall), A will
1495 			 * not send zero window probes.
1496 			 *
1497 			 * So, if you send a 0-length packet, but there is data
1498 			 * in the socket buffer, and neither the rexmt or
1499 			 * persist timer is already set, then activate the
1500 			 * persist timer.
1501 			 */
1502 			tp->t_rxtshift = 0;
1503 			tcp_setpersist(tp);
1504 		}
1505 	} else {
1506 		/*
1507 		 * Persist case, update snd_max but since we are in
1508 		 * persist mode (no window) we do not update snd_nxt.
1509 		 */
1510 		int xlen = len;
1511 		if (flags & TH_SYN)
1512 			++xlen;
1513 		if (flags & TH_FIN) {
1514 			++xlen;
1515 			tp->t_flags |= TF_SENTFIN;
1516 		}
1517 		if (SEQ_GT(tp->snd_nxt + xlen, tp->snd_max))
1518 			tp->snd_max = tp->snd_nxt + xlen;
1519 	}
1520 
1521 	if (error) {
1522 
1523 		/*
1524 		 * We know that the packet was lost, so back out the
1525 		 * sequence number advance, if any.
1526 		 *
1527 		 * If the error is EPERM the packet got blocked by the
1528 		 * local firewall.  Normally we should terminate the
1529 		 * connection but the blocking may have been spurious
1530 		 * due to a firewall reconfiguration cycle.  So we treat
1531 		 * it like a packet loss and let the retransmit timer and
1532 		 * timeouts do their work over time.
1533 		 * XXX: It is a POLA question whether calling tcp_drop right
1534 		 * away would be the really correct behavior instead.
1535 		 */
1536 		if (((tp->t_flags & TF_FORCEDATA) == 0 ||
1537 		    !tcp_timer_active(tp, TT_PERSIST)) &&
1538 		    ((flags & TH_SYN) == 0) &&
1539 		    (error != EPERM)) {
1540 			if (sack_rxmit) {
1541 				p->rxmit -= len;
1542 				tp->sackhint.sack_bytes_rexmit -= len;
1543 				KASSERT(tp->sackhint.sack_bytes_rexmit >= 0,
1544 				    ("sackhint bytes rtx >= 0"));
1545 			} else
1546 				tp->snd_nxt -= len;
1547 		}
1548 		SOCKBUF_UNLOCK_ASSERT(&so->so_snd);	/* Check gotos. */
1549 		switch (error) {
1550 		case EACCES:
1551 			tp->t_softerror = error;
1552 			return (0);
1553 		case EPERM:
1554 			tp->t_softerror = error;
1555 			return (error);
1556 		case ENOBUFS:
1557 			TCP_XMIT_TIMER_ASSERT(tp, len, flags);
1558 			tp->snd_cwnd = tp->t_maxseg;
1559 			return (0);
1560 		case EMSGSIZE:
1561 			/*
1562 			 * For some reason the interface we used initially
1563 			 * to send segments changed to another or lowered
1564 			 * its MTU.
1565 			 * If TSO was active we either got an interface
1566 			 * without TSO capabilits or TSO was turned off.
1567 			 * If we obtained mtu from ip_output() then update
1568 			 * it and try again.
1569 			 */
1570 			if (tso)
1571 				tp->t_flags &= ~TF_TSO;
1572 			if (mtu != 0) {
1573 				tcp_mss_update(tp, -1, mtu, NULL, NULL);
1574 				goto again;
1575 			}
1576 			return (error);
1577 		case EHOSTDOWN:
1578 		case EHOSTUNREACH:
1579 		case ENETDOWN:
1580 		case ENETUNREACH:
1581 			if (TCPS_HAVERCVDSYN(tp->t_state)) {
1582 				tp->t_softerror = error;
1583 				return (0);
1584 			}
1585 			/* FALLTHROUGH */
1586 		default:
1587 			return (error);
1588 		}
1589 	}
1590 	TCPSTAT_INC(tcps_sndtotal);
1591 
1592 	/*
1593 	 * Data sent (as far as we can tell).
1594 	 * If this advertises a larger window than any other segment,
1595 	 * then remember the size of the advertised window.
1596 	 * Any pending ACK has now been sent.
1597 	 */
1598 	if (SEQ_GT(tp->rcv_nxt + recwin, tp->rcv_adv))
1599 		tp->rcv_adv = tp->rcv_nxt + recwin;
1600 	tp->last_ack_sent = tp->rcv_nxt;
1601 	tp->t_flags &= ~(TF_ACKNOW | TF_DELACK);
1602 	if (tcp_timer_active(tp, TT_DELACK))
1603 		tcp_timer_activate(tp, TT_DELACK, 0);
1604 #if 0
1605 	/*
1606 	 * This completely breaks TCP if newreno is turned on.  What happens
1607 	 * is that if delayed-acks are turned on on the receiver, this code
1608 	 * on the transmitter effectively destroys the TCP window, forcing
1609 	 * it to four packets (1.5Kx4 = 6K window).
1610 	 */
1611 	if (sendalot && --maxburst)
1612 		goto again;
1613 #endif
1614 	if (sendalot)
1615 		goto again;
1616 	return (0);
1617 }
1618 
1619 void
1620 tcp_setpersist(struct tcpcb *tp)
1621 {
1622 	int t = ((tp->t_srtt >> 2) + tp->t_rttvar) >> 1;
1623 	int tt;
1624 
1625 	tp->t_flags &= ~TF_PREVVALID;
1626 	if (tcp_timer_active(tp, TT_REXMT))
1627 		panic("tcp_setpersist: retransmit pending");
1628 	/*
1629 	 * Start/restart persistence timer.
1630 	 */
1631 	TCPT_RANGESET(tt, t * tcp_backoff[tp->t_rxtshift],
1632 		      tcp_persmin, tcp_persmax);
1633 	tcp_timer_activate(tp, TT_PERSIST, tt);
1634 	if (tp->t_rxtshift < TCP_MAXRXTSHIFT)
1635 		tp->t_rxtshift++;
1636 }
1637 
1638 /*
1639  * Insert TCP options according to the supplied parameters to the place
1640  * optp in a consistent way.  Can handle unaligned destinations.
1641  *
1642  * The order of the option processing is crucial for optimal packing and
1643  * alignment for the scarce option space.
1644  *
1645  * The optimal order for a SYN/SYN-ACK segment is:
1646  *   MSS (4) + NOP (1) + Window scale (3) + SACK permitted (2) +
1647  *   Timestamp (10) + Signature (18) = 38 bytes out of a maximum of 40.
1648  *
1649  * The SACK options should be last.  SACK blocks consume 8*n+2 bytes.
1650  * So a full size SACK blocks option is 34 bytes (with 4 SACK blocks).
1651  * At minimum we need 10 bytes (to generate 1 SACK block).  If both
1652  * TCP Timestamps (12 bytes) and TCP Signatures (18 bytes) are present,
1653  * we only have 10 bytes for SACK options (40 - (12 + 18)).
1654  */
1655 int
1656 tcp_addoptions(struct tcpopt *to, u_char *optp)
1657 {
1658 	u_int32_t mask, optlen = 0;
1659 
1660 	for (mask = 1; mask < TOF_MAXOPT; mask <<= 1) {
1661 		if ((to->to_flags & mask) != mask)
1662 			continue;
1663 		if (optlen == TCP_MAXOLEN)
1664 			break;
1665 		switch (to->to_flags & mask) {
1666 		case TOF_MSS:
1667 			while (optlen % 4) {
1668 				optlen += TCPOLEN_NOP;
1669 				*optp++ = TCPOPT_NOP;
1670 			}
1671 			if (TCP_MAXOLEN - optlen < TCPOLEN_MAXSEG)
1672 				continue;
1673 			optlen += TCPOLEN_MAXSEG;
1674 			*optp++ = TCPOPT_MAXSEG;
1675 			*optp++ = TCPOLEN_MAXSEG;
1676 			to->to_mss = htons(to->to_mss);
1677 			bcopy((u_char *)&to->to_mss, optp, sizeof(to->to_mss));
1678 			optp += sizeof(to->to_mss);
1679 			break;
1680 		case TOF_SCALE:
1681 			while (!optlen || optlen % 2 != 1) {
1682 				optlen += TCPOLEN_NOP;
1683 				*optp++ = TCPOPT_NOP;
1684 			}
1685 			if (TCP_MAXOLEN - optlen < TCPOLEN_WINDOW)
1686 				continue;
1687 			optlen += TCPOLEN_WINDOW;
1688 			*optp++ = TCPOPT_WINDOW;
1689 			*optp++ = TCPOLEN_WINDOW;
1690 			*optp++ = to->to_wscale;
1691 			break;
1692 		case TOF_SACKPERM:
1693 			while (optlen % 2) {
1694 				optlen += TCPOLEN_NOP;
1695 				*optp++ = TCPOPT_NOP;
1696 			}
1697 			if (TCP_MAXOLEN - optlen < TCPOLEN_SACK_PERMITTED)
1698 				continue;
1699 			optlen += TCPOLEN_SACK_PERMITTED;
1700 			*optp++ = TCPOPT_SACK_PERMITTED;
1701 			*optp++ = TCPOLEN_SACK_PERMITTED;
1702 			break;
1703 		case TOF_TS:
1704 			while (!optlen || optlen % 4 != 2) {
1705 				optlen += TCPOLEN_NOP;
1706 				*optp++ = TCPOPT_NOP;
1707 			}
1708 			if (TCP_MAXOLEN - optlen < TCPOLEN_TIMESTAMP)
1709 				continue;
1710 			optlen += TCPOLEN_TIMESTAMP;
1711 			*optp++ = TCPOPT_TIMESTAMP;
1712 			*optp++ = TCPOLEN_TIMESTAMP;
1713 			to->to_tsval = htonl(to->to_tsval);
1714 			to->to_tsecr = htonl(to->to_tsecr);
1715 			bcopy((u_char *)&to->to_tsval, optp, sizeof(to->to_tsval));
1716 			optp += sizeof(to->to_tsval);
1717 			bcopy((u_char *)&to->to_tsecr, optp, sizeof(to->to_tsecr));
1718 			optp += sizeof(to->to_tsecr);
1719 			break;
1720 		case TOF_SIGNATURE:
1721 			{
1722 			int siglen = TCPOLEN_SIGNATURE - 2;
1723 
1724 			while (!optlen || optlen % 4 != 2) {
1725 				optlen += TCPOLEN_NOP;
1726 				*optp++ = TCPOPT_NOP;
1727 			}
1728 			if (TCP_MAXOLEN - optlen < TCPOLEN_SIGNATURE) {
1729 				to->to_flags &= ~TOF_SIGNATURE;
1730 				continue;
1731 			}
1732 			optlen += TCPOLEN_SIGNATURE;
1733 			*optp++ = TCPOPT_SIGNATURE;
1734 			*optp++ = TCPOLEN_SIGNATURE;
1735 			to->to_signature = optp;
1736 			while (siglen--)
1737 				 *optp++ = 0;
1738 			break;
1739 			}
1740 		case TOF_SACK:
1741 			{
1742 			int sackblks = 0;
1743 			struct sackblk *sack = (struct sackblk *)to->to_sacks;
1744 			tcp_seq sack_seq;
1745 
1746 			while (!optlen || optlen % 4 != 2) {
1747 				optlen += TCPOLEN_NOP;
1748 				*optp++ = TCPOPT_NOP;
1749 			}
1750 			if (TCP_MAXOLEN - optlen < TCPOLEN_SACKHDR + TCPOLEN_SACK)
1751 				continue;
1752 			optlen += TCPOLEN_SACKHDR;
1753 			*optp++ = TCPOPT_SACK;
1754 			sackblks = min(to->to_nsacks,
1755 					(TCP_MAXOLEN - optlen) / TCPOLEN_SACK);
1756 			*optp++ = TCPOLEN_SACKHDR + sackblks * TCPOLEN_SACK;
1757 			while (sackblks--) {
1758 				sack_seq = htonl(sack->start);
1759 				bcopy((u_char *)&sack_seq, optp, sizeof(sack_seq));
1760 				optp += sizeof(sack_seq);
1761 				sack_seq = htonl(sack->end);
1762 				bcopy((u_char *)&sack_seq, optp, sizeof(sack_seq));
1763 				optp += sizeof(sack_seq);
1764 				optlen += TCPOLEN_SACK;
1765 				sack++;
1766 			}
1767 			TCPSTAT_INC(tcps_sack_send_blocks);
1768 			break;
1769 			}
1770 #ifdef TCP_RFC7413
1771 		case TOF_FASTOPEN:
1772 			{
1773 			int total_len;
1774 
1775 			/* XXX is there any point to aligning this option? */
1776 			total_len = TCPOLEN_FAST_OPEN_EMPTY + to->to_tfo_len;
1777 			if (TCP_MAXOLEN - optlen < total_len)
1778 				continue;
1779 			*optp++ = TCPOPT_FAST_OPEN;
1780 			*optp++ = total_len;
1781 			if (to->to_tfo_len > 0) {
1782 				bcopy(to->to_tfo_cookie, optp, to->to_tfo_len);
1783 				optp += to->to_tfo_len;
1784 			}
1785 			optlen += total_len;
1786 			break;
1787 			}
1788 #endif
1789 		default:
1790 			panic("%s: unknown TCP option type", __func__);
1791 			break;
1792 		}
1793 	}
1794 
1795 	/* Terminate and pad TCP options to a 4 byte boundary. */
1796 	if (optlen % 4) {
1797 		optlen += TCPOLEN_EOL;
1798 		*optp++ = TCPOPT_EOL;
1799 	}
1800 	/*
1801 	 * According to RFC 793 (STD0007):
1802 	 *   "The content of the header beyond the End-of-Option option
1803 	 *    must be header padding (i.e., zero)."
1804 	 *   and later: "The padding is composed of zeros."
1805 	 */
1806 	while (optlen % 4) {
1807 		optlen += TCPOLEN_PAD;
1808 		*optp++ = TCPOPT_PAD;
1809 	}
1810 
1811 	KASSERT(optlen <= TCP_MAXOLEN, ("%s: TCP options too long", __func__));
1812 	return (optlen);
1813 }
1814 
1815 void
1816 tcp_sndbuf_autoscale(struct tcpcb *tp, struct socket *so, uint32_t sendwin)
1817 {
1818 
1819 	/*
1820 	 * Automatic sizing of send socket buffer.  Often the send buffer
1821 	 * size is not optimally adjusted to the actual network conditions
1822 	 * at hand (delay bandwidth product).  Setting the buffer size too
1823 	 * small limits throughput on links with high bandwidth and high
1824 	 * delay (eg. trans-continental/oceanic links).  Setting the
1825 	 * buffer size too big consumes too much real kernel memory,
1826 	 * especially with many connections on busy servers.
1827 	 *
1828 	 * The criteria to step up the send buffer one notch are:
1829 	 *  1. receive window of remote host is larger than send buffer
1830 	 *     (with a fudge factor of 5/4th);
1831 	 *  2. send buffer is filled to 7/8th with data (so we actually
1832 	 *     have data to make use of it);
1833 	 *  3. send buffer fill has not hit maximal automatic size;
1834 	 *  4. our send window (slow start and cogestion controlled) is
1835 	 *     larger than sent but unacknowledged data in send buffer.
1836 	 *
1837 	 * The remote host receive window scaling factor may limit the
1838 	 * growing of the send buffer before it reaches its allowed
1839 	 * maximum.
1840 	 *
1841 	 * It scales directly with slow start or congestion window
1842 	 * and does at most one step per received ACK.  This fast
1843 	 * scaling has the drawback of growing the send buffer beyond
1844 	 * what is strictly necessary to make full use of a given
1845 	 * delay*bandwidth product.  However testing has shown this not
1846 	 * to be much of an problem.  At worst we are trading wasting
1847 	 * of available bandwidth (the non-use of it) for wasting some
1848 	 * socket buffer memory.
1849 	 *
1850 	 * TODO: Shrink send buffer during idle periods together
1851 	 * with congestion window.  Requires another timer.  Has to
1852 	 * wait for upcoming tcp timer rewrite.
1853 	 *
1854 	 * XXXGL: should there be used sbused() or sbavail()?
1855 	 */
1856 	if (V_tcp_do_autosndbuf && so->so_snd.sb_flags & SB_AUTOSIZE) {
1857 		int lowat;
1858 
1859 		lowat = V_tcp_sendbuf_auto_lowat ? so->so_snd.sb_lowat : 0;
1860 		if ((tp->snd_wnd / 4 * 5) >= so->so_snd.sb_hiwat - lowat &&
1861 		    sbused(&so->so_snd) >=
1862 		    (so->so_snd.sb_hiwat / 8 * 7) - lowat &&
1863 		    sbused(&so->so_snd) < V_tcp_autosndbuf_max &&
1864 		    sendwin >= (sbused(&so->so_snd) -
1865 		    (tp->snd_nxt - tp->snd_una))) {
1866 			if (!sbreserve_locked(&so->so_snd,
1867 			    min(so->so_snd.sb_hiwat + V_tcp_autosndbuf_inc,
1868 			     V_tcp_autosndbuf_max), so, curthread))
1869 				so->so_snd.sb_flags &= ~SB_AUTOSIZE;
1870 		}
1871 	}
1872 }
1873